Department of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources Heavy metals in urban green cuttings Piepenschneider, Meike a ; De Moor, Sofie b ; Hensgen, Frank a ; Michels, Evi b ; Meers, Erik b ; Wachendorf, Michael a a Department of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Kassel University, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany b Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Department of
Grassland Science and Renewable
Plant Resources
Heavy metals in urban
green cuttingsPiepenschneider, Meikea; De Moor, Sofieb;
Hensgen, Franka; Michels, Evib; Meers,
Erikb; Wachendorf, Michaela
aDepartment of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Kassel
University, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, GermanybDepartment of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University,
Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
COMBINE and further
• IFBB technique with main focus on municipal green
waste
Residual biomass: roadside green, leaf litter, …
Power demand
• Integration in existing energy supply and waste disposal
systems
• Main challenges: logistics, public relations
Potential
Fuller & Gaston, 2005
Potential – Example: Berlin
21,000 t FM green cuttings
7,000 t DM
5,600 t DM press cake (LHV 17 MJ/kg)
95,200 GJ
2,600 households (100 kWh/m2)
Heavy metals
• No clear definition of „heavy metals“
• In this study: Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn
• Micronutrients, but toxic in higher concentration
http://www.arm-alysis.de/2011/04/04/bestimmung-
schwermetalle-nach-der-verpackungsverordnung-eu-
richtlinie-9462eg/
Sketch of roadside environment
Werkenthin et al. (2014)
Urban sources of heavy metals
References: http://www.motorradonline.de/fahrwerk/fahrwerksspezial-teil-10-
reifenabrieb-reifenbilder/422241?seite=2; http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:
Schkopau_Braunkohlekraftwerk_Schornstein.jpg; http://www.motor-
talk.de/blogs/lt-s-garage/wie-alt-is-dein-auspuff-t2438338.html
Cr, Cd
Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb
Mn
Sites
Experimental Design
8-cut 2-cut4-cut
Yield 2013
2-cut 4-cut mulching (8 times)
Yie
ldin
t D
M h
a-1
a-1
Results Cd/Pb in mg kg-1 DM
Cd Pb
Detection level 0.4 4
Natural level 0.271 3.31
Limiting value 0.52 102
1 Kabata-Pendias 20112 DIN EN 14961-6
Results Cd/Pb in mg kg-1 DM
Cd Pb
Detection level 0.4 4
Natural level 0.271 3.31
Limiting value 0.52 102
1 Kabata-Pendias 20112 DIN EN 14961-6
99 % of samples were below detection
limit for each Cd and Pb
Results Mn/Zn
----- natural value; Kabata-Pendias 2011, Lindström et al. 2013
limiting value DIN EN 14961-6
Results Cr/Cu
----- natural value; Kabata-Pendias 2011, Lindström et al. 2013
limiting value DIN EN 14961-6
Conclusion
• Low heavy metal concentration of roadside
green cuttings of the city of Kassel
• Concentration below limiting value of DIN EN
14961-6
• Enrichment by abrasion from screw press
existent but inconsequential
• Yield similar to high-nature-value grassland
Thank you for attention!
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