Heat exchanger Uniting the heat exchanger supply chain WORLD · 2020-02-29 · Heat Exchanger World January 2020 3 Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2020 Editorial Heat Exchanger World is

HeatexchangerWORLD

Uniting the heat exchanger supply chain

Cover story:

Teadit: Leading R&D for critical process sealing solutions

Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2020

WHEN CONDITIONS HEAT UP DON’T LET CORROSION SHUT YOU DOWN Whether it’s higher temperatures, rising pressures or more acidic media, conditions in oil refineries have never been more extreme. Tube and pipe corrosion are a constant threat, causing as many as half of all major shutdowns. This is why hundreds of the world’s most demanding petrochemicals refiners are turning to the next generation of corrosion resistant alloys. Like one German oil refinery, which used Sandvik SAF 2707 HD hyper-duplex heat exchanger tubes to reduce the number of shutdowns from 8 to 1 over a period of four years. The result was massive savings on material replacement. So as your tubes’ performance is pushed to new heights, find out how we can help keep corrosion from shutting you down.

MATERIALS.SANDVIK

SAV0238_SMT_ADS_PolygonIllu_Chemical_A4_180111.indd 1 2019-09-06 08:27

3 Heat Exchanger World January 2020

E d i to r i a l Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2020

Heat Exchanger World is the global magazine connecting those working in the heat exchanger supply chain

www.heat-exchanger-world.com ISSN: 2666-1241 (Print)ISSN: 2666-125X (Online) Director KCI PublishingRobert-Jan à [email protected].: +31 575 585 275

Director KCI Publishing B.VElisa [email protected]: +31 575 585 291 EditorsJohn [email protected].: +31 575 585 294

Pascal AussendorfJoanne McIntyreDavid SearDaniel Sweet Sales Enquiries and MarketingKamiel van [email protected].: +31 575 585 289 Pascal [email protected].: +49 2821 711 45 34 Subscriptions ManagerErica [email protected].: +31 575 585 271 Heat Exchanger World will be published six times in 2020 in January, March, May, July, September, and November. Publishing HouseKCI Publishing B.V., Jacob Damsingel 17,NL-7201 AN Zutphen, The Netherlands Mailing AddressP.O. Box 396, NL-7200 AJ Zutphen, The [email protected].: +31 575 585 270Bank Account: ABNAMRO 56.64.05.164BIC: ABNANL2A IBAN: NL50ABNA0566405164 China OfficeKCI Shanghai, Room 603, 6F, #400 Zhejiang Mid Road,200001, Shanghai, [email protected].: +86 6351 9609 Germany OfficeKCI GmbH, Tiergartenstrasse 64, D-47533 Kleve, [email protected].: +49 2821 71145 0 Canada OfficeKCI Publishing Corporation36 King Street East, Suite 701, Toronto ON MSC 1E5, [email protected].: +1 416 361 7030

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The publishers and the authors state that this magazine has been compiled meticulously and to the best of their knowledge. However, the publishers and the authors can in no way guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information. The publisher and the authors therefore do not accept any liability for any damage resulting from actions or decisions based on the information in question. Users of this magazine are strongly advised to not to use this information solely but to rely on their professional knowledge and experience and to check the information to be used. KCI Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of information provided by par-ticipating companies and authorities. The publisher reserves the right to combine, delete, and change sections.The publisher reserves the right to edit and re-use (parts of the articles and to distribute the information by any means.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, store in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.Heat Exchanger World is a trademark of Techni-cal Business Publications II B.V., Thijs Elshof, PO Box 67, 6680 AB Lingewaard, The Netherlands.© 2020. All rights reserved.

HeatexchangerWORLD

A D V E R T I S E R S ’ I N D E XAperam 15

Aura 45

Dolphin Heat Transfer 39

Heavy Metal & Tubes 25

IGEFA Weinbrenner 39

Kobelco 16

Luftmeister 9

Ratnamani Metal & Tubes 34

Sandvik 2

Schniewindt 43

Teadit 31

VE Group 48

Xelsion Heat Transfer Solutions 37

Zwahlen/Mayr 7

Dear Readers, A very happy New Year to you all! On behalf of the Heat Exchanger World team, I would like to take this opportunity to wish you not only a healthy year ahead but also a very successful one for you and your company. At the Heat Exchanger World offices we have a very busy 2020. Apart from six issues of the magazine this year (January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, and November/December) we will also organize two regional conferences & expos, which we certainly hope will prove of interest to you to attend depending on your locations and business interests. Heat Exchanger World Europe will be held at the RDM in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, October 7th–8th, followed by Heat Exchanger World USA at the LyondellBasell Center for Petrochemical, Energy, & Technology (CPET) at San Jacinto College in Pasadena, Texas, United States, November 18th–19th. If you would like to take part in the conference in Rotterdam then please see the Call for Papers on pages 27–30 this issue. Here you will find clear instructions as to how you can propose either a paper presentation or a workshop. The deadline date for submission of abstracts is February 29th so don’t forget to make a note in your agenda. If you would like to participate in the conference in Texas, please contact either Sarah Bradley ([email protected]) or Brittani Schroeder ([email protected]) for more information. This issue’s cover story comes from Teadit, a worldwide leader in the development and man-ufacture of critical sealing solutions. We talk to Chris Day, President of Teadit North America about the company’s quality product offering, expanding R&D capabilities, and recent product innovations in the heat exchanger market. From an end-user perspective we have a couple of contributions: one from Bob McKaig, a Process Engineer at Par Hawaii in Kapolei, Oahu, which relates about his role with heat exchangers and the challenges he faces in his daily work, the other is a summary of a workshop that occurred at the recent Stainless Steel World Conference & Expo held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, in November 2019) where panelists from both Shell and Sandvik highlighted many of the significant challenges facing heat exchangers used in critical duties in fundamental industries. On the subject of efficiency – a factor of major impor-tance in improving competitivity and reducing costs with regard to heat exchangers –we have two papers: ”Boosting CHP efficiency with gas-to-liquid technology” and “Efficient use of waste heat in air conditioning and process air”. On the technical side we look at the dairy industry and

the problems caused by milk fouling and the use of titanium for heat transfer in the chemical process industries. These are just some of the highlights of

this issue. We leave it to you to discover what you find the most useful and interesting, and please don’t forget to contact me with you feedback,

suggestions, and above all your abstracts for the Heat Exchanger World Europe event.

Very best regards,

John ButterfieldEditor of Heat Exchanger World Online & Print

[email protected].: +31 575 585 294


C a l e n da r

Calendar of forthcoming eventsSome important events occurring around the world for the heat exchanger community.

CALENDARof forthcoming events

Some important events occurring around the world for the heat exchanger community.

27–29 February 2020Acrex India 2020» The exhibition promises to provide and

deliver endless opportunities for companies to showcase their products, attend series of technical workshops by national and international speakers and exchange knowledge latest trends, directions and topics germane to HAVC and building services industry.Location: IEML, Greater Noida, Delhi NCRPh: 011- 29234925E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.acrex.in/home

16–18 March 2020Heat Exchange Engineering 2020» Heat Exchange Engineering will provide

delegates with a dedicated event where they can connect with experts and peers to gain knowledge and an understanding of best practice in industrial heat exchange including the following topics: energy efficiency, operational modelling, fouling mitigation, equipment construction, cost optimisation, equipment design, process control, heat exchanger maintenance and plant improvement.Location: Toronto, CanadaPh: +44 (0)1789 761 398Email: [email protected]: https://www.heatexchangeengineering.com/event/heat-exchange-engineering-2020

15-17 April 20205th International Conference on Experimental and Numerical Flow and Heat Transfer (ENFHT’20)» The goal of ENFHT’20 is to gather scholars

from all over the world to present advances in the relevant fields and to foster an environment conducive to exchanging ideas and information.Location: Lisbon, PortugalPh: +1-613-834-9999Email: [email protected]: https://enfht.com/

»

5–8 April 20205th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference» This conference is for professionals within the

thermal and fluids science and engineering community. It provides an international forum for the dissemination of the latest research and knowledge in the thermal and fluid sciences.Location: Sheraton Hotel, New Orleans, LA, USAPh: +1 212 288 9200E-mail: [email protected]: https://www.astfe.org/tfec2020

12–15 July 2020Summer Heat Transfer Conference» The conference will bring together international

researchers and engineers focusing on heat and mass transfer in a variety of applications. The program of SHTC2020 will include technical paper sessions, plenary lectures, committee meetings and social events.Location: Rosen Shingle Creek, Orlando, FL USAEmail: [email protected]: https://event.asme.org/SHTC

5 – 7 August 2020FLAME - 2020» The FLAME 2020 on-going mission to detect

novel trends in Thermal, Fluids, Energy and Process Engineering, Mechatronics, Control and Robotics, Material Science and Engineering, Solid Mechanics and Structural Engineering, Dynamics and control, Engineering Design, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Automobile Engineering.Location: Amity University Uttar Pradesh, NoidaPh: 0120-4392640, 0120-4392781Email: [email protected]: https://www.amity.edu/flame2020/

14-16 August 2020Int’l Conference on Heat Transfer and Thermophysics (HTT 2020)» The conference will be a reliable platform for

inspiring international and interdisciplinary exchange at the forefront of Heat Transfer and Thermophysics. It will bring together academicians, engineers, educators and policy-makers from all over the world.Location: Guilin, China.Email: [email protected]: https://www.wsaugust.org/conference/HTT2020/

16–18 August 20207th International Conference on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow» The conference aims to gather scholars

from all over the world to present advances in the relevant fields and to foster an environment conducive to exchanging ideas and information. This conference will also provide an ideal environment to develop new collaborations and meet experts on the fundamentals, applications, and products of the mentioned fields.Location: Prague, Czech RepublicPh: +1-613-834-9999Email: [email protected]: https://htffconference.com

16-20 August 2020The 8th International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer» This symposium provides a forum to

exchange ideas, methods and results in computational heat transfer.Location: Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPh: +90 (312) 210 5213Email: [email protected]: https://www.ichmt.org/cht-20

6–10 September 2020EUROTHERM2020» The aim of this conference is to promote

and to encourage European cooperation in thermal sciences and heat transfer by bringing together scientists and engineers working in specialized areas.Location: Lisbon, PortugalPh: +351-21 841 7186E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.eurotherm2020.pt

13–15 October 2020Chillventa 2020» Suppliers will present a compact display

of their components and systems, such as compressors, heat exchangers, fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning systems, insulation, and C&I, plus services for these sectors, which focus mainly on commercial and industrial applications.Location: Exhibition Centre, Nürnberg, GermanyPh: +49 9 11 86 06-81 95E-mail: [email protected]: https://www.chillventa.de/en


TENTConCOVER STORY: TEADIT: LEADING R&D CRITICAL PROCESS SEALING SOLUTIONS 10 BOOSTING CHP EFFICIENCY WITH GAS-TO-LIQUID TECHNOLOGY 14

WORKSHOP REPORT; HEAT EXCHANGERS CONNECTING INDUSTRY TOGETHER 17

MILK FOULING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS 21 THE USE OF TITANIUM FOR HEAT TRANSFER IN THE CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY 23 HEAT EXCHANGER WORLD CONFERENCE & EXPO: CALL FOR PAPERS 27

OVERSEEING REFINERY PROCESSES AT PAR HAWAII 32 EFFICIENT USE OF WASTE HEAT IN AIR CONDITIONING AND PROCESS AIR 36

THE BRIGHT FUTURE OF HEAT PIPE TECHNOLOGIES 38

HOW SUCCESS IN THE STATES HELPED A BRITISH START-UP ACHIEVE GLOBAL RECOGNITION 41

In every issue:

ADVERTISERS’ INDEX 3

CALENDAR OF FORTHCOMING EVENTS 4

PROJECT NEWS 6

PRODUCT NEWS 42 INDUSTRY NEWS 45


P ro j e c t N e w s

Alfa Laval wins SEK70M oil & gas order

Alfa Laval the heat transfer, centrif-ugal separation and fluid handling company has won an order for air cooled heat exchangers, to be installed in an oil and gas production facility in Kazakhstan. The order has a value of approximately SEK 70M and is booked in the Welded Heat Exchangers unit of the Energy Division. Deliveries are scheduled for 2020.

The order comprises Alfa Laval OLMI heat exchangers to be used in gas injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) at an oil and gas facility near the Tengiz field. The heat exchangers will be used in a demanding cooling application, han-dling high pressure and aggressive gas in the oil extraction process.“We have a broad range of reliable and energy efficient heat exchang-

ers. Our OLMI heat exchangers are among the toughest and durable and thereby well-suit-ed for this demanding EOR application,” says Susanne PahlénÅklundh, President of the Energy Division.

SPIG to supply cooling system for gas turbine power project

SPIG S.p.A. (SPIG), a subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc., has been awarded a contract by Renaissance Heavy Industries to de-sign and supply fin fan cooler heat exchangers for the Turkmenenergo 432 megawatt, gas turbine power plant project in Charjev etrap, Lebap Velayat region,Turkmenistan.“SPIG’s custom-designed cooling technologies are an ideal fit for many plants, especially natural gas facilities, in the rapidly developing Central Asia region,” said SPIG Man-aging Director Alberto Galantini. “SPIG offers an extensive range of turnkey cooling systems and can supply both mechanical and natural draft systems and designs.”“We appreciate our strong rela-tionship with Renaissance Heavy

Industries and thank them for the opportunity to work on this key in-frastructure project for the Republic of Turkmenistan,” Galantini said.SPIG’s experience includes wet, dry and wet/dry hybrid cooling solu-tions as dictated by site-specific re-quirements. The company’s cooling systems and designs can be tailored for a wide range of project specifi-cations such as high seismic loads, vibration control, corrosion, noise control, sub-freezing operation, and seawater use. Specialized services include preventive maintenance, equipment upgrades, replacement, and spare parts, online performance monitoring, and a commitment to research and development to con-tinually seek new and more efficient cooling system solutions.

NEWSProject

Accessen was invited to partici-pate in the initial design of the first central heating project in Guizhou Province, the Phase I central heating project in the “Sihengshuian” residential quarter in Yaxi Town, Bozhou District, Zunyi City and the scheme evaluation of the heat exchange part.Accessen had many field visits and technical exchanges for the conditions for this project. As a pilot project of central heating in the south, the total construction area of the Sihengshuian project is about 2700002 m. The heat source adopts the primary network steam delivered by the Yaxi power plant. The maximum temperature and pressure of the steam can reach 350° and 2.5MPa respectively. It is different from the traditional

water–water plate heat exchanger in the north. In order to overcome the special requirements of high temperature, high pressure and water quality of steam in the project, Accessen provided the design scheme of replacing the traditional water–water plate heat exchanger unit with the steam–water plate& shell heat exchanger unit, which was used to meet the heating demand of 1800002 m for residents and busi-nesses in four buildings (18 floors in each building).The plate and shell heat exchanger unit of Accessen is not only resistant to high temperature and high pres-sure, but also has lower energy con-sumption and better heat exchange effect compared with traditional tube heat exchangers.

A new application of clean energy heating in South China

Nederman MikroPul selected by Scania to supply heat exchangers

Scania, the provider of transport solutions, including trucks and buses for heavy transport applica-tions, is investing EUR 150M in a new foundry in Södertälje, Sweden. Scania plans to triple production ca-pacity and achieve a 50% reduction in energy consumption compared to the technology and methods used in the current foundry.Scania has selected Nederman MikroPul for the supply of six filter plants for air pollution control,

including heat exchangers on various work stations from melting to finishing, with a total volume flow of 1.254.000 Am3/h. The largest expected energy savings will be ob-tained through improvements in the casting process and recovery by heat exchangers, which will transfer heat from the exhaust to the supply air.“Our offer perfectly met Scania’s ambition towards more sustainable production. We are proud of being part of a project, which will set new

standards for modern manufac-turing in foundries,” said Markus Schilli, Managing Director Business Unit FS Systems.



IEC awards second contract to GE for HA gas turbine technology

GE announced today that it has re-ceived another order from Israel Electric Corporation (IEC), the largest generator and supplier of electricity in Israel, for a second 9HA.01 heavy-duty gas turbine. IEC is using GE’s HA gas turbine tech-nology at its Orot Rabin plant, located in Hadera, Israel, as part of the conversion of the existing power station from coal to gas generation. GE’s HA is the largest and most efficient gas turbine in the world and recently reached a milestone of 500,000 operating hours, continuing to be the fast-est-growing fleet of advanced turbines in the world.The order for the first unit, which is also the first HA gas turbine in Israel, was announced in 2019. In the latest order, GE will also provide a steam turbine, generator, heat recovery steam generator and balance of plant equipment as well as a 15-year multi-year services agree-ment. Once operational, the Orot Rabin combined cycle gas turbines are expected to be the largest and most efficient gas-fired power units in Israel, delivering up to 1,260MW, more than 8% of Israel’s current total power generation capacity.

Sandia analysis evaluating water saving technologies

The Palo Verde Nuclear Generat-ing Station near Phoenix converts heat from nuclear reactions into electricity. The heat boils water, creating steam that drives turbine generators. Steam leaving a turbine must be cooled and con-densed before it is reused.More than 40% of all the water used in the country is for wet cooling at power plants. Typically, large thermoelectric power plants are located near lakes or rivers so that operators can draw a regula ted amount of water, run it through a condenser to cool steam leaving the turbines, and dis-

charge roughly the same amount they withdrew.But the Palo Verde plant has limit-ed access to water because it is in the middle of a desert. Its cooling water is treated wastewater, which is becoming increasingly expen-sive as other customers who are willing to pay higher prices for wa-ter emerge. To curb rising costs, operators want to reduce the plant’s water use by about 9 mil-lion gallons a day. Annually, that savings is roughly equivalent to a 16 square mile pool of water one foot deep, said Bobby Middleton, a nuclear engineer at Sandia.

To reduce the plant’s water use, operators at Palo Verde first looked at commercially available solutions. When they realized that nothing available could meet their needs, they turned to Sandia Labs to help identify which cooling sys-tems under development might eventually offer the greatest water savings.To evaluate different emerging technologies, Middleton devel-oped software that combines the physics of the cooling process such as fluid flow, heat transfer, atmospheric evaporation and water treatment with the financial impact of different solutions.The wastewater that arrives at Palo Verde contains silica, calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions. These salts concentrate as the cooling water evaporates in the cooling system, possibly forming new minerals that might clog the cooling towers. Currently, opera-tors add lime, soda ash and acid to the wastewater before it enters the cooling tower to reduce the possibility of mineral formation.

Linde as LNG licensor of Greater Tortue Ahmeyim project

Linde announced recently that it has been selected as liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology licensor for phases 2 and 3 of the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim project, jointly developed by BP, Kosmos Energy, Société des Pétroles du Sénégal (PETROSEN), and Société Mauritanienne des Hydrocarbures et de Patrimoine Minier (SMHPM).Greater Tortue Ahmeyim, which will be operated by BP, is the deepest offshore project in Africa to date and is located offshore on the maritime border between

Mauritania and Senegal.Under the terms of the signed Master Agreement, Linde will provide tech-nology licensing services, based on the Linde MFC2® liquefaction technology. Linde will also manufac-ture and supply the related cryogenic coil-wound heat exchangers, subject to a future call-off.The Linde MFC2® liquefac-tion technology is both compact and highly energy-efficient,

making it well suited to offshore projects like Greater Tortue Ah-meyim.



Hydroniq’s coolers to the subsea cable installation vessel

Coolair Equipment Ltd is to bring the latest energy-efficient heating and cooling technology to one of Bir-mingham’s most prestigious office developments.The company’s Midlands operation, based in Cannock, has been awarded a £900,000 contract by Imtech Engineering Services Central on behalf of Wates Construction to help provide the best possible working conditions at Platform 21.The 10-storey building, formerly known as The Charters, is being refurbished to create 120,000 sq ft of Grade A office space and include a repositioned double height glazed reception in Stephenson Street facing New Street station.Coolair Equipment will provide state-of-the-art energy-efficient air

conditioning with heat recovery from Mitsubishi Electric that enables dif-ferent zones to be cooled and heated simultane-ously while also reducing building operating costs.As an accredited Dia-mond Quality Partner of Mitsubishi Electric, Coolair Equipment will supply and install 18 heat recovery variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems along with 218 ducted indoor fan coil units (FCUs).The company will also install a low-noise flexible direct exchange (DX) split system, with roof-level condensers, and 60 heat recovery ventilation Lossnay units to supply

fresh air to the ground to ninth floors while simultaneously extract-ing stale air and recovering its heat energy for maximum efficiency. Work on-site on the project is due for completion in the first quarter of 2020.

Coolair gets on track at platform 21 in Birmingham

GeoHex: the first RTD project for the Philippines

Project GeoHex, funded by European Union’s Ho-rizon 2020 research and innovation programme, is the first RTD project for the Philippines that highlights transcontinental technology transfer for the development of advanced materials for cost-effi-cient and enhanced heat exchanger performance in geothermal applications.Quantum Leap, a procurement and service company in the power sector from the Philippines and in con-junction with the Government of the Philippines, is working with experts from research institutes across UK and Europe to share cutting-edge technology towards building a sus-tainable renewable energy system. The technology transfer, as part of GeoHex project, aims to develop

heat exchanger (HX) materials addressing both the improvements in the anti-scaling and anti-corro-sion properties, as well as, the heat transfer performance of the HX ma-terial leading to more efficient and cost-effective systems. The reduced cost of geothermal plant based on GeoHex enabled HX, is proposed to significantly reduce the levelised cost of energy (LCOE), which will accelerate the growth of geothermal energy.

Meggitt announces an investment in HiETA Technologies

Meggitt (UK) Ltd, a subsidiary of Meggitt PLC, an international com-pany specializing in high-perfor-mance components and subsystems for the aerospace, defense, and selected energy markets, recently announced an investment in HiETA Technologies Ltd, a UK company with principal capabilities in metal additive manufacturing.The investment will accelerate the development of the next generation of thermal systems for aerospace and energy applications. It enables a new generation of high performance and light weight thermal systems to be brought to the market at a critical time for sustainable aviation and lower carbon power generation solutions.

Meggitt’s experience in design-ing and manufacturing advanced heat exchanger technologies for mission-critical aerospace and industrial applications complements HiETA Technologies’ experience in designing and using additive manu-facturing to build high-performance components for aerospace, defense, and motorsport applications.

Norwegian shipyard Ulstein Verft has contracted Hydroniq Coolers to deliver the seawater cooling system to a cable lay vessel it is construct-ing for Nexans Subsea Operations.The CLV Nexans Aurora will play a vital role in the installation of Nex-ans’ HV submarine cables that will connect offshore wind farms to the grid, supporting the electrification

of offshore petroleum installations and creating interconnectors between countries.Under the contract, Aalesund-based Hydroniq Coolers will supply its Pleat seawater cooling system for the CLV Nexans Aurora. The Pleat coolers will provide

cooling of the vessel’s main engine and auxiliary systems through the use of seawater. Hydroniq Coolers has not disclosed the value of the contract. The patented Pleat is a module-based titanium cooler for seawater to freshwater, with design pressure 6 bars and a design tem-perature of 0-95°C.

Marine cooling systems are utilised to reduce temperatures in the ship’s engines and other auxiliary systems through the use of seawater to avoid overheating of the engine and other critical systems. Hydroniq Coolers will manufacture to assemble the Pleat cooler at its headquarters in Aalesund, Norway, and deliver it to Ulstein Verft in Ulsteinvik, Norway.CLV Nexans Aurora is a DP3 cable laying vessel that will be outfitted for power cable laying, including bundle laying, cable jointing and repair, and cable system protection and trenching. The vessel is devel-oped for operations in rough weath-er and has high manoeuvrability and station keeping capabilities.

Air Energy Meters and Volume Flow Solutions – For both Air Conditioning and Process Air

Luftmeister GmbH – www.luftmeister.de / +49 7661 – 38 49 885

Do you know what thermal capacities your hot air processes provide?

No problem – ask the inventors of the „Air Energy Meter“

Chinese nuclear heating project starts up

Shandong Nuclear Power Company (SDNPC) a subsidiary of State Pow-er Investment Corporation (SPIC) and the owner of the Haiyang plant announced that, following a few days of trial operation, the demon-stration district heating system had officially been put into operation.The system extracts non-radio-active steam from the secondary circuit of the two Haiyang AP1000 units, which is then fed through a multi-stage heat exchanger in an on-site heat exchange station. This heat is then fed to an off-site heat exchange station belonging to local thermal company Fengyuan Ther-mal Power, from where heated water flows through municipal heating pipes to consumers. The system will initially heat 700,000 square metres of housing this winter, including SD-NPC’s dormitory and some residents of Haiyang.

This use of nuclear energy heating is expected to avoid the use of 23,200 tonnes of coal annually, cutting emissions of soot by 222 tonnes, of sulfur dioxide by 382 tonnes, of nitrogen oxide by 362 tonnes and of carbon dioxide by 60,000 tonnes.The Haiyang Nuclear Energy Heat-ing Project is expected to provide heating to the entire Haiyang city by 2021.



Greenfield projects help sustain market growth

Emergence of greenfield projects in Asia-Pacific to help sustain long-term market growth, finds Frost & Sullivan.While the US-China trade war and downturn in the oil and gas sector have dampened investments in the heat exchangers market, particularly in North America, the growth of the Asia-Pacific (APAC) market is providing a much-required impetus. Regional growth, along with positive economic activity and increased investments in the energy sector, is expected to drive the market from USD 13.67bn in 2018 to USD 17.33bn in 2024, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.0%.Frost & Sullivan’s recent analysis, Global Heat Exchangers Market,

Forecast to 2024, examines the key growth drivers, restraints, product segments, and end-user industries in the regions of North America, Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), APAC, and the Rest of World (RoW). It covers the product segments of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, air-cooled heat exchangers, gasketed plate-and-frame heat exchangers, brazed plate heat exchangers, all-welded plate heat exchangers, and cooling tower systems. It also includes a CEO’s 360-degree perspective, highlights future growth opportunities, and presents the strategic imperatives that need to be implemented to make the most of these opportu-nities.

Air Energy Meters and Volume Flow Solutions – For both Air Conditioning and Process Air

Luftmeister GmbH – www.luftmeister.de / +49 7661 – 38 49 885

Do you know what thermal capacities your hot air processes provide?

No problem – ask the inventors of the „Air Energy Meter“

Atommash manufactured steam generators for Kudankulam NPP

The Branch of JSC AEM-technology Atommash in Volgodonsk (a part of the machine-building subdivision of ROSATOM – JSC Atomenergomash) has finished the production of steam generators set for the Unit No. 4 of Kudankulam NPP in India.A steam generator belongs to the Items of safety class 1. The steam generator vessel is a horizontal cylindrical vessel with two elliptical bottoms, in the middle part of which there are collectors for the supply and discharge of hot coolant. The di-ameter is more than 4 m; the length of the equipment is about 15m. The weight of one steam generator is 340 tons.Three heat-exchange Items were

shipped to the NPP under construc-tion in 2019, the forth Item will be shipped to the customer construc-tion site in April 2020 when the navigation season is open.The production cycle of steam generator PGV-1000M manufacture takes more than two years from the start of metallurgical blanks produc-tion to the shipment. To produce one Item it is required to use 340 kg of welding strip, 5.5 tons of the weld-ing electrodes and 8 tons of welding wire. 11 thousand heat-exchange tubes with a total length of approxi-mately 130 km are welded inside the steam generator. The total length of the welds is more than 1 km.


C ov e r Sto ry

Since its establishment in 1958, Teadit has expanded its production and distribution network across 52 countries. The company has experienced significant growth in recent years, with dedicated locations spanning from the USA (Texas), to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and Campinas), Argentina (Buenos Aires and Bahia Blanca), India (Vadodara), Austria (Kufstein), Germany (Köln), and China (Shanghai). The Teadit Group is recognized worldwide as a leader in the development and manufacturing of innovative prod-ucts for critical fluid sealing processes in many industries including the Refining, Chemical Processing, Pulp and Paper, and Power Generation. Teadit has helped several

customers achieve the goal of a leak-free environment within their facilities while constantly investing in R&D to keep up with the evolving industry needs. Teadit is relied upon by many of the country’s top heat exchanger manufacturers for their products and techni-cal expertise. Depending on the industrial sector, service, and heat exchanger type, the gasket recommended and supplied changes. Some designs utilize metal gaskets in-cluding spiral wound gaskets, camprofile serrated gaskets, corrugated gaskets, and double jacketed gaskets. It is also common to use Teadit sheet gaskets or soft gaskets in heat exchangers including compressed fiber, filled PTFE, and ex-panded PTFE. Gaskets are supplied with torque values and assembly instructions by their engineering department when requested. Teadit is a Master Distribution Partner

As a worldwide

development and

manufacturing leader

of critical process

sealing solutions, Teadit

continues to exceed

customer expectations

by providing high-quality

service, impressive

testing capabilities,

and a full line of award-

winning products that

are guaranteed to meet

the demands of the most

stringent environments.

Serving the refining,

petrochemical and power

generation industries,

among others, Teadit’s

extensive research and

development (R&D)

group has continuously

developed new products,

helping many end-users

achieve facility emission

goals.

Heat Exchanger World

spoke with Chris Day,

President of Teadit

North America, about

the company’s high-

quality product offering,

expanding R&D

capabilities, and recent

product innovations

for the heat exchanger

market.


By Sarah Bradley & Stephanie Matas


C ov e r Sto ry

of Jet Lube and supplies the thread lubricant Jet Lube 550 Extreme to ensure that the flanges are assembled using accurate torque values with accurate friction factors.

Award-winning productsTeadit camprofile gaskets have become the most popular gasket utilized in shell and tube heat exchangers. They can produce a reliable seal and avoid field application issues that other more traditional solutions, such as double jacketed and corrugated, are not able to address. They are designed to maintain seal integrity under pressure and temperature fluctuations, flange rotation, and bolt stress relaxation. Teadit camprofile gaskets are constructed from a precision serrated metallic core with a soft facing materi-al bonded to each side, either flexible graphite or expanded

« North American Headquarters in Pasadena, Texas, USA.

« Mr. Chris Day, President of Teadit North Americas.


« Teadit Style 942 camprofile with graphite facing, a robust design generally used for high-temperature and high-pressure applications.

« Teadit Style 942 camprofile with PTFE facing, a design utilized for high-pressure applications, as well as extreme chemical resistance.


C ov e r Sto ry

PTFE. Teadit camprofile vessel gaskets are used in all major industrial sectors in heat exchangers, but they can also be found in standard piping as well. For applications that require a high degree of chemical resistance and low stress-to-seal, Teadit 25BI gasket tape, has raised the bar for what should be expected out of ex-panded PTFE gasket tape. Due to its excellent malleability and adaptability, it is particularly well suited to compen-sate for irregularities or damages on the sealing areas and can easily bend around the radius of a round flange. A propriety manufacturing process results strong tensile strength in both the longitudinal and cross direction. As a result of this, the material does not change its width under compression. “Because of this property, it is extremely well suited as a gasket material for narrow sealing areas and in all applications where a defined gasket width (under load) is required, such as enamelled and glass-lined flanges, heat exchangers, large flanges and containers, pressure vessels, suction filters and strainers, etc.,” said Day.

Ever-evolving R&DTeadit considers themselves a market-driven R&D com-pany, “This means that the market is going to dictate to us what we develop. We do not want to sit in our labs and

come up with something, then see if we can sell it. If a product holds no value in the customer’s eyes, there really is no reason to bring it to them. ‘Market-driven’sounds like a buzzword, but we live by it,” commented Day.When searching for materials, Teadit is very integrated with the end-user either directly or through their distribu-tion partners. “A lot of plant employees communicate with us directly, especially in the Houston industrial region” ex-plained Day. “Outside of Houston, we still strive to main-tain direct contact, but much of it is with and through our distribution partners. We will accompany our distribution partners into different facilities to talk to the engineers, planners, and maintenance personnel to find out what their needs are and any challenges they face.”Teadit’s research facilities receive feedback from all over the world. “We want to be the primary reference and prime choice for fluid sealing advice,” said Day. “When considering what projects to consider working on, we talk to different customers all over the world. We get their feedback and organize that information in a matrix of pri-orities in order to see what would be the easiest to develop with the quickest and greatest potential for success.”Teadit’s quarterly meetings bringing together their global directors and technical experts to share and exchange information, to maintain consistency amongst their world-wide locations. “We always look for opportunities to use what could have been developed elsewhere,” commented Day.

Leaders in technological innovationIt is important for Teadit to set the benchmark for the industry, rather than playing catch-up with their compet-itors. “For a long time, the U.S. market never really knew who Teadit was. Everyone seemed to think we were only in Brazil, as we were the dominant market share player down there, taking very good care of our customers, helping them meet whatever challenges they encountered,” said Day. “We knew we had to do something differently in the

» Teadit Style 25BI gasket tape used for fragile flanges, extreme chemical service, large diameters,

and/or custom-shaped flanges.

» Teadit considers themselves a market-driven R&D company,

“This means that the market is going to dictate to us what we develop. We do not want to sit in our labs and come up with

something, then see if we can sell it. If a product holds no value in

the customer’s eyes, there really is no reason to bring it to them, says

Chris Day.


C ov e r Sto ry

US, to allow us to be accepted here, too.”Teadit quickly realized the market was not just focused on lower pricing, but lower total cost of ownership. “If we can provide a better, longer lasting solution with quality ser-vice, it outweighs product price,” said Day. “We are always looking to elevate Teadit in the eyes of our customers.” Teadit is also recognized as one of the leading manu-facturers of standard pipe size and pressure class spiral wound gaskets. “To my knowledge, we are the only global manufacturer that does the level of product evaluation and testing that we do for the standard size and class range. This allows us to ensure that all the standards that we put forth meet or exceed the new performance specifications mandated,” said Day.Teadit’s flagship packing product, style 2236, was born from the desire to create a better product for the mar-ket. “We saw an opportunity to make things simpler for our customers - a single material making up a complete packing set providing the best emissions results at that time. The simplest solution for the best results,” said Day. “Our customers are the driving force behind our advanced testing capabilities and market-driven R&D initiatives.”

In-house testing capabilitiesThe Teadit Group has robust in-house testing capabilities in all the regions that it serves. This testing includes com-pression and leakage monitoring for metal gaskets, ranging from ½” to 18-inches in size, across multiple pressure classes. “This gives us the ability to not only measure how good our gaskets are, but measure the effectiveness of process improvements we develop,” said Day. “When we first started testing, we saw that we were, what I consider, in the middle of the road. We did things about as well as everybody else and in about the same way.”Teadit then started looking at incorporating improvements into different aspects of the gaskets based on a variety of variables that affected ultimate sealing ability. They found that those variables sometime fit together in different ways, to produce different results. “We finally got the right combination that would enable the parts to perform very well, but this testing dictated a lot of tweaking of our processes,” commented Day. “We’re testing up to fifty gaskets per week in our facilities to make sure that we can validate our performance and continue to look for opportu-nities to improve performance. It gives us a very clear indicator of where we are and where we need to be.” Day stands behind the company’s testing procedures. “This evaluation process is something nobody else is doing, but everyone should be. We have reached a critical point where we want to continue to differentiate ourselves in the market. We are a high quality, high volume production

manufacturer with the ability to really dictate the future of the sealing products industry.”In-house testing is critical to Teadit, because it is one of their major differentiators from competing manufacturers. “As long as we remain focused on the fact that it is all about quality, we will forge ahead. We must be able to test our product; go out into the shop, make it faster, and lower costs. It is all about performance, in everything that we do. In-house testing gives us the ability to experiment with production efficiencies, we put a lot of emphasis into and behind our testing, and we do it well,” stated Day.Typical gasket testing is conducted in two phases – de-structive, and then performance. The first phase involves conducting a destructive test, where multiple pieces are destroyed, to ensure full compliance to specification construction requirements. In the second phase, leakage tests and compression tests are performed to ensure the specification requirements are met per ASME B16.20 (2017). Testing lasts approximately four hours from start to finish. For this evaluation, Teadit has logged data now for the last four years, which gives operators a backlog of case studies to extract information from if they do ever encounter a problem.Day mentioned the group has two testing rigs in North America, two in Brazil, and one in India. “We can conduct twenty gasket tests per week here – and can do twenty in Brazil, and ten in India. We are testing a wide range of sizes to ensure consistency. We want to make sure that wherever we are producing a product, it holds the same caliber of performance regardless of the manufacturing site. Everyone is starting to demand this in the industry – quality control across the globe,” said Day.

Looking aheadWhen asked about the future of the industry, Day is hopeful for future generations. He maintains that it is not difficult to produce great quality products over lower quality items. “With genuine and sincere effort, the price to produce and the price to procure can both be about the same, it is almost negligent to supply to the market without proven quality gaskets and packing these days,” said Day. “If we stop emissions, we’re stopping the loss of product, right? It’s the product that’s going in the air rath-er than going through the piping. We need refineries and industry to thrive, but I also want this world to be around for my grandkids to enjoy. We get too caught up in our day-to-day routine to really worry about this thing called a ‘carbon footprint’, but it’s important,” commented Day. “It’s important for our future and I want to make a differ-ence. That is what is cool about being part of a company like Teadit, they help me accomplish this!” «

« Many of Teadit’s sealing solutions are for very unique pieces of equipment.


C as e St u dy

Boosting CHP efficiency with gas-to-liquid technology

Looking at how Hubert Tippkötterre-uses the

heat produced from the electricity generated in its combined heat

and power systems to increase the efficiency of

the system as a whole.

Hubert Tippkötter GmbH is a designer and manufacturer of complete combined heat and power (CHP) systems. The company has been in operation since 1970. Based in Warendorf, Germany, it engineers flexible solutions that generate anywhere from 30 to 2100 kw of electrical power, and which are fully adapted to match specific customer circumstances.By simultaneously generating electricity and re-using the resulting heat, CHP, or cogeneration, is a highly efficient solution for a number of modern applications. Like all CHP manufac turers, Tippkötter works to optimize its technology and maximize the efficiency out of its systems. This has included considering a number of new methods to take advantage of the heat transfer involved in cooling modified turbo-charged engines that drive the systems. However, this is easier said than done. CHP systems typically use air–air coolers, with ambient air cooling the engine’s compressed charge air to the required inlet temperature of 75°C. It has traditionally been difficult – if not outright impossible – to reuse the energy generated through this process due to the challenges of working with gas media. As a result, there have been limits to the potential efficiency that can be achieved with the system as a whole.

The optimal charge air cooler solutionThe company has been able to overcome these challenges by equipping their CHP plants with Alfa Laval gas-to-liquid plate heat exchangers. In contrast to traditional air–air cooler technology, Alfa Laval’s gas-to-liquid design makes it possible to use water as the cooling medium. This improves the overall energy balance by as much as 5% of the engine’s power.

By Aaron Kahn, Pyramid Agency, United Kingdom


C as e St u dy

GL model heat exchangers use cold water in a countercur-rent flow arrangement to cool a relatively smaller amount of compressed charge air to the correct inlet tempera-ture. An additional advantage of the GL design is that all connections are integrated in the unit, including two connections for gas, two for water and one for condensate. The result is an ultra-compact heat exchanger, which makes installation easier, quicker and more cost-effective for Tippkötter and allows them to provide a smaller system footprint for their customers. The use of Alfa Laval GL gas-to-liquid heat exchangers has played a major role in Tippkötter’s ongoing development to drive forward the optimization of their CHP technology. Customers are therefore able to benefit from a cogenera-tion efficiency of 91% or even higher. «

« The prototype heat exchanger in the lab.

«« GL100 heat exchanger model.Water out53.5°C

Water in1.0 m3/h49°C

Hot gas out 105°C

Hot gas in100kg/h421°C

Condensate 5.6 l/h

Example specifications for the Tippkötter CHP systemEngineEngine type: DieselMotor power: 120 kWElectrical power: 50 kW

Heat exchangerType: Alfa Laval GL gas-to-liquid brazed plate heat exchangerMaterial: Stainless steel with copper brazingNumber of plates: 10H x W x D: 320 x 727 x 48 mmWeight: 22 kg

www.aperam.com - [email protected] preferred stainless supplier

Aperam - your partner for industrial applicationsFrom oil & gas to desalination, chemical processing and construction, Aperam is the supplier of choice for a wide range of industrial projects. We offer an extensive range of duplex stainless steels available in dimensions up to 10 mm thick and 2 m wide as flat products (coils, strips & sheets) - each backed by our in-depth knowledge and industry-leading expertise.

Chemicals

Water

Oil & GasBuilding

& Construction

Flexible

ProcessEquipment

Tank

Tank Beam

Facade

Evaporator

Umbilical

Pipe Tube


C o n f e r e n c e D i s c u s s i o n

By David Sear

BackgroundThe workshop was a collaborative effort from Barinder Ghai and Bernardo Siza Vieira (both Sandvik Materials Technology), together with Shell’s Arjan Woerden and Willem Maarten van Haaften. The meeting was facilitat-ed by John Butterfield (KCI Publishing). Barinder acted as moderator, inviting expert comments from Bernardo, Arjan and Willem Maarten whilst ensuring all participants had ample opportunity to raise questions and contribute to discussions.

Presentation structureThe heart of the workshop was formed by three top-lev-el topics: 1) what are the current challenges with heat exchangers? 2) What are the factors influencing upgrading from low alloy to duplex stainless steels/high-nickel al-loys? 3) What are the current limitations when upgrading?

For convenience, each topic was further broken down into a series of short questions. This write-up follows the same structure, presenting comments from the panel and audience per topic and per question.

Topic one: what are the current challenges with heat exchangers?1: Quality assurance- “My company has well-defined Design Engineering

Practices which nicely indicate relevant QA issues. How-ever, I wonder whether others in the supply chain have access to equivalent details.” End user

- “Do end users sometimes rely too much on accrued knowledge? Using internal standards drawn up in the 1950s can be a major hindrance.” Consultant

- “I am often submerged under quality documents submitted by end users. They take a long time to sort through with many proving irrelevant. End users should indicate which quality documents are applicable and which are not.” Tube supplier

» Top row from left to right: Arjan Woerden, Shell, The Netherlands;

Willem Maarten van Haaften, Shell, The Netherlands; Barinder Ghai , Sandvik, UK; bottom row

from left to right: John Butterfield, KCI Publishing, The Netherlands;

and Bernardo Siza Vieira, Sandvik, Portugal.

During the Stainless Steel World 2019 Conference

& Exhibition, which was held in Maastricht, The

Netherlands, November 26–28, a special workshop

was dedicated to the huge variety of heat exchangers that perform critical duties in fundamental industries.

Over sixty participants freely shared their

experiences with an expert panel.

Workshop report: heat exchangers connecting industry together



- “Why can’t I speak directly to end users? I often have to work via three or four intermediaries in the chain, which unnecessarily complicates getting answers to questions.” Primary product supplier

- “Heat exchangers are not commodity products. I recom-mend that everyone involved should check all details in advance.” Fabricator.

- API standards are my starting point. If a tailor-made product is needed I discuss critical issues with the man-ufacturer and we jointly modify the standard specifica-tions. My tip to ensure heat exchangers work as expected is to buy from a reliable manufacturer to start with. And even then you must pay close attention to quality control!” End user

- “For us it is equally important to visit pipe mills regu-larly and to perform our own quality assurance checks.” Heat exchanger manufacturer

- “A lack of regular inspection and cleaning can lead to many heat exchanger problems. Maintenance crews used to inspect equipment much more regularly, at the same time cleaning the tubes and conducting small repairs. With today’s risk based inspection there is an assumption that heat exchangers are working fine. The only people who ever see them regularly are the process technicians and they have not been told to conduct inspections let alone cleaning!” End user

2: Fabrication issues- “There are sufficient documents explaining how to weld

even the most exotic of alloys; it is simply a question of applying them.” Fabricator

- “Time is often the critical factor. In a process facility we need to replace leaking heat exchangers right away. A lack of time for planning is a feeding ground for prob-lems.” End user

- “We purchase equipment for end user clients using a policy of zero based execution. Hence we refer to indus-try recognized standards such as ASME and NACE for heat exchangers, impressing on end users that putting their own extra standards to one side helps to get a qual-ity product in the required timeframe.” EPC

- “Globalisation is driving many fabricators to invest in novel technologies that promise to be faster and cheaper. If there is no time to iron out the teething problems in new technology that can create headaches later on.” Heat exchanger manufacturer

3: Operating conditions- “In addition to the standard operating conditions you

should also consider upset conditions, possible fouling and also feed flexibility. So materials engineers must never work in isolation but should always be talking to process engineering, the project department, the fabrica-tors and the inspector.” End user

- “Designing a heat exchanger which will meet future needs is a real challenge, and it can be hard to justify extra outlay for more exotic alloys.” End user

- “Thirty years ago heat exchangers were either carbon steel or rusty carbon steel! Now even duplexes are being specified, often simply as a way to keep process systems up and running. For a new grade is to be commercially successful parties in the supply chain must cooperate to ensure the ready availability of all the standard products that could be needed.” End user

4: Life cycle costs- After identifying corrosion in a heat exchanger I

proposed three or four solutions, including renovation and upgrading. All were perceived to be too expensive! People holding the purse strings simply don’t look at the long term.” End user

- “What should be included during life cycle costing? Conducting inspections every three months could be costing EUR 280,000 per year! Factor that in and the case for investing in a corrosion resistant alloy is more easily made.” End user

- “If your carbon steel product is failing every two to three years then it is definitely time to consider stainless steel.” End user

5: Material selection- “Issues which are important are surely costs, corrosion

issues and thermal properties.” Tube manufacturer- “Not all fabricators seem to know how to correctly weld

or pickle certain alloys.” End user

6: Availability of product forms- “2205 duplex in all product forms is easily obtained in

Western Europe, making it suitable for grassroots pro-jects. The position can be very different in Asia and the US.” End user with global responsibilities

- “In Europe you can find good fabricators such that a 2205 duplex heat exchanger is price competitive to 316 stainless steel and can be delivered in under three months. Alloy 59 heat exchangers can also be obtained but take from six to eight months. That is not likely in the United States.” End user

» A tube sheet being cleaned. Photo: Hammelmann



- “Finding tubes is easy; locating tube sheets in exotic alloys is the issue. Instead of a forged tube sheet I will often accept a cast alloy plate or a carbon-steel plate with a corrosion allowance.” End user

Topic two: factors influencing a potential upgrade from low alloys to higher alloys1: Why upgrade?- “The timescale is key. If a refinery is to operate for

another fifty years the case to invest in nickel alloys is easier to make.” End user

- “In addition to solving corrosion problems, upgrading to higher alloys can help increase your operating window and feedstock flexibility.” End user

- “Environmental concerns are also a reason to upgrade to duplex stainless steel. Take closed cooling water systems where chemicals are used to maintain water quality. Leaks need to be prevented to ensure no chemicals are released into the environment. In such cases my managers agree to using duplex for heat exchangers with no questions asked. The same applies if there is even the smallest chance of hydrocarbons entering the environ-ment.” End user

- “In the food and dairy industry our concern is to prevent leaks from contaminating a product destined for human consumption.” End user

2: Issues with life cycle costing- “If life cycle costs are correctly calculated then higher al-

loys can save money in the long run. The challenge is to change people’s mindsets. I have seen inspection teams still checking Alloy 625 heat exchangers even though we tell them that these items are designed to run without maintenance for longer periods of time. It is therefore important to record experiences with new alloys and build up a trust base so that future inspections can be scaled back.” End user

- “Beware also of phantom damage. Inspection sometimes suggests that tube walls have thinned slightly, but such local thinness can also be due to manufacturing intoler-ances.” End user

- “Life cycle costing is based on current knowledge and does not consider future changes. Take the catalysts be-ing developed to widen the operating window of existing facilities, enabling more contaminated feed stock to be accepted. We have no idea what effect this could have in terms of corrosion.” End user

3: Weight savings- “Using duplex can save weight which is handy for

offshore facilities but less interesting onshore and espe-cially in replacement situations where the civil structure is already in place. Nevertheless, using duplex can make sense for modules built overseas requiring transport to the jobsite.” EPC

- “With duplex you can use thinner walled tubes which makes welding easier and reduces labour costs.” Fabri-cator.

- “To replace a heat exchanger the simplest option is a like-for-like replacement. In addition to alternative alloys you can also consider different designs, such as spiral or plate heat exchangers.” End user

4: Energy transition- “New alloys can surely help generate more efficient heat

exchangers.” End user- “The alloy chemistry can be tweaked to improve heat

exchanger efficiency. However, shorter lines are needed between all parties to create synergies.” Supplier

- “The new generations do not want dirty technology. My children are already now quizzing me about my work in a refinery and why we have not yet bought an electric car. We all recognize the need for change, but the question is, who is going to take ownership of this change.” End user

HEAT EXCHANGER WORLD 2020

Heat Exchanger World Europe will organize a Conference & Exhibition, October 7–8, 2020, in the RDM at Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The event will provide a meeting ground for professionals working in the heat exchanger supply chain to address key issues in their industry. Important aims of the event will be to present the latest developments in various heat-exchanger related industries and to promote a setting that will enhance the transfer of knowledge and experience.

The goal is to: 3■ Present the latest developments and best practices in industrial heat exchangers; 3■ Connect experts and peers to gain and improve knowledge;3■ Further develop end-user understanding of specialist equipment ;3■ Introduce new and potential clients and promote new products and projects.

The conference will look to the future of the supply chain and the changing needs of the industry but at the same time will also contain hands-on workshops where new skills can be learnt and understanding can be built up.

Possible topics may include in alphabetical order: Cleaning; Cost optimization; Energy efficiency; Equipment construction; Equipment design & speci-fication; Fouling & fouling mitigation; Heat exchanger systems & cooling systems in all their various forms; Hydraulic and industrial processes; Inspection & reliability; Maintenance & plant improve-ment; Material selection; Operational modelling; and Process control & efficiency.

If you would like more information about the conference contact: John Butterfield, [email protected], tel.: +31 575 585 294 or the exhibition contact: Kamiel van Wijk, [email protected], tel.: +31 575 585 289.

» Tube sheet welding in progress. Photo: POLYSOUDE1


Topic three: current limitations when upgrading

1: Budget constraints- “Financial issues are certainly a constraint to improv-

ing heat exchanger designs but a bigger hurdle is that none of my customers wants to be the first to try new technologies.” EPC

2: Lack of experience / references“Carbon steel and low alloy steel are no longer the stand-ard material for heat exchangers in refineries but a new standard has yet to be determined.” End user

3: Lack of competitive fabrication“An advantage of plate heat exchangers is that no welding is required.” EPC

4: Other aspects- “Companies in Asia seemed more motivated to upgrade

materials than their counterparts in Europe. But as always plant profitability at the time investments are needed is key.” End user

- “Government action can also drive change. For example, the Dutch government is promoting the use of geother-mal energy to warm houses. That could create a huge in-crease in demand for plate heat exchangers.” Consultant

- “Plate heat exchangers can be prone to carbide corrosion,

so can that be solved by improvements in materials and design.” End user

- “When helping the environment you must consider the broader picture. Adding vegetable oils during diesel production can cause future corrosion issues.” End user.

- “If change is too fast some groups may feel disenfran-chised.” End user

- “Heat exchangers have long been in existence but this sector is and will remain diverse and full of challenges!” Tube supplier

Take-awaysAfter the workshop, the panel agreed that the following key conclusions/recommendations could be drawn from the session:

Increase efficiency• Effectiveness can be gained by having suppliers,

fabricators and end-users talking to each other at an early stage, especially when using new or higher grade materials

Promote high-grade materials• The application of high grade materials is difficult from

a cost perspective. Addressing the full life cycle of heat exchangers could help although high grade materials will always be more expensive in the short term

• Best way forward for industry is to jointly review the issues with heat exchangers with a shorter life cycle (requiring replacement every two to three years) and to-gether to select the Next Best Alternative that enhances the life cycle with limited impact on the long term cost

• Innovation and new material development for heat ex-changers is key and requires more input from end users /EPCs, such as in joint industry projects

• A cost effective material is required that lies between austenitics/duplex and high-nickel alloys which would help reduce the overall cost of the heat exchanger and subsequent project

Reduce variability during upgrades• The sheer number of variables to take into account when

considering upgrading a carbon steel heat exchanger can paralyse the project. In the current global climate, the key is to start from like-for-like replacement and consider three variables only:

I. Life-cycle cost for a higher grade material (including necessary inspections needed when replacement is like-for-like)

II. Better efficiency/reduced carbon footprint for a higher grade material (energy transition)

III. Increased operating window flexibility for a higher grade material.

Consider alternative designs• It is vitally important to take a broad perspective when

upgrading/replacing shell and tube heat exchangers. The best option could be to replace a shell and tube heat ex-changer with a spiral type or plate type heat exchanger, with or without a material upgrade

• The question should always be asked: “what if I could design this heat exchanger from scratch”? «

» A dismantled plate heat exchanger. Photo: RomanM82

ONGOING DIALOGUE VIA HEAT EXCHANGER WORLD

Thanking the audience for their active participation, both Barinder and John indicated they would work tirelessly to facilitate further discussions promoting the effective use of heat exchangers.John also drew attention to a new four-channel platform, Heat Exchanger World, which can be found at: https://www.heat-exchanger-world.com/. Back issues of Heat Exchanger World can be requested from [email protected]



Fo u l i n g

Milk fouling in heat exchangers

By Davi Sampaio Correia

Milk basicsMilk is a complex fluid. Its main components are water, lactose, fat, protein and minerals, but their relative quantities vary with genetics, season, nutrition, and level of production, to name a few. Many process routes are required to render the various dairy products: butter, cheese, condensed milk, yogurt, etc. For this article, we will limit ourselves to the pasteurization route, as it is one of the most common.Pasteurization is a “process of heating fluid milk products to render them safe for human consumption by destroy-ing the disease-producing organisms (pathogens). The process inactivates approximately 95% of all microorgan-isms in milk” [1]. The scientist Louis Pasteur is the epo-nym of the process, after having discovered that microbes could be killed in wine by raising its temperature below the boiling point. Pasteurization has one more advantage, aside from making milk safe for human consumption: it can improve shelf-life up to 16 days [2].Two processes are used to reach the goals above: batch or continuous, each employing different combinations of temperature and time. Of the two, the continuous process is the one more widely used due to its economic advan-tages. In this method, the heat treatment is commonly accomplished with a plate heat exchanger heating the milk to temperatures above 60°C. When milk is heated above this temperature, milk fouling starts to form.Fouling can be defined as the continuous accumulation of undesired material on the heat exchanger surfaces (See Fig. 1). For milk, this undesired material is mainly composed of calcium phosphate and whey protein [3]. In the dairy industry, every end product requires heating in some part of the process. These deposits cause severe impact on the plant’s economy, as they hamper heat transfer, increase resistance to flow (and if dislodged, they may cause contamination), and enhance pressure drop. As the equipment’s performance steadily declines, a point is reached where insufficient heat affects product quality during steps such as pasteurization and sterilization. Before this moment, the equipment must be taken offline for cleaning.

In an interesting parallel with oil & gas, the cost of cleaning milk related heat exchangers is relatively low when compared to the cost of halting production. And in contrast with oil & gas, fouling triggered shutdowns are more related to product quality than heat exchanger per-formance [3]. According to [4], “milk fouling is so rapid that heat exchangers need to be cleaned every day to maintain production capability and efficiency and meet strict hygiene standards. And about 80% of the total production costs in the dairy industry can be attributed to fouling and cleaning of the process equipment”.

Types of heat exchangersThere are basically three types of heat exchanger used in the dairy industry: plate, tubular and scraped-sur-face. Plate heat exchanger (PHE) is the most common, due to its relatively higher convection coefficient, lower propensity of fouling (high turbulence), easy of cleaning and compactness (Fig. 2). “Tubular heat exchangers can be used when long running times are essential (Figure 3). Scraped-surface heat exchangers (Fig. 4) are used for viscous products” [5].

Dealing with FoulingTwo recent mitigation techniques have been selected as examples of how the dairy industry is dealing with fouling. One is based on treatments for the heat surface and other is based on the elimination of the heat surface altogether.Surface properties like roughness, composition and surface energy are known to affect fouling behavior [3]. For example, the strength at which the deposits adhere to the metal surface can be reduced “by either decreasing

» Fig. 1. Milk fouling on the inlet and outlet of a heat exchanger

after an eight-hour run. Source: http://antifoulinghe.com/

marketplace/

Some heat exchangers are used in very distinct

industries with basically the same design. Take

the Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) for example.

Companies in Oil & Gas and Food Processing employ

this equipment, but the solutions developed in each field to cope with problems do not necessarily migrate

between both industries. Even the manufacturers

tend to segment their business lines and

correspondent technical representatives, which

may further prevent the flow of information. In this

article, we look at some of the heat exchangers

used in the dairy industry and the solutions that

have been developed for some of their problems.

We hope that some of the ideas listed here can help

engineers come up with new approaches for the

challenges they face in their respective scenarios.

»» Fig. 2. Plate heat exchanger [5].


Fo u l i n g

the surface energy of the metal or by coating the metal surface with low surface energy materials” [6]. One coating process that has gained much favor in the food industry is electroless plating of nickel based alloys. Electroless plating “is an autocatalytic method in which the reduction of the metallic ions in the solution and the film deposition can be carried out through the oxidation of a chemical compound present in the solution itself, i.e., a reducing agent, which supplies an internal current. The process requires that a cation of the metal to be deposited is reduced by the receiving electrons, from the surface of a metal substrate or from the surface of the catalysts used to initiate the deposition. The reductant in turn delivers electrons to this surface and is thereby oxidized” [6]. Electroless nickel plat-ing is today regarded as the most efficient coating to avoid

milk fouling. Particularly the combination Ni–P–PTFE (Nickel-Phosphor-Poly-Tetrafluorethylene), which is made by applying a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer into a Ni-P alloy coating. These treatments not only reduce fouling rate but also the time required for cleaning [3]. Cur-rent research is now looking into electroless nano-coatings as a promising technology. The main difference from traditional coatings reside in the thickness of the deposited film, which is measured in nanometers, or 1×10-9 meter. It is expected that such coatings have a superior anti-fouling characteristic, but, as of today, there are still issues related to a relative fragility in an industrial scenario [7].

You cannot foul a surface that does not exist. If there was a way of heating milk without a heat surface, then fouling would not be a problem. The so-called “Non-Surface” heat transfer methods do exactly that. One of the most com-mon is direct steam injection, but for the food industry the most used method is Ohmic heating or direct resistance

heating. This method heats milk by passing an electrical current through it, just like an electrical wire heats up when current flows through it. Although in ohmic heating there is no “heat surface”, the method does employ electrodes immersed in the fluid. These electrodes do get fouled with time, but as the fouling adds resistance, the ef-fect is to increase the temperature in the fluid (in contrast to a conventional heat exchanger where fouling decreases temperature). As this causes a dramatic change in the temperature profile, the electrodes also require periodic cleaning [4]. Fig. 5 presents a commercial ohmic heater.

References[1] Ramesh C. Chandan (Editor), Dairy Processing & Quality

Assurance Dairy Processing Dairy Processing & Quality Assurance, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

[2] Myer Kutz (Editor), Handbook of Farm, Dairy, and Food Machinery, Springer, 2007.

[3] E. Sadeghinezhad et al, A comprehensive review of milk fouling on heated surfaces, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2014.

[4] Bipan Bansal and Xiao Dong Chen, A Critical Review of Milk Fouling in Heat Exchangers, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Vol. 5, 2006.

[5] Tetra Pak, Dairy Processing Handbook, available at https://dairyprocessinghandbook.tetrapak.com/chap-ter/designing-process-line

[6] Sudagar, J., Lian, J., & Sha, W., Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings - A critical review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, 571, 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.107

[7] Kananeh et al, Reduction of milk fouling inside gasketed plate heat exchanger using nano-coatings, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2010.

» Fig. 3. Tubular heat exchanger [5].

»» Fig. 5. Commercial ohmic heater. https://www.emmepiemme-

srl.com/ohmic-heating

» Fig. 4. Scraped-surface heat exchanger [5].

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Davi Sampaio Correia is a Senior Mechanical Engineer who has worked at a major Brazil-based oil company for the last 15 years. Correia is part of multi-disciplinary team that provides technical support for topside piping and equipment of production platforms. During this period, he began to work with materials and corrosion, and later moved to piping and acces-sories technology, where he has become one of the lead technical advisors on valve issues. Correia was part of the task force that revised the IOGP S-562 standard, and wrote the S-611 standard. Correia has a master’s and a doctor’s degree in welding by the Universidade Federal de Uberlandia.


Ti ta n i u m i n H e at Tr a n s f e r

Different grades for different purposesThere are many different grades of titanium, and they all have various characteristics that make them ideal for specific sectors of the chemical process industry. Titanium grades 1, 2, 7, 9, and 12 have been used in the past for high-quality, corrosion-resistant heat transfer equipment. The most commonly-used grades of titanium for heat transfer equipment are grade 2, unalloyed (commercially pure) titanium are grade 7, and basic grade 2 with a pal-ladium addition for increased corrosion resistance. Grade 1 is used primarily for plate and frame exchangers, while grade 9 (with aluminum and vanadium additions) is used for shell and tube exchangers when higher strength is re-quired for the tubing. Grade 12 is an alloy of titanium with a small amount of molybdenum and nickel and is used for slightly high strength and higher corrosion resistance, especially where crevice or under-deposit corrosion may be an issue.

Titanium tubes can be used in applications where the fluid in the tubes move at high velocities and are normally used with a zero-corrosion limit, thus reducing the required wall thickness. Titanium is resistant to fouling, has a high corrosion fatigue limit, and is resistant to impingement or erosion attack. Therefore, titanium is ideally suited for a wide variety of heat transfer applications – especially those involving seawater, brackish water cooling, or steam heating. When the corrosivity of the chemicals make it necessary to use higher alloys like titanium, it is essential that the system be designed for maximum efficiency to en-sure that the overall cost of the heat transfer is minimized. This will stand true regardless of the design used for the heat exchanger.

Shell and tube exchangersShell and tube exchangers are the most widely used type of heat transfer in the chemical processing industry because of their flexibility in design and ability to handle fluids with varying levels of solids. The shell is basically a small pressure vessel that must withstand the corrosive-ness of one of the fluids while also containing the system pressure. The shell provides no heat transfer and is often insulated from the ambient environment. The tube side is composed of tubing, tube sheets, baffles (for vibration protection and to maximize heat transfer), and inlet and outlet bonnets. All of these components must be corrosion-resistant to at least one, if not both of the fluids. The tube side must also contain whatever pressure is on that specific side of the process and maintain its structure while under pressure on the shell side. There-fore, both thermal and mechanical design tools must be used to effectively design a system. Typically the tube side contains the more corrosive chemical while the shell side contains the less corrosive chemical and in many cases, this is steam used to heat or water to cool. This minimizes the amount of titanium that is needed in the overall design of the heat exchanger, unless both sides are subject to a highly-corrosive fluid.

By Chuck Young, Metallurgist and Business Development Manager, Tricor Metals

The use of titanium for heat transfer in the chemical processing industry

The transfer of heat from one fluid to another is an essential component of all chemical processes. Whether it is to cool down a chemical after it

has been formed during an exothermic reaction, or to heat-up components before starting a reaction to make a final product, understanding the elements to design an effective, efficient heat transfer system is the

key to cost-effective manufacturing of most chemicals today. This understanding not only includes having the knowledge of various fluids’

physical characteristics and chemical makeup but also flow rates, system temperatures, and allowable pressures and pressure drops.

Titanium, which has been in the heat exchanger service for almost 60 years in refineries and nuclear power facilities, offers several different

alloy grades that can be used in heat transfer equipment in the chemical process industry.

A titanium shell and tube cooler/condenser. Image courtesy of Tricor Metals

»


There are many different software tools that are used to determine the thermal design of the heat exchanger, while the mechanical design is to ASME code in the U.S.A. and other national codes in other areas of the world. A heat transfer expert is necessary for the thermal design, while a professional engineer who is familiar and has experience with the code to be used, is needed for the mechanical design. The Tubular Exchangers Manufacturing Association (TEMA) has designations for the various types of shell and tube exchangers, as shown in Figure 1. The designa-tion ‘BEL’ would have a one-pass shell with a bonnet on one end, and a channel and removable cover on the other. The actual design can be determined by the end-user, the chemical company, or can be recommended by the fabrica-tor after an analysis of the system requirements. There are other corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) used in the chemical processing industry besides titanium. These are austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, nickel alloys, zirconium, and tantalum. Each of these metals and alloys have corrosion resistance to certain chemicals and can be used in chemical plants for long lifecycles. Titanium, and its alloys, are used in a wide variety of industries, including seawater cooling in the nuclear industry, heating and cooling in the production of chlorine, the bleach indus-try, the terephthalic acid industry, and many others. The

titanium grades to be used for each industry and process are typically determined by the chemical company or engineering firm, however it is often after consulting with a metallurgist at the fabrication company. Knowledge of corrosion and having an understanding of titanium alloys are critical in determining which titanium grade to use. The overall goal is to ensure a cost-effective system with a long service life. An essential consideration when determining the titanium grade that will be used is to ensure that all aspects of the fluid chemistry is known. Often, as companies tweak processes, the corrosivity of the fluids change and an alloy that was used in the past my not be as effective today. In this situation the need to change to a titanium alloy may be the cost effective, long-life solution. In this case, a metallurgist with extensive knowledge and an experienced background in corrosion is needed to determine which titanium grade is best. One example of this situation would be when a plant uses river water for cooling, and has changed the material to a duplex alloy because of assumed cost savings and longer life. However, the river water chemistry was different than initially thought, and the duplex stainless steel alloy developed microbiological induced corrosion (MIC) that significantly shortened the life of the exchanger. The company had to, again, change out the duplex exchanger and upgrade to titanium grade 2 for the entire exchanger, since titanium is immune to MIC corrosion and could also handle the process fluid. These titanium exchangers will give the plant a long service life without any maintenance or corrosion issues.

Ti ta n i u m i n H e at Tr a n s f e r

»» A titanium shell and tube bundle. Image

courtesy of Tricor Metals.

Knowledge of corrosion and having an understanding of

titanium alloys are critical in determining which titanium

grade to use. The overall goal is to ensure a cost-effective system

with a long service life.”

» Figure 1: TEMA

designations.

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Grade & Specifications


Wast e wat e r Tr e at m e n t

Plate and frame exchangersPlate and frame exchangers (PFEs) are used in certain areas of the chemical processing industry as an alternative to shell and tube exchangers. The PFEs require less space than a shell and tube for a similar heat transfer but also have some limitations in terms of the process fluids and conditions in which they can be used. PFEs are available in titanium grade 1 plates. Heat transfer is determined by the overall dimensions of the plates as well as the number of plates in the exchanger. The PFEs are composed of two end plates, designed to hold the plates together, with a number of heat transfer plates in between. Gaskets are required to separate the two fluids going through the system on each of the internal plates and ports are fabricated into one or both of the end plates. The PFE system is limited by the temperature and pressure that the gaskets can withstand, which is less than 365°F or 360 psi pressure. It is also limited to fluids that have no solids in them, as the channels on the internal plates are very narrow and can plug easily. One advantage with the PFE is the ability to add internal plates at any time to increase the heat transfer.

Other types of heat transferThere are other types of heat transfer equipment used in the chemical processing industry, but they are used much less often than the shell and tube or plate and frame exchangers. Some of these are internal coils, external coils, half pipe coils on the outside of vessels, block exchangers, and welded plate exchangers, just to name a few.

Final wordsA large part of the heat transfer in the chemical processing industry is accomplished using shell and tube exchangers constructed of the titanium alloys – grade 2 (commercially pure), grade 7 (with palladium), grade 9 (with aluminum and vanadium), or grade 12 (with molybdenum and nickel). Plate and frame exchangers, with titanium grade 1 (commercially pure) plates, are used to a lesser extent and are limited in their applicability. Using a well-known, reliable fabricator to assist in the thermal and mechanical design, as well as the choice of the best titanium grade to handle the corrosion in the system, is essential to ensure that the end result is a cost-effective, long-lasting heat transfer system. «

» A titanium u-tube bundle. Image courtesy of Tricor Metals.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Charles (Chuck) Young is the Metallurgist and Business Development Manager for Tricor Metals in Wooster, Ohio (OH), U.S.A. He has Bachelor of Science, and Master of Science degrees in Metallurgy & Materials Science from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (PA), U.S.A., and Master of Business Administration from Ashland University in Ashland, OH.Young has more than 45 years of experience in techni-cal sales and marketing in the metals industries, specializing in the uses of corrosion-re-sistant materials.Young has been with Tricor Metals for more than 10 years and has additional experience in the titanium, specialty metal, clad metal, copper f lat-rolled and tubing, as well as the zinc, and galvanizing industries.

» Plate and frame exchangers. Image courtesy of Tricor Metals.


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7th & 8th October 2020RDM Rotterdam, The Netherlands

CALL FOR PAPERSABSTRACT DUE DATE: 29 FEBRUARY 2020

hew_conf_expo_c_4_p_2.indd 1 21/01/2020 11:46:09


H e at E xc h a n g e r Wo r l d C o n f e r e n c e & E x p o

Join the knowledge & networking experience!

See over for information on how you can participate...

We invite you to contribute

PAPER SESSIONS: Feature several speakers each presenting formal

technical papers on a particular topic under the leadership of a moderator.The speakers will give a 15 minute presentation followed 5 minutes question time. Presentations should be case study orientated relating to how equipment can be best used to solve industrial challenges.

WORKSHOPS: These are discussion-based and interactive. A small panel of presenters,

under the leadership of a moderator, will give short PowerPoint presentations before engaging with the audience.The panelists will give a 5 minute presentation supported by PowerPoint slides to kick-start a discussion.

1

2

October 7th – 8th will be the dates of Heat Exchanger World’s first conference & expo. Set in the RDM in the dynamic city of Rotterdam, the event location is close to the hub of this metropolis’ industrial heartland and at the centre of one of the world’s busiest business areas. The event will provide a meeting point for professionals working in the heat exchanger supply chain to address key issues in the industry from design and manufacture, through purchasing to usage, and maintenance, and will bring together end-users, EPCs, distributors, suppliers, and manufacturers.

WITH AN EASY TO ACCESS VENUE, THE GOALS OF THE CONFERENCE WILL BE TO:■ Present the latest developments and best practices in industrial heat exchanges■ Connect experts and peers to gain and improve knowledge■ Further develop end-user understanding of specialist equipment■ Tackle key challenges in the heat exchanger supply chain■ Introduce new and potential clients and promote new products and projects

POSSIBLE THEMES:■ Corrosion issues■ Cost optimization ■ Energy efficiency ■ Equipment design & specification ■ Fouling & fouling mitigation ■ Heat exchanger systems, cooling systems ■ Hydraulic & industrial processes ■ Inspection & reliability■ Maintenance & plant improvement■ Material selection■ Operational modelling■ Process control & efficiency■ Supply chain challenges■ Welding issues

www.heat-exchanger-world.com/hew2020/ www.heat-exchanger-world.com/hew2020/

hew_conf_expo_c_4_p_2.indd 2-3 21/01/2020 11:46:16


H e at E xc h a n g e r Wo r l d C o n f e r e n c e & E x p o

Join the knowledge & networking experience!

See over for information on how you can participate...

We invite you to contribute

PAPER SESSIONS: Feature several speakers each presenting formal

technical papers on a particular topic under the leadership of a moderator.The speakers will give a 15 minute presentation followed 5 minutes question time. Presentations should be case study orientated relating to how equipment can be best used to solve industrial challenges.

WORKSHOPS: These are discussion-based and interactive. A small panel of presenters,

under the leadership of a moderator, will give short PowerPoint presentations before engaging with the audience.The panelists will give a 5 minute presentation supported by PowerPoint slides to kick-start a discussion.

1

2

October 7th – 8th will be the dates of Heat Exchanger World’s first conference & expo. Set in the RDM in the dynamic city of Rotterdam, the event location is close to the hub of this metropolis’ industrial heartland and at the centre of one of the world’s busiest business areas. The event will provide a meeting point for professionals working in the heat exchanger supply chain to address key issues in the industry from design and manufacture, through purchasing to usage, and maintenance, and will bring together end-users, EPCs, distributors, suppliers, and manufacturers.

WITH AN EASY TO ACCESS VENUE, THE GOALS OF THE CONFERENCE WILL BE TO:■ Present the latest developments and best practices in industrial heat exchanges■ Connect experts and peers to gain and improve knowledge■ Further develop end-user understanding of specialist equipment■ Tackle key challenges in the heat exchanger supply chain■ Introduce new and potential clients and promote new products and projects

POSSIBLE THEMES:■ Corrosion issues■ Cost optimization ■ Energy efficiency ■ Equipment design & specification ■ Fouling & fouling mitigation ■ Heat exchanger systems, cooling systems ■ Hydraulic & industrial processes ■ Inspection & reliability■ Maintenance & plant improvement■ Material selection■ Operational modelling■ Process control & efficiency■ Supply chain challenges■ Welding issues

www.heat-exchanger-world.com/hew2020/ www.heat-exchanger-world.com/hew2020/

hew_conf_expo_c_4_p_2.indd 2-3 21/01/2020 11:46:16


If you would like to present a paper or take part in a workshop please send a 300-400 word abstract outlining the topic and content of the material before 29/02/2020 to: Mr John Butterfield: [email protected] For more information please call John on: +31 575 585 298

WHEN SUBMITTING AN ABSTRACT PLEASE REMEMBER TO INCLUDE:■ Your full name■ Your job function and company name■ Your email address■ The presentation/paper title■ Whether you wish to participate in 1 a workshop or 2 present a technical paper

DATES TO REMEMBER:■ Abstract submission deadline: February 29th, 2020■ Notification of acceptance: March 20th, 2020■ Submission of final presentations: September 1st, 2020

IN ASSESSING THE ABSTRACTS THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA WILL APPLY:■ Quality of the content■ Focus on applications■ Informative to a wide audience■ Tie-in with the conferences hot topics



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If you would like to present a paper or take part in a workshop please send a 300-400 word abstract outlining the topic and content of the material before 29/02/2020 to: Mr John Butterfield: [email protected] For more information please call John on: +31 575 585 298

WHEN SUBMITTING AN ABSTRACT PLEASE REMEMBER TO INCLUDE:■ Your full name■ Your job function and company name■ Your email address■ The presentation/paper title■ Whether you wish to participate in 1 a workshop or 2 present a technical paper

DATES TO REMEMBER:■ Abstract submission deadline: February 29th, 2020■ Notification of acceptance: March 20th, 2020■ Submission of final presentations: September 1st, 2020

IN ASSESSING THE ABSTRACTS THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA WILL APPLY:■ Quality of the content■ Focus on applications■ Informative to a wide audience■ Tie-in with the conferences hot topics



E n d - U s e r I n t e rv i e w


Hailing originally from Texas, where he trained to be a chemical engineer, McKaig began his career in the petro-leum production field, moved into the refinery business before becoming a consultant for a Dallas company. While employed in this role, McKaig ventured to Hawaii as a consultant for Par Hawaii Refinery and offered advice on their sulfur recovery complex. “I came out, helped them fix the problems, and as I was tired of the travelling as a

consultant, I accepted the job they offered me. I have been here ever since,” related MacKay. At Par Hawaii Refining, McKaig holds the title of Lead Process Engineer and works with Howard Lincoln who is Operations Superintendent. More specifically, he is responsible for overseeing the sulfur complex, the sulfur recovery units, the SCOT tail gas recovery unit (which reduces hydrogen sulfide emissions down to ppm levels), the ATU–the amine treatment unit, and the sour water stripper. With experience in several departments, McKaig has gained significant expertise interacting with various industrial applications and pieces of equipment. In his day-to-day operation, he has had the opportunity to work with large heat transfer exchangers.

Experience with heat exchangersHeat exchangers are essential to the successful conversion process of refining crude oil and have an integral role at Par Hawaii. “As a company we have an excellent under-standing of the conversion processes involved in refining crude oil to higher grade products. We understand what is

Overseeing Refinery Processes at Par Hawaii

Bob McKaig is a process engineer who has worked at Par Hawaii in Kapolei, Oahu for the last twenty years. While he has been part of a number of

departments, today his job revolves around ensuring that the company’s plants are kept running smoothly and meeting production needs while

staying in safety and environmental compliance. His responsibilities cover unit optimization, the documentation of management of change, and

training. The Heat Exchanger World team recently caught up with him to learn more about his role and the challenges he faces in his work.

By Sarah Bradley and John Butterfield



needed to achieve optimum operational conditions for our heat exchangers, and how to size them accordingly,” said McKaig. “When it comes to designing heat exchangers, however, we do not do this ourselves.”Each piece of equipment that the staff helps design has got to hold up to the duty for which it is needed, and so it is important that operators have a thorough understanding of all its processes. When a refinery requires an additional heat exchanger, the process engineers will assess and then estimate what the working conditions for the equipment will be and record this information on a process data sheet. This is then stored for further consultation. Since accept-ing his role at the Par Hawaii refinery, McKaig believes he has been responsible for putting together as many as 100 of these sheets. Once drawn up, the sheets are passed on to the company’s in-house project leader. “When we need replacement equipment, we draw on our data records and check that they correspond to the working situation. We then send our overview of requirements (specifications) to several vendors so that they can put in a tender for the construction. This can be anything from a single heat exchanger to a whole distillation tower,” ex-

plained McKaig. “Our procurement department will then analyze the bids that come back to us and see which plans make the most sense. Deciding which vender to proceed with can take a significant amount of time and discussion, as there are many ways to build an exchanger. Moreover, specs are always open to interpretation and susceptible to last minute modifications in order to fit a particular set of circumstances. It is therefore important that we understand why the manufacturer decides to build in a certain way and what the possible consequences are for the refinery. It is never a simple discussion because each project is a unique, custom-built order. With regards to the construction, we tend to rely on the input we get from the engineering companies since they have a great deal of ex-perience and knowledge in building heat exchangers. They can ultimately guarantee the performance of the delivered equipment.”

TroubleshootingMcKaig is not responsible for the design of the heat exchangers; he focuses most of his time on optimizing and troubleshooting. Heat exchangers become fouled and can corrode through use and wear. When this happens, they lose efficiency. “I suppose you could compare a fouled heat exchanger to a car,” noted McKaig. “After it has been running for some time a car will need its air filter changed, its tires replaced, and its oil filter renewed. A heat exchanger is no different. When equipment is continually in operation it requires servicing; parts begin to wear thinner, tubes become worn and need to be replaced, and leaks need plugging. That is why choosing the correct metallurgical composition for building the heat exchangers is so important. If we can successfully determine what material to use in construc-tion, there will be less corrosion. Unfortunately, corrosion can never be completely eliminated.”As corrosion is unavoidable, it is better to assess the condi-tion of a heat exchanger in terms of its longevity and rate of decay. “Essentially, you need to think along the lines of, ‘Is the corrosion taking place at an acceptable rate—so at a very gradual rate of mils per year?’” explained McKaig. “If the corrosion progresses at a rate that exceeds reasonable expectations, then the situation has to be monitored very carefully, so that you have time to troubleshoot before a failure occurs.” An example of one of the corrosion issues McKaig is faced with is their caustic and acid systems in the wastewater



treatment plant. This is where caustic and/or acid is used to control pH levels. “We monitor the systems to check that we are controlling the corrosion rate. Over time, some issues are bound to occur, as this is part of normal wear and tear. Fouling takes place and the efficiency of the sys-tem decreases. These situations are normal. Nonetheless, if there are real issues with the acids or the wrong composi-tion of metal alloys have been used for construction, then the heat exchangers will obviously wear and corrode more quickly. So parts will have to be replaced more frequently.”

Monitoring wear and tearPar Hawaii can processes up to 145,000 barrels of crude oil a day based on production at Par West and Par East. This process involves heating the material in the distillation towers to up to 650ºF, where the crude oil is separated into different components, known as fractions. The type of product that is created when the crude oil is boiled de-pends on the temperature at which it is collected. In other words, each fraction represents a boiling range of crude oil when boiled to a specific temperature. Once the crude oil is boiled and separated into the different petroleum fraction, each fraction is captured individually and further processed to meet final product specifications or upgraded into additional products. Some heavy oils are further pro-cessed in a ‘cracking process’ which involves breaking apart the molecules of the heavier fractions to produce lighter higher-value products like jet and diesel fuel. ‘Reforming’ is another process used to upgrade the octane rating of lower-value naphtha to produce higher-value gasoline blend components. The reforming process involves chem-ical reactions under pressure to change the composition of the hydrocarbon chain. Once the products have been separated out, they need to be cooled down again before they can be stored. “Such processes naturally put wear and tear on the heat exchangers. So we have exchangers that are often inter-changeable, meaning we can keep some running while we take others out of service for cleaning and maintenance.”In an effort to be as efficient as possible, many refineries now use real time tools to help monitor the performance of their heat exchangers. Data on the exchangers is produced by collecting temperatures and pressures across the heat exchangers. The engineer collects data about temperatures and pressures from various probes and in-puts this data into the computer monitoring system. This information is then analyzed and used to predict corrosion for the foreseeable future. If, for example, corrosion is only occurring at around two mils per year in a plate, then it might not need to be inspected again for two to four years. On the other hand, if rates of corrosion are predicted to

be considerably higher than this, then a further inspection might be needed within a shorter period of time.

Lifecycle span“If heat exchangers are regularly cleaned and maintained, then they can work well throughout a period of 25 to 30 years,” McKaig said. However, if these criteria are not respected then it will likely need servicing much quicker. Moreover, fluid flowing through the system does not mean that it is not getting fouled, and fouling will ultimately lead to a less-than-perfect performance. When serious corrosion issues are not attended to, McKaig estimates the lifespan of the heat exchanger can be significantly reduced. Each exchanger design has optimum configurations to minimize cost yet maintain efficiency.

Changing technologyMcKaig notes that the industry continues to innovate around improving heat exchanger design and efficiency. However, the basic shell and tube heat exchanger remains an effective and efficient work horse for the industry. High efficiency heat exchangers are capable of replacing several old style exchangers, but each change must be reviewed carefully for operating conditions and lesser recognized potential concerns with fouling and corrosion. «

ABOUT PAR PACIFIC

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: PARR), headquartered in Houston, Texas, owns and operates market-leading energy and infrastructure busi-nesses. Par Pacific’s strategy is to acquire and develop energy and infrastructure business-es in logistically-complex markets. Par Pacific owns and

operates one of the largest energy networks in Hawaii with 148,000-bpd of combined refining capacity, a logistics system supplying the major islands of the state and 91 retail locations. In the Pacific Northwest and the Rockies, Par Pacific owns and operates 60,000-bpd of combined

refining capacity, related multimodal logistics systems, and 33 retail locations. Par Pacific also owns 46% of Laramie Energy, LLC, a natural gas production company with operations and assets concen-trated in Western Colorado. More information is available at www.parpacific.com


E f f i c i e n c y

Energy consultants and industrial energy

managers will continuously have to find, implement

and prove significant savings in the coming

years. But what can be done when the ‘usual

suspects‘ have already been implemented, from

combined heat, power and cooling to LED lighting and

compressed air leakage minimisation? The energy

audits are ‘insatiable’, further suitable measures

must be found.

In this situation, it is proving very helpful that the media climate air (air conditioning systems) and process air (e.g. exhaust air from industrial processes) can now finally be recorded energetically. The air energy meter from Luftmeister GmbH is certainly trying to open the door to numerous worthwhile savings projects in air pro-cesses. It combines a precise flow measurement with an exact determination of enthalpy. If one considers that air ducts running straight ahead are absolute rarities in air technology, it becomes clear that flow measurement must prove its precision, especially with asymmetrical flow profiles. The air energy meter shows a special strength here due to its patented probe technology. Very helpful for analyses and the assessment of heat potentials: not only the thermal energy (e.g. in kWh or BTU) is recorded, but also the thermal capacity (e.g. in kW or BTU/s) is made available as a control and monitor-ing variable. Thus, before implementing recovery of waste heat (from air processes), the question arises as to which

thermal capacities are available at all and if waste heat recovery is worthwhile at all. Luftmeister GmbH offers on-site measurement series for this purpose. Two exam-ples: In a large laundry in Düsseldorf, it was questionable whether a 90°C exhaust air pipe could serve as a heat source for waste heat recovery. A three-week series of on-site measurement with the air energy meter showed that only strongly fluctuating thermal capacity values were available. Thus it could be determined early on that the use of waste heat was not worthwhile. On the other hand, the determination of potential in a Northern Ger-man construction material plant showed that the warm exhaust air of thermal processes had an easily tappable, continuous thermal performance. This, however, at an 80% level of thermal capacity compared to the assumed 100% level - thanks to the measurement series, the heat recovery could then be appropriately dimensioned.After implementation of the heat recovery system, the air energy meter continously helps to achieve energy-

Jens Amberg, CEO Luftmeister GmbH

Efficient use of waste heat in air conditioning and process air

» Waste heat measurement with a Luftmeister air energy meter in a flue gas exhaust pipe.


E f f i c i e n c y

« A close up of a Luftmeister air energy meter. It combines flow measurement with an exact determination of enthalpy.

efficient control. An air-conditioning technology example shows this. A large administration building has large ge-othermal air ducts, which are intended to precool the out-side air in summer and preheat it in winter. With the help of the air energy meters (air mass flow measurement in the geothermal duct as well as enthalpy measuring points before and after the geothermal duct) it can be seen at any time which energetic benefit (measurable in kW net capac-ity) the flow through the geothermal duct brings about. If this benefit is higher than the cost of the additional fans required, the geothermal duct is used - in the opposite case, the bypass is opened. In this way, the system is optimally controlled in terms of energy and costs instead of a widely used temperature-based control system.Whether in paint shops, the aluminium industry or nu-merous other applications: the air energy meter provides

a decisive benefit by recording the thermal energy in the time before and after the savings measure. DIN EN 50003 stipulates that the energetic measures must be metrologi-cally proven. Pure estimates are therefore not accepted in energy audits any more, as well as by subsidy providers. This is very easy to understand, as both the audit and the subsidy project depend on the acceptance of the submitted savings measures. The air energy meter supplies the con-sumption data for the periods ‘before‘ and ‘after‘ for freely selectable periods and has already optimally supported nu-merous projects in this function, from the foundry exhaust air to the paint process heat recovery to the geothermal heat channel. «

Air energy meter

Heat recovery system

Enthalpy measuring at air energy meter

Enthalpy measuring before heat recovery

system

XELSION GmbH

Industriestr. 11, D-56472 Hof

Tel.: +49 (0) 2661 / 20949-60Fax: +49 (0) 2661 / 20949-79

[email protected]

gasketed – brazed – welded

www.xelsion.de

GmbH

dustriestr. 11, D-56472 Hof

.: +49 (0) 2661 / 20949-60Fax: +49 (0) 2661 / 20949-79

[email protected]

gasketed – brazed – weldedgasketed – brazed – welded

www.xelsion.de

Full service for plate heat exchangers


F u t u r e S o l u t i o n s

Brian Axcell, Professor at the Institute of Energy

Futures at Brunel University and expert

advisor on the EU-funded ETEKINA project, speaks

with the ESCI about his career to date and the

potential of heatpipes.

By Catherine Collins, European Science Communication Institute, Germany

How did you get involved with ETEKINA?About two years ago, I was invited by Prof. Sam Jouhara from Brunel University to join the project. The problems he was tackling were quite interesting, and many of these topics had quite a rapid payback. They were topics and problems which needed solving, but where there would be some benefits in the relatively short term. For part of my career I had also been working on similar types of subjects, like reactor topics, where the benefit might or might not come till twenty years later, so I found it would be quite refreshing to be working on problems with an immediate industrial relevance. That is where I am at the moment, still working on heat transfer fluid flow topics, now within the ETEKINA project.

What are the advantages of heat pipe heat exchangers? They are more energy efficient and also they are safer, rather than having tubes with flows going through where a single tube failure will create problems. Heat pipes are sealed units, linking the primary flow and the secondary flow. If a heat pipe were to fail it would be one of a large number, and it would not require a very large fluid content to contaminate the primary flow. This redundancy in the number of tubes is really quite an attractive thing. There is a much better chance of large-

scale energy recovery, they do not take as much energy to operate, and if we can recover energy then it means less overall energy usage and less greenhouse gases.

What research discovery have you made that you are most proud of?This is going back a long time! When I was working in the Risley Nuclear Laboratories for the Atomic Energy Authority, at that time the prototype fast reactor was oper-ating at Dounreay, which is on the north coast of Scotland. There were some unexpected temperatures on the reactor. At that time I was a relatively junior engineer, but I did manage to identify the reasons for these unexpected tem-perature distributions. I was able to do some fairly simple analysis to demonstrate what was happening and then also I did a model experiment to demonstrate that my un-derstanding of what was happening was actually the case. That was something where I was to a certain extent on my own in pushing this understanding of what was happening amongst a larger group. I was rather pleased about that. I identified physically what must have been happening, but I found it difficult to persuade people, even though I could do the calculations! That is going back forty odd years, there have been many other interesting research topics, but that is something that I was very proud of.

» Professor Brian Axcell

The bright future of heat pipe technologies

PREMIUM QUALITY

MADE INGERMANY

IGEFA WEINBRENNER Energy Solutions GmbHIndustriestr. 11, 56472 Hof

Tel.: +49 2661 / 9122-0Fax: +49 2661 / [email protected]

www.igefa-weinbrenner.com

Engineering | Sales | Design | Manufacturing | QM | ServiceEngineering | Sales | Design | Manufacturing | QM | ServiceEngineering | Sales | Design | Manufacturing | QM | Service

YEARS1954 - 2019


Any other interesting achievements? I had gone out to do work at the Research Centre Karls-ruhe (FzK) for periods of several weeks, working with col-leagues to do research at this institute which is really one of the top research institutes in Germany in the energy field. Then in 1996 I spent a whole year there on sabbat-ical leave. While I was out there I was working partly on the European Pressurised Water Reactor, but also making measurements in sodium jets, which was quite an inter-esting thing to do. And also, that enabled me to improve my German. Since then, some of my work has been doing technical translations. Ten or so years ago, I and some colleagues at Manchester University published a book about the early developments in modern aerodynamics. It turned out that a lot of the pioneering work on things like lift and drag on aerofoils, had never been translated into English, it was still in German or Russian. People referred to the pioneering papers and they had never actually read them because they are not in English! We thought it would be good to write a book drawing together all of this pioneering work in the first twenty years or so of the 20th century. So that was quite interesting doing these technical translations.

What do you think are the most exciting applications of heat pipe technologies?For example, in supermarkets there are always certain shelves that are chilled. Not the refrigerated units, but the actual chilled shelves. Traditionally it has been done by blasting cold air at the shelves and the products on them, which has the effect of making that area in the super-market really quite cold. Now it is possible to cool these shelves directly by heat pipes. The design has been done by Professor Jouhara and a patent has been obtained. It has been known for some time that you can deal with domestic waste using the process of pyrolysis, where the waste is heated in an oxygen-free environment, and the organic material breaks down into oils or char, essentially carbon, but it is quite difficult to get uniform temperatures in the waste. Now if you have heat pipes, operating at 300°C or thereabouts in the waste, then that can be used to

create uniform temperature conditions to get that process to occur. Then the oils and so on can be drained off and used for other things or burned to produce energy. And in fact one of the patents at Brunel is for something that is on a domestic scale where each house could deal with its own waste and convert it to substances that could be used for energy and also reduce the volumes of waste enormously. That is quite an interesting topic, too.

What do you think that the future looks like for heat pipe heat exchangers? I think it is good, I think there are going to be many more applications. Heat pipe heat exchangers in some regards are easier to manufacture than traditional heat exchangers. «


B u s i n e s s D e v e l o p m e n t

Fast forward thirty-eight years and HRS has received the impressive accolade of being named one of the UK’s top 200 fastest-growing firms for international sales in the Sunday Times HSBC International Track 200 league table. Specialising in the design and manufacture of its own, patented heat exchangers to the food, environmental, pharmaceutical and wastewater sectors, the company has changed immeasurably since its early days. It now boasts over two hundred direct employees and has a network of offices and agents throughout the world – including the US.

HRS’ success has been helped in no small part by a highly successful export strategy, underpinned by its first ever international office, which it opened in Phoenix, Arizona, in 2004. Further US expansion saw the company open a second office in Atlanta, Georgia in 2015. With the Amer-ican arm of the business expected to bring in sales of over $3m this year, Steven reveals what’s made his business such a success on both sides of the pond, as well as his top piece of advice for other start-ups.

What are you most proud of during your 38 years at HRS Heat Exchangers?Building a strong team and watching it grow. Our staff turnover rate is less than five per cent and many employ-ees have over twenty years’ service. To build a successful business, you need core competency everywhere – engi-neering, sales, finance, etc. – and not just in one depart-ment. Experience, reliability and knowledge are crucial to building a reputation.

With the industry-wide skills shortage, it can be a chal-lenge to recruit good staff, which is why we work hard to hold onto the ones we have. To encourage staff retention, we offer competitive salaries, profit shares and bonuses; provide career development opportunities; and try to be as flexible as possible. We also offer apprenticeships, to keep the next generation of talent coming through. This commitment to staff development has been instrumental to our success.

How important has exporting been to HRS’ success?I firmly believe that having a focused global strategy has helped to protect us from the kind of local fluctuations that can hinder domestic-focused companies. Our reach is now so wide that we get enquiries from all over the world.The vision was always to build an international heat ex-changer brand. An international presence helps you to be taken seriously by big customers; it builds confidence and trust. But it’s essential to find local talent in each territory who can communicate in the same language, and with the same cultural references, as our customers.

The US in particular is a key territory for us. Our core markets of food and environmental have terrific potential there and our solutions are proving very popular.”

What’s the best piece of advice you’ve ever received?Turnover is vanity; profit is a necessity; but cash is reality. Basically, never underestimate the importance of cash flow. Particularly in the early days, access to finance can be diffi-cult, so developing good credit terms with your suppliers is crucial. Yu can have great products and a great team, but if you haven’t got cash, you’re in a dangerous position.

What figure in business would you most like to be stuck in a lift with?The American magnate and philanthropist, Warren Buffet. He’s extremely smart and pragmatic, isn’t short-termist and understands the importance of cash. He’s also a funny guy.

Finally, what piece of advice would you give to anyone starting a new business?Ignore the noise. Think through your concept carefully, test it with people who can challenge you, but once you’ve decided to go for it, stick at it and don’t worry about any bumps in the road. Have faith in yourself and your idea– but don’t stop listening to your customers. «

How success in the States helped a British start-up achieve global recognition

Questions & answers with Steven Pither, Group CEO of HRS Heat Exchangers

When founder and CEO Steven Pither established

HRS Heat Exchangers in the UK back in 1981, little did he know how

significant the US would be to his company’s

success. Then called Heat Recovery Systems,

the thermal technology specialist began as a sole

enterprise, acting as the UK agent for a Swedish

manufacturer. Despite the long hours, single-

handedly taking care of imports, sales, quotes

and deliveries paid off for Steven, as the company made a healthy profit in its first twelvemonths.

» Steven Pither (right) with company secretary Robert Twydle, receiving HRS’ International Track

200 League Table award.

Located in Phoenix and Atlanta, HRS Heat Exchangers is part of the HRS Group which operates at the forefront of thermal technology, offering innovative heat transfer solutions worldwide across a diverse range of industries. With almost 40 years’ experience across a range of sectors, including food production, waste management, water treatment and energy production. HRS specializes in the design and manufacture of an extensive range of turnkey systems and components. Incorporating our corrugated tubular and scraped surface heat exchanger technology, HRS units are compliant with global design and industry standards. HRS has a network of offices throughout the world: Australia, New Zealand, UK, Spain, USA, Malaysia and India; with manufacturing plants in the UK, India and Spain.

ABOUT HRS HEAT EXCHANGERS


NEWSProduct

Panasonic introduces R32 PACi water heat exchanger

Panasonic’s commitment to devel-oping, energy-efficient heating and cooling solutions have resulted in the R32 PACi Water Heat Ex-changer for chilled and hot water production. As a first-to-market, this ground-breaking product now provides the option of a water heat exchanger for packaged air condi-tioning systems.This new solution offers an effi-cient alternative to existing boiler systems that tend to be detrimental to the environment. The new R32 WHE fits appropriately with Pana-sonic’s 2050 Environmental Vision by reducing the amount of harmful greenhouse gas produced and

increasing the use of clean energy.Ideal for small commercial spaces such as retail projects and offices, the R32 PACi Water Heat Exchang-er offers a flexible, space-saving unit at only 205mm in depth. The unit also has two installa-

tion options: floor-standing and wall-mounted, depending on the user’s needs. The wall-mounted solution is perfect for environ-ments where space is minimal, saving valuable floor area.The R32 PACi Water Heat Ex-changer offers a maximum piping length of 90m making a great solution for heating projects with longer piping requirements. It can also work alongside Cold Chain / CO2 systems, often installed in smaller retail outlets and super-markets providing refrigeration and cold storage, resulting in an all-round, efficient and adaptable system.

Vahterus introduces size 12 plate & shell heat exchanger

Vahterus introduces PSHE 12 and it of-fers a large heat transfer plate with the traditional round shape and corrugation angles. The diameter of the plate is 1208 mm and the portholes are DN250. Nozzle distance is 898 mm. Size 12 fills the gap between sizes 9 and 14. The standard internal diameter of the shell size is 1370 mm. The corrugation angles of the size 12 plate follow the tried and tested shape of size 9. Both HH and LL corrugation angles are available, which provide ex-cellent heat transfer.Another great ad-vantage of the size 12 is the wide range of applicable materi-als, such as 316L, 254SMO, Alloy C22 and C276, Titanium GR1, 904L and Duplex 2205. Size 12 will be available in plate thicknesses 0.7 – 1.5 mm. Pictured here is a 316L = 0.8 mm plate.The high heat transfer of size 12 makes it a very competitive product in heavy-duty heat recovery appli-cations, but it is also an option in all liquid-to-liquid, condenser or evap-orator duties. Potential applications are feed-effluent exchangers, steam condensers, heat-pump condensers, and large evaporators.

Daikin’s wall-mounted air conditioners get a colour makeover

Serck announces the launch of a global brand

Daikin has announced a fresh look for its acclaimed Stylish range of air conditioners, introducing two new colourways plus a new model to the range.First launched in Spring 2018, the Stylish has earned wide-spread accolade for delivering new standards of comfort and energy performance, combined with leading-edge design, walking away with top awards from some of the world’s most prestigious and well-known design competitions -among them the Good Design Award, IF design award and Red-dot Product Design Award.The new line-up will now include

full white units, full silver, and full matt black units, plus a black unit with black wood panel.With its expanded range of colour and texture options and the most compact design of its type, the wall-mounted Stylish allows the customer to select an unobtrusive white unit or make a statement with the silver or black unit, in a space-saving design that blends effortlessly into any space, wheth-er it is a living room or bedroom.Incorporating all-new components, developed specifically to work within the slimline indoor unit, the Stylish has introduced powerful new functionality to the genre. The

innovative new fan design works with the system’s heat exchanger to optimise performance with near-silent running.

Serck announces a major rebranding to best reflect the company’s breadth and depth of expertise across capabilities and geographies. Serck is one of the longest-tenured global brands in the international heat transfer in-dustry. Originally started in the UK by Peter Oscar Serck, it has grown over time to expand its footprint into the USA and the Middle East and was acquired by the Unipart Group in 1999.With clients in industries ranging from nuclear power generation, through rail, marine, defense, heavy-duty trucking, and in Formula One racing, Serck is a complex business. Updating the

company’s visual identity and uniting the various branches and divisions under one global Serck brand is an opportunity to start a conversation with the market and illustrate the true breadth and depth of expertise across the organisation.Serck is today one of the largest suppliers of aftermarket cop-per-brass radiators in North Amer-ica. In the UK they are currently executing on a £4M project with EDF to re-fit the Sizewell B nuclear plant. In the United Arab Emirates, Serck has signed a number of strategic and supply agreements with other best-in-class providers including Sandvik and Sendan.

Heating of sunflower oil from a crystallizer

SACOME has recently supplied several heat exchangers intended for the heat-ing of sunflower oil from a crystallizer. These tubular heat exchangers have been supplied for a client company in the refining of vegetable oils.The client, with whom SACOME has about 100 references to date, is a multinational company with more than 150.000 employees worldwide and with activity for such diverse sectors as animal nutrition or agricultural products.SACOME Technical Department, in close collaboration with its client, optimized the thermal design of the heat exchangers, not only taking into account the different operation cases, but also offering an appropriate config-uration that respects the texture of the product.


P ro d u c t N e w s

We are able to fulfi l all your requirements for your project with our electrical fl ow heaters:

• effi cient• temperatures up to 850°C• thermal power up to 20 MW• electrical controlled• various application for different mediums Please visit our homepage for further information: www.schniewindt.de

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MOD unveils high efficiency condensing/hybrid heat options

Modine Manufacturing Company (MOD), a leader in technology in the HVAC industry, has announced the release of the new condensing/hybrid and propane heat options for the Atherion® Commercial Packaged Ventilation units.Designed for expanded installation flexibility and increased heating efficiency for maximized utility savings in cold northern climates, the Atherion Model MPR is an ideal solution to effectively and efficiently meet the challenge of heating high volumes of outside air for ventilation.The D-Cabinet natural gas heat option has been expanded to

include several condensing (90+% efficiency) options, as well as hybrid options. A hybrid option is a higher BTU per hour rated option that combines standard 81% efficient furnaces with condensing furnaces in a stacked configura-tion. This gives the advantage of condensing efficiency during all heat load conditions while only enabling the standard efficiency

furnaces during peak load periods, therefore maximizing gas savings over the heating season.Some specifics on the new options include: Two condensing and four hybrid ratings, as shown below. High air temperature rise capabil-ity, up to 120 F to deal with those frigid northern climates.In addition to the condensing/hy-brid Heat options, the product line now is available with propane heat options (81% thermal efficiency) to compliment the already wide range of natural gas and electric heat options.

Unimanix starts manufacturing electric pressure washers

Cooling and heating with the Tanner MDA+

Mark Climate Technology’s cooling and heating with the Tanner MDA+ is also suitable for heat pump. In addition to its standard water-supplied Tanner MDA air heater, there is now also the MDA+.This device has a condensate drain and is, therefore, suitable for both heating and cooling. Heating with low water temperatures is also no problem because of the use of 2, 3 or 4-row heat exchangers. The MDA+ can therefore also be used in combination with a heat pump. In the summer, the MDA+ ensures pleasant cooling.The Tanner MDA + has a very extensive range with 36 types with an AC motor. In addition, 12 types are available with a speed-adjustable low-noise EC motor. Energy savings of up to 50% in part-load can be achieved with this.The water-sup-plied unit can be con-trolled with a PinTherm Con-nect, among other things. This control-ler is equipped with an on/off contact and a 0-10 VDC output. Both signals are reversible so that the control is suitable for heating and cooling. In addition, the PinTherm Connect can be connected to the GBS (building management system) and can be read and/or modified with Modbus or Ethernet.The TANNER MDA is a hanging hot water air heater and can expel air horizontally or vertically. The unit has a powerful axial fan which means it is suitable for many applications.

Unimanix, a Canadian manu-facturer of hot and cold water pressure washers for commer-cial and industrial applications, recently announced that it has started manufacturing all-electric hot water pressure washers based on the heat exchange system. This addition to its extensive technology range will provide Unimanix with the ability to better serve the construction, transporta-tion, mining, automotive, food processing, manufacturing and public works industries.“The heat exchange system has been around for years and is fairly straight forward. Water is heated as it flows through a stainless-steel coil suspended in a heat exchanger tank, the

water in the tank is heated by Incoloy elements immersed in the tank. The system is tried and tested but despite that, we always look for potential enhancements, for example, all our reservoirs are built using only stainless steel. This reduces the chances of the res-ervoir corroding over time, thus increasing the longevity of the overall system and reducing future repair requirements,” states Nazareth Tankarian, President of Unimanix.All-electric hot water pressure washers are used for various cleaning applications but especially in indoor environ-ments such as warehouses or under-surface mining, where fumes must be avoided.


P ro d u c t N e w s

SWEP expands its D650 True Dual heat exchanger range Characteristics of plate heat exchangers for ships

Gledhill launches new and enhanced PulsaCoil Stainless

Engineering student launches research with NASA fellowship

Process Technology expands XC heat exchanger capability

SWEP is introducing an all-new evaporator to their True Dual heat exchanger range, which targets chillers and heat pump applica-tions with a higher temperature approach. The DV650 evaporator has been added to the D650 True Dual heat exchanger range and can be used with the majority of current high-pressure refrigerants.The DV650 is one of the biggest brazed plate heat exchangers within the True Dual range. Brazed plate heat exchangers offer an efficient way to transfer heat and are useful components within air-conditioning, refrigeration and heating systems. The DV650 offers benefits such as condensed use of space, improved thermal efficiency and reduced maintenance. The True Dual range is highly versatile and offers full performance at both full and partial

load, thanks to its clever design and cooling circuit technologySWEP’s D650 True Dual heat ex-changer range includes the DFX650 evaporator and the DB650 condens-er. The range can be utilized at vari-ous levels of system efficiency with high to low-temperature approaches and covering capacities from 250 kW to 700 kW. With the added DV650, application reach becomes even larger.

Plate heat exchangers for ships are mainly used in cruise ships, LNG carriers, container ships and special ships for transporting cars. Some also apply to luxury tourist cruise ships. It can be said that the applica-tion is quite extensive.The main working conditions of ma-rine plate heat exchangers on ships include the cooling of the lubricating

oil used by the ship’s main engine, which is called the lubricating oil cooler; there is also the cooling of the main generator on the ship, the main engine and the auxiliary machinery, which is called the cen-tral Coolers; seawater desalination; widely used in these conditions.The characteristics of plate heat ex-changers for ships are very obvious,

mainly the corrugated plate has high perfor-mance and high heat transfer efficiency; small size, compact overall structure, does not take up space; fast start at any time, strong environmental adapt-ability; easy to maintain and disassemble, whether it is cleaning or replacing plate gaskets.

The latest generation of Gledhill’s PulsaCoil, the new and enhanced PulsaCoil Stainless offers all the benefits of its predecessors whilst boasting a new fresh design with additional features.Designed specifically for apart-ments, the new PulsaCoil Stainless offers the excellent replacement heating solution. The range boasts improved aesthetics with a sleek new cylindrical design to offer space-saving and provides an easy to maneuver product which ultimately assists in an easier installation.Available in sizes 120L, 150L and 210L, the new cylinder provides an excellent hot water system for homeowners with apartments.Manufactured with high corro-sion-resistant stainless steel, the PulsaCoil Stainless requires no

discharge pipework.The PulsaCoil Stainless is the latest addition to join Gledhill’s stylish thermal store range of cylinders. Engineered to combine energy effi-ciency with style, Gledhill’s range of thermal store products offer alterna-tive options to vented and unvented cylinders, providing homeowners with a wide choice of cylinders to ensure they have the right cylinder for their home.

Since his childhood, Bashir Mekki, a doctoral candidate studying mechanical engineering at Penn State, has always been fascinated

by how planes fly. Now, thanks to his doctorate research and a recent NASA fellowship in the area of mul-tifunctional heat exchanger design for integrated lightweight thermal management systems in aircraft, he’s exploring that mystery.Specifically, he focuses his energy on researching how aircraft with-stand and manage the extreme amount of heat their engines gener-ate. Thermal management systems for aircraft are becoming a major engineering challenge for a variety of applications. These concerns

are amplified with hybrid-electric propulsion, with NASA leading the development of this technology. However, the gap in knowledge of thermal management requirements is important to close before electri-fied aircraft can take to the skies.This is where Mekki wants to make his mark.“When I learned about the principles of heat transfer, fluids and thermo-dynamics in college, I immediately fell in love with this subject,” he said.Currently, heat exchanger design is generally restricted to shapes that

have well-known performance char-acteristics, like pressure drop and heat transfer, where the shapes are very often limited by manufactura-bility. This also limits the ability to integrate the thermal management system within the confines of the aircraft. Mekki’s research focuses on creating a design tool that generates organic shapes that can be manu-factured using emerging advanced manufacturing capabilities such as additive manufacturing, to enable highly integrated heat exchanger designs.

The new XC High-Flow Inline Heat Exchanger from Process Technology delivers an ultra-high-pu-rity (UHP), compact, high-flow heat exchanger with precise and stable heat transfer while reducing fluid pressure drop.High-flow capacity is achieved with a larger 13mm (0.5 inch) diame-ter tubing to improve circulation, reduce pressure drop, and enable a faster temperature response. The low-mass unit is internally baffled for additional heat performance. Recirculating and single-pass flow applications provide safe heating for water, acids, bases, and solvents.Clean-room assembled, no wetted o-ring, PFA tube-side chemistry paths allow the XC High-Flow to meet the most stringent cleanliness requirements to support next-gen-

eration ultra-high-purity semicon-ductor node technologies.The units’ small, lightweight foot-print reduces space requirements in tool design and allows for easy adaptations to existing lines for simplified end-user manufacturing complexity.On behalf of Process Technology, Senior Product Manager, Doreen Langa stated, “Process Technology continues to be responsive to the ever-changing technological needs of our customers in the semicon-ductor, electronics and pharmaceu-tical industries. We work hand-in-hand with our customers to design solutions that improve efficiencies. The XC High-Flow Inline Heat Exchanger, with its fast tempera-ture responsiveness, is one such advancement that achieves the high flow requirements with reduced pressure drop.”


Shirokuma-kun awarded Energy Conservation Grand Prize

The Energy Conservation Center, Ja-pan revealed the winners of the Fis-cal Year (FY) 2019 Energy Conser-vation Grand Prize of Japan. We are honored to announce that our room air conditioner “Shirokuma-kun” Premium X Series, launched in the Japan market last autumn, received the FY2019 Energy Conservation Grand Prize, Product & Business Model Category, ECCJ Chairman’s Award (The Energy Conservation Center, Japan Chairman’s Award).Hitachi’s engineers have consist-ently been focusing on how to maintain cleanliness in the interior of our air conditioner units. This has led them to develop unique features within the industry, including the indoor unit heat exchanger auto clean “Frost Wash” which rapidly removing dirt and grease from the indoor unit heat exchanger by au-tomatically freezing the exchanger and then rapidly melting the frozen layer which is formed, and the fan

auto clean “Fan Robo.” The “outdoor unit heat exchanger auto cleaning feature” blows dust out and away from the unit’s interior by revers-ing fan rotation and follows with a “Frost Wash” clean. These cleaning feature innovations contribute to the suppression of airflow reduction and the reduction of wasted electricity. In addition, the indoor unit comes in a compact size, less than 800 millim-eters in total width, while achieving greater energy-saving performance. It was these innovations that led the “Shirokuma-kun” Primium X Series to be awarded the prize.

Nitrex acquires G-M Enterprises

Nitrex, a provider of fully integrat-ed heat-treating solutions and technologies globally, acquired G-M Enterprises, a player in the vacuum furnaces market, headquartered in Corona, California.The acquisition is in line with Nitrex’ strategy to further expand its integrated heat treatment solutions offer to customers while strengthening its product portfolio. For the past 30 years, G-M Enter-prises has earned the reputation as a leading technology supplier of vacuum furnaces solving challenges for cus-tomers in the aero-space, power gen-

eration, energy, MIM sintering, and commercial heat-treating industries. The acquisition represents a great fit with Nitrex, as both share the same goal of providing technologies that improve customer workflow and efficiency while maximizing the life span and quality of engineered parts and components.

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Kurita wins award for improved heat transfer efficiency

Kurita Water Industries Ltd. (Kurita) is pleased to announce that it has been awarded the Agency of Natu-ral Resources and Energy Direc-tor-General’s Award in the Product and Business Model category of the 2019 Energy Conservation Grand Prize organized by The Energy Con-servation Center, Japan. The prize was awarded for the improved heat transfer efficiency through Kurita’s Dropwise Condensation Technol-ogy. This marks the second time Kurita has been recognized in the Energy Conservation Grand Prize, after winning the Energy Conser-

vation Center Chairman’s Award for its DReeM Polymer™ technology in 2017.Under the award-winning theme, Kurita was recognised for its efforts to achieve energy conservation through its new Dropwise Con-densation Technology and for the underlying technology. In general, a layer of water forms on the metal surfaces at the steam end of heat exchangers that use steam generat-ed by boilers, due to condensation of the steam. While extremely thin, this layer of water drastically reduc-es heat transfer efficiency, resulting

in higher energy consumption and lower productivity due to the higher amount of steam that needs to be used. Kurita’s Dropwise Condensa-tion Technology gives water repel-lent properties to the metal surfaces of heat exchangers to remove the

layer of water and improve heat transfer efficiency. This, in turn, conserves energy thanks to the reduced amount of steam used and boosts productivity.


I n d u st ry N e w s

Savosolar signs Letter of Intent with Uniper

Savosolar Plc. (Savosolar) has signed a Letter of Intent with Uniper SE (Uniper) for a co-operation in large scale solar heating system deliveries for district heating and heat for industrial processes. The planned co-operation includes sales, design, delivery and, if needed, operation of the systems. The geo-graphical focus of the co-operation is intended to be in Europe, espe-cially in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands, and suitable projects could also get searched worldwide. The parties aim to investigate for first co-operation projects in 2020.Jari Varjotie, CEO of Savosolar: “We are proud that Uniper has chosen Savosolar as their preferred partner.

Savosolar is already by now one of the leading companies in large scale solar heating with its existing partner network, and this new co-operation is an additional sign that Savosolar has chosen the right path in its technology and business development. We look forward to the co-operation with Uniper, one of the leading companies in the energy sector. Combining Uniper’s wide energy sector know-how, financial resources and global presence with Savosolar’s solar heating experience and expertise will strengthen the possibilities to accelerate the utiliza-tion of large scale solar thermal as a clean heat source.”

Bio2Oil ApS awarded an InnoBooster grant

Technology diversification through R&D contract wins

Bio2Oil ApS was recently awarded an InnoBooster grant by Innovation Fund Denmark. It had pitched a project for further developing and validating its novel heat exchanger concept a key component in getting the highest possible efficiencies in a hydrothermal liquefaction plant.With this project, Bio2Oil aims to perfect the design and production methods for the first test units of the heat exchanger, so that it is able to test the properties in collabo-ration with its partners in the final phase of the project. The heat exchanger has to be designed from scratch, as almost no commercially available units are able to handle the conditions in which hydrother-mal liquefaction takes place. Based on the results from this project, it

will optimize and develop the final version of the heat exchanger, which is going to be used as a part of its HTL plant design. To undertake this project, Bio2Oil ApS will be expanding its staff with a mechani-cal or process engineer, who will be responsible for carrying out most aspects of the project.Innovation Fund Denmark invests in the development of new knowledge and technology creating growth and employment in Denmark. The Fund focuses on societal challenges, strengthens research and increases innovation commitment within pri-vate companies. Among its activities are the InnoBooster grant, which is given to companies that wish to develop and make new products or services ready to go to market.

Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT) announced that it is continu-ing its rapid technology diversifica-tion through multiple R&D contracts wins. In 2019 and early 2020 ACT was awarded over 15 new contracts, totaling more than USD 5M, through government-funded Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR), Small Business Technology Transfer Program (STTR) and Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) programs. These contracts were awarded from several different government agen-cies, including DOE, DOD (Air Force, Navy, Defense Logistics Agency), NASA, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.According to Dr. Richard Bonner, Vice President of R&D at ACT, “These awards demonstrate ACT’s commitment to satisfying the future thermal needs of our customers

through innovation. We are also thankful that our many spon-sors throughout the government agencies continue to see the value in pursuing these high risk, high reward research and development programs.”NASA MIRO 3D Manufacturing. The NASA MIRO program is designed to increase the participation of minor-ities and women in STEM activities. During the program, ACT will work with the University of D.C. on 3D printed devices, while mentoring and hiring U. of D.C. students.This year (2020), ACT has con-tinued to expand its R&D into new areas such as Advanced Compu-tational Modeling; Combustion and Nanoparticle Enhanced Fuels; Pumped Two Phase Cooling; and Thermal Storage.

GES completes Permian evaporation pilot project

Gradiant Energy Services (GES), the solution provider for produced and flow back water treatment and recycling, announced the successful completion of an evaporative dis-posal pilot project for a super major in the Permian Basin.GES’s patented Carrier Gas Concen-tration (CGCTM) technology is ideal for E&P operators in remote areas that have disposal constraints, high trucking and disposal costs, or the need to enhance evaporation rates in ponds and pits. There are several advantages to using CGC technology such as lower energy consumption and the separation of wastewater heating from the physical separation process, unlike other competing technologies. This enables the use

of this technology with minimal pre-treatment.CGC operates on the principle of humidification of a carrier gas via a multi-stage bubble column. Waste heat is used to heat produced water prior to entering the bubble column where it contacts carrier gas bub-bles and transfers freshwater vapor to the carrier gas. This continuous process results in clean water vapor released into the atmosphere and concentration of the dissolved solids in produced water to make a con-centrated brine. The concentrated brine can be used for drilling, work-overs, and completions, or simply as a means of reducing disposal volumes.


I n d u st ry N e w s

La Meusienne & Balcke Duerr strategic partnership formalized

Balcke Duerr Group, an investment platform of Mutares SE & Co. KGaA active in the field of energy effi-ciency solutions for applications in power and industrial plants has suc-cessfully completed the integration of French stainless-steel tube pro-vider La Meusienne. The integration of the previous standalone platform aims at realizing cost, sales and quality synergies for both compa-nies, especially by cross-leveraging

on existing product expertise.La Meusienne is one of the major French players in the production and treatment of high-quality stain-less-steel tubes with a small diam-eter serving customers in the phar-maceutical and chemical industries as well as major customers in the heat exchanger industry. With more than 50 years of experience and its strong customer base, the company with headquarter in Ancerville has a

strong reputation for process pipes for fluid transfer, heat exchangers, chemical appliances as well as food and beverage.La Meusienne and Balcke Duerr con-ducted first joint projects in 2019 to explore areas of cooperation which now lead to the full integration into Balcke Duerr Group. Products and services of La Meusienne find their main application within Balcke Duerr in the field of heat exchang-ers. With this vertical integration, Balcke Duerr will be able to control a significant greater part of the value chain of its own offering to its clients. After the integration, Balcke Duerr Group will operate five manufacturing sites, employ ca. 620 people and generate annual sales of ca. EUR 160M.

Nortek celebrates completion of the first SPLC system

Rebound Technologies closes $5m Series A Financing

Nortek Air Solutions (NAS), St. Louis, Mo., a provider of custom air handlers, celebrated the com-pletion of its first manufactured StatePoint™ Liquid Cooling (SPLC) system, billed as “The World’s First Sustainable Data Center Cooling Technology.” SPLC technology was

co-developed through a partnership with Facebook, Menlo Park, Calif.NAS and Facebook began develop-ing the SPLC technology in 2015. NAS recently modernized and re-tooled the Oklahoma City plant with a USD 15M investment to manufac-ture SPLC systems.

The key to the SPLC’s patented design is a microporous membrane exchanger that is hydrophobic and highly resilient to scale formation. Evaporation through the mem-brane creates a liquid-to-air heat exchanger that cools water without cross-contamination between the water and air streams. The resulting chilled water can supply a variety of cooling distribution methodolo-gies including fan coil walls, CRAH, hot aisle enclosures, rear door heat exchangers, chip cooling and cold plates.The SPLC will further position NAS as the dominant manufacturer in data center cooling technology, which also includes ServerCool™ liquid cooling products, such as rear door heat exchangers (ADHX) and coolant distribution units (CDU).

Rebound Technologies, which has developed a revolutionary, ener-gy-efficient and more cost-effective alternative to traditional vapor compression cooling systems, announced the closing of a USD 5M Series A financing. The lead inves-tors were Clean Energy Ventures and Skyview Ventures, with partic-ipation from Autodesk Foundation, the philanthropic investing arm of multinational software corporation Autodesk.Traditional vapor compression cool-ing systems have a static cooling capacity and are thus only able to generate a fixed amount of cooling over a given time period (this is why refrigerators and air conditioners

must continuously cycle on and off to manage a target temperature). Rebound’s IcePoint® technology is the first solution with a dynamic cooling capacity that gives cooling systems the agility to customize output based on immediate need. As a result, Rebound’s system provides unprecedented cooling flexibility, uses significantly less energy than traditional methods, and better-uti-lizes installed capacity to meet annual cooling needs.Rebound will use the new capital to install its first industrial-scale systems with food manufacturers and cold storage logis-

tics companies in North America. Initially installed in combination with existing cooling systems, Rebound’s dynamic cooling capacity will improve moisture control and rapid-freezing capabilities while also lowering energy costs.

MHI Thermal Systems wins 22nd Environment Minister’s award

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ther-mal Systems, Ltd. (MHI Thermal Systems) has won a 2019 (22nd) Environment Minister’s Award for Global Warming Prevention Activity from the Japanese Ministry of Envi-ronment for the centrifugal chillers ETI-Z series with built-in inverter panel adopting a low-GWP refrig-erant that results in an extremely low environmental load. The award was given in the “Technological De-velopment and Commercialization” category for MHI Thermal Systems’ activity to promote adoption of the ETI-Z series of high-efficiency centrifugal chillers adapting the low-GWP refrigerant.The ETI-Z series adopts the HFO-1233zd(E) refrigerant having a GWP of 1 (same as CO2) and Zero ODP. The series was launched in 2015 as Japan’s first centrifugal chillers adopting a low-GWP refrigerant. The ETI-Z series has a rated COP of 6.7 and IPLV of 11.2: both readings rank among the highest levels in this class. It is useful to reduce annual power consumption and CO2 emissions by approximately 60% by replacing its previous series using a high-GWP hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant to the ETI-Z series chiller. In spite of their enhanced performance, the ETI-Z series has been designed to save space by suppressing the expansion of the required installation area through innovations such as an aerody-namically shaped compressor and a new heat exchanger structure. Together these features are possible to replace from an existing product smoothly.In addition to their outstanding environmental performance and energy and space savings, the ETI-Z series can also be used as a heat pump to supply hot water, making them well suited to applications for low-temperature heating equipment at food or beverage plants, etc.

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