HEALTHY YOUTHS: THE FOUNDATION OF A HEALTHY NATION DR.ANI ETOKIDEM HEALTH SUSTENANCE ACTION (ASH) CALABAR EMAIL: [email protected].

HEALTHY YOUTHS: THE HEALTHY YOUTHS: THE FOUNDATION OF A HEALTHY FOUNDATION OF A HEALTHY

NATIONNATION

DR.ANI ETOKIDEMDR.ANI ETOKIDEMHEALTH SUSTENANCE ACTION (ASH)HEALTH SUSTENANCE ACTION (ASH)

CALABARCALABAREMAIL: [email protected]: [email protected]

WHAT IS HEALTH?WHAT IS HEALTH?

WHO definitionWHO definition

Health has been defined as Health has been defined as a state of complete a state of complete

physical, mental and physical, mental and social well-being and not social well-being and not

merely the absence of merely the absence of disease or infirmity.disease or infirmity.

CRITICISMS OF THE DEFNCRITICISMS OF THE DEFN

CompletenessCompleteness

State or continuum?State or continuum?

The many other states of The many other states of beingbeing

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE HEALTH OF YOUTHSHEALTH OF YOUTHS

SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICESSOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICESFGMFGMInitiation ritesInitiation rites

STIs as sign of maturity.STIs as sign of maturity. FatteningFatteningECONOMICECONOMIC

Paucity of youth empowerment programs.Paucity of youth empowerment programs. POLITICALPOLITICAL Lack of or inadequacy of representationLack of or inadequacy of representation Lack of political will in matters concerning the Lack of political will in matters concerning the

youthyouth

HOW THE YOUTH CAN REMAIN HOW THE YOUTH CAN REMAIN HEALTHYHEALTHY

A healthy body is a guest, a sick body is a jailer.A healthy body is a guest, a sick body is a jailer.Francis BaconFrancis Bacon

GOOD NUTRITIONGOOD NUTRITIONYou are what you eatYou are what you eat

May your food be your medicine and your medicine May your food be your medicine and your medicine be your food.be your food.

HippocratesHippocrates *Others live to eat, but I eat to live….Socrates.*Others live to eat, but I eat to live….Socrates.

If there is one sin you should never repent of , it If there is one sin you should never repent of , it is the sin of eating too littleis the sin of eating too little

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

NEED FOR A BALANCED HEALTHY NEED FOR A BALANCED HEALTHY DIETDIET

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oil, Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oil, vitamins and minerals and fluids. vitamins and minerals and fluids.

Essential nutrients to avoid Essential nutrients to avoid deficiencies and promote optimal deficiencies and promote optimal growth growth

Excessive amounts of any nutrients Excessive amounts of any nutrients increase the risk of chronic diseasesincrease the risk of chronic diseases

Safe Safe

Food combinationsFood combinations

HOW ABOUT JUNK ?HOW ABOUT JUNK ?MOST FAST FOODS ARE MOST FAST FOODS ARE JUNKS AND ACT FAST IN JUNKS AND ACT FAST IN PUSHING YOU TO THE PUSHING YOU TO THE GRAVEGRAVE

DICTUMDICTUM

Any sweet thing is either Any sweet thing is either illegal, immoral or is not illegal, immoral or is not

good for healthgood for health Pause for reflectionsPause for reflections

DISADVANTAGES OF JUNK DISADVANTAGES OF JUNK FOODFOOD

Low nutritional valueLow nutritional valueCost and its implicationsCost and its implicationsToo fatty/oily/the frying processToo fatty/oily/the frying processToo saltyToo saltyToo sugaryToo sugaryToo much preservativesToo much preservativesToo much flavoringsToo much flavoringsToo much colorings Too much colorings

OBESITYOBESITY8 % of Nigerians/ childhood obesity8 % of Nigerians/ childhood obesityMulti-system effectMulti-system effectHypertension, CAD, StrokeHypertension, CAD, StrokeDiabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitusFree oestrogen concentrationFree oestrogen concentration

menstrual irregularitiesmenstrual irregularities ovarian dysfunctionovarian dysfunction impotenceimpotence

impaired fertilityimpaired fertilityCancersCancers Ovarian, breast, colon, endometrium, kidney and Ovarian, breast, colon, endometrium, kidney and

oesophagusoesophagus

OBESITY CONTDOBESITY CONTDRespiratoryRespiratory

sleep apnoeasleep apnoea

worsening of existing respiratory problemsworsening of existing respiratory problems

PsychosocialPsychosocial

low self esteem, anxiety, depression low self esteem, anxiety, depression and obsessive behaviours and obsessive behaviours

OthersOthers

arthritis, gall bladder disease and arthritis, gall bladder disease and gallstonesgallstones

BMI=wt (kg)/height (mBMI=wt (kg)/height (m22))

ClassificationClassificationBMI BMI

(kg/m(kg/m22))Risk of co-Risk of co-morbiditymorbidity

NormalNormal 18.5 - 24.918.5 - 24.9 Not increasedNot increased

Overweight or pre-Overweight or pre-obeseobese 25.0 - 29.925.0 - 29.9 IncreasedIncreased

Obesity, further Obesity, further classified as:classified as: 30.030.0

Increased as Increased as follows:follows:

– Class I Class I 30.0 - 34.930.0 - 34.9 – ModerateModerate

– Class IIClass II 35.0 - 39.935.0 - 39.9 – SevereSevere

– Class IIIClass III 40.040.0 – Very severeVery severe

THE FOOD PYRAMIDTHE FOOD PYRAMID

STRESS AND ITS MANAGEMENTSTRESS AND ITS MANAGEMENTWHAT IS STRESS?WHAT IS STRESS?

Two origins: Estresse (French) which means Two origins: Estresse (French) which means narrowness, and/or strictus (Latin) which narrowness, and/or strictus (Latin) which means compressed.means compressed.

1717THTH CENTURY :hardship, straits, adversity CENTURY :hardship, straits, adversity or affliction” or affliction”

1818thth &19 &19thth Centuries: force, pressure, strain Centuries: force, pressure, strain or strong effort, which impact on an or strong effort, which impact on an object or individual.object or individual.

2020thth Century : Century :

Stress is a state that arises Stress is a state that arises when a person encounters a when a person encounters a situation he perceives as situation he perceives as threatening his physical or threatening his physical or psychological wellbeing and psychological wellbeing and he is uncertain as to his he is uncertain as to his capacity to deal with it. capacity to deal with it. Richard LazarusRichard Lazarus

The fight and flight response. The fight and flight response.

Walter Cannon Walter Cannon

The reaction of the body to a demand The reaction of the body to a demand placed on it, which usually requires placed on it, which usually requires some adjustment in the status quo.some adjustment in the status quo.

Hans Seyle( modified)Hans Seyle( modified)

Our changing worldOur changing world

STRESSORS: Anything or situation that STRESSORS: Anything or situation that causes stress. causes stress.

Internal/ExternalInternal/External

Personality typePersonality type

TYPES OF STRESSTYPES OF STRESS

Long termLong term

Short termShort term

PositivePositive

NegativeNegative

Good stress or EustressGood stress or Eustress

Bad stress or DistressBad stress or Distress

Good stressGood stress Provides stimulation and challenges Provides stimulation and challenges

and makes life enjoyable, challenging and makes life enjoyable, challenging and interesting. It is essential for and interesting. It is essential for development, growth and change.development, growth and change.Bad stressBad stress

Makes one anxious and irritable, Makes one anxious and irritable, dampens ones spirit, shortens one’s dampens ones spirit, shortens one’s lifespan. Usually a reaction to lifespan. Usually a reaction to something negative, some pressure, something negative, some pressure, worry. Usually prompt psychological worry. Usually prompt psychological and physiological changes of an and physiological changes of an undesirable nature.undesirable nature.

?? Perception ??Poverty?? Riches?? Perception ??Poverty?? Riches

MANIFESTATIONS OF STRESSMANIFESTATIONS OF STRESS

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF STRESSSTRESS

Sleep pattern changesSleep pattern changesFatigueFatigueDigestion changesDigestion changesLoss of sexual driveLoss of sexual driveHeadaches/aches and painsHeadaches/aches and painsInfectionsInfectionsDizzinessDizzinessSweating and tremblingSweating and tremblingPalpitationsPalpitationsBreathlessnessBreathlessness

MENTAL SYMPTOMSMENTAL SYMPTOMS

Lack of concentrationLack of concentration

Memory lapsesMemory lapses

Inability to make decisionsInability to make decisions

ConfusionConfusion

DisorientationDisorientation

Panic attacksPanic attacks

EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMSEMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS

DepressionDepressionImpatienceImpatienceFits of rageFits of rageDeterioration of personal hygiene and Deterioration of personal hygiene and appearanceappearance

BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMSBEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMSAppetite changes..too much or too littleAppetite changes..too much or too littleIncreased alcohol intakeIncreased alcohol intakeIncreased SmokingIncreased SmokingRestlessnessRestlessnessFidgeting Fidgeting Nail bitingNail biting

MANAGING STRESSMANAGING STRESS

RATIONALE: The youthful period is replete RATIONALE: The youthful period is replete with stressors and the youth who desires a with stressors and the youth who desires a healthy future must be equipped with the healthy future must be equipped with the skills to manage stress. skills to manage stress.

The understanding of stress, its causation The understanding of stress, its causation and management is important . The and management is important . The National Health Safety & Environment National Health Safety & Environment Manager (UK), 80 percent of all modern Manager (UK), 80 percent of all modern diseases have their origin in stress diseases have their origin in stress

MANAGING STRESS IS AS MANAGING STRESS IS AS

SIMPLE ASSIMPLE AS

A B CA B C

A= AwarenessA= Awareness

What makes you stressed?What makes you stressed?

What are the stressors in your life?What are the stressors in your life?

Type of stressor ?Internal?ExternalType of stressor ?Internal?External

Duration.Duration.

B=BUILDB=BUILDBUILD YOUR PHYSICAL RESERVES:BUILD YOUR PHYSICAL RESERVES:

Exercise for cardiovascular fitness. Exercise for cardiovascular fitness. 20min of exercise 3 times/ week has 20min of exercise 3 times/ week has been suggested (you do not have to been suggested (you do not have to join a gym, 20min of brisk walking join a gym, 20min of brisk walking outdoor will do the trick). outdoor will do the trick). Exercise improves blood circulation, Exercise improves blood circulation, lowers BP, clears the mind of lowers BP, clears the mind of worrying thoughts, improves self-worrying thoughts, improves self-image and makes you feel better image and makes you feel better about yourself etc.about yourself etc.

B contd.B contd.Eat for health – well – balanced nutritious Eat for health – well – balanced nutritious meal with lots of fruits and vegetables.meal with lots of fruits and vegetables.

Maintain an ideal weight.Maintain an ideal weight.

Avoid nicotine, caffeine and other Avoid nicotine, caffeine and other stimulants.stimulants.

Mix leisure with work. Mix leisure with work.

Get enough sleep. Be consistent with Get enough sleep. Be consistent with your sleep schedule as much as possible.your sleep schedule as much as possible.

C=CHANGEC=CHANGECan you change the stress by avoiding Can you change the stress by avoiding or eliminating them completely?or eliminating them completely?

Can you reduce their intensity? Can you reduce their intensity?

Can you shorten your exposure to stress Can you shorten your exposure to stress (by taking a break, planning some fun, (by taking a break, planning some fun, leaving the physical premises)?leaving the physical premises)?

Can you devote time and energy Can you devote time and energy necessary to making a change (set goal, necessary to making a change (set goal, plan, manage time).plan, manage time).

C=COPYC=COPY

Are you expecting to please everyone?Are you expecting to please everyone?

Are you over reacting and viewing things Are you over reacting and viewing things as absolutely critical and urgent?as absolutely critical and urgent?

Do you feel you must always prevail in Do you feel you must always prevail in every situation?every situation?

Work at adopting more moderate views. Work at adopting more moderate views. Try to temper your excess emotions. Put Try to temper your excess emotions. Put situation in perspective.situation in perspective.

LEARNING TO BE PATIENTLEARNING TO BE PATIENT

The queue techniqueThe queue technique

The counting technique The counting technique

RESPONSIBLE SEXUAL RESPONSIBLE SEXUAL BEHAVIOURBEHAVIOUR

The HIV/AIDS pandemic…facts and figuresThe HIV/AIDS pandemic…facts and figuresOil doom and AIDS boomOil doom and AIDS boomThe vulnerability of youthsThe vulnerability of youths

*adventurism*adventurism *inquisitiveness*inquisitiveness

*invincibility*invincibility *immunity ?the second AIDS*immunity ?the second AIDS *poverty, especially feminine*poverty, especially feminine *man must die of something??*man must die of something??**paucity of youth friendly policies and **paucity of youth friendly policies and

programs. programs.

REMEMBER THE ABCD OF HIV/AIDS REMEMBER THE ABCD OF HIV/AIDS PREVENTIONPREVENTION

SEXUAL ENJOYMENT AND CONDOM SEXUAL ENJOYMENT AND CONDOM USE.USE.

REMEMBER THE DICTUMREMEMBER THE DICTUM

RESPONSIBLE SEXUAL BEHAVIOURRESPONSIBLE SEXUAL BEHAVIOURTHERE IS TIME FOR EVERYTHINGTHERE IS TIME FOR EVERYTHING

PRIMARILY FOR PROCREATION NOT RECREATIONPRIMARILY FOR PROCREATION NOT RECREATION

PREPAREDNESS FOR FATHERHOOD AND PREPAREDNESS FOR FATHERHOOD AND MOTHERHOODMOTHERHOOD

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT DIFFERENCE WOUL 11 WHAT DIFFERENCE WOUL 11 MINUTES MAKE?MINUTES MAKE?

OR WOULD 55 MINUTES MAKE OR WOULD 55 MINUTES MAKE MORE MEANING?MORE MEANING?

4,000 chemical substances4,000 chemical substances

Over 90% are harmful to healthOver 90% are harmful to health

Up to 600 additives allowedUp to 600 additives allowed

Nicotine creates addition.Nicotine creates addition.

Menthol is also suspected of enabling the Menthol is also suspected of enabling the smoker to inhale more easily by numbing smoker to inhale more easily by numbing the throat. the throat.

Other additives to manipulate the delivery Other additives to manipulate the delivery of nicotine with of nicotine with extreme precisionextreme precision. .

Genetic engineeringGenetic engineering

HEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH EFFECTSFROM THE WOMB TO THE TOMBFROM THE WOMB TO THE TOMBMISCARRIAGESMISCARRIAGESPRETERM BIRTHSPRETERM BIRTHSLOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND ITS GAMUT OF HEALTH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND ITS GAMUT OF HEALTH PROBLEMSPROBLEMSSUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)CLEFT PALATECLEFT PALATEINFERTILITYINFERTILITYIMPOTENCEIMPOTENCECHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)(COPD)CHRONIC COUGHCHRONIC COUGHASTHMA ASTHMA

Cancer of the CervixCancer of the CervixCancer of the mouth, Cancer of the mouth, Cancer of the lip Cancer of the lip Cancer of the larynx Cancer of the larynx Cancer of the PancreaticCancer of the PancreaticCancer of the BladderCancer of the BladderCancer of the KidneyCancer of the KidneyCancer of the StomachCancer of the StomachCancer of the LiverCancer of the LiverLeukaemiaLeukaemia

DECREASE HDLDECREASE HDL

INCREASE LDLINCREASE LDL

ATHEROSCLEROSISATHEROSCLEROSIS

HYPERTENSION HYPERTENSION

STROKESTROKE

BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMSBEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS

SEXUAL RISK TAKING BEHAVIOURSEXUAL RISK TAKING BEHAVIOUR

FINE DECISIONSFINE DECISIONS

HOW TO QUIT SMOKINGHOW TO QUIT SMOKING

NICOTINE REPLACEMENT NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY???THERAPY???

Nicotine gum, Nicotine lozengesNicotine gum, Nicotine lozenges Nicotine patch ???availabilityNicotine patch ???availability

NO DEADLINESNO DEADLINESSIMPLY STOPSIMPLY STOPSupport Groups Support Groups

ALCOHOLISMALCOHOLISMDECREASED BONE MASS..INCREASED DECREASED BONE MASS..INCREASED FRACTURESFRACTURESASSOCIATION WITH CANCERS ASSOCIATION WITH CANCERS

STOMACHSTOMACHCOLONCOLON

GALL BLADDERGALL BLADDER UTERUSUTERUS BREASTBREASTOBESITY ….DIABETES ETC ETCOBESITY ….DIABETES ETC ETC

ALCOHOLISMALCOHOLISMHEART DISEASESHEART DISEASES

HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION CARDIOMYOPATHIES CARDIOMYOPATHIES HEART ATTACKHEART ATTACKIMMUNOSUPPRESSIVEIMMUNOSUPPRESSIVEBEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMSBEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMSSEXUAL RISK TAKING BEHAVIOURSEXUAL RISK TAKING BEHAVIOURFINE DECISIONSFINE DECISIONS

CULTISMCULTISM

HYDRA-HEADEDHYDRA-HEADED

BRIGHT FUTURES TERMINATEDBRIGHT FUTURES TERMINATED

VIOLENCE…INTER CULT, INTRA-CULT, VIOLENCE…INTER CULT, INTRA-CULT, LAW –ENFORCEMENT LAW –ENFORCEMENT

BLOOD OATHBLOOD OATH

DRUG ABUSEDRUG ABUSE

ESPIRIT DE CORPSESPIRIT DE CORPS

REGULAR MEDICAL CHECK-UPREGULAR MEDICAL CHECK-UP

FRUITS OF YOUTHFUL LABOURFRUITS OF YOUTHFUL LABOUR

HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION

DIABETES MELLITUSDIABETES MELLITUS

HIV AND OTHER STIsHIV AND OTHER STIs

etcetc

GENES LOAD THE GUN, BUT LIFSTYLE GENES LOAD THE GUN, BUT LIFSTYLE PULLS THE TRIGGERPULLS THE TRIGGER

THE WAY FORWARDTHE WAY FORWARDPARENTSPARENTS

Ensure both a better future for your children and Ensure both a better future for your children and better children for the future.better children for the future.

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDiscard certain aspects of cultures that are Discard certain aspects of cultures that are

detrimental to healthdetrimental to healthFacilities for recreationFacilities for recreationGOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT Policies and programs that are youth-focused, Policies and programs that are youth-focused,

youth-oriented, youth-friendly &youth-managed.youth-oriented, youth-friendly &youth-managed.YOUTHSYOUTHS Avoid ephemeral pleasures that will lead to Avoid ephemeral pleasures that will lead to

permanent damage.permanent damage.

ALWAYS REMEMBERALWAYS REMEMBER

ALL SWEET THINGS ARE ALL SWEET THINGS ARE EITHER EITHER

***ILLEGAL***ILLEGAL

***IMMORAL OR***IMMORAL OR

***NOT GOOD FOR HEALTH***NOT GOOD FOR HEALTH

FINALLYFINALLY

THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR YOUR RAPT, YOUR RAPT,

UNALLOYED AND UNALLOYED AND UNINTERRUPTED UNINTERRUPTED

ATTENTIONATTENTION