Health Skills II Unit 202 Range of Motion
Dec 16, 2015
Health Skills IIUnit 202
Range of Motion
Range of Motion(ROM) definition:
exercising joints through the available motion to maintain available range and flexibility of joint structures
Purpose of ROM
maintain joint movement and integrity
prevent deterioration of joint structures, ankylosis and contractures
Indications for ROM
patients on prolonged bed rest
prevention of contracture
stimulates circulation
Types of ROM
active (AROM) performed by patient
patient moves the joints through available ROM
maintains muscle strength and joint mobility
Types of ROM
active assistive (AAROM) performed by patient with assistance from
another person or mechanical device patient uses stronger limb to move or support
weaker limb practitioner completes movement through full
available ROM
Types of ROM
passive (PROM) performed for patient by healthcare worker
or caregiver moves all muscle groups within each plane
over each joint does not maintain muscle strength maintains joint flexibility & integrity
Types of ROM
stretching forcing movement beyond the available
ROM contraindicated for most healthcare
personnel
Principles of ROM
Check doctor’s orders
Know the patient diagnosis and rationale for ROM
Explain the procedure to the patient
Principles of ROM
use good body mechanics
expose limb being exercised
support body part proximal to joint
use slow smooth rhythmic motion
Key Factors for ROM
start ROM exercises on the unaffected side start each movement in neutral position use a firm comfortable grip while maintaining
support of the extremity avoid forcing beyond range avoid overexerting patient avoid skin friction exercise just below point of pain, NOT beyond
Key Factors for ROM
if rigidity occurs slightly decrease ROM until it subsides
stop if spastic contraction occurs talk to patient to help them relax expect heart rate and respirations to rise exercise 2-3x’s daily, 5-10 movements(see
physician’s or Physical Therapist orders) document procedure & patient reaction
Basic Terminology - ROM
Flexion to bend a joint
Extension to straighten a joint
Abduction move away from midline of body
Adduction move toward midline of body
Basic Terminology - ROM
Horizontal Abduction moving away from body in a transverse
plane
Horizontal Adduction moving toward body in a transverse plane
Basic Terminology - ROM
Rotation internal (medial)
pivoting inward along an axis external (lateral)
pivoting outward along an axis
Basic Terminology - ROM
Supination rotate forearm, palm up
Pronation rotate forearm, palm down
Opposition oppose thumb tip to base of little finger
(may be done to each individual finger tip)
Basic Terminology - ROM
Eversion sole of foot turned outward at the ankle
Inversion sole of foot turned inward at the ankle
Dorsiflexion an upward or backward motion of the ankle
towards the hips Plantar Flexion
a toe down motion of the foot at the ankle
Example of Flexion
Elbow flexion bend
Example of Flexion
Knee flexion bend
Example of Flexion
Toes flexion bend
Example of Extension
Knee extension straight
Example of Extension
Head & Neck extension straight
Example of Abduction
Hip abduction away from
midline of body
Example of Adduction
Toes adduction toward midline
Examples of Rotation
Head and Neck rotation turning part on its
axis
Left
Right
Example of Rotation
Hip internal rotation pivoting inward
Example of Horizontal Adduction
Shoulder horizontal adduction toward body in
transverse plane
Example of Supination Forearm
supination rotate forearm,
palm up
Example of Pronation
Forearm pronation rotate forearm,
palm down
Example of Opposition
Thumb opposition oppose thumb tip
base of little finger or to finger tip of each individual finger
Example of Eversion Ankle eversion
sole of foot turned outward at the ankle
Example of Inversion
Ankle inversion sole of foot
turned inward at the ankle
Example of Dorsiflexion Ankle
dorsiflexion an upward or
backward motion of the ankle toward the hips
Example of Plantar Flexion
Ankle plantar flexion a toe down motion
of the foot at the ankle