Health & safety

Employee Health & Safety

Krishantha Jayasundara

Background to Work Place Safety

Human Resource is the most valuable asset an organization

Human Resource is the most crucial factor to determine

Therefore, protecting the human resource is the topmost responsibility of the

management.

Why should the workplace be healthy and safe?

Accidents can cause disability or death

Good heath and safety measures improve organizational productivity

Increased rate of accidents can affect the morale of employees

Repetition of accidents can cause unease among the employees

• Medical Fees

• Hospitalization Expenses

• compensation paid (workmen

compensation ordinance)

• Decrease productivity and

decrease profits

• Hiring and training new

employees

• Waste of management time

Accidents are costly

Therefore, the duty of the Management should be to ensure safe working

environment

Duties of Management

Ensure mental heath Ensure physical heath

Ensure social heath

Physical and Psychological well being of employees within and outside the workplace.

Occupational Heath

Occupational Safety

Creating a working environment that is free of accidents and occupational diseases

Factors

EnvironmentalFactory Mangers

are directly responsible

Health and Safety

Responsibility is with everyone

Factors affecting the Heath and Safety at Work

A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life heath property or environment.

A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an incident.

Hazard and possibility interact together to creates a risk

What is a Hazard?

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What is an incident?

What is a risk?

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Physical hazards

Chemical hazards

Biological hazards

Psycho-socio hazards

Types of Hazards

Heat

Physical Hazards

Coldness

Physical Hazards

Light

Physical Hazards

Noise

Physical Hazards

Vibration

Physical Hazards

Pressure

Physical Hazards

Radiation

Physical Hazards

Gasses

Chemical Hazards

Fumes

Chemical Hazards

Solids or Liquids

Chemical Hazards

Dusts

Chemical Hazards

Contact with skin, eyes, or oral intake

Chemical Hazards

Some chemical will have immediate reactions

Chemical Hazards

It can affect internal organs

Chemical Hazards

Contact with skin, eyes, or oral intake

Chemical Hazards

Handling Animals

Biological Hazards

Animal products with infections

Biological Hazards

Dissatisfaction

Psycho-Socio Hazards

Unhappiness


Frustration


Can affect the organization as a whole Nature of the job Role of the person Interpersonal relations

Impacts of Psycho-Socio Hazards

Interpersonal relationships


Career development pressure is the most common factor for psycho-socio hazard

In essence it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities

Ergonomics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

Match the man to the jobProvide the right tool to work

Encourage to practice right postures

Ergonomic Hazards

An accident, mishap (misfortune), or, more archaically, misadventure, is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of intention or necessity.

Industrial Accidents

An accident is a result of a series of predisposed events which leads to unsafe acts or persons and/or unsafe environment

• Dr. H.W Henrich

Accidents

Accidents

Unsafe Acts

Improper Training

Stress

Unsafe Procedure

Unsafe Work Environment

Unsafe Machines

Unsafe Physical

Environment

Causation of Accidents

Improper training Unsafe procedures Stress

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Machinery Unsafe Physical Environment

Unsafe Work Environment

Dangerous components of the machines

Improper Training

Types of the materials used in the production process & possible hazards

Improper Training

Safety guards to cover dangerous parts

Improper Training

Use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPF)

Improper Training

Operational Procedure

Improper Training

Although, a proper training is given, the organization may be using wrong

1. Procedures2. Practices

Unsafe Work Procedures

Stress

Psychological Stress

Physical Stress

Stress

Stress

Unsafe machines Unsafe physical environment Unsafe chemicals Unsafe personal acts

Check for and remove any unsafe conditions

Use a check list If the hazard can not be totally removed,

take precautions

How to reduce Accidents

Try to screen out employees who might be more prone to accidents


Establish a safety policy ( focused on avoiding accidents)


Set specific safety goals to be achieved


Encourage and train employees to be safety conscious


Encourage to follow safety rules and take precautions


Conduct health and safety inspections regularly

Investigate all accidents and “near misses”

Commutating employees about them


Conduct health and safety inspections regularly


Thorough genuine top management contribute

1. Being personally involved in safety activities

2. Giving high priority to safety measures3. Appointing a safety officer


How to treat an employee who has met with an accident with the work place

His salary Benefits

Workmen Compensation Ordinance (No 19 of 1934)

How to maintain a factory environment

Factories Ordinance (No 45 of 1942)

Proper ventilation and illumination


Walk ways and safety measures


Preventive measures


Welfare of the employees


Legal recognition to health and safety


Factories should be maintained clean Accumulated dirt and dust should be

removed from floor, benches, work rooms, staircases and passages

General Provisions-Health

Floor should be clean (Washing and Sweeping)

Factory environment should not be over crowded


Reasonable temperature with adequate ventilation and illumination

Sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences/separately to each sex


Any machinery should be securely fenced and fixed

General Provisions-Safety

Any vessel containing dangerous substances should be covered


Every hoist or lift should be of good mechanical constructions (should be examined by a qualified person periodically)


Fire evacuation plans/fire fighting appliances should be installed


Floor, steps, stairs, passage ways should be of sound construction.


Specific safety requirements should be provided for operation and maintenance of steam boilers





Adequate supply of suitable drinking water

General Provisions-Welfare

Adequate & suitable washing facilities should be provided


Adequate and suitable accommodation facilities


A first Aid box should be provided to each department


Adequate and suitable facilities for resting and dining (Male and female separately)


Notification of accidents and records of accidents

General Requirements

Officers have been appointed by the department of labour (power to inspect any factory any time)


Commissioner of labour is empowered to drive the ordinance


Administrative offices established

1. Colombo North2. Colombo South3. Anuradhapura4. Jaffna5. Kandy6. Kurunegala7. Matara8. Rathnapura


Hierarchy to handle any industrial health and safety issues

Enforcement of the ordinance

Chief Factory Inspecting Engineer

Deputy Chief Factory Inspecting Engineer

Special Factory Inspecting Engineer

District Factory Inspecting Engineer

Factory Inspecting Engineers

Safety management is identifying problem areas and planning out prevention methods and safety procedures prior to the occurrence of accidents

Proactive measures

Safety Management

To make environment safe To make the job safe To make workers to adhere to safety

conditions

Objectives of Safety Management

Properly planned equipments

Employees should be provided with

Safe systems and methods of work


Sufficient man power to carry out work


Reasonable competencies


Proper induction and training


Proper supervision


Adequate safety measures


Cost benefit

Importance of a good Safety Management System for an

Organization

Safe environment for social responsibility


Organization

Better industrial relations


Organization

High morale and high productivity


Organization

Enhanced cooperation between employees and employer


Organization

Increased insurance cost

How Lack of Safety Measures affects the Organization

Cost of benefits and compensation to injured employees


Medical cost


Legal cost


Future claims for related injuries Work interruptions


1. Identifying problem areas2. Planning of safety procedures3. Implementation and controlling

Safety Management Process

Education

Get people to think of safety Safety awareness Safety slogans and posters

Preventive Measures

Skill Training Incorporate accident prevention in learning

process Provide skills to handle dangerous

machinery

Preventive Measures

Engineering

Engineering improvements in machinery Equipment designing Job designing

Preventive Measures

Protection

Providing protective equipments Safety shoes Gloves Hard hats Safety glasses

Preventive Measures

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Health & safety

Health & Medicine

physical heath

working environment

free of accidents

repetition of accidents

human resource

social heath

good heath

mental heath