Health problems of the elderly: Do we need more integration? Prof. Güzel Dişçigil, Adnan Menderes Univ, Medical School, Family Medicine Department Asistant Prof. Serap Çifçili, Marmara Univ, Medical School, Family Medicine Department EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
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Health problems of the elderly: Do we need more integration? Prof. Güzel Dişçigil, Adnan Menderes Univ, Medical School, Family Medicine Department Asistant.
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EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Health problems of the elderly: Do we need more integration?Prof. Güzel Dişçigil, Adnan Menderes
Univ, Medical School, Family Medicine Department
Asistant Prof. Serap Çifçili, Marmara Univ, Medical School, Family Medicine Department
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Program
15:00-15:20 Wellcome and introduction
15:20-15:40 Presentation: Current health services and status of the elderly in Turkey.
(Güzel Dişçigil)
15:40-15:50 Brain storming: Challenges of primary care in terms of care for the elderly focusing on integration and co-ordination of care.
15:50-16:20 Coffee Break and formation of the groups
16:20-16:40 Presentation: Care for the elderly: Integration of care across Europe
(Serap Çifçili)
16:40-17:00 Group discussions about solutions to our problems
17:00-17:15 Sharing ideas that came up in the groups.
WELLCOME
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Serap ÇifçiliMarmara University Medical School
Care for the elderly: Integration of care across Europe
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
What is integration of care1?
“the purposeful working together of independent elements in the belief that the resulting whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts” (Woods, 2001).
1. MacAdam M. Frameworks of Integrated care for the Elderly: A Systematic Review. CPRN Research Report, April 2008 (http://www.insp.mx/geriatria/acervo/pdf/60%2049813_EN.pdf)
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
What is integration of care1?
“a concept bringing together inputs, delivery, management and organization of services related to diagnosis, treatment, care, rehabilitation and health promotion”. (WHO European Office for Integrated Health Care Services).
“a means to improve the services in relation to access, quality, user satisfaction and efficiency” (Grone and Garcia- Barbero, 2001).
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Why is it needed1?
Poor quality of care being delivered to those with chronic conditions.
Episodic, short-term intervention to long-term, comprehensive care
Acute care needs Fragmentation of care
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Why is it needed1?
To improve integration of continuing care services.
Care of the elderly has been a particular focus with one or more chronic conditions, their high use of health care services
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
The Goal:
To improve accessibility, quality of care and financial sustainability
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Terminology1 (Leutz 1999)
Linkage; allows individuals with mild to moderate
health care needs to be cared for in systems that
serve the whole population without requiring any
special arrangements.
Coordination; requires that explicit structures be put
in place to coordinate care across acute and other
health care sectors. While coordination is a more
structured form of integration than linkage, it still
operates through separate structures of current
systems.
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Terminology1 (Leutz 1999)
Full integration creates new programs
or entities where resources from
multiple systems are pooled.
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Does it work and what kind?
Bird et. al. (2007) Integrated Care Facilitation for Older Patients with Complex Needs Reduces Hospital Demand, Australia
Intervention: Case management, facilitated access to health and socail services, self-management educationOutcome: %21 reduction in ER visits%28 reduction in admissionsCost-effective over the existing system (1M$)
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Does it work and what kind?
Beland et. al. (System Integrated Care for Older Persons, Canada) SIPAIntervention: Case management, multidisciplinary teams, home support services, clinical protocols, intensive home care, 24 hour on-callOutcome: No additional cost, increased client satisfaction, no cost savings.
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Does it work and what kind?US department of Health and Human Services.
Program for All-Inclusive Care of the Elderley (PACE).
Intervention: Case management, interdisciplinary
team, adult day care, access to supportive health
and social services, capitation payment
Outcome: Lower rates of hospital use, NH and ER
visits, lower mortality, better health stastus and
quality of life. No cost savings.
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Does it work and what kind?
Barnabel et.al. (1998, Italy). Integrated care.
Intervention: case managemnt, geriatric evaluation, involvement of GPs, coordianed health and social service delivery.
Outcome: Reduced use of hospial and nursing home, improved physical and cognitive function. Cost-effective.
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Does it work and what kind?
Department of Health and Ageing. Coordinated health Trials (Australia 2001, 2007).
Intervention: Assessment and care planning, Enhancement of GP roles in some locations.
Outcome: • Round-1; No impact on health and well-being, increased
use of community services, expenditures were greater.• Round-2; Improved health and well-being and access to
health services, indications of cost-effectiveness.
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Does it work and what kind2?Darlington (UK) Challis D, Hughes J.
Intervention: Case finding and screening, Assessment, Care planning, Monitoring and review, Case closure
Outcome:
Reduced the rates of institutionalization (50% at home after 12 months), increased the number of days at home (137 days versus 12 days), Increased the use and appropriateness of community services,
increased morale, patient satisfaction and depression;
limited generalizability due to the requirement for extensive social support or only moderate dependency
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Primary care for older persons in Europe 3
Quality of care for older persons (professionals’ opinion, France)1- Inadequate needs assessment process within primary care2- Inadequate coordination of primary care services3- Inadequate coordination of primary and secondary care4- Perceived consequences for patients and families
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Primary care for older persons in Europe 2
Stronger PC systemGeneralist approach, first point contact of care, oriented to the context and community, provides continuity and comprehensiveness
Weaker PC system
UK Portugal
Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden)
France
Spain Belgium
Netherlands Switzerland
Italy Greece
Austria
Germany
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Unmet needs3 • Health needs, mobility needs, personal needs, housework needs• 6 countries; Greece, Italy, Poland, UK, Germany, Sweden.
Higher use of social care and integrated services
3. Bien B, McKee KJ, Dohner H, Triantafillou J, Lamura G, Doroszkiewicz H, Krevers B, Kofahl C. Disabled people’s use of health and social services and their unmet care needs in six European countries. The European Journal of public Health 2013;1-7.
% of care receivers with unmet needs
Greece
Italy Poland
UK Germany
Sweden
Health needs 61,5 50,4 39,9 25.5 27.9 14.9
Mobility needs 61.1 49.8 38.1 33.0 37.5 20.7
Personal needs 58.9 48.8 32.2 33.6 32.8 17.9
Housework needs 58.5 45.5 38.1 29.8 32.1 15.3
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Patent’s perspective2
• Patient centered and individualised
• Easy accsess to providers (telephone, internet, in
person)
• Clear communication of individualised care plans
• Integrating Services•Multidisciplinary team-work; community nurses, pharmacists, social workers
Single coordination of care (generally GP)GPs are not well positioned to do the full clinical coordination
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
Integrating services• Single entry point in Italy (SEPs), GP is a proactive actor • Case management by community matrons, UK• Coordination of Professional Care for the elderly (COPA), GP and manager work together, targets old persons living alone.• a single entry point; reinforced the role played by the GP, • integrated health professionals into a multidisciplinary primary care team that includes case managers, • introducing geriatricians into the community who intervene upon a GP request.
EFPC Conference, İstanbul, 2013
References1. MacAdam M. Frameworks of Integrated care for the Elderly: A
Systematic Review. CPRN Research Report, April 2008.
2. Johri M, Beland F, Bergman H . International experiments in integrated care for the elderly: a synthesis of the evidence . Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003 Mar;18(3):222-3.
3. Boeckzstaens P, De Graaf P. Primary care and care for older persons: Position Paper of the European Forum for Primary Car. Quality in Primary Care 2011;19: 369-89. European Forum for Primary Care, Almere, The Netherlands. On behalf of the Position Paper Working Group: Aggie Paulus, Arno Van Raak, Peter Groenewegen (The Netherlands), Carmen de la Cuesta (Spain), Danica Rotar (Slovenia), Hanna Kaduskiewicz, Martina Hasseler, Ulrike Junius Walker (Germany), Isabelle Vedel (Canada), Jan De Lepeleire, Janneke Ronse, Jean- Pierre Baeyens (Belgium), Modesta Visca (Italy), Steve Illife (UK)
4. Bien B, McKee KJ, Dohner H, Triantafillou J, Lamura G, Doroszkiewicz H, Krevers B, Kofahl C. Disabled people’s use of health and social services and their unmet care needs in six European countries. The European Journal of public Health 2013;1-7.