Health Occupations Tissues
Dec 25, 2015
Health Occupations
Tissues
Tissues
Cells of the same type form together for a common purpose
60 – 99% water with various dissolved substances
Dehydration – not enough tissue fluid Edema – too much tissue fluid
Types of tissue
Epithelial tissue– Covers body surface– Mainly skin– Lines respiratory, intestinal, circulatory, &
urinary tract– Also in glands to produce secretions
Types of tissue
Connective Tissue – Support organs & other body parts
• Soft – adipose or fatty tissue– Stores fat– Insulates body– Acts as padding– Fibrous – ligaments, tendons
» Holds body structures together
• Hard – cartilage & bone– Cartilage –
» Tough elastic material found between bones of spine & ends of long bones
» Acts as shock absorber & allows flexibility» Nose, ears, larynx – provides shape & form
Types of tissue Hard connective tissue
– Bone • Has calcium salts, nerves, blood vessels• Called osseous tissue• Helps to form body’s rigid structure
Liquid connective tissue – vascular– Blood
• Carries nutrients & oxygen to cells• Carries wastes & carbon dioxide away
– Lymph• Transports tissue fluid, protein, fat, & other materials from
tissues to the circulatory system
Types of tissue Nerve tissue
– Made up of neurons– Controls & coordinates body activities by transmitting
messages through body– Nerves, brain, spinal cord
Muscle tissue– Produces power & movement by contracting muscle fibers– Types
• Skeletal – attaches to bones, allows body movement• Cardiac – causes heart to beat• Visceral – present in walls of respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts &
blood vessels
Systems of the body
Organs – 2 or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function
System – organs & body parts joined together to perform a specific function
Cells combine = tissue Tissues combine = organs Organs & parts combine = system
Systems of the body
Integumentary– Protects body from injury, infection,
dehydration– Regulates body temp– Eliminates wastes– Produces Vitamin D– Organs – skin, sweat/oil glands, nails, hair
Body Systems
Skeletal– Creates body framework– Protects internal organs– Produces blood cells – Acts as lever for muscles– Organs – bones, cartilage
Body Systems
Muscular– Produces movement– Protects internal organs– Produces body heat– Maintains posture– Organs –
• Skeletal muscle • Smooth muscle• cardiac muscle
Body Systems
Nervous – Coordinates activities– Controls body activities– Organs –
• Nerves• Brain• Spinal cord
Body Systems
Special Senses– Allow body to react to environment– Provides sight, hearing, taste, smell, & balance– Organs –
• Eye• Ear• Nose• Tongue• Sense receptors
Body Systems
Circulatory– Carries oxygen & nutrients to body cells– Carries waste & carbon dioxide away from body
cells– Produces cells to fight infection– Organs –
• Heart• Blood vessels• Blood• spleen
Body Systems
Lymphatic– Carries some tissue fluid & wastes to blood– Assists with fighting infection– Organs –
• Lymph nodes• Lymph vessels• Spleen• Thymus• Tonsils
Body Systems
Respiratory– Breathes in oxygen– Breathes out carbon dioxide– Organs –
• Nose • Pharynx• Larynx• Trachea• Bronchi• Lungs
Body Systems Digestive
– Digests food physically & chemically– Transports food– Absorbs nutrients– Eliminates waste– Organs
• Mouth• Salivary glands• Pharynx• Esophagus• Stomach• Intestine• Liver• Gall bladder• pancreas
Body Systems
Urinary– Filters blood– Maintains fluid balance– Maintains electrolyte balance– Produces & eliminates urine– Organs
• Kidneys• Ureters• Bladder• Urethra
Body Systems Endocrine
– Produces hormones– Secretes hormones– Regulates body processes– Organs
• Pituitary• Thyroid• Parathyroid• Adrenal• Thymus• Pancreas• Ovaries• Testes
Body Systems
Reproductive– Provides for reproduction– Organs
• Male– Testes, epidiymis– Vas deferens, urethra– Ejaculatory duct,– Seminal vesicles,– Prostate gland, penis
• Female– Ovaries, fallopian tubes– Uterus, vagina, breasts
Body Planes
Imaginary lines drawn through the body at various points to separate body into sections
Types
Transverse or axial
Midsaggital or median
Frontal or coronal
Transverse plane
Horizontal, divides body in top half & bottom half– Superior – body parts above other parts– Inferior – body parts below other parts– Cranial – towards head– Caudal – body parts near sacral region or
tail
Midsaggital or Median plane
Vertical, divides body into right & left– Medial – near midline– Lateral – away from midline– Proximal – close to midline– Distal – away from midline
Frontal or coronal plane
Divides body into front & back– Ventral – front side or stomach side– Dorsal – back side – Anterior – front side or stomach side– Posterior – back side
Cavities of the body
Cranial– Brain
Spinal– Spinal column
Thoracic – Esophagus, trachea,– Bronchi, lungs, heart– Large blood vessels
Cavities of the body
Abdominal– Stomach, liver,– Small intestine– Most of large intestine– Appendix, gall bladder– Pancreas, spleen
Pelvic– Urinary bladder,– Reproductive organs– Last of large intestine
Abdominal cavity So large that it is divided up into
quadrant or region
Righthypochondriac
Epigastric
LeftHypoChondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Leftlumbar
Rightiliac
Hypogastric
Leftiliac