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Health c SafetyExecutive

Petrol filling stations: Constructionand operatibn

Health and Safety series booklet HS(G)41

Contents

Foreword iii

1 .

Introduction 1

Scope 1

Glossary 1

Legal requirements: The Petroleum (Regulation) Acts 1928 and 1936 -arrangements for licensing, enforcement and appeals 3The Petroleum (Regulation) Acts 1928 and 1936 3Arrangements for licensing and enforcement 3Arrangements for appeals 3

Other legal requirements 3Legal requirements enforced by licensing authorities 3Legal requirements enforced by other authorities 4

Hazardous characteristics of petrol 5

Hazardous area classification 5

Part 1 Planning, construction and installation 13

Part 2 Operations and maintenance 31

Part 3 The electrical installation, equipment and testing 39

Appendix 1 Suggested register for petrol filling stations 53

Appendix 2 Elements of training for persons employed at petrol fillingstations 60

Appendix 3 Checklist for visual examination of electrical installations 62

Appendix 4 Guidance for annual inspections and testing of electricalinstallations 63

Appendix 5 Notes on measuring earth fault loop impedance and test pointprovisions 66

Appendix 6 Bibliography 67

HSE BOOKS

0 Crown copyright 1990Applications for reproduction should be made to:Copyright Unit, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,St elements House, 2- 16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ

First published 1990Reprinted 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998

ISBN 0 7176 0461 6

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted inany form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the priorwritten permission of the copyright owner.

This guidance is issued by the Health and Safety Executive.Following the guidance is not compulsory and you are freeto take other action. But if you do follow the guidance youwill normally be doing enough to comply with the law.Health and safety inspectors seek to secure compliancewith the law and may refer to this guidance as illustratinggood practice.

ii

Foreword

This booklet was prepared by a working partywhich met under the auspices of the Health andSafety Executive. Membership of the workingparty included representatives from the Institute ofPetroleum, the Petrol Pump ManufacturersAssociation, the Motor Agents Association, theLocal Authorities Coordinating Body on TradingStandards, the Association of County Councils, theNational Inspection Council for ElectricalInstallation Contracting, Insurance Associationsand HSE.

The booklet supersedes the Model Code ofPrinciples of Construction and LicensingConditions (Part I): Petrol Filling Stations whichwas prepared in 1968 under the auspices of theHome Office.

Introduction

1 This publication gives guidance on theplanning, design, construction, operation andmaintenance of petrol filling stations. It describesstandards and methods of work aimed at:

(a) minimising risks to operators and membersof the public at or near petrol filling stationsof fires and explosions from petrol;

(b) guiding persons involved in the planning,design, construction and alteration of petrolfilling stations on the standards necessaryfor the grant by a licensing authority underthe Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928 ofa licence to keep petrol;

(4 informing persons involved in the operationand maintenance of petrol filling stations of

, the conditions necessary for the safekeeping of petrol.

2 The guidance is divided into three parts:Part 1 on general design and constructionalmatters; Part 2 on operational and maintenanceactivities; and Part 3 on the specialised design,constructional and testing features for electricalinstallations at petrol filling stations. All three Partsset safety standards and practices for consistentapplication throughout the country with effect fromthe date of publication. They do not preclude theuse of alternative designs, materials or methodswhere that use provides equivalent or higherstandards of safety. Each case should beconsidered on its merits. Any variations whichappear to be necessary because of specialcircumstances or developments in technologyshould be agreed with the licensing authority.

3 The guidance on design and constructionalmatters in Parts 1 and 3 should not be appliedrigidly to existing petrol filling stations unlessredevelopment is taking place or new plant orequipment is being installed. Generally, onlyalterations which are reasonably practicable shouldbe made, taking into account the risks presented atthe filling station and the cost and feasibility ofadditional precautions. Nevertheless, the guidanceon operational, maintenance and testing activities inParts 2 and 3 should be applied at all petrol fillingstations with effect from the date of publication.

4 Legal requirements, guidance literature andstandards referred to in the guidance are listed inAppendix 6. They are subject to amendment orrevision from time to time; references to themshould be read as references to the latest editions.

Scope

5 The guidance deals with installations wherepetrol is kept and dispensed as fuel for motorvehicles on forecourt areas to which members ofthe public have access, It is also relevant toinstallations where petrol is kept and dispensed forcommercial vehicles only and to which members ofthe public do not have access, but only to theextent that it is appropriate taking into account theparticular circumstances at an individualinstallation. It does not deal with installations atharbours and airports used primarily for fuellingboats and aircraft.

6 The guidance is directed at the safe keepingof petrol. It covers other activities (eg unloading ofpetrol from road tankers, retail shops etc) andother substances (eg diesel fuel, LPG) only to theextent that the presence of those activities andsubstances might increase risks of fires orexplosions involving petrol. It does not deal indetail with the toxic risks of petrol.

Glossary

7 Explanations of particular terms used in thisguidance are as follows:

BASEEFA. British Approvals Service for ElectricalEquipment in Flammable Atmospheres.

Class I and Class II electrical equipment.Equipment constructed in particular ways to protectagainst electric shock.

Competent person. A person with enough practicaland theoretical knowledge and actual experienceto carry out a particular task safely and effectively.The person should have the necessary ability inthe particular operation of the type of plant andequipment with which he or she is concerned, anunderstanding of relevant statutory requirementsand an appreciation of the hazards involved. Thatperson should also be able to recognise the needfor specialist advice or assistance when necessaryand to assess the importance of the results ofexaminations and tests in the light of their purpose.A ‘person’ can be taken to mean more than one, ora body corporate or incorporate. It is thereforepossible to appoint appropriate organisations (eginsurance companies or inspection bodies) to carryout tasks designated for competent persons.

Controlpoint. A position in a kiosk or other buildingat an attended self- service filling station fromwhich an attendant can adequately view and

supervise activities at the dispensing equipment,activate the equipment and shut it off in anemergency.

Dispenser. A measuring system similar to ametering pump (see below) except that it does notincorporate its own pumping system.

Filling station. Premises at which petrol isdispensed into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles orinto containers and which may be operated in oneof the following modes:

Attendant operated. A filling station where anattendant directly operates and controls thedispensing equipment and the discharge nozzle;

Attended se/f-service. A filling station wherecustomers operate the dispensing equipmentwhich is activated, supervised and may be shut offin an emergency by an attendant in a control point;

Unattended self-service. A filling station wheredispensing equipment is activated and operated bycustomers without supervision by an attendant.

F/ash point. The temperature for a flammable liquidat which sufficient vapour is released from theliquid to ignite when a naked light is applied to itunder standard test conditions.

GRP. Glass reinforced plastic.

Hazardous area. An area where flammable orexplosive gas or vapour-air mixtures (often referredto as explosive gas-air mixtures) are, or may beexpected to be, present in quantities which requirespecial precautions to be taken against the risk ofignition.

Hydrostatic testing. The testing of a vessel bymeans of a pneumatic test in which the explosiveenergy which would be released on failure isreduced by almost filling the vessel with water.

/EE Wiring Regulations. Recommendations by theInstitution of Electrical Engineers which are non-statutory but are widely recognised and acceptedas guides to good practice for the design,selection, erection, inspection and testing of certainelectrical installations. Generally they apply to twodefined voltage ranges. They are not relevant tomethods of dealing with the fire and explosionhazards of electrical installations and equipment inhazardous areas (such methods are covered byBS 5345). New editions are issued from time totime (eg a 14th Edition was issued in 1966, a 15thEdition in 1981) and are amended betweeneditions. References in this guidance to the IEE

Wiring Regulations make clear which editionsshould be followed.

impact check valve. An impact and/or heatactivated device which closes to prevent flow froma pressure source and remains closed afteractivation.

Interceptor. A device installed in a surface waterdrainage system to se arate out any petrol andthus prevent it reachin % pubfic.drains, sewers orwater courses.

Leak detector system. A system designed to closedown a pump which will remain closed when a leakoccurs in the pressurised pipework which it protects.

Licensing authority. The body described in para 10for the place in which a filling station is situated.

Metering pump. A measuring system designed todispense liquid fuel into fuel tanks. It contains itsown pumping system to draw fuel from a supplytank or tanks.

Noncombustible material. Material which can beclassified as noncombustible when tested fornoncombustibility in accordance with BS 476Part 4. Alternatively, material which when tested inaccordance with BS 476 Part II does not flame andgives no rise in temperature on either the centre(specimen) or furnace thermocouples.

Nozzle. A device for controlling the flow of fuelduring a dispensing operation.

Off-set filling pipe. A filling pipe for a tank or tankcompartment which leads from a tank to aconnection point for a road tanker delivery hose atsome distance from the tank.

Petrol or petroleum-spirit. Petroleum which, whentested in accordance with the Petroleum(Consolidation) Act 1928, gives off a flammablevapour at a temperature of less than 23OC (73OF).

Remote pump. An electrically driven suction pumpassembly mounted above or adjacent to a supplytank and remote from a dispensing facility. Theinter- connection is made by a pressurised deliverypipe protected by a leak detector valve or by othermeans.

Submersible pump. An electrically driven pumpimmersed in the liquid fuel storage tank.

Vapour balancing system. A system which allowsvapour displaced from storage tanks during deliveryof petrol from a road tanker to be directed to that

2

tanker via a vapour return hose. It ensures there isminimal discharge of vapour to atmosphere duringtanker delivery.

Zone. The classified part of a hazardous arearepresenting the degree of likelihood of explosivegas-air mixtures being present.

Legal requirements: the Petroleum(Regulation) Acts 1928 and 1936 -arrangements for licensing,enforcement and appeals

The Petroleum (Regulation) Acts 1928 and 1936

8 Under the Petroleum (Consolidation) Act1928, the keeping of petrol must be authorised bya licence and must accord with any conditionsattached to that licence. The Petroleum (Mixtures)Order 1929, the Petroleum (Carbide of Calcium)Order 1929 and the Petroleum (Liquid Methane)Order 1957 extend the requirements of the Act tothe keeping of other substances. A notice of anyconditions of licence which are to be observed bypersons employed must be displayed in an easilyreadable form and position at the filling station.Contravention of the requirements, including thepulling down of a notice, are offences under theAct.

9 The Petroleum (Transfer of Licences) Act1936 enables a licensing authority to transfer alicence from one occupier to another. Fees for thegrant, renewal and transfer of licences arechargeable by licensing authorities according tothe rates set out in Regulations which are revisedannually on or about the beginning of eachfinancial year.

Arrangements for licensing and enforcement

10 In general, licensing authorities for fillingstations are the fire and civil defence authorities inGreater London, Greater Manchester, Merseyside,West Midlands, Tyne and Wear, South Yorkshireand West Yorkshire; county councils elsewhere inEngland and Wales; and regional and islandscouncils in Scotland. However, the responsibilitiesfor licensing fall to harbour authorities for fillingstations in harbour areas and to the Health andSafety Executive for filling stations at any site whichis subject to the Notification of InstallationsHandling Hazardous Substances Regulations 1982.

11 The functions of licensing authorities includethe assessment of individual filling stations with aview to deciding whether or not the first grant or

subsequent renewal of a licence is appropriate andwhat conditions should be attached to that licence.Licensing authorities will be guided by thestandards and practices set out in this guidance,taking into account the objectives described inparas 1 to 3.

12 All licensing authorities have powers underthe Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (HSWAct) to enforce the requirements of the Petroleum(Consolidation) Act 1928. Wheri an inspectorappointed by a licensing authority visits a fillingstation his aim is to ensure the observance,maintenance and, where necessary, improvementof safety standards. In so doing, he seeks tosecure compliance with the law, including anyconditions attached to a licence. If any action isrequired, a wide variety of options are open to him.They range from informal procedures such as oralor written advice to formal procedures such asrefusal to renew a licence, variation of conditionsattached to a licence, the issue of improvement orprohibition notices under the HSW Act, and/orprosecution.

Arrangements for appeals

13 Under Section 44 of the HSW Act, anyperson who is aggrieved by a decision of alicensing authority in connection with a licence hasa right of appeal to the Secretary of State forEmployment. Decisions on licences for fillingstations which may give grounds for appeal includerefusing to grant, renew or transfer a licence andsetting, or varying or refusing to vary, any term,condition or restriction attached to a licence.Appeals should be addressed to the Secretary ofState, Department of Employment, HS 1. CaxtonHouse, Tothill Street, London SW1 H 9NF.

14 Section 44 of the HSW Act does not coverappeals against improvement and prohibitionnotices which an inspector may use forenforcement purposes (see para 12). Appealsagainst such notices are governed by Section 24of the HSW Act and should be made to anindustrial tribunal on form IT 19. In practice, aninspector normally issues form IT 19 and itsaccompanying explanatory leaflet when he issuesa notice.

Other legal requirements

Legal requirements enforced by licensingauthorities

15 Other legal requirements which arerelevant to filling stations and which are enforced

3

by the licensing authorities described in para 10include:

(a) the Petroleum-Spirit (Motor Vehicles &c.)Regulations 1929 and the Petroleum-Spirit(Plastic Containers) Regulations 1982: theRegulations set strict storage conditions onthe keeping without a licence of smallamounts of petrol in metal and plasticcontainers by any person intending to usethe petrol for an internal combustion engineand not wholly or partly for sale. They allowup to two metal containers of a capacity notexceeding 2 gallons each and up to twoplastic containers of a capacity notexceeding 5 litres each to be kept in a motorvehicle, provided that the containers meetthe requirements in the Regulations formarking or labelling and standards ofconstruction. Guidance on the requirementsfor testing and marking or labelling of plasticcontainers is available in Approved Code ofPractice COP 6;

(b) the Public Health Act 1961 (Section 73) andthe Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982(Section 94): both requirements place dutieson the occupiers or owners of land orpremises to take all reasonably necessarysteps to prevent danger from disused orderelict fixed tanks or containers which havebeen used for storing petrol;

(c) the Dangerous Substances (Conveyance byRoad in Road Tankers and Tank Containers)Regulations 198 1 (Regulation 20 andSchedule 4): the detailed requirements coverthe unloading of petrol from road tankers intostorage tanks. They place specific duties ontanker drivers, licensees and persons incharge of storage tanks at the time ofunloading. General guidance on unloading isavailable in the Approved Code of Practiceon the operational provisions of the 1981Regulations.

Legal requirements enforced by otherauthorities

16 In addition, a wide range of legalrequirements enforced by other authorities underthe HSW Act apply generally or in particularcircumstances at filling stations. Such authoritiesare determined by the Health and Safety (EnforcingAuthority) Regulations 1989 and are normally localdistrict or borough authorities or HSE.

17 The most important of these requirementsare the general duties of the HSW Act:

(a)

(b)

Cc)

(4

(e)

Section 2, which places a duty on everyemployer to ensure, so far as is reasonablypracticable, the health, safety and welfare ofhis employees. The duty includes, inparticular, the provision and maintenance ofsafe plant and systems of work;arrangements for ensuring safety during theuse, storage etc of articles and substances;the provision of adequate information,instruction, training and supervision; themaintenance of any plade bf work in a safecondition, with safe access and egress; andthe provision of a working environmentwithout risks to health and with adequatewelfare arrangements;

Section 3, which requires every employerand self-employed person to conduct hisundertaking so as to ensure, so far as isreasonably practicable, that persons not inhis employment are not exposed to risks totheir health and safety;

Section 4, which places a duty on everyperson who has, to any extent, control ofpremises used by persons who are not hisemployees but who use the premises madeavailable to them as a place of work or as aplace where they may use plant orsubstances provided for’their use there. Theduty includes the provision, so far as isreasonably practicable, of safe means ofaccess and egress and safe plant andsubstances;Section 6, which places a duty on everydesigner, manufacturer, importer, supplier,installer or erector of an article for use atwork. The duty includes the need to ensure,so far as is reasonably practicable, thatarticles are designed, constructed, installedor erected so as to be safe and without risksto health in reasonably foreseeablecircumstances of use, setting, cleaning andmaintenance and that adequate informationis provided to the user to secure safety insuch circumstances. Manufacturers,suppliers and importers are under a similarduty for the safety of substances, and theprovision of information to secure safetyduring use, handling, processing, storageand transportation. The duty applies to allsubstances used at work or made availableat premises to which Section 4 of the HSWAct applies;

Section 7, which requires all employees totake reasonable care of themselves and ofothers who may be affected by what they door fail to do at work; and to co-operate with

4

(f )

18

(4

(b)

Cc)

(4

(e)

(f )

employers to enable legal requirements tobe complied with;

Section 8, which places a duty on all peoplenot to interfere with or misuse anythingprovided for health, safety and welfarepurposes.

Other relevant legal requirements include:

the Safety Signs Regulations 1980. Therequirements provide that a safety sign (ie asign combining geometrical shape, colourand pictorial symbol to provide health orsafety information or instruction, whether ornot any text is also included) for persons atwork should comply with BS 5378 Part I.Advice is available in HSE Guidance BookletHS(R)7;

the Classification, Packaging and Labellingof Dangerous Substances Regulations1984 and the Road Traffic (Carriage ofDangerous Subsfances in Packages etc)Regulations 1986. The Regulations includerequirements for container labels andvehicle markings which may be met duringactivities at filling stations. Advice isavailable in HSE Guidance BookletsHS( R)22 AND HS( R)24;

the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases andDangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985.The Regulations set out the types ofincidents which must be reported and howand to whom reports must be made. Adviceis available in HSE Guidance BookletHS( R)23;

the Control of Substances Hazardous toHealth Regulations 1988. The Regulationsrequire employers to assess the risks arisingfrom hazardous substances at work and themeasures needed to protect employees’health, and to take appropriate action toprevent or adequately control exposure;

the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989.The Regulations impose requirements aboutelectrical systems and equipment, includingwork activities on or near electricalequipment. Advice is available in HSEGuidance Booklet HS(R)25;

the Factories Act 1961 and the Offices,Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963. BothActs include requirements which may berelevant to activities at or associated withpetrol filling stations.

Hazardous characteristics of petrol

19 Petrol is a highly flammable liquid and givesoff flammable vapour even at very lowtemperatures. Released vapour, when mixed withair in certain proportions, forms a flammableatmosphere which burns or explodes if a source ofignition is present, A flammable atmosphere existswhen the proportion of vapour in the air is betweenapproximately 1% (the lower flammable, orexplosive, limit) and 8% (the upper flammable, orexplosive, limit).

20 Petrol vapour is heavier than air and doesnot disperse easily in still air conditions. It tends tosink to the lowest possible level of its surroundingsand may accumulate in tanks, cavities, drains, pitsor other depressions. Petrol floats on the surface ofwater; it may therefore be carried long distancesand create a hazard remote from its point ofrelease.

21 Flammable atmospheres may be present inthe vapour spaces of tanks containing petrol and intanks after petrol has been removed. They mayalso exist where clothing and other absorbentmaterial or substances are contaminated withpetrol.

22 Petrol vapour, even when present in theatmosphere at levels below the lower explosivelimit, can have acute and chronic effects if inhaled.The guidance does not deal with this in detail (seepara 6) but the risks from inhaling petrol vapourshould be considered in the assessment requiredunder the Control of Substances Hazardous toHealth Regulations 1988. Exposure to the vapourshould be prevented and where possible thisshould be taken into account in the planning anddesign of a filling station and during all operationswhere vapour might be present.

Hazardous area classification

23 The safe development and operation of afilling station should be based primarily on anassessment of the likelihood of flammable orexplosive atmospheres being present duringoperations; and the need to prevent, as far aspossible, sources of ignition reaching suchatmospheres. Therefore, the concept of hazardousarea classification and zoning set out for fixedelectrical equipment in BS 5345 Parts 1 and 2should be followed throughout the activitiescovered by all three parts of this guidance. Allsources of ignition, including those associated withsparks of any sort or hot surfaces of electricalequipment, should be excluded from hazardous

5

areas or, in the case of electrical equipment, (c) Zone 2: other areas that may be affected byshould be specially protected. This includes both occasional spillage or release of vapour fromfixed and portable equipment. plant and equipment handling petrol.

24 BS 5345 defines the following hazard zones:

(a) Zone 0: in which an explosive gas-airmixture is continuously present, or presentfor long periods;

(b) Zone I: in which an explosive gas-airmixture is likely to occur in normal operation;

(c) Zone 2: in which an explosive gas-air mixtureis not likely to occur in normal operation and,if it occurs, it will exist only for a short time.

BS 5345 also defines the areas outside thesezones as non-hazardous.

25 The following general guide indicates howthis might be applied to different parts of a fillingstation:

(a) Zone 0: the interior of petrol tanks and ofchambers containing tank filling connections;

(b) Zone 7: the interior of metering pump anddispenser housings, the vicinity of ventopenings, and pits and other depressionsbelow ground level partly or wholly within azone 2 area;

26 The guidance in Table 1, in conjunction withguidance obtained from suppliers of the equipmentinvolved and of the petrol, should be applied todetermine the extent of the various zones. Incompiling Table 1, regard has been paid tooperational factors peculiar to filling stations (egfree access of members of thepublic and theirmotor vehicles). Consequently, the extent of someof the zones may be different from those whichwould apply at a petroleum installation whereoperational factors (eg access limited toappropriately trained persons) are different. This isconsistent with the approach recommended in BS5345 Part 2, which describes a method of carryingout an area classification procedure. Local siteconditions may mean that the extent of zones willvary in individual cases, and each site should beconsidered separately. In particular, the horizontaldistances quoted for Zone 2 areas will depend onthe likely wetted area of a liquid spillage, and thiswill vary with paving and drainage conditions andthe degree of containment from walls and otherobstructions. Also, if a location apparently fallswithin two zones, that location should be regardedas being in a zone with the higher risk.

Table 1 Hazardous area classification

Areaclassification

Underground storage tanks (4 Within any tank and within any manhole chamber in which Zone 0there are tanker delivery hose connection points.

lb) Within any manhole chamber not containing tanker delivery Zone 1hose connection points.

(4 For tank filling connections, vertically for 1.25m above Zone 2forecourt level, extending horizontally for 3m and comingdown to forecourt level at a radius of 4.25m from theconnections (see Fig 1).

Vent pipes for underground (4 Within a radius of 3m in all directions of the open end of any Zone 1vent pipe.

(b) The area below the Zone 1 area of the vent pipe, for a radius Zone 2of 3m around the discharge point and down to ground level(see Fig 2).

6

Areaclassification

Metering pumps and (4 Within the metering pump/dispenser housing and anydispensers enclosed spaces directly connected thereto.

(b) Within approximately 3m horizontally, coning downwards to4.25m at forecourt level, of the centre line of the meteringpump/dispenser, and vertically to the top of the hydraulichousing with a minimum height of 1.25m (see Figs 3-5and zoning diagrams in BS 7117: Part 1 for exceptionsto this rule).

(c) For metering pumps/dispensers (or radial arms attachedthereto) incorporating a sight-glass, within 0.75mhorizontally from 0.15m above the sight-glass down toground level.

(4 Any canopy fitted to a low-hose metering pump/dispenser,provided adequate precautrons are taken to preventvapour from the dispenser body reaching the canopyThis is subject to the bottom of the canopy being at least1.25m above the forecourt level.

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 2

Non-hazardous(safe) area

Remote pumps (4 Within any enclosure around the pump. Zone 1

(b) Within 3m horizontally coning downwards to 4.25m at Zone 2forecourt level of the centre line of the remote pumphousing and vertically to the top of the hydraulic housingwith a minimum height of 1.25m.

Screwed or flanged jointsin above ground pipework

A cylinder 1 m in diameter centred on the joint extending from 1 mabove the joint to ground, unless the pipe is in an enclosed oressentially enclosed space in which case it is the entire space.

Zone 2

Road tankers parked forunloading

(4 Within 1 m in all directions of the centre of any tanker top Zone 1openings, extending 2m above the tanker shell and within300mm of the shell extending vertically down to ground level.

(b) Within 4.25m horizontally of the tank discharge connections Zone 21 m in all directions from the connections extending down toground level.

(c) Where the road tanker is parked under a canopy or similar Zone 2structure, within a radius of 2.5m of any opening on thetank top.

Forecourts The forecourt area within a 4.25m radius of dispensers and fillingpoints up to a height of 0.25m above ground level.

Zone 1

Buildings Kiosks and other small buildings with openings in a hazard zone. The appropriatezone at the sameheight throughoutthe building

Pits, trenches etc.Zone 1

Any pit, trench or depression below ground wholly or partly in aZone 1 or Zone 2 area.

7

NOTE. The manhole chamber is classified aszone 0 only when it contains points towhich tanker delivery hoses can beconnected (see table II.

NOTE. The manhole chamber is classified aszone 0 only when it contains points towhich tanker delivery hoses can beconnected (see table II.

Fig 1 Hazardous area surrounding underground storage tank (section)

Fig 2 Hazardous area surrounding vent pipe

8

Part 1 Planning, construction and installation

Planning and design 14Initial planning 14Locations of tanks, off-set filling points and pipelines 14Locations of vent pipes for underground storage tanks 75Locations of metering pumps and dispensers 15Locations of road tanker delivery stands 16Locations of buildings and other features 16

) .Construction and installation 76Construction of tanks and connections 16Installation of tanks 18Construction of pipelines and fittings 22Construction of vent pipes, including vapour balancing systemsInstallation of pipelines 23Construction and installation of metering pumps and dispensersConstruction of forecourts and road tanker delivery stands 26Construction of buildings 26Construction of canopies and other features 27

Marking and identification of tanks and associated equipment 27

Fire and emergency equipment 27

Warning and information notices 28General 28Notices for customers and other visitors 28Notices for filling station employees 29

Testing, commissioning and record keeping 29Testing of all tanks 29Testing of pipelines and fittings 29Metering pumps, dispensers and associated pumping equipment 30Commissioning 30Record keeping 30

13

Planning and design

Initial planning

27 Any site chosen for a filling station should besufficiently spacious for it to be designed tominimise the risks from petrol to any person likelyto be at or near the filling station. The locations oftanks, filling and vent pipes, metering pumps,dispensers, road tanker delivery stands andbuildings should be designed to provide foradequate means of escape for persons in theevent of a fire or other incident; for hazardousareas to be protected from sources of ignition; andfor safe access, routing, parking and exit ofcustomers’ vehicles, service vehicles and roadtankers.

28 Hazardous processes being carried out orhazardous materials being stored on land or inbuildings or other structures close to theboundaries of the filling station should be takeninto account. The locations of tanks and otherequipment and services at the filling station shouldbe chosen to minimise the effects of fire orexplosion at adjacent premises and to avoidjeopardising the adequate means of escape ofpersons at the filling station or at adjacentpremises. Consultation with the occupiers ofadjacent premises may be necessary.

29 The nature, location and depth of any wastedisposal (landfill), any subterranean water courses,culverts, pipelines or mine workings and anycuttings or tunnels for road or rail vehicles orpedestrians directly beneath or adjacent to thefilling station should be identified and assessed forany effects on the safe keeping of petrol. Wherethe licensing authority assesses that the risksinvolved with such features justify it, a form ofsecondary containment for, and contents or leakmonitoring of, the petrol storage should beprovided. The nature of the original use of landbeing redeveloped should also be identified andassessed. Consultation with responsible publicauthorities or other organisations will usually benecessary.

30 Initial planning should also take into accountthe guidance on planning for electricity suppliesand electrical equipment in Part 3; and the need forcoordination between all persons involved in thedevelopment of the filling station, eg the developer,contractors, operator, suppliers of equipment andpetrol, installers, etc.

31 As early as possible during the planningstage, the advice of the licensing authority should

be sought. Before any work on site is started, anapplication should be made to the licensingauthority. The application should be accompaniedby a site plan (approx 1 :lOO scale) showing thelocations of tanks, pipework, metering pumps,dispensers, drainage systems, buildings and otherstructures. Work should not be started until thelicensing authority has agreed the proposedarrangements in writing.

Locations of tanks, off-det filting points andpipelines

32 Petrol storage tanks should be locatedunderground, clear of the foundations of buildingsand not within buildings or in or withinapproximately 6m of basements. The centre linesof any tank openings or off-set filling points shouldbe not less than 4.25m from the publicthoroughfare or any other boundary of the fillingstation; but where there is an imperforate wall atthe boundary extending sideways not less than 6mfrom any filling point and not less than 3m inheight, filling points may be located close to theboundary. The locations chosen should allow fortank openings or off-set filling points to be in theopen air to ensure adequate ventilation fordispersing accumulations of vapour; and to beseparated from occupied buildings by a distancesufficient to minimise the effect of radiant heat onbuildings (eg 12m from living accommodation, 6mfrom other types of occupied buildings) unless theopenings to such buildings are themselvesadequately protected (ie to a minimum standard ofhalf-hour fire resistance). The locations of offsetfilling points should also allow for some form ofprotective construction (see para 73).

33 Pipelines from tanks to off-set filling points,metering pumps, dispensers and vent pipes shouldbe routed below the ground surface. The routeschosen should not be under buildings or otherobstructions so that access to the pipelines can begained if a need arises after installation. In theevent of alterations to the agreed pipeline routesshown on the original plan a final diagram shouldbe submitted to the licensing authority.

34 Tanks for flammable liquids with flash pointsof 32OC and above (eg diesel fuel, paraffin) shouldbe located in a safe place in relation to the petrolinstallation. Above-ground tanks should beseparated from petrol storage tanks and otherpetrol equipment by at least the distances specifiedin Table 2. In addition, guidance in HSE GuidanceBooklet HS(G)50 about, for example, minimumseparation distances from buildings, boundariesetc, and the provision of bunds for all abovegroundtanks, should be followed.

14

Table 2 Minimum distances between petrol equipment and the storage of high flash point liquids (32” and above) in above-groundstorage tanks

Tank capacity (litres)

Single ranks Total for agroup (maximum)

Minimum separation distances fromany part of a tank to fillingpoints of petrol tanks, ventdischarge points and meteringpumps and dispensers (metres)

up to 1000 30001 ooo- 5000 150005000. 33000 100000

33000- 100000 300000Above 100000 750000

4 ) *.

468

10

Table 3 Minimum distances between LPG facilities and petrol LPG cylinders and similar containers) should beequipment followed where appropriate.

LPG facilities Distance Petrol facilities Locations of vent pipes for undergroundstorage tanks

LPG tanks and 7.5m Metering pumps/dispensers,filling connections. tank vents, underground tank

manholes and fill points

LPG dispensers 7.5m Tank vents and fill points

Although the flammable liquids and LPG referred to in paras 34to 36 are not of themselves subject to licensing under thePetroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928, the licensing authority’spowers extend to them if, in the authority’s view, the presence ofsuch substances at a filling station affects the safe keeping ofpetrol.

35 At commercial filling stations (ie fillingstations where the public have no access), theguidance in para 34 may also be applied to theaboveground storage of liquids with flash pointsbelow 32OC other than petrol (eg some types ofanti-freeze).

37 The extensions of vent piping above groundshould be located where vented vapour will bedispersed safely into the atmosphere. Locationsshould be chosen taking into account conditions ator near the filling station which could adverselyaffect safe dispersal of any discharge and cause aflammable atmosphere to reach a source ofignition (eg the nature, height and location ofsurrounding developments; the direction ofprevailing winds and the possibility of unusual aircurrents caused by high buildings; and theproximity of possible ducts for vapour, such as roofgutters, down pipes, chimney stacks, ventilationshafts, trees, narrow passages and gaps betweenbuildings).

36 Underground, mounded or above-groundtanks for LPG should also be located where theywill not increase the risks of fires or explosions frompetrol. Minimum separation distances between LPGfacilities and petrol storage tanks and other petrolequipment are set out in Table 3. The delivery standfor the LPG tanker should be positioned so thatthese distances are not seriously reduced whenLPG is being delivered. The separation distancesshould be used in conjunction with the moredetailed advice in HSE Guidance Booklet HS(G)34(for bulk installations). In addition, detailed guidancein LPGITA Code of Practice No 20 (for LPG vehiclerefuelling facilities), LPGITA Code of Practice No 22(for pipework) and HSE Guidance Note CS4 (for

38 Vent pipes should extend to a height greaterthan the maximum liquid level in any road tankerlikely to deliver petrol to associated tanks and, inany case, not less than 5m above ground level.The vent discharge point should not be within 3m,in any direction, of opening windows or any otheropening to a building. Vent pipes should be notless than 3m from a boundary; but where there isan imperforate wall at the boundary extending fromground level and for at least 3m in any directionfrom the vent discharge point, they may be locatedclose to the boundary.

Locations of metering pumps and dispensers

39 Metering pumps and dispensers should belocated in the open air where they will beadequately ventilated. The centre lines of theirhousings should be not less than 4.25m from the

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public thoroughfare or other boundary of the fillingstation. They should be separated from occupiedbuildings by a distance adequate for protectionagainst the entry of fire (eg 9m from livingaccommodation, 6m from other types of occupiedbuildings) unless the openings to such buildingsare themselves adequately protected. They shouldbe positioned so that vehicles can be parked easilyin a convenient position alongside each dispenserwithout restricting the movement of other vehicles;and so that hoses do not have to be extendedunduly and are not likely to be damaged by contactwith stanchions or other obstructions. At attendedself-service stations, metering pumps anddispensers should also be located where vehiclesetc being filled from them can be adequatelyviewed and supervised from the control point.

Locations of road tanker delivery stands

40 The road tanker stand for delivering petrolinto storage tanks should be in the open away frombuildings (excluding canopies), dispensingactivities and emergency escape routes. It shouldbe large enough to allow a road tanker to bepositioned wholly within it during delivery (ie notless than 15m long and 5m wide at any point). Thelocation chosen should allow for the road tanker tobe positioned so that it has a clear andunobstructed escape route in a forward direction.The stand should be level with sufficient clearanceabove the tanker from any overhanging obstructionto permit dipping (see also para 44) and access tofoot valve controls.

Locations of buildings and other features

41 Any building intended for use as a controlpoint at an attended selfservice filling stationshould be located where an attendant at thecontrol point can exercise adequate supervisionover dispensing activities. The view from thecontrol point necessary to ensure adequatesupervision of dispensing activities shouldtherefore not be obscured by other buildings orstructures or by a road tanker properly positionedfor delivery of petrol into storage tanks (see alsoparas 126 and 127).

42 A building intended for use as a shop forconsumer goods and other services (includingshops known as convenience stores) may attractto the filling station large numbers of customers notassociated with petrol sales. As far as possible, thelocation of the building, together with anyassociated design features, should avoid thepossibility of such customers affecting the safeoperation of petrol dispensing or road tankerdelivery. Ideally, there should be two entrances to

the shop, one from the forecourt for customers forpetrol sales and one remote from the forecourt forother customers; and parking facilities withentrances and exits away from the petroloperations. Where this is not possible, adequateseparation between the petrol operations andpedestrians and vehicles visiting only the shopshould be achieved by the provision of clearlymarked routes and parking areas.

43 Vending machines $nd other facilities notrelated to the dispensing of petrol should belocated so that customers’ use of them and accessto them do not adversely affect the safe operationof petrol dispensing or road tanker delivery.

44 The need for the openings to storage tanks,off-set filling points, pipelines, metering pumps anddispensers to be in the open air (see paras 32, 33and 39) does not prevent the location of a canopyover a filling station forecourt provided that thedimensions of the canopy do not adversely affectthe ventilation of or access to the equipment. Anycanopy should not prevent the dipping of a roadtanker properly positioned for delivery of petrol intostorage tanks.

45 Petrol interceptors should always be installedand should be located where they will prevent thedrainage of any petrol spillages or watercontaminated with petrol from entering any watercourses, public drains or sewers or from otherwiseescaping from the filling station. Locations shouldbe chosen taking into account that water drainingfrom car wash facilities should not pass through thepetrol interceptors; that by-pass interceptors will notcope with large spillages and are therefore notsuitable for filling stations; that the capacity ofinterceptors should be adequate to contain at leastthe maximum contents of a compartment of a roadtanker likely to deliver petrol at the filling station;and that each chamber should be vented. Ventpipes should extend to not less than 2.4m aboveground level, should be not less than 75mmdiameter and of robust construction, and should bemanifolded above ground.

Construction and installation

Construction of tanks and connections

46 Underground mild steel storage tanks shouldbe designed, manufactured, inspected and testedin accordance with BS 2594 or other appropriaterecognised standard. Each tank or, in the case ofmulti-compartment tanks, each compartment,should be fitted with a manhole of the dimensionsdescribed in BS 2594 and fitted with adequate

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protection against damage to the bottom of thetank from any dipstick (eg a steel plate of 6mmthickness and adequate area welded inside thebottom of the tank beneath each dip pipe duringmanufacture).

47 Alternatively, underground GRP tanks maybe used provided that they are manufactured,inspected and tested according to BS 4994(Category I) and that, until a recognised standardspecific to GRP tanks for underground use isdeveloped, the special considerations set out inthis guidance are followed. Chemical resistancetesting of the resin to be used for the tanks (seeBS 4994, clause 6.5) and prototype tank testing(see BS 4994, clause 38.3) should be performed

as set out in Table 4; and prototype tank testingshould be witnessed by an independent assessor(see BS 4994, clause 38.1). Each tank orcompartment should be fitted with a bolted steelneck or a neck of flame retardant material (ie itshould achieve a class 1 rating under BS 476Part 7) and with adequate protection againstdamage to the bottom of the tank or compartmentfrom any dipstick. It should also be fitted with ametal plate which is electrically bonded to the steeltank lid; is in such a position in the base of the tankor compartment that any liquid contents will be incontact with it; and is of such a size that any liquidcontents will be no more than 2m from it (seeBS 5958 Part 2).

Table 4 Chemical resistance and prototype testing for underground GRP tanks

/tern Test Method

Resin Chemical resistance Representative specimens of resin laminate should be immersed in an appropriatereference fuel for 28 days at 38°C. After 28 days, the tensile strength, flexural strengthand lzod impact resistance (as determined by the appropriate method in BS 2782) mustbe not less than 80% of that of identical control specimens stored in air at 22OC (? 2OC)for the same period.

Prototypetank

Earth load The tank should be installed in a pit and supported on appropriate granular beddingmaterial (see paragraph 56). The pit should be backfilled with similar material to adepth of 900mm (+ 75mm) above the tank. The tank should not leak, fail or show adeflection of more than 2% of the vertical diameter of the unloaded tank whenmeasured at a fitting near the centre of the tank (see ASTM D.4021-86, item 6.4.1).

Prototypetank

Concentrated load The tank should be installed as described for the earth load test. A concentrated loadshould be applied at the mid-span of the tank (by hydraulic or other means) to a loadbearing plate 500mm square on the top of the covering backfilling material equivalent to500kg in excess of the current maximum permitted axle loading for a road tanker. Thetank should perform as required by the earth load test (see ASTM D.4021.86,item 6.4.2).

Prototypetank

External pressure The tank (empty) should be installed as described for the earth load test. The pit shouldbe backfilled to the level described for the earth load test and filled with water to thesame level. The water level should be maintained for 24 hours. During this period, thetank should perform as described for the earth load test.

Prototypetank

Water load The tank should first be subjected to an air pressure test to 0.35 barg and wiped with asoap solution to test for soundness (see guidance on safety in pressure testing in HSEGuidance Note GS4 and BS 4994, clause 39.7). The sound tank should then beinstalled in a pit. The pit should be backfilled to the level of the top of the tank and thetank filled with water. The tank should be subjected to an air pressure test to 0.7 bargfor at least 1 hour and should maintain that pressure during that period.

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48 Each tank or compartment should be fittedwith connections for filling, discharging andventing. Openings should be limited to thosenecessary for fitting those connections and, ifappropriate, for automatic contents measuringequipment. The filling pipe should be carried downinside the tank to not less than 40mm from thebottom of the tank or as near the bottom aspossible; the discharging pipe should terminate notless than 35mm above the bottom of the filling pipeto maintain a liquid seal. The delivery end of eachfilling pipe, whether the pipe is fitted for filling at thetank or compartment or at an offset filling point,should be fitted with a screw-on or snap-onlockable cap, provided with a suitable washer,incorporating, where appropriate, a separatecapped aperture for a dipstick. Any openingassociated with automatic contents measuringequipment should be capable of closure in a waywhich will prevent unauthorised access.

49 Each tank or compartment should be fittedwith accurately calibrated means for measuring itscontents. If a dipstick is to be used as the means,that dipstick should be made of brass, wood (with aprotected end), GRP or other material which willnot cause a spark when in contact with the tank,tank connections or tank surroundings. A dipstickmay only be used in a direct filling connection; inthe case of filling through off-set filling points,automatic means of measuring contents should befitted. In order to avoid spillage resulting from abuild up of back pressure, contents gauges shouldnot be installed in a filling pipe or vent pipe.

50 Each tank or compartment should also befitted with means for removal of accumulations ofwater. The means should be either through a directfilling pipe or, where an off-set filling point is used,by the insertion of a T-piece in the filling pipe withthe unconnected end securely plugged. Any plugarrangements should be removable only by theuse of tools.

51 Before each steel tank is lowered into itsexcavation ready for installation, it should becleaned of all exterior rust and scale andadequately protected against corrosion, eg by theapplication of one coat of red lead (BS 2523,composition Type B) followed by one coat ofbitumen, or by the application of two coats ofbituminous paint (BS 3416 or BS 6949). Any otherform of protection which might be proposed shouldbe the subject of specialist advice.

52 Any above-ground tanks for flammableliquids (see paras 34 and 35) should be designed,manufactured, inspected and tested in accordancewith BS 2594, BS 2654 or other appropriate

standard of good practice. Tanks should beprotected from corrosion according to, for example,BS 5493. Further guidance about above-groundtanks is in HSE Guidance Booklet HS(G)SO. Anystorage tanks for LPG (see paragraph 36) shouldbe in accordance with the standards in LPGITACOP No 20 and HSE Guidance Booklet HS(G)34.

Installation of tanks

53 Each underground steel tankshould beinstalled in an excavation ahd, with the exceptionof the tank or compartment manhole lid, should besurrounded by concrete not less than 150mm inthickness unless effective secondary containment(eg double skinned tank, specialised excavationliner) and contents monitoring are provided. Wheresecondary containment is provided, the excavationmay be backfilled as described in paragraph 56.Any concrete or infilling above the tank should bereinforced to withstand vehicular traffic. Each tankshould be supported by a reinforced concrete baseslab not less than 150 mm in thickness withsuitable fixing points for tank anchoring straps.

54 Each manhole lid for a steel tank and anyopening within the manhole, other than the uppertermination of any off-set filling pipe and vent pipe,should be enclosed in a chamber of concrete withwalls of not less than 150mm in thickness or ofother impermeable material capable of retainingany petrol spillage. Brickwork is not suitable. Eachchamber should be fitted with a cover which isstrong enough to withstand vehicular traffic andwhich is watertight or raised sufficiently aboveground level to prevent the entry of surface water.Diagrams of typical steel tank installations are atFigs 6 and 8.

55 Concrete for the tank surround and manholechambers should be made of one of the prescribedmixes for ordinary structural concrete in Section 6of BS 8110 to the standard set out in Table 5.

Table 5 Concrete for tanks etc

Grade designation C3OP

Type of cement Sulphate resisting Portland cement(BS 4027) or other sulphate resistingcement (BS 146, BS 4246)

Nominal maximum size 20mmof aggregate

Workability Medium

Method of compaction Needle or surface vibration

Minimum cement content 350kg per cubic metre

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Fig 6 Typical layout of a steel petrol tank mstallamn

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Fig 7 Typical layout of a GRP petrol tank mstallatlon -

Fig 8 Typical layout 01 a submersible pump with pressure IIWS

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56 A GRP underground tank should be installedwith the top at least 900mm below ground level or,where a concrete reinforced slab of not less than150mm thickness is installed above it as protectionfrom vehicular traffic, at least 450mm below groundlevel. It should be above a reinforced concretebase-slab of not less than 150mm in thickness andsurrounded by suitable granular backfill material ofnot less than 300mm. The concrete should beprovided with suitable fixing points for tankanchoring straps. Suitable backfill material wouldbe free flowing rounded pea gravel (ie with noparticle larger than 10mm and no more than 8% byweight capable of passing a no 200 sieve or with amix of particle sizes between 3mm and 20mm andno more than 3% capable of passing a No 8 sieve);stone or crushed rock (ie with an angular particlesize between 3mm and 12mm and no more than3% capable of passing a No 8 sieve); or drywashed sand. In some circumstances, the materialmay need to be contained in a filter fabric toprevent migration in the backfilled excavation.

57 The manhole lid for a GRP tank should beenclosed in a chamber which should be capable ofretaining any spillage of petrol. The walls of thechamber should not transmit any surface loading tothe tank shell; and any part of the tank shellexposed within the chamber should be flameretardant (ie it should achieve a Class 1 ratingunder BS 476 Part 7). The chamber should befitted with a cover as described in para 54. Allmetal tank lids, metal pipework etc should beelectrically bonded. A diagram of a typical GRPtank installation is at Fig 7.

58 Each excavation for a steel or GRP tankshould be made with particular care if it is in thevicinity of existing buildings or structures. It shouldprovide a firm level base for the tank; and ledgesor high spots which might stress the tank should beavoided. The sides of the excavation should beadequately shored to prevent soil or other materialfrom falling into the hole. Guidance in the HSEleaflet Safety in excavations should be followed.

59 Each tank should be lowered into theexcavation with sufficient care to avoid damage tothe tank or its protective coating. Where there is apossibility of flotation, it should be anchoredeffectively. Where metal or wire rope anchoringstraps are used with a steel tank, a layer of dampproof membrane should be placed between thestraps and the tank. Anchoring straps for a GRPtank should be of nylon or similar material to avoidabrasion or distortion of the tank shell. Before anyconcreting or complete infilling takes place, thetank should be tested (see paras 98 to 102). Anychocks should be removed at the time of

concreting. Any removable shoring used in anexcavation for a GRP tank should be removed bystages as the gravel is compacted to ensure thatno voids are left.

60 Any above ground tanks for flammableliquids (see paras 34 and 35) should be installed inaccordance with HSE Guidance Booklet HS(G)50.Any storage tanks for LPG (see para 36) should beinstalled in accordance with LPGITA COP20 andHSE Guidance Booklet HS(G!)34. I,

Construction of pipelines and fittings

61 Tubes for pipework should be manufacturedin accordance with BS 1387 to the thicknessspecified for medium tubes and, if intended for usewith petrol, should be galvanised. Pipework shouldbe constructed in accordance with a suitablestandard (eg ANSI B31.3 (with EEMUAsupplement 153) or, if welded construction isadopted, BS 2971). Joints should be kept to aminimum; those installed below ground should bewelded or screwed with a corrosion allowance builtin to design. To minimise leakage, welded jointsare to be preferred and should always be used innon-hazardous areas. Adequate protection againstcorrosion should be provided with particularattention to vulnerable areas (eg screwed joints).Aboveground pipework may have welded, screwedor flanged joints although it should be recognisedthat any screwed or flanged joint will create aZone 2 area (see Tablel). It should be adequatelyprotected against corrosion. Any valves should beconstructed of materials which are sparkproof andcorrosion resistant. Any jointing compound shouldbe resistant to petrol.

62 Where pipework using other material suchas plastic or GRP is planned, specialist adviceshould be sought and the plan should bediscussed with the licensing authority.

63 Where a GRP underground tank is beingused, all pipeline connections within the tankmanhole chamber should incorporate flexiblesections manufactured of material appropriate totheir exposed nature within the manhole chamber(eg stainless steel). Such sections should preventdamage to pipework or connections in the event ofdifferential movement between the tank and anyconcrete-encased steel pipework. This is notnecessary if plastic or GRP pipework is used.

64 A check valve should be fitted in eachsuction pipeline to restrain the fallback of petrol tothe tank or compartment between deliveryoperations or during prolonged shut down of thesystem (eg overnight). It may be fitted in the

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suction pipeline immediately above the tank lid(see Fig 6) or at the metering pump.

65 A leak detector system should be fitted witheach underground pressure delivery line from aremote or submerged pumping unit, unless thedelivery line is down stream of the meter (eg adouble walled pipe with a suitable monitoringdevice in the void). For ease of maintenance, anisolating valve should be fitted in the pressure lineat each dispenser. Fig 8 illustrates examples ofthese features.

66 An impact check valve to cut off fuel in theevent of impact should be provided in the pressuredelivery line riser at the base of each dispenser(see Fig 8 and BS 7117 Part 2). Alternatively,adequate protection from damage for thedispenser and its associated pipework (eg byplacing a riser pipe within the web of a substantialH section beam) should be provided.

Construction of vent pipes, including vapourbalancing systems

67 A separate vent pipe should extend fromeach tank or compartment, should not be less than40mm diameter and should have no dips whichmight trap small amounts of petrol. Subject to theparticular conditions at the filling station (seeparas 37 and 38), each open end should beconstructed to discharge upwards. Except in thecase of vapour balancing arrangements wherespecial considerations apply (see

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concrete base. In the case of an impact checkvalve or isolating valve, the pressure line mayterminate in a shallow, liquidtight pit. The pit shouldbe constructed with walls and floor of concrete ofthe standard in Table 5 and of not less than150mm in thickness. The pit should be as shallowas possible and should in no case be deeper thanis necessary to accommodate the valve (seeFig 8).

73 Where possible, each off-set filling pipeshould be installed so that the filling connection isabout 0.3m above ground, with the terminationangled to assist connection with the road tankerdelivery hose. Each off-set filling point should beadequately protected against impact (eg byinstalling kerbs, bollards, barriers or boxing, or byinsetting into surrounding or overhanging walls).

74 Where it is necessary to terminate an off-setfilling point below ground, it should be installed in a

’ chamber made of concrete to the standard inTable 5 with walls of not less than 150mm inthickness. The chamber should be fitted with acover as described in para 54 above. Any change-over or isolating valves should be installed andfitted in the same way.

75 Before any concreting or infilling ofunderground pipe runs takes place, all fillings,suction, syphon and vent pipes should beseparately identified and tested (see paragraphs103 to 105).

Construction and installation of meteringpumps and dispensers

76 All metering pumps and dispensers shouldbe constructed, certified and installed inaccordance with BS 7117 Parts 1 and 2 or otherequivalent standard (see also para 182). Anymetering pumps or dispensers intended for liquidsother than petrol should, if located within 6m ofequipment for petrol, conform to the samestandard.

77 In addition to the construction standards inBS 7117 Part 1, metering pumps and dispensers atunattended self-service filling stations shouldinclude a limiting device designed to prevent acontinuous outflow of petrol of more than 50 litres(the limiting device should be additional to anymoney, token or credit card pre-set device). Anindependent timing device to prevent continuousoperation of the pump for a period of more than3 minutes should also be included. Such devicesare not necessary at filling stations wheredispensing equipment is controlled or may be shutoff in an emergency by an attendant. At

unattended commercial filling stations to which thepublic do not have access, limiting devices of 100litres may be installed but no independent timingdevices are necessary.

78 Metering pumps and dispensers should besecurely mounted on islands or plinths raisedabove the surface of the surrounding forecourt orotherwise securely fixed with adequate protectionagainst damage from vehicles. Any island shouldbe constructed of concrete kith an impact-resistantkerb.

Construction of forecourts and road tankerdelivery stands

79 Areas subject to vehicular traffic should beconstructed of materials capable of supporting theanticipated weight and intensity of traffic withoutexcessive settlement, cracking or erosion. Areasabove underground tanks and pipe runs should beadequately reinforced (see paras 53 and 71).

80 The surface of any area within a radius of3.6m of metering pumps and dispensers should bepaved with non-slip concrete, or concrete blocksmanufactured in accordance with BS 6717 Part 1.Blocks should be a minimum of 80mm thicknessand should be secure against lateral movement.Any area intended as a road tanker delivery standshould be paved with non-slip concrete.

81 Surface drainage of any area surroundingmetering pumps, dispensers and road tankerdelivery points should be arranged to carry anyspills or leaks of petrol, through trapped gullies orby channels, to petrol interceptors before drainingfrom the filling station (see para 45). Water from carwash facilities should not be channelled through theinterceptors. Interceptors should be fitted with outletpipes which are larger than the inlet pipes, ventpipes (which should interconnect above ground)and manholes with covers; and should be installedin concrete of the standard in Table 5. If necessary,manhole chamber covers and the ground surfaceabove the interceptors should be strong enough towithstand vehicular traffic.

Construction of buildings

82 Buildings should be constructed generally ofnon-combustible materials and should conform tonational and local building regulations andpractices where applicable. They should haveadequate means of escape in case of fire andshould be adequately ventilated. Floor finishesshould be non-absorbent, resistant to oil and water,and non-slip. All doors forming part of the means ofescape from any part of a building should be

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capable of being opened from inside at times whenthe filling station is open for business.

83 Doorways or other openings to buildingslikely to be affected by any spills or leaks of petrolshould be raised above the level of the surroundingground surface or protected by sills.

84 Any space heating equipment of a standardappropriate to and installed in a building in an areaclassified as non-hazardous should not beconnected to a hazardous area by means of ductsor ventilators. An exception is indirectfired heatersprovided that all incoming air is fresh and the ductsinto the area are sited at least 1.8m above floorlevel (see BS 6230 for indirectfired gas heaters).Any equipment installed in an area classified ashazardous should be constructed to an explosion-protected standard suitable for the zone in which itis installed. Consideration should also be given toinstalling heating at a high level (ie at or close to theceiling) so that the equipment is not likely to act asa source of ignition for petrol contaminated clothing.

Construction of canopies and other features

85 Canopy structures should also beconstructed of non-combustible materials andshould conform to national and local buildingregulations and practices. Subject to the provisosin subparagraphs (a) and (b), canopy claddingshould have a surface spread of flamecharacteristic not inferior to Class 1 of BS 476Part 7.

(a) Canopy facias should have a surface spreadof flame characteristic not inferior to Class 3of BS 476 Part 7. The edges of allplastic/acrylic materials should be protectedby steel or aluminium;

(b) Lighting units may be installed undercanopies provided that they do not exceed10% of the canopy area and are placed toprevent flame spread from one to another.Diffusers for the units should have a surfacespread of flame characteristic not inferior toClass 3 of BS 476 Part 7.

86 Where canopy stanchions are part of orclose to metering pumps and dispensers, anycladding should have a surface spread of flamecharacteristic not inferior to Class 2 of BS 476Part 7. Pole and price signs should stand apartfrom the canopy and, unless their proximity to aroad tanker delivery stand makes a higherstandard necessary, should have a minimum ofClass 3 surface spread of flame.

87 Lighting boxes installed over meteringpumps and dispensers should be small, isolatedfrom the metering pumps/dispensers andpositioned to prevent flame spread from one toanother. They should have a surface spread offlame characteristic not inferior to Class 3 ofBS 476 Part 7 and any exposed edges should beprotected by steel or aluminium.

Marking and identifhation of tanks andassociated equipment

88 The purpose of marking and identification isto avoid confusion or errors which might lead to anincident. All markings and identifications should beclear, durable, not readily altered or obliterated(taking into account chemical corrosion), and inpositions where they can be easily read. Paper orcardboard labels should not be used.

89 Each tank should be marked with anidentifying number to distinguish it from any othertank. In the case of multi-compartment tanks, eachcompartment should be marked with a separatenumber and type of fuel. Each dipstick or othermeasuring device should be marked to beidentifiable with its associated tank or compartment.

90 Each direct filling or off-set filling pipe shouldalso be marked to be identifiable with itsassociated tank or compartment and to show thetype of fuel which its associated tank orcompartment is used for. The marking should beas close as possible to the connection for thedelivery hose from a road tanker. All valves inpipework should be marked similarly and anyabove-ground pipework should be colour-coded.

Fire and emergency equipment

91 The possibility of fires or other incidents atfilling stations is minimised by careful site planningand design, sound construction and installation oftanks and other equipment, and good operatingpractices. Nevertheless, fires and petrol spills orleaks may occur. Adequate means for summoningthe local fire brigade and suitable equipment forcontrolling minor incidents and for limiting theescalation of incidents should be installed.

92 At attended self-service and attendantoperated filling stations, a telephone should beinstalled close to any control point or attendant’skiosk. In addition, the following devices should beinstalled.

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(4

(b)

Cc)

(4

At a location readily accessible for quickoperation by an attendant at the control point- an emergency switch for switching off allmetering pump/dispensing equipment andintegral lighting with an adjacent warningnotice (eg PETROL PUMPS. SWITCH OFFHERE);

On the forecourt readily accessible tofirefighters and members of the public - anemergency switch which will isolate allmetering pumps/dispensing equipment andintegral lighting with an adjacent warningnotice as above;

At a location accessible to firefighters calledto deal with an emergency - a switch fordisconnecting neon and/or high voltagesigns with an adjacent warning notice(ie HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN. FIREMAN’SSWITCH);

At attended self-service filling stations - aloudspeaker system for communicating withcustomers.

Upto 2

For up to each additional 2 1 moreFurther guidance on isolation and switching isgiven in paras 201 to 212; and on loudspeakersystems in para 194.

93 At unattended self-service filling stations, anemergency cabinet should be installed on theforecourt to be readily accessible to customers.The cabinet should be conspicuous and shouldhouse a telephone, fire extinguishers and anemergency switch interlocked with the door of thecabinet to isolate the metering pumps when thedoor is opened (see also para 210). A switchshould also be installed as described in paragraph92(c). In addition, the following emergency warningnotices should be installed at or close to:

Notes1 Extinguishers should not have fire ratings of less than348 in tests shown in BS 5423.2 All extinguishers at a filling station should be compatibleand of the same method of operation. BS 5423 and BS 5306Part 3 are appropriate.

Warning and information notices

General

(a) the telephone - a notice displaying the nameand address of the filling station and of theperson to be contacted in case ofemergency;

(b) dispensing points - notices displaying theactions to be taken in the event of a fire orother emergency.

All notices should be conspicuous, should beilluminated where necessary and may be pictorialor may include pictorial symbols, if appropriate.Guidance on specifications for notices is given inpara 95.

95 The use of conspicuous and easilyunderstood notices can help the safety ofoperations at filling stations and the effective actionnecessary in the event of a fire or otheremergency. There are therefore clear advantagesin following the BS safety signs and colours systemfor all notices, whether or not they are or theyinclude pictorial symbols. For certain types of signsin some circumstances, the Safety SignsRegulations 1980 require that system to befollowed (see para 18(a)). In all othercircumstances, the system (including the fire safetysigns system) in BS 5378 and BS 5499 should befollowed when selecting signs to carry theinformation in paras 69, 92, 93 and 96.

Notices for customers and other visitors

94 At all filling stations a supply of dry sand or 96 At all filling stations, in addition to the noticessimilar absorbent material should be kept in a described in paras 69, 92 and 93, notices

container with a close fitting lid and should beinstalled in an accessible place. The means forapplying the material should also be provided. Thesupply should be sufficient to clean up small spillsor leaks of petrol (eg 1 full bucket for each fireextinguisher installed). Other fire and emergencyequipment, including any fire extinguishers whichmay be necessary for kiosks and other smallbuildings associated with the forecourt, should beinstalled in accordance with advice from the localfire brigade. As a general glide, the,minimumequipment necessary for the forecourt consists offoam fire extinguishers of not less than 9 litrescapacity each or dry powder extinguishers of notless than 4.5kg capacity each according to thescale in, and notes below, Table 6.

Table 6 Fire extinguishers

Metering pumps ordispensers

Extinguishers (see Notes below)

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displaying the words PETROL (or PETROLEUMSPIRIT), HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, NO SMOKINGand SWITCH OFF ENGINE should be installed inthe vicinity of metering pumps or dispensers. Theyshould be positioned so that the warnings andinstructions are brought to the attention ofcustomers immediately on their arrival at thedispensing equipment. Similar notices should alsobe installed close to tank filling points.

compartment should be pressurised up to 0.5 bargand sealed, temperature and atmospheric readingsshould be taken and the tank or compartment left forthe period of test as set out in Table 7. There shouldbe no pressure loss during the period of test.

Table 7 Period of pressure test

Notices for filling station employees

Nominal capacity of tank or Period of testcompartment not exceeding I \

97 The Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928,Section 2(4), requires an occupier of a fillingstation to display a notice setting out anyconditions of licence to be observed by personsemployed at the filling station (see para 8). Thenotice should be installed where it is readilyaccessible and easily readable by all employeeslikely to be at the filling station at any time.

15,000 litres30,000 litres45,000 litres60,000 litres

24 hours48 hours72 hours96 hours

Testing, commissioning and recordkeeping

(Note: When a multi-compartment tank is tested, pressureshould be applied so that the maximum differential pressurebetween adjacent compartments does not exceed 0.14 barg.Care should be taken to ensure there is no overpressurisationof compartment plates).

Testing of all tanks

98 Each underground tank should be examinedvisually before installation and tested forsoundness by a competent person after loweringinto the excavation but before concreting or infillingtakes place. The purpose of the visual examinationis to check that any corrosion protection applied tothe exterior of a tank is undamaged and that thetank is securely settled on a level base. Thepurpose of the test is to ensure that the tank or anycompartments remain sound under pressures atleast as great as those they must sustain duringnormal service. The competent person shouldcertify his satisfaction with the examination andtest. Notice of the examination and test should begiven to the licensing authority so that an officermay agree a time and date for visiting, ifnecessary.

101 In the case of GRP tanks, the guidance inparas 99 and 100 should be followed. Precautionsshould be taken to ensure that any tanks leftuncovered after testing are not damaged byvehicles or other work activities. In cases of doubtabout the integrity of tanks left uncovered for aperiod, retesting should be undertaken before thetanks are finally covered.

102 Guidance on safety in pressure testing inHSE Guidance Note GS4 should be followed. Theguidance stresses the dangers of all pressuretesting and sets out specific safety precautions.

Testing of pipelines and fittings

103 All joints in pipelines should be tested forsoundness and checked for signs of leaks by acompetent person before underground pipe runsare encased in concrete or otherwise buried. Priornotice to the licensing authority and certification ofsatisfaction should be given (see para 98).

99 Generally, hydrostatic testing according tothe following method should be used for steeltanks. Each tank or compartment should be filledwith water to just below the neck of the manholecollar. Additional pressure of 0.5 barg should beapplied by means of air and the pressuremaintained for one hour. There should be noobservable leaks.

104 All non-pressure lines (ie suction, off-setfilling and vent pipes) should be subjected to airpressure of 0.7 barg. While under that pressure,each joint should be wiped with soapy water andchecked for signs of leaks. The soapy water shouldbe applied over the surfaces of all elbows andsimilar fittings.

100 Alternatively, in exceptional circumstances 105 All pressure lines (ie pipelines betweenwhere the possibility of hydrostatic testing as remote or submerged pumps and dispensingdescribed above is excluded, a pneumatic test equipment) should be hydrostatically pressurewithout water may be used, as follows. The tank or tested at 111~ times their normal working pressures

29

and examined for leaks. Alternatively, provided thatguidance on safety in pressure testing in HSEGuidance Note GS4 is followed, an air pressuretest may be used over a period based on 2minutes for every 5 litres capacity of the line,subject to a minimum of 15 minutes. During thetest, soapy water should be used to detect leaks(see para 104).

Metering pumps, dispensers and associatedpumping equipment

106 All metering pumps, dispensers andpumping units, together with associated valves,should be checked for leaks after installation by acompetent person. Hoses and nozzles and theirconnections should also be checked. Furtherguidance is included in BS 7117 Parts 1 and 2.

Commissioning

’ 107 Before the filling station is brought intooperation, it should be inspected by the licensee orother competent person to ensure that its conditionis safe for public access and use. In particular, theinspection should ensure that:

para 10). The licensing authority is unlikely to granta licence until items (a)-(h) of para 107 have beensatisfied.

Record keeping

109 Paragraph 166 points out that themanagement of safety at a filling station will benefitfrom the maintenance of clear records of variousactivities which affect safety. A specimen registerfor keeping the records sequentially is included atAppendix 1. Such records are best started with theagreed site plan including final pipeline routes (seeparas 31 and 33), the results of initial tests andinspections of tanks, pipelines, metering pumpsand dispensers (see paras 98, 103 and 106) andthe results of the commissioning inspection (seepara 107).

(a)

’ (b)

(4

(4

(e)

(f)

(9)

(h)

all initial tests of tanks, pipelines and fittingshave been carried out and certified;

the initial inspection and tests of theelectrical installation have been carried outand certified (see Part 3);

the site is clear of combustible material,including weeds and long grass, contractors’plant and equipment;

all emergency equipment has been installedand is in working order;

all warnings and information notices are inplace;

all necessary means of escape are provided;

all marking and identification of tanks andassociated equipment have been carried outaccurately;

all drainage and interceptors are installedand connected.

Appropriate records should be completed (seepara 109 and Appendix 1).

108 Before petrol is brought onto the fillingstation, its keeping should be authorised by alicence issued by the licensing authority (see

30

Part 2 Operations and maintenance

General operations 32Responsibility for safety 32Relationship with the licensing authority 32Precautions against fires, explosions, leaks and spills 32

Dispensing activities 33General 33Attendant operated filling stations 33Attended self-service filling stations 33Unattended self-service filling stations 33Commercial filling stations 34

Storage activities 34Road tanker deliveries 34Storage of diesel fuel In multi-compartment petrol tanks 34

Monitoring and testing for leaks 34Continuous inventory checking 34Leak testing 35

Maintenance, repairs and modifications 35General 35Cleaning of tanks 36Repair of tanks 36Modification of tanks 36Tanks taken out of use temporarily 36Tanks taken out of use permanently 37Disposal of tanks 37Modification, repair and removal of pipelines 38

Operating and emergency procedures 38

Training 38

Record keeping 38

31

General operations

Responsibility for safety

110 Overall responsibility for the safety ofoperations at any filling station rests with thelicensee. Arrangements for keeping anddispensing petrol authorised by the licensingauthority at the time of the issue of the licenceshould be adhered to; conditions attached to thelicence should be met; all reasonable steps toprevent fires, explosions and leaks or spills ofpetrol should be taken; clearly defined operatingand emergency procedures should be brought tothe attention of all persons involved; and adequatetraining for persons employed should be provided.A responsibility for the safety of operations alsorests with persons employed during the times theyare involved with the running of the filling station.

Relationship with the licensing authority

111 Arrangements authorised by the licensingauthority when the licence is issued commonlycover matters such as the total quantity of petrolwhich may be kept, the locations and sizes oftanks, the configuration and number of meteringpumps or dispensers, the mode of operation of thefilling station (eg attended self-service operation),the locations of road tanker delivery stands and thenatures and locations of buildings or otherstructures. Any proposals to vary the authorisedarrangements should be submitted to the licensingauthority; work should not start until the licensingauthority has agreed to it in writing. Anyinformation about developments adjacent to thefilling station which might affect the safety ofoperations should be passed to the licensingauthority.

112 The licensing authority should also be givennotice of:

(a)

(b)

Cc)

(4

any fire, explosion, spillage or other incidentinvolving petrol and any leak or suspectedleak of petrol, as soon as possible after theevent;

any proposal to discontinue the use of anystorage tank or compartment;

any proposal to repair, modify or remove astorage tank or compartment or pipeline;

any intention to transfer the occupancy of thefilling station to another person.

Precautions against fires, explosions, leaksand spills

113 As far as possible, all sources of ignitionshould be excluded from hazardous areas (seeparas 23 to 26). Likely sources of ignition includesmoking, smoking materials and other nakedflames; any tools or other equipment which maycause sparks if rubbed, knocked or chippedagainst metal, concrete or brick; hot surfaces; andfixed or portable electrical equipme,nt notspecifically designed for use in hazardous areas(see Part 3).

114 Appropriate steps should be taken to preventleaks and spills of petrol and to detect the sourcesof any leaks, including leaks suspected becauseof, for example, evidence from monitoring petrolstocks and use (see paras 135 to 138) orexcessive petrol odours at or in the vicinity of thefilling station. Any leaks or spills should beprevented from escaping from the filling station.Small leaks or spills should be cleared up promptlyby the application of dry sand or other absorbentmaterial.

115 All sand or other material used for clearing orcontaining leaks or spills should not be exposed toa source of ignition and should be disposed ofsafely (eg by removal from the fil!ing station by ahazardous waste disposal specialist). If it isretained for any length of time pending disposal, itshould be kept in a safe place (eg in a closed binor other container). Any other materialcontaminated with petrol (eg clothing, rags, soil)should be treated in a similar way.

116 Any leaks or spills should be removedpromptly from petrol interceptors and drainagechannels, if necessary by a waste disposalspecialist (see also guidance on regularmaintenance in para 148).

117 All emergency equipment should be keptreadily available and in a condition ready forimmediate use (see paras 91 to 94). All warningand information notices or signs should be onunobscured display. Levels of lighting appropriateto safe operations at tank filling points anddispensing equipment should be provided duringthe hours of darkness or in other dark conditions(see para 195).

118 All means of escape from areas of the fillingstation likely to be affected by a fire or otherincident should be free from obstruction at alltimes. All areas of the filling station, including inparticular vent pipes, manhole and other chambersand off-set filling points, should be kept clear of

32

combustible material and rubbish (eg oily rags, oil,grease, cartons, long grass and other vegetation).Any material removed during cleaning operationsshould be disposed of safely.

119 Goods incompatible with the need to avoidfires and explosions from petrol (eg fireworks andother explosive substances) should not be offeredfor sale at filling stations.

120 Except when the filling station is open forbusiness and an attendant is directly supervisingoperations (or, in the case of an unattendedselfservice station, someone is on call), allelectrical power to dispensing equipment should beswitched off and the equipment securely locked toprevent nozzles being removed from housings.Except when they are needed for immediate use,all tank filling and dipping pipes and access tothem should also be securely locked. Means toswitch on power and to release locking devicesshould be inaccessible to the general public.

Dispensing activities

General

121 Petrol should be dispensed only by means ofdispensing equipment of an appropriate standard(see para 76) into the fuel tanks of motor vehiclesor into appropriately marked or labelled portablecontainers suitable for keeping petrol (see paras15(a) and 18(b)). As far as possible, persons underthe age of 16 years should be denied access topetrol; and all radio transmitting equipment (eg CBradios, mobile telephones) should be restrictedfrom operating at a filling station (nb radiotransmitting equipment could present a potentialsource of ignition if operated within the vicinity ofdispensing equipment).

122 Engines of vehicles should be switched offbefore dispensing starts. Dispensing equipmentshould be operated in accordance with themanufacturer’s instructions (eg equipmentdesigned to be operated by an attendant should beoperated only by an attendant). Nozzles should befully inserted into the filling pipes of vehicle fueltanks. Delivery hoses should not be kinked orstretched. After dispensing, nozzles should befirmly stowed in their housings to switch offmetering pumps and dispensers or, in the case ofcentralised pump systems, to isolate hoses fromsources of pressure. If appropriate, hoses shouldbe draped to avoid damage by moving vehicles.

123 Suitable portable containers (see para 15(a))

should be filled with the nozzle operating leversheld open manually. Containers should be securelyclosed as soon as dispensing finishes and shouldbe removed from the dispensing area promptly.

124 If any equipment faults arise or spills, leaksor other emergencies occur during dispensingoperations, those operations should stop andnozzles should be returned to their housings. Theelectrical supply should be isolated from faultyequipment. Dispensing should not restart until anyfaults affecting safety have been corrected or anyincidents have been dealt with.

Attendant operated filling stations

125 Whenever an attendant operated fillingstation is open for business, a trained attendantshould be available to operate the dispensingequipment in the manner described in paras 121 to124. The attendant should not allow customers tooperate the equipment with or without supervision.No operating attendant should be under the age of16 years and no one under the age of 18 yearsshould be left in sole charge of a filling station.

Attended self-service filling stations

126 Adequate supervision of all dispensingactivities at an attended selfservice filling stationshould be exercised by a trained attendant orattendants at a suitably located and equippedcontrol point or points (see paras 41 and 92). Theage restrictions referred to in para 125 aboveapply. Pump control equipment should not allowany activation of dispensing equipment unless theattendant, only on demand, releases a specificpump identified by its pump number (ie thereshould be no facility for dispensing equipment tobe activated automatically).

127 An attendant should not activate anydispensing point unless satisfied that no smokingor other sources of ignition are present; that theengine of the vehicle to be filled is switched off;that adequate supervision can be continued; andthat any necessary action in the event of anemergency or deviation from dispensing in themanner described in paras 122 to 124 can betaken. Irrespective of the configuration and numberof dispensing points at the filling station, anattendant should not activate any more dispensingpoints than can be adequately supervised at anyone time.

Unattended self-service filling stations

128 Operating procedures for any unattendedself-service station should be as simple as

33

possible. Notices giving clear instructions for safedispensing, against misuse and in case ofemergency, together with adequate emergencyequipment, should be kept in place (see paras 93to 96). The licensee or a representative should beon call to customers whenever the filling station isopen for business.

Commercial filling stations

129 Dispensing activities at commercial fillingstations to which the public do not have accessgenerally take place with the individual dispensingthe petrol acting as the attendant. In thesecircumstances, the guidance in para 128 should befollowed.

Storage activities

,Road tanker deliveries

130 Detailed requirements for road tankeroperators and drivers, licensees and persons incharge of storage tanks during road tankerdeliveries to filling stations are set out inRegulation 20 and Schedule 4 of the DangerousSubstances (Conveyance by Road in Road Tankerand Tank Containers) Regulations 1981. Generalguidance on unloading is included in the ApprovedCode of Practice associated with the 1981Regulations (see para 15(c)). All delivery activitiesmust be carried out in accordance with thoseprovisions (Note: At certain filling stations whereHSE, in conjunction with the licensing authority,has exercised its statutory powers in the 198 1Regulations to allow driver-only deliveries, thedelivery activities must follow the specialconditions imposed under those statutory powers).

131 At any filling station with a vapour balancingsystem (see para 68), care should be taken toprevent release of petrol vapour at ground level.Consequently, when connecting hoses prior todelivery of petrol, the vapour hose should beconnected before the delivery hose. On completionof the delivery operation, the vapour hose shouldnot be disconnected until the delivery hose hasbeen discharged and disconnected.

132 Adequate warning notices should be inplace during deliveries (see para 96). At certainexisting filling stations where road tanker deliverystands located to the standards set out in para 40are not available, the road tanker should beparked for delivery at a safe distance off anypublic thoroughfare or according to specificarrangements agreed by the licensing authority.

Delivery of petrol and LPG simultaneously shouldnot be made.

Storage of diesel fuel in multi-compartmentpetrol tanks

133 Where diesel fuel intended for use in motorvehicles is stored in a compartment of a multi-compartment petrol tank, all the precautions andstandards necessary for the storage of petrolshould be followed. Distinctiye marking andidentification should be in place (see paras 88 to90), adequate steps to detect leaks should betaken (see paras 135 to 138) and regularmonitoring to detect any contamination should becarried out. In the event of failure of acompartment, the whole tank should be regardedas failed.

134 Fuel intended for use in heaters should bestored in tanks separate from petrol.

Monitoring and testing for leaks

Continuous inventory checking

135 Consistent, accurate monitoring of petroldelivered, stored and dispensed should be carriedout at any filling station to detect leaks from eachunderground tank and connected pipeline system.At least once during each working day an inventorycheck and record should be made as follows:-

(a) measure the contents of each tank orcompartment;

(b) before more petrol is delivered or dispensed,take a reading of the meter totalisator of eachconnected metering pump or dispenser;

(cl maintain a running record of themeasurements and readings for eachseparate tank or compartment andconnected system, together with a record ofassociated deliveries.

136 The daily record should be maintained in aform which shows clearly all gains and losses foreach tank or compartment and connected pipelinesystem. It should be retained at the filling stationfor at least 12 months and should be available forexamination by the licensing authority at allreasonable times.

137 Inventory checking should be supported byregular checks for the presence of.water in eachtank or compartment. The presence of water in

34

quantities greater than might reasonably beexpected from the effects of condensation couldresult from leakage through the manhole covergasket, pipeline connections, or fractures orcorrosion in the tank shell.

138 The effectiveness of inventory checking as amethod for detecting leaks depends upon theconsistent accuracy of the checks, the reliability ofthe methods of measurement and a competentassessment of the trends indicated by the results.Competent assessment requires a progressivecomparison of recorded results, taking into accountthe possible effects of significant temperaturevariations or volumetric measurement, possible lossof petrol through vapour release (eg during tank orcompartment filling) and results of checks for thepresence of water. Small daily discrepancies which,over a period, tend to vary around a norm, are likelyto arise from the factors mentioned above ratherthan from direct leakage. But significant leaksshould soon be apparent and smaller leaks shouldbe identifiable from a trend established over aperiod of days rather than months.

Leak testing

139 When any leaks are suspected, either as aresult of inventory checking or for any otherreason, the licensing authority should be informed.Tests on tanks or compartments and connectedpipelines should be carried out and any defectivestorage and dispensing system taken out ofservice. Any suspected tank or compartmentshould be subjected to an ullage test using wateror a pressure test on water (ie hydrostatic testing).For safety reasons a pressure test using air or gason an empty tank is unsuitable for testing theintegrity of an underground tank after installation.

140

(4

3 (b)

Cc)

Cd)

(4

A suitable ullage test is as follows.

Remove any petrol from the tank orcompartment.

Blank off all pipeline connections (other thanvent pipes) to the tank or compartment to betested.

Fill the tank or compartment with water towithin approximately 25mm of the manholeneck.

Determine the ullage (eg by dipping with ashort ullage rod to penetrate the surface ofthe water for a few centimetres only).

Seal the tank or compartment (other thanvent pipes) for at least 24hours.

(f 1 Redetermine the ullage using the method insubparagraph (d).

(g) If in doubt about the result, repeatsubparagraphs (e) and (f).

141 Any hydrostatic testing used should be inaccordance with the method described in para 99.

142 Any connected blanked-off pipeline normallysubject to pressure should be tested by inert gas ata pressure equivalent to 111~ times the normalworking pressure of the pipeline. The period of testshould be sufficient for any leak to be identified.Any non-pressure lines should be tested inaccordance with the method set out in para 104except that inert gas should be used as the testmedium.

143 Water used for the tests referred to inparas 140 and 141 will be contaminated withpetrol. Therefore it should be either removed fromthe filling station by a hazardous waste disposalspecialist or disposed of through the petrolinterceptor at the filling station provided that:

(a)

(b)

(cl

(4

(e)

the capacity of the interceptor is adequatefor the purpose;

the interceptor is cleared of*any petrol by adisposal specialist before the contaminatedwater is discharged into it;

the discharge of contaminated water throughthe interceptor is monitored to ensure thatundue turbulence does not occur;

the pumping rate of the contaminated waterfrom the tank is controlled as necessary;

on completion, any petrol in the interceptor isremoved by a disposal specialist.

Maintenance, repairs and modifications

General

144 A maintenance scheme to ensure theintegrity of plant and equipment, the presence andeffectiveness of safety and emergency provisionsand the maintenance of the site in a condition freefrom fire hazards should be in operation at anyfilling station. Records should be kept to monitorthe various elements of the scheme, to show anysignificant faults detected and to reflect significantrepairs and modifications (see para 166 andAppendix 1).

35

145 Periodic examination and servicing of plantand equipment should be carried out by acompetent person. The periods between servicingshould depend on the recommendations of themanufacturer, supplier or installer of each piece ofplant or equipment and the advice of thecompetent person who last carried out anexamination. In the case of underground storagetanks a scheme for examination, including thescope and frequency of thorough examination,should be agreed between the licensee and thecompetent person. Options for thoroughexaminations include ultrasonic thickness testingand the leak tests described in parasl39 to 141.As a general guide, an interval betweenexaminations of 10 years may be consideredreasonable. However, the competent person’sassessment may result in such an interval beingextended if the type of installation, the presence ofleak detection measures or the geographicallocation warrants it; or in the interval beingreduced, particularly where a tank is more than 20years old.

146 Specific guidance on servicing meteringpumps, dispensers and associated equipment isgiven in BS 7117 Part 3.

147 Any modifications, repairs, removals orabandonments of tanks, tank compartments,pipelines, metering pumps, dispensers andassociated equipment should be under the controlof a competent person. Any modifications orrepairs to tanks which affect tank integrity shouldbe carried out in accordance with the designstandard. Adequate precautions should be taken toensure that all plant or equipment on which work isto be undertaken and any area of the filling stationin which work is to take place are free from the riskof ignition of a flammable atmosphere. Guidanceabout the cleaning and gas freeing of tankscontaining flammable residues in HSE GuidanceNote CS 15 should be followed.

148 On a regular basis, all parts of the fillingstation should be cleaned to keep them free fromcombustible rubbish and other material likely tocause a hazard (see also para 118). All emergencyequipment, warning and information notices andsafety devices should be checked foreffectiveness; and all petrol interceptors anddrainage channels should be cleared to preventrestriction of surface drainage at least twice a year.

Cleaning of tanks

149 Cleaning (ie the removal of solid and liquidresidues) of underground tanks or compartmentsmay be necessary for a variety of reasons. It

should be carried out only after the surroundingarea has been cleared of all possible sources ofignition, the tank has been emptied and gas-freed(ie the removal of all flammable vapour from thetank) and all pipeline connections have beenisolated from the tank. In some circumstances, thefilling station may need to be closed duringoperations. With all gas freeing and cleaningoperations, the detailed guidance on appropriateprocedures, equipment, precautions and methodsin HSE Guidance Note CS 15 should be followed.When entry into a tank is necessary, HSEGuidance Note GS5 should also be followed.

Repair of tanks

150 As a general rule, any corroded tank or anyother defective tank which has been installedunderground for more than 10 years should betaken out of use permanently rather than repaired.In other cases (eg weld or metal failures in anytank less than 10 years old), repairs may bepossible but should be carried out without theapplication of heat or flame which could affect theexternal surface of the tank. The tank should begas-freed and cleaned as described in paral 49, orinerted as described in HSE Guidance Note CS 15.The repairs should be carried out by plugging thefailed area of the tank and lining the whole interiorof the tank with suitable material. .They should beregarded as strictly temporary and subject to afinite extended life as recommended by thecompetent person.

Modification of tanks

151 Where it is necessary to modify a tankmanhole lid (eg to adapt or add equipmentincorporated in a manhole lid) the tank should berendered safe by the method described inpara 153. The manhole lid should be removed formodification and a blank lid put in its placemeantime. Cold cutting or drilling methods suitablefor use in hazardous areas may be considered.

152 Where other modifications are necessary (egto pierce the compartment divisions in a multi-compartment tank), the tank should be prepared asdescribed in para 149 or inerted in accordance withHSE Guidance Note CS 15.

Tanks taken out of use temporarily

153 Where any underground tank orcompartment is taken out of use pending cleaningor modifications, or during redevelopment of thefilling station, it should be rendered safe. A suitablemethod is:

36

(a) remove all residual petrol;

(b) fill the tank or compartment with water toensure a liquid seal;

(c) disconnect and drain all pipelines (exceptvent pipes) and add water to the tank orcompartment until clear water appears at thevent pipe opening;

Cd) cap or blank off all openings to the tank orcompartment;

(e) flush through and cap at each end allpipelines previously connected to the tank orcompartment.

Provided that frequent, regular examinations arecarried out and appropriate steps taken to ensurethe maintenance of water filling, to detect thepresence of petrol on the surface of the water andto remove such petrol, the tank or compartmentmay remain in this condition for a period of up to 1year. Other suitable inerting techniques areavailable and may be used where appropriate tothe particular circumstances of a tank being takenout of use temporarily.

154 Any tank temporarily made safe for a periodshould be leak tested according to para 139 beforebeing brought back into use. Contaminated waterresulting from temporary making safe and anysubsequent testing should be disposed ofaccording to para 143.

Tanks taken out of use permanently

155 Where any tank or compartment is defectiveand cannot be repaired or is to be taken out of usepermanently for any other reason, the tank shouldbe removed from its excavation and disposed ofsafely or, in cases where removal is not possible ornecessary, rendered safe and abandoned in place.

156 Any tank to be removed should be renderedsafe before excavation work starts. For a tankwithout leaks, the procedure described inpara 153(a) to (e) should be followed or the tankfilled with nitrogen. Excavation work should becarried out with the tank in filled condition and withsuitable precautions to avoid sparks. When thetank is ready for lifting, any water used should beemptied and all openings immediately closed.Water should be disposed of according topara 143. For a tank with leaks, all residual petrolshould be removed and the atmosphere in the tankinerted by means of carbon dioxide, nitrogen ornitrogen foam (see guidance on these inertingmethods in HSE Guidance Note CS 15). lnerting

should be maintained during the excavationprocess; any fault in the tank shell should be sealedas soon as it is exposed; and the atmosphere in theexcavation should be monitored throughout theprocess in case of leakage of inert gas or of thepresence of a flammable atmosphere arising frompetrol leakage. Any excavated tank should beindelibly marked on two sides with the wordsPETROL - HIGHLY FLAMMABLE in letters not lessthan 50mm high; and should be water filled orremain inerted, as appropdate, pending disposal.

157 Any tank without leaks which is to beabandoned in place should be dealt with accordingto the procedure described in para 153(a) to (e).Immediately on completion of flushing, the water,except that necessary to retain a liquid seal of anyresidues, should be pumped out and disposed ofaccording to para 143. If the tank is not to be filledwith concrete or sand immediately, it should befilled with nitrogen foam so as to prevent theingress of air and the formation of a flammableatmosphere within the tank. If this is not done thenall sources of ignition should be removed for adistance of 3m in all directions around tankopenings (eg manholes) while concrete is beingadded. Lean-mix concrete should be added to fillthe tank completely. The concrete should bevibrated to remove air pockets. Sand or otheradequate alternative, appropriately vibrated orpuddled with small amounts of water to ensurecomplete filling and remove air pockets, may beused instead of lean-mix concrete. Any leakingtank or compartment to be abandoned in placeshould be inerted by means of carbon dioxide,nitrogen or nitrogen foam (see HSE Guidance NoteCS 15) prior to filling with lean-mix concrete, sandor adequate alternative.

158 The location of any abandoned tank shouldbe recorded and brought to the attention of anyperson who subsequently becomes responsible forthe site.

Disposal of tanks

159 Any tank which has been removed from itsexcavation should be disposed of safely as soonas possible. Preparation for and removal by roadshould be in accordance with the provisions ofCertificate of Exemption No 8 of 1984 of theDangerous Substances (Conveyance by Road inRoad Tankers and Tank Containers) Regulations1981. The person responsible for removal of a tankfrom a filling station should ensure that therecipient of the tank is made aware of the tank’sprevious use and of the need to take adequateprecautions against fires and explosions whendealing with it.

37

160 Cleaning or demolition of any tank on site (see Appendix 1). They should be kept undershould not take place without the agreement of the review to ensure that refresher training, and anyappropriate authority. Preparation for cleaning or training in new techniques or for new equipment, isdemolition should be in accordance with HSE provided when necessary.Guidance Note CS 15 and the guidance on safetyin tank demolition in HSE Guidance Note GS 2912.

Modification, repair and removal of pipelinesRecord keeping

161 The modification, repair or removal of anypipeline should not be carried out until the affectedpipeline has been drained, isolated from fuelsources and, in the case of vent pipes, blanked off.The surrounding area of the filling station shouldbe rendered free of flammable vapour. Anyexcavated pipeline should be removed from thefilling station as soon as possible and disposed ofsafely.

Pperating and emergency procedures

162 Written procedures for normal andemergency operations should be available topersons working at any filling station. Theprocedures should set out clearly the actionsnecessary for compliance with the licence andother legal requirements, safe operation, effectivemaintenance and appropriate emergency response

i at the filling station. Where appropriate, theprocedures should be issued in whole or in part toindividuals so that there can be no doubt about theactions necessary and where variousresponsibilities lie.

163 All operational and emergency proceduresshould be reviewed regularly. They should beamended to take into account any changes in localcircumstances, any alterations or modifications tothe plant or equipment at the filling station and anypractical experience arising from suspected oractual leaks, spills or other incidents.

( Training

164 All persons working at any filling stationshould be given adequate theoretical training andpractical instruction to ensure that they fullyunderstand the hazardous characteristics of petrol,the operational and emergency procedures at thefilling station and relevant licensing and other legalrequirements. Examples of subjects which shouldbe included in training programmes for variousfunctions are set out in Appendix 2.

166 The management of safety at a filling stationwill benefit from the maintenqnce of clear, readilyavailable records of various &ctiviti\es’ which affectsafety. Such records will ensure that a licenseeand any person employed at a filling station canmonitor safety performance effectively and identifyservicing and maintenance needs adequately.They will also ensure that visiting maintenance andinspecting contractors and licensing authorityinspectors can obtain information essential to theeffective performance of their functions.Consequently, a specimen register for keepingrecords is set out in Appendix1 ; the suggestedformat can be adapted to suit particularcircumstances, types of plant and equipment, andcompany policies and practices. In any event,records should be kept sequentially; should bebased on the items referred to in para 109 if theyare available; and should include the results ofinventory checking (see para 136), maintenancerecords (see paras 144 to 146), written proceduresfor normal and emergency operatibns (seeparas 162 to 163) and details of training given (seeparas 164 to 165).

165 Records of training should be maintained

38

Part 3 The electrical installation, equipment and testing

Hazardous area classification 4 1

Planning and design of site electrical supplies 47Siting of premises 47Site electrical supplies 41Lightning 4 7Protective multiple earthing 47Back up power supplies 42 I \

The electrical installation: planning and design 42Exchange of information 42

The electrical installation: selection and installation of equipment 42General 42Equipment in hazardous areas 42Equipment in non-hazardous areas 43Environmental conditions 43Maintenance considerations 43Lightning protection of buildings and structures 43Radio and electrical interference 43

The electrical installation: location of equipment 43Dispensers for paraffin oil and diesel fuel 43Battery charging equipment 45Vent pipes 45Canopies 45Loudspeaker systems 45Luminaires 45Radio-frequency transmitting equipment 45Socket outlets 45Portable and transportable equipment 45

Isolation and switching 46General 46Main switch 46Pump motors, integral lighting and ancillary circuits 46Central control point 46Emergency switching 46High voltage or neon signs 47

Short circuit and overload protection 47General 47Pump motors, integral lighting and ancillary circuits 47

Protection against electric shock 47General 47Earthing 47Main earthing bar or terminal 47Earthing of dispenser circuits in hazardous areas 48Earthing bars or terminals in equipment enclosures 48Metallic conduit, ducting and trunking 48Bonding 48Interconnection of earthing systems 48Continuity of bonding connections 48LPG installations at petrol filling stations 48

39

Wiring systems 48General 48Conductor material 49Cables for intrinsically-safe circuits 49Cables for extra low voltage circuits 49Cables installed underground 49Protection against mechanical damage 49Types of cable 49

Initial inspection and testing 49General 49Visual examination 50Electrical testing 50

Periodic inspection and testing 51General 57Visual examination 57Electrical testing 57

40

Hazardous area classification

167 Paragraphs 23 to 26 and Table 1 above giveguidance on the concept of hazardous areaclassification or zoning in relation to petrol fillingstations. All references to hazardous areas andzones in this Part should be interpreted in the lightof that guidance. Diagrams of typical zoningapplications for tanks, vent pipes and meteringpumps/dispensers are in Figs 1 to 5.

168 All areas of a filling station outside thehazardous areas classified in accordance withparas 23 to 26 can be classified as non-hazardousunless they are affected by processes or eventswhich create their own hazardous areas (eghandling, storage, spills or leaks of petrol).

Planning and design of site electricalsupplies

Siting of premises

169 Generally the site should be arranged so thatthere are no overhead conductors (eg power ortelephone lines) at their maximum horizontal swingpassing over an area within 3m of the hazardousarea, and over or within a radius of 3m of the tankvent pipes and a line extending vertically upwardsfrom the vent pipes.

170 Exceptionally, where all relevant authoritiesare in agreement, the site may be located beneathoverhead lines provided that precautions are takento avoid the dangers from falling cables, thepossibility of stray currents in the metalwork andthe possibility of direct contact of deliverypersonnel using dip sticks on tops of tankers. Amethod for achieving this is as follows.

(a)

(b)

(4

The hazardous area associated with themetering pumps/dispensers should beprotected by the creation of anequipotentially bonded metallic cover overthe area.

Where an overhead line passes over an areawithin 3m of the hazardous area associatedwith the metering pumps/dispensers anequipotentially bonded metallic cover shouldbe created over the hazardous area andextended for a further 3m beneath theoverhead line.

The supports for the metallic cover should belocated outside the hazardous area

Cd)

(e)

associated with the meteringpumps/dispensers.

The metallic cover should be electricallybonded to a ring of driven earth rodssurrounding all buried metalwork and tanksof the site to a depth not less than thebottom of the deepest tank.

In any event, the vent pipes and road tankerdelivery stands should be located away fromthe area beneath the overhead lines asdescribed in para 169.

Site electrical supplies

171 The filling station site should be supplied viaunderground cables suitably protected againstmechanical and environmental damage and routedoutside the hazardous areas. Where the fillingstation site is supplied via an overhead system, theconductors should be terminated outside thehazardous areas and the supply continued bymeans of underground cables, suitably protectedagainst mechanical and environmental damageand routed outside the hazardous areas (see alsoparas 235 to 237).

172 If the filling station forms part of and adjoinspremises on the site (eg a garage’or service area),the supplies to the filling station portion of the sitemay be routed above ground from the otherpremises but within the confines of or fixed to thebuildings. The intake position should be located inan easily accessible low fire risk position and keptunobstructed.

Lightning

173 Where the site is located in an areasusceptible to lightning discharges and anoverhead line provides the electricity supply, thelocal area electricity board should be consultedabout surge divertors to protect the installationagainst the effect of lightning surges on thesupplies (see also para 188).

Protective multiple earthing

174 The filling station area should be treated as aseparate system and not be supplied by means ofan electrical system in which neutral and protectivefunctions are combined in a single conductor inpart of the system (ie a TN-C-S system). Wherethe filling station is part of a larger site and themain supplies to the site are provided from a TN-C-S system, the filling station should be segregatedto minimise the possibility of uncontrolled currentsto earth. If the supply authority are unable to

41

provide a supply from a TN-S system to the fillingstation site, it should be provided with its own earthelectrode to which the exposed conductive parts ofthe installation are connected (ie a TT system) andprotected by its own independent residual currentdevice(s). As an alternative, consideration could begiven to the installation of a TT system using anisolation transformer for the filling station.

175 To minimise the inadvertent interruption ofpower to hazardous area circuits, any residual currentdevice(s) incorporated in circuits serving a hazardousarea should be independent of the operation ofdevices protecting nonhazardous area circuits.

Back up power supplies

176 When back up power supplies are providedexternal to the petrol dispenser computerequipment, they should be connected to theequipment located in the hazardous area either bya changeover device located outside thehazardous area or, if the equipment contains itsown changeover facilities, by direct independentwiring into the equipment. Adequate isolationfacilities should be provided. Where high levels ofelectrical interference from other equipment orexternal sources are likely, care should be taken inthe design and erection of the installation to reducethe possibility of interference signals affecting thenormal operation of the installation.

The electrical installation: planning anddesign

Exchange of information

177 The facilities needed at the filling stationshould be ascertained as accurately as possible byconsultation between the client and, asappropriate, the operator (if not the client), thearchitect, the consultant, the main contractor, theelectrical contractor, the fuel dispensing equipmentmanufacturer and installer, the fire insurer, thelicensing authority and any other public authorityconcerned. Documents should then be preparedshowing:

(a) details of the installation proposed andrelated external conductive parts (egpipework and structures) and additionalbonding whether or not it forms part of theelectrical installation:

(b) the accommodation and structural provisionsrequired for the equipment (eg siting ofcentral control point, location of kiosk etc);

Cc) chases, ducts, conduits, channels, trunkingand other provisions required for electricalwiring.

178 The documents prepared should be retainedat the filling station for future use in initial andperiodic inspections and tests. During the course ofthe installation work, they should be amended toreflect any changes since the design stage.Appendix 1 sets out a specimen of a site registerwith which the documents ‘should be kept.

The electrical installation: selectionand installation of equipment

General

179 The electrical installation should comply withthe edition of the IEE Wiring Regulations, includingany amendments, current at the time the work iscarried out. Any proposal to use alternativeelectrical equipment or wiring should give a degreeof protection equivalent to that in this guidance andshould be the subject of discussion with thelicensing authority.

Equipment in hazardous areas

180 Equipment should be constructed to anexplosion-protected standard suitable for the zonein which it is to be installed and used. In designingthe electrical installation in hazardous areas and inselecting and installing the equipment, referencemay be made to BS 5345. HSE Guidance BookletHS(G)22 also gives guidance on the types ofelectrical equipment available for use in potentiallyexplosive atmospheres and on the selection,installation and use of such equipment.

181 Preferably the equipment used should be ofa type certified as suitably explosion-protected byan accredited or otherwise recognised testing andcertifying body (eg BASEEFA or one of the otherbodies listed in Appendix 1 of HSE GuidanceBooklet HS(G)22). The equipment should bear themark and certification number issued by the bodyand, in the case of equipment marketed under theEEC Explosive Atmospheres Directives (see HSEGuidance Booklet HS(R)l5 (revised)), thedistinctive European Community .mark of an Exbordered by a hexagon. Where the certificationnumber on the equipment is followed by an X,special installation conditions apply and thecertification documents should be studied beforethe equipment is installed. Suitably explosion-protected equipment which has not been certifiedmay also be used provided that it has been

42

assessed as providing a level of safety equivalentto certified equipment; and that adequateinformation is available to demonstrate that theequipment is considered to be acceptable for usein potentially explosive atmospheres and about anyconditions necessary for safe use.

182 Metering pumps and dispensers shouldcomply with the standards in BS 7117 Part 1 orBASEEFA Certification Standard SFA 3002 (Note:When BS 77 7 7 Part 1 is fully operative, SFA 3002will be withdrawn except to the extent necessary forrecertification of metering pumps/dispensersoriginally certified to that standard). Any equipmentintended for on site modifications of meteringpumps/dispensers should be the subject of anassessment report by the relevant certifying body(ie a report attesting that a combination of themodifying equipment and the particular type ofmetering pump/dispenser for which the equipmentis intended will comply with the standard to whichYhe metering pump/dispenser was originallymanufactured and certified).

Equipment in non-hazardous areas

183 Where equipment is installed in a non-hazardous area but is associated with, controls orsupplies equipment located in a hazardous area,

; then in addition to the normal requirements for thisequipment, it should be selected and installed soas not to have an adverse effect on the explosionprotection concept of the equipment located in thehazardous area. Equipment which ingests air foruse (eg vacuum cleaning equipment, car wash,warm air central heating systems or air compressoretc) should not be installed where the effect of itsoperation will extend a hazardous area.

Environmental conditions

184 Each item of electrical equipment shouldeither have a degree of ingress protectionappropriate to the environmental conditions inwhich it is installed or be contained in an enclosure

I giving this level of protection. Particular attentionshould be given to the prevention of ingress ofwater and moisture into equipment installed on theforecourt or in other external locations. Guidanceon the ‘Index of Protection’ indicated by therelevant ‘IP number’ is given in BS 5490.

185 The ‘IP number’ system relates to protectionagainst contact with live parts and the prevention ofthe ingress of solid particles, water and moisture. Itis not related to, and should not be confused with,types of protection against the explosion hazard. Inhazardous areas in exterior environments, bothforms of protection should be provided.

Maintenance considerations

186 When selecting electrical equipment, thequality and frequency of maintenance that theinstallation can reasonably be expected to receiveduring its intended life should be taken intoaccount. The reliability of the equipment should beappropriate to the intended life. All equipmentshould be designed and arranged to allow foroperation, inspection, testing, maintenance andaccess to connections. s t

187 A test point for measuring the earth loopimpedance should be provided at the origin of thesupply. This could be done by the provision of aswitch fuse connected as shown in Fig 11 (seealso Appendix 5). The switch fuse should bemarked “For testing purposes only” and should belockable.

Lightning protection of buildings andstructures

188 Where protection against lightning isrequired, the installation should comply with BS6651. The main earthing terminal of the electricalinstallation should be electrically connected to thelightning conductor by a bonding conductor ofcross sectional area not less than that required forcompliance with the IEE Wiring Regulationscurrent at the time (see, for example,Regulation 5472 of the 15th edition of theRegulations). The connection of the bondingconductor to the lightning protection system shouldbe made in the vicinity of the lightning conductortest clamp and to the down conductor side thereof(ie to the side of the clamp opposite the earthelectrode connection). It should not pass throughthe hazardous area.

Radio and electrical interference

189 The installation should be designed andinstalled so that it does not cause radiointerference in excess of the limits specified inBS 800.

The electrical installation: location ofequipment

Dispensers for paraffin oil and diesel fuel

190 Where paraffin oil and diesel fuel dispensersare installed within a hazardous area, theirelectrical equipment should meet the requirementsfor the appropriate zone.

43

Fig 11 Test point for measuring earth loop impedance

44

Battery charging equipment

191 Battery charging equipment, other than thatintegral with the metering pump/dispenser shouldbe installed outside any hazardous area of thefilling station.

Vent pipes

192 Vent pipes should not be used for mountingor securing luminaires or other electricalapparatus. This does not preclude the use ofclamps or other means of securing conductors forelectrical bonding purposes, where required.

Canopies

193 Canopies are generally constructed aboveand clear of hazardous areas related to meteringpumps/dispensers, etc. Therefore, luminairesmounted beneath or within the underside of acanopy should not normally require explosionprotection. However, care should be taken whensiting such luminaires to anticipate hazardousareas which may be introduced by the use oftanker dip sticks or other portable equipment;which may arise from nearby vent pipes; or whichmay exist because pressurised jointed pipeworkhas been or will be located in a canopy (Note: AZone 2 hazardous area may exist in the vicinity ofscrewed or flanged joints - see Table 7).

Loudspeaker systems

194 Where dispensing equipment at an attendedself-service filling station is likely to be supervisedat any time by a single attendant from a controlpoint, a loudspeaker system should be installed(see Part 2). Any loudspeaker should either beinstalled in a non-hazardous area or be suitablyexplosion-protected for the zone of installation in ahazardous area.

Luminaires

195 Any dispensing areas of the forecourt andany road tanker delivery areas should beadequately lit for safety purposes at all times ofuse. The illuminance at ground level in the aboveareas and the read out level of any dispensingequipment should be not less than 100 Iux. Furtherguidance on illuminance is available in HSEGuidance Booklet HS(G)38.

196 Any luminaire installed in a hazardous areashould be suitably explosion-protected for the zoneof its location. In the case of canopy luminaires, theguidance in para 193 should also be followed.Luminaires containing lamps with free metallic

sodium should not be located in or abovehazardous areas because of the fire hazards ifsuch lamps fall or are dropped. On all luminaires,the maximum permissible lamp wattage should beclearly indicated by a durable or permanent labelsecurely fixed inside or on the outside of theluminaire. On small illuminated components, thelamp voltage and wattage should be indicated.

Radio-frequency transmitting equipment

197 Where any device capable of emittingelectromagnetic waves is installed, care should betaken to ensure that it cannot induce a current orcharge which could ignite a flammable atmosphere(see BS 6656).

Socket outlets

198 Any socket outlet should either be installedin a non-hazardous area or be suitably explosion-protected for the zone of installation in a hazardousarea. It should also have ingress protectionsuitable for the environment in which it is located.

Portable and transportable equipment

199 Portable and transportable equipmentintended for use in hazardous areas should besuitably explosion-protected for Zone 1 use.Portable handlamps should be of an explosion-protected design certified by BASEEFA orequivalent international body and should operate atextra low voltage (not exceeding 50 volts AC) toreduce the electric shock risk.

200 Portable equipment (other than handlamps)and transportable equipment should be suppliedvia a thermoplastic or elastomer insulated flexiblecable or cord with a continuous flexible metallicscreen or armour and with a PVC, PCP or similarsheath overall. The metallic screen or armourshould be connected to the supply protectiveconductor and should not be used as the solemeans of earthing Class I equipment. Theequipment should be supplied at a reduced voltage(eg 110 centre tapped earth supply) or, if suppliedat a higher voltage, should preferably be providedwith either earth proving or monitoring protection ora residual current device having a rated residualoperating current of not more than 30mA. Forfurther advice, see HSE Guidance Note PM 32.

45

Isolation and switching

General

201 Where necessary to prevent danger, suitablemeans should be available for cutting off thesupply of electrical energy from any electricalequipment and for the secure isolation of anyelectrical equipment from every source of supply ofelectrical energy. Where standby supplies areinstalled, they should be subjected to the sameisolation and switching requirements as a mainsupply, except as defined in para 208.

202 Means of isolation and switching shouldcomply with the IEE Wiring Regulations current atthe time (see, for example, Chapter 46, section476 and section 537 of the 15th edition of theRegulations) and with paras 203 to 212.

203 Devices for isolation and control of ametering pump/dispenser unit circuit shouldinterrupt simultaneously all live poles, includingneutral, and be located in a non-hazardous area.Devices for isolation for maintenance purposesmust have locking off facilities. Isolating devicesshould comply with BS 5419, except as defined inpara 208. Fuse carriers are not acceptable as ameans of isolation for metering pump/dispensercircuits.

204 A common device may serve more than onefunction provided that it satisfies all therequirements for each function (eg therequirements for isolation and for emergencyswitching may be satisfied by using a ‘no-voltrelease’ circuit breaker operated by emergency tripbuttons and incorporating the requiredcharacteristics of an isolator).

Main switch

205 Main switchgear should be located in a non-hazardous area and should incorporate the mainswitch and the means of isolation required by theIEE Wiring Regulations current at the time ofinstallation (see, for example, Regulations 476-l 5and 476-l of the 15th edition of the Regulations).The functions may be achieved by installation of asuitable isolating switch or an isolator linked with aswitch or circuit breaker in the required manner.The switches should interrupt simultaneously alllive conductors of the installation, including theneutral.

Pump motors, integral lighting and ancillarycircuits

206 Every metering pump/dispenser circuit notintrinsically safe should be provided with anisolating switch or isolating circuit breaker fordisconnection from the source of electrical energy.Where the equipment is supplied from more thanone source of electrical energy (which may includea central control point or pump based batterysupport) suitable warning noticesshould be affixedwithin the housing and adjacent to any externalisolating devices (nb an intrinsically safe circuit isone in which no spark or any thermal effectproduced in the test conditions prescribed in BS5501 Part 7 which include normal operation andspecified fault conditions is capable of causingignition of a given explosive atmosphere).

207 For extra low voltage circuits where electricshock protection is not the prime consideration, asuitably explosion protected device (relay orswitch) capable of withstanding 500 volts dc acrossopen contacts may be considered as providingequivalent isolating facilities.

208 Where a time delay is required for legalmetrology purposes or for the discharge of energystorage devices before working on equipment, asuitable warning notice should be affixed.

Central control point

209 In addition to the means of isolation requiredfor individual metering pumps/dispensers, attendedself-service filling stations controlled from a centralcontrol point or points should have at each point ameans of disconnecting all other forecourt circuits.

Emergency switching

210 In addition to the main switch controlling theinstallation, a separate emergency switchingdevice should be provided to disconnect the supplyto all metering pumps/dispensers and their integrallighting. The means of operation of the emergencyswitching device should be readily visible andidentifiable to the public and within easy reach forquick operation in cases of emergency. The meansof resetting the switch should be manual and belocated where it is inaccessible to unauthorisedpersons.

211 A conspicuous notice should be fittedadjacent to each means of operation of theemergency switching device bearing the wordsPETROL PUMPS SWITCH OFF HERE. Themeans of operation of the switch should becoloured red against a yellow background.

46

High voltage or neon signs

212 High voltage or neon signs should not belocated in the hazardous area. Where they areinstalled elsewhere on site, they should complywith BS 559. An isolating switch should beprovided to disconnect all live conductors of thesupply to such signs and associated controlequipment. A conspicuous notice bearing thewords HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN. FIREMAN’SSWITCH should be affixed adjacent to it. Theswitch should be installed in accordance with theIEE Wiring Regulations current at the time ofinstallation (see, for example, Regulations 476-l 2,476-l 3 and 537-l 7 of the 15th edition of theRegulations). The enclosure for the switch shouldhave ingress protection not less than IP 55.

Short circuit and overload protection

“General

213 For circuits supplying dispensing equipment,a single device for short circuit and overloadprotection should preferably be used. If separatedevices are used for short circuit and overloadprotection, each device should be labelled to showits function and its characteristics should be

t coordinated in accordance with the IEE WiringRegulations current at the time of installation (see,for example, Regulation 435-l of the 15th editionof the Regulations).

214 Every short circuit protection device shouldhave a rated breaking capacity not less than theprospective short circuit current at the point ofinstallation of the device. Discrimination ofoperation between series devices should beensured for both short circuit and overloadprotection.

Pump motors, integral lighting and ancillarycircuits

3 215 Each circuit should be protected againstshort circuit and overload by a suitably ratedmultiple pole circuit breaker arranged to break alllive conductors including the neutral (see para 206for isolation of dispenser circuits).

Protection against electric shock

General

216 Protection against indirect contact should beprovided by means of earthed equipotentialbonding and automatic disconnection of supply, or

by use of equipment of Class II construction wheresuch equipment is under effective supervision innormal use. All circuits feeding equipment on theforecourt must be disconnected in a time notexceeding 400ms in the event of the occurrence ofan earth fault.

Earthing

217 The earthing arrangeTents for theinstallation should provide for connection of themain earthing terminal to the supply authority’scable sheath (TN-S system) or an electrodeindependent of the incoming supply (TT system).

218 A supply authority’s Protective MultipleEarthing Facility (TN-C-S system) should not beused for earthing electrical apparatus in a fillingstation. Where the filling station supply is derivedfrom such a system, and the supply authority isunable to provide a supply from a TN-S system,the earthing facility for the installation shouldprovide for connection to an electrode arrangementnot connected to the supply authority’s earthingfacility. The installation should be treated as part ofa TT system. See also paras 174 to 175.

219 The electrode arrangement may be providedby suitably driven earth rods, earth mats, tapes etclocated outside the hazardous area and shouldcomply with BS CP 1013. Individual electrodesshould be located and interlinked to provide acommon electrode resistance area for the fillingstation site. Provision should be made for theseparate testing of individual electrodes.

220 Prior to the installation of any earthelectrode, a prospecting test should be carried outin accordance with the recommendations inBS CP 1013. It may be necessary to install anindependent electrode for test purposes,depending on the electrode arrangement.

Main earthing bar or terminal

221 A main earthing bar or terminal for aninstallation should be provided at the junction ofthe earthing conductor and the main bondingconductors connected to main metallic servicepipes, structural metal-work etc. The bar orterminal should be in an accessible positionlocated near to point of supply and should afforddisconnection of the earthing conductor from themain bonding conductors and protectiveconductor(s) of the installation to facilitate testingof the earthing arrangements. This joint shouldpreferably be in the form of a mechanically strongand electrically reliable link so that it can bedisconnected only be means of a tool.

47

Earthing of dispenser circuits in hazardousareas

222 A protective conductor for a dispenser circuitshould be provided by means of a cable corewhich should be connected to an earthing terminallocated in the dispenser junction box or motor.

Earthing bars or terminals in equipmentenclosures

223 An earthing bar or terminal should beprovided in every enclosure of electrical equipmentother than equipment specified as having Class IIconstruction. Protective conductors of relatedincoming and outgoing circuits should terminate atthe earthing bar or terminal in the enclosure. Whenmore than two protective conductors are involved,an earthing bar having an appropriate number ofterminal ways should be provided.

‘Metallic conduit, ducting and trunking

224 Where metallic conduit, ducting or trunkingenters or passes through a hazardous area, aseparate protective conductor should be providedwithin the conduit etc. The protective conductormay serve more than one circuit, subject tosatisfying the IEE Wiring Regulations current at thetime (see, for example, Regulation 543-l (a) of the15th edition of the Regulations). In any event, itshould have a cross-sectional area of not less than2.5mma.

Bonding

225 Electrical bonding of extraneous conductiveparts and other metallic parts such as pipes, rails,steel framework etc., which do not form part of theelectrical installation, should be installed toprovide:

(a) protection against the potential explosionhazard from sparks caused by contactbetween metal parts having differentpotentials; and

(b) protection against electric shock by avoidingthe presence of potentially dangerousvoltages between simultaneously accessibleconductive parts under fault conditions.

Care should be taken to ensure that both aspectsof bonding are taken into account and thatincompatibilities between the two forms ofprotection do not arise.

226 All exposed metal work within a hazardousarea which requires bonding should be bonded

within the hazardous area, regardless of anybonding connections outside the hazardous area.

Interconnection of earthing systems

227 The electrical installation, lightning protectionand any static earthing systems, together with themetal work of any LPG or other installation, shouldbe bonded together to ensure, as far as ispossible, that all metal work in a particular area isat or about the same potenti!al. \

Continuity of bonding connections

228 In general, an electrical bond between twometallic parts may be achieved by a permanentand reliable metal-to-metal joint of negligibleimpedance. Flanged joints in pipework should befitted with metal bridges to ensure good electricalcontinuity. Where sound metal-to-metal jointscannot be achieved, connection should be bymeans of a supplementary bonding conductorhaving a cross-sectional area of not less than2.5mm2, positioned or protected so as not to besubject to mechanical damage or 4mm2 ifprotection against mechanical damage is notprovided. Bonded metal work should have anelectrical continuity of not greater than 0.01 ohmper metre at 20°C.

LPG installations at petrol filling stations

229 All storage tanks, filling lines, couplings andother pipes carrying liquefied gas should beelectrically bonded and earthed. Any flanged jointsin liquefied gas pipelines should be fitted withmetal bridges to ensure good electrical continuity.It is insufficient to rely on coupling bolts in thiscase, notwithstanding the guidance in paragraph228 about permanent and reliable metal-to-metaljoints.

230 Provision should be made for the electricalconnection of LPG road tankers to the earthedbonding system provided for any LPG storage tankand associated pipelines. The terminal or otherprovision should be capable of retaining the tankerbond in place until the fuel transfer operation hasbeen completed.

Wiring systems

General

231 This guidance applies to the electricalinstallation of a filling station located within thehazardous areas and not to the internal wiring of

48

the factory assembled units. Particular attentionshould be given to the advice in BS 5345 Part 1about particular concepts of explosion protection.For areas other than hazardous areas, the relevantparts of the IEE Wiring Regulations current at thetime of installation should be followed. TheseRegulations also apply to aspects of the installationin hazardous areas not related to the explosionhazard (eg cable sizes, volt drops etc).

Conductor material

232 Any conductor having a cross-sectional areaof 1 6mm2 or less should be of copper. Protectiveconductors should not be of aluminium. Everyprotective conductor not forming part of a cable orcable enclosure should be protected throughout byinsulation at least equivalent to that provided forsinglecore, nonsheathed cables of appropriate sizecomplying with BS 6004.

Cables for intrinsically safe circuits

233 Adequate precautions should be taken toprevent contact between the conductors ofintrinsically-safe circuits and those of anynonintrinsically safe system. The wiring should notform part of a multi-core cable or be run in thesame enclosure or duct unless separated by anearthed metal screen or shield. For furtherinformation see BS 5345 Parts 1 and 4.

Cables for extra low voltage circuits

234 Where cables of extra low voltage circuitsare contained in enclosures also containing cablesof higher voltage circuits, their insulation must berated for the highest voltage present.

Cables installed underground

235 All cables installed underground or in site-formed ducts etc, should be laid at a depth of notless than 0.5m or be otherwise protected againstmechanical damage. Cables laid direct in theground must be covered by cable covers orsuitable marking tape. Where ducting, ducts, pipes,trunking, manholes or similar enclosures are usedto accommodate cables, precautions should betaken to prevent the passage of flammable vapouror liquid from one zone to another zone or to anon-hazardous area and to prevent the collectionof flammable vapour or liquid in such enclosures.Such precautions will involve sealing theenclosures with suitable compound or othermaterial resistant to hydrocarbon products andtheir vapours.

Protection against mechanical damage

236 In any location available for vehicularaccess, any cables, trunking or other enclosuresshould be positioned or protected so that theycannot be damaged by moving vehicles.

Types of cable

237 Generally, types of cable and the methods oftheir installation should combly with the IEE WiringRegulations current at the time (see, for example,Chapter 52 of the 15th edition of the Regulations).Within Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas the followingtypes are acceptable, with mineral insulated cablebeing preferred:

(4 mineral insulated sheathed cable. The cableshould be terminated into accessories orenclosures with an approved glandappropriate to a Zone 1 or Zone 2 locationemploying an earth tailed pot. The cableshould be served overall with a PVC sheathor equivalent and glands should be protectedby a suitable shroud. This type of cable maybe damaged by transient voltages: particularcare should be taken to ensure thatassociated equipment complies with thecable manufacturer’s requirements forvoltage surge suppression. Where surgesuppression devices are located inhazardous areas, they should be suitablyexplosion-protected. Earth tail pots shouldbe used to provide reliable earthingconnection to the sheath of mineral insulatedcable.

(b) armoured cable, ie PVC or equivalent, steelwire armoured and PVC or equivalent sheathcable. The cable should be terminated in agland suited to the zoning of the hazardousarea to maintain the integrity of theenclosure of the explosion protectionconcept. An earth tag washer should befitted between the cable gland and enclosureto provide a means of connecting a separateprotective conductor to the earthing bar orterminal within the enclosure.

Initial inspection and testing

General

238 On completion but before being energised,the installation should be inspected and tested by acompetent person. In the case of an extension ormodification of an existing installation, the area in

49

which testing is to be carried out should be certifiedgas-free by a competent person and the licenseeor his competent representative should authorisework to start. Where it is not reasonably practicableto gas free the area, see para 244.

239 Inspection and testing should be carried outin accordance with the IEE Wiring Regulationscurrent at the time of the initial installation orsubsequent extension or modification, asappropriate. The following should also be carriedout:

(4 visual examination;

(b) testing for effectiveness of earthing;

(4 insulation resistance test;

Cd) other examinations; and

(e) recording and certification of the inspectionand testing in a standard format (seeAppendices 1, 4 and 5).

Visual examination

240 Appendix 3 lists the principle features to beexamined visually. The examination should verifythat the electrical equipment and installation:

(4

(b)

(4

(4

(e)

comply with the guidance in this booklet;

comply with the applicable British Standardor equivalent international standard (this maybe ascertained by mark or certificationfurnished by the installer or manufacturer);

are correctly selected and erected inaccordance with the edition of the IEE WiringRegulations current at the time ofinstallation, extension or modification;

are, in hazardous areas, correctly selectedand erected, for example, in accordance withBS 5345;

are not damaged so as to impair safety.

Electrical testing

241 Initial testing of insulation and continuity fromwithin the hazardous area should be carried outwith instruments of the same type as used forperiodic testing (see below) and certifiedintrinsically safe. Where practicable, testing shouldbe carried out from non-hazardous areas followingsimilar procedures to those required for theperiodic testing after the petrol tanks have been

filled. This will enable comparison to be madebetween the initial testing and subsequent periodictesting.

242 Earth testing procedures are carried out inthe following sequence.

(a) After all protective conductors areconnected, low current continuity testsshould be made from the main earth terminalto all terminal points of all exposed andextraneous conductive parts. Test positionsand resistance readings should be logged forcomparison with future periodic tests (nb thistest should be carried out both with thesubstantial current according to Appendix 15of the IEE Wiring Regulations to test theintegrity of the bonding, followed by a testwith a low current tester for comparison withsubsequent periodic testing).

(b) Earth electrode resistance tests should becarried out separately to each of the earthelectrodes. The actual measurements shouldbe recorded for future comparison.

(c) Earth fault loop impedance measurementsshould be made at the origin of theinstallation (using the facilities providedunder paral 87) with only the earthelectrodes, or other means of earthing viathe earthing conductor and earth terminal,connected (see also Appendix 5). Otherinstallation bonding and protectiveconductors should be temporarilydisconnected. The results of ZE should berecorded for future comparison (seeAppendix 1).

(d) After ensuring that all bonding and protectiveconductors are reconnected to the earthingterminal, earth fault loop impedance tests(ZS) should be carried out at all terminalpoints of the installation. The fault loopshould include the circuit phase conductor.Measurements should be recorded.

243 Insulation resistance testing of meteringpumps and dispensers, including the supplycables, should be carried out in accordance withthe IEE Wiring Regulations current at the time(see, for example, Regulation 613-7 of the 15thEdition of the Regulations). The manufacturershould make provision for such testing, togetherwith appropriate instructions. Meteringpumps/dispensers not constructed in accordancewith BS 7117 may contain electronic componentswhich may be damaged when carrying out aninsulation test. To avoid damage, the instructions

50

should be followed even if they do not allow fortests to be carried out in all modes (egEarth/Phase, Earth/Neutral and Neutral/Phase).

Periodic inspection and testing

General

244 An annual inspection and test programmeshould be carried out by a competent person toensure that the electrical equipment andinstallation in hazardous areas and associatedequipment in non-hazardous areas continues to bein a satisfactory condition. The programme oftesting should be carried out as the minimumnecessary where the electrical installation hasundergone additions or alterations and where it isnot reasonably practicable to gas free the area.The instruments used should be certified asJntrinsically safe.

245 The inspection and testing should be carriedout in accordance with the IEE Wiring Regulations.Account should be taken of the requirements ofthese Regulations current at the time of originalinstallation or of subsequent extensions ormodifications to the original installation. The

i programme should comprise:

(4

(b)

Cc)

(4

69

( (f)

(9)

visual examination (see Appendix 3);

earth fault loop impedance measurementsmade at the origin of the filling stationinstallation (see para 242(c) andAppendix 5);

earth electrode(s) testing;

continuity testing of protective conductorsand equipotential bonding;

operation of residual current devices, bothtime and current;

insulation testing:

recording and certification of the inspectionand testing in a standard format (seeAppendices 1 and 4).

Electrical testing

247 Earth fault loop impedance (ZE)measurements should be made at the origin of theinstallation in the way described in paragraph242(c). The earth fault loop impedance (ZE) shouldbe measured and compared with the initial result;significant increases should be highlighted forinvestigation and remedial action. All bonding andprotective conductors should be reconnected.

I 1248 The continuity of protective conductors andequipotential bonding should be tested betweenthe main earth terminal and all terminal points of allexposed and extraneous conductive parts. The lowcurrent continuity testing instrument to be usedshould be intrinsically safe. If the instrument is notintrinsically safe it should be sited in a non-hazardous area. A wander lead of knownresistance should be used to reliably connect theinstrument between the point under test and themain earth terminal and should be connected tothe point under test prior to any other connectionbeing made. The results should be compared tothose with the initial test and any significantincrease in resistance should be highlighted forinvestigation and remedial action.

249 For the operation of residual current devicesand testing of earth electrodes, alltests should becarried out from the non-hazardous areas and inaccordance with the relevant edition of the IEEWiring Regulations.

250 Insulation tests should be carried out asdescribed in para 243, applied in non-hazardousareas.

251 All readings and measurements should berecorded (see Appendix 1).

Visual examination

246 The visual examination should be carried outas described in para 240.

51

This Appendix sets out suggested pages (eg one page or group of pages per numbered section) for use in a loose-leaf register forretention at the filling station. The suggestions may be adapted to suit particular circumstances, equipment and methods of work.

1 L i c e n s e e . .._.................................................... Licensing authority .._..._...........................................................

Site a d d r e s s Address .._.... .._.

Tel number Tel n u m b e r) . .

2 Record of underground storage tanks: installation and maintenance

Tank no _..._........._..._.............. Compartment No

Type of test, Recommendation Any otherItem Date examination, Result Competent for periodic comments

service or person exam (see or actionrepair para 145)

Installationand test(paras 53 to 59,98 to 102)

Periodic examina-tion (para 145)

Leak testing(para 139)

Reparrs ormodifications(paras 147 to160)

Appendix 1 Suggested register for petrol filling stations

53

3 Record of pipelines: installation and maintenance

Pipeline identification Material (eg steel, plastic)

/tern DateType of test,examination,service orrepair

Result Competentperson

Recommendationfor periodicexam (seepara 145)

Any othercommentsor action

Installationand test(paras 71 to 75,103 to 105)

i >

Periodic examina-tion (para 145)

Leak testing(para 142)

Repairs ormodifications(paras 147 to161)

4 Record of metering pumps/dispensers and pump controllers: installation and maintenance

(4 Pump/dispenser make and model s e r i a l n o BASEEFA approval no . .

(W Pump controller make and model s e r i a l n o

RecommendationType of test, for periodic Any other

Item Date examination, Result Competent exam or servicing commentsservice or person (see para 145 or actionrepair andBS 7117)

Installationand test(paras 76 and 106,and BS 7117)

Periodic examina-tion or servicing(para 145 andBS 7117)

Repairs ormodifications(paras 147)

54

5 Record of continuous inventory checking (see paras 135 to 138)

Daily record, week commencing

Tank No ,................................... C a p a c i t y Pump N o

(nb. Variations of format WIII be needed where more than one pump and/or one tank are interconnected)

A Dip from prevrous day

B Delivery into tank

C Stock (add A and B)

D Today’s dip

E Gone from tank (Take Dfrom C)

F Pump Reading today

G Previous pump reading

H Delivery by pump (Take Gfrom F)

Difference ) LOSSbetween E and H ) GAIN

Note: If E is greater than H show as loss: if H greater than E show as gain.

55

6 Record of general maintenance and repairs (see paras 144 and 148)

Date andItem person Action taken

responsible

Date andpersonresponsible

Firefighting equipment(para 94)

Other emergency equipment,warning and informationnotices (paras 148 and91 to 97)

Interceptors anddrainage channels(para 148)

Manhole chambers,off-set fillingpoints, vent pipes(paras 148 and 118)

General sitemaintenance(para 118)

7 Record of information and training for staff

Name of member of staff

Dateissue of writtenprocedures for normaland emergency operations(para 162)

Action taken

Type of training given(paras 164 and 165 andAppendix 2)

Date andpersonresponsible

-

Action taken

-

-

Type of additional or refresher traininggiven (para 165)

56

8 Record of electrical installation and contractor(to be completed by electrical contractor)

(4 Electrical supply:

V o l t a g e P h a s e ( s ) F r e q u e n c y

Prospective short circuit current at origin of the installation KA

Type of earthing arrangement (TN-S or TT)

Type(s) of protective devices (overcurrent protective or residual current devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...! ’

Ea r t h f au l t l oop impedance a t t he o r i g i n

(b) Name and address of electrical contractor

(c) Name of person completing above information

9 Schedule of electrical circuits (to be completed by electrical contractor/engineer)

Circu/t numberFusing rating 01circuit breakertripping current(4

Description of circuit

(b)

Date

Circuitnumber

1%

Insulation resistance(megohms) Protective

conductorresistance(ohms)

T 1%

insulation resistance(megohms)

To Betweenearth conductors

Protectiveconductorresistance(ohms)

1%

insulation resistance(megohms) Protective

conductorresistance(ohms)

57

10 Schedule of fixed electrical equipment (to be completed by electrical contractor, engineer)

(4

TFuse ratingor circuitbreaker

Marker hp/kw tripping

name Enclosure volts kvs r.p. m. current(amperes)

I \

Rating

SerialType of plant number

/tern PositionI---number and/or usage

insulationresistance(megohms)

=II I I

I I II I

1% 1% f9- 1%1%Date rg-

insulationResistance(megohms)

insulationResistance(megohms)

insulationResistance(megohms)

insulationResistance(megohms)

insulationResistance(megohms)

Item 1 insulationNumbe Resistance

(megohms)

insulationResistance(megohms)

InsulationResistance(megohms)

I

11 Schedule of alterations to electrical installation or equipment(to be completed by electrical contractor or engineer)

(4

Nature of alteration Name of service company Name of engineer/electrician

58

(b)

/tern Date ofNumber Circuit/Equipment Location alteration Name of engineer/electrician

I \

12 Schedule of earth electrodes (to be completed by electrical contractor or engineer)

Date 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 19%

Circuit Earth path Earth path Earth path Earth path Earth path Earth path Earth path Earth pathNumber Resistance Resistance Resistance Resistance Resistance Resistance Resistance Resistance

(ohms) (ohms) (ohms) (ohms) (ohms) (ohms) (ohms) (ohms)

13 Record of visits to filling station (to be completed by persons carrying out activities relating to the filling station installation,eg licensing officers, maintenance, repair, inspecting and testing staff)

Appendix 2 Elements of training forpersons employed at petrol filling stations

1 Equipment operation (self-service andmanual)

Sound knowledge and understanding of:

(a) operation of fuel dispensing and otherforecourt equipment, including equipmentspecific to the site (eg off-site filling points,valve pits, storage and dispensing systemsfor fuels other than petrol);

(b) fuel grades and types;

(cl imperial/metric conversion.

Ability to:

z (4

03

m

(9)

(h)

2

operate fuel dispensing equipment safely andcorrectly in accordance with company safetypolicy and legislation;

recognise faults in fuel equipment, takeappropriate action and follow reportingprocedure;

record tank contents and meter readingscorrectly;

operate other forecourt equipment andrecognise associated faults;

deal with customer queries regarding safetyand fuel grades, types and measures.

Control point operation

Sound knowledge and understanding of:

(4 control point and emergency procedures;

(b) correct operation and fault reporting;

(c) procedures for activating and controllingdispensers;

(d) appropriate emergency procedures;

(e) correct use of customer communication system.

3 Forecourt safety procedures

Sound knowledge and understanding of:

(b) location, selection and use of firefightingequipment;

(c) policies and procedures covering accidentand injury, safety, emergencies andemergency service contacts.

Ability to:

(d) follow correct procedures for use offirefighting equipmeht, dealing with leakagesand spillages, enforcing “no smoking”requirements and recording accidentdamage;

(e) comply with accident, injury and safety policyprocedure;

(f ) contact emergency services when required.

4 Receipt of fuel products

Sound knowledge and understanding of:

(a) dangers associated with the delivery of fuel, -:

including manholes, cap removal, spillageand vapour;

(b) arrangements for receipt and storage of fuel;

(c) driver’s and receiver’s responsibilities ondelivery of fuel;

(d) dispensers, tank layout, grades andcapacities, and any vapour balancing system.

Ability to:

(e) follow correct procedures for pump switch-off,tanker parking, tank and tanker dip checks orgauge readings, petroleum certificationcompletion, grade checking, signing fordelivery and completion of fuel stock controldocumentation;

u ) appreciate safety standards on receipt ofgoods.

5 Site housekeeping

Sound knowledge and understanding of:

(a) the importance of a clean, safe and tidyforecourt and stock displays;

(b) forecourt opening and closing procedures.

(a) legal requirements affecting forecourtoperations;

60

6 Site security

Sound knowledge and understanding of securitypractices and the ability to follow them.

7 Personal safety and hygiene

Sound knowledge and understanding of the valueof protective clothing, footwear, gloves and goggleswhen required; the need to wash properly withplenty of soap and water after finish of work; andcorrect methods of handling and lifting.

61

Appendix 3 Check list for visualexamination of electrical installations

Associated electrical installations innon-hazardous areas

This list should not be considered as exhaustive Cd)and may vary from installation to installation.

Visual examination should involve checking the (e)following items relevant to the installation and mayalso involve use of tools to check tightness and gaps.

(f)(a) Presence of register, diagrams and schedule

information.(9)

Hazardous area equipment and components(h)

(b) Metering pumps/dispensers are inaccordance with BS 7117;

02 other electrical equipment in hazardous areas: (j)

0) equipment appropriate for the area P)classification;

(ii) correct temperature classification; (I)

(iii) appropriate equipment group or sub- (m)group;

0-004 correct circuit identification:

(0)

w maintenance of integrity of enclosure;

(vi) cable entries and stoppers etc complete (P)and appropriate to the enclosure;

(vii) electrical connections tight;(9)

(viii) satisfactory earthing;

(ix) correct rating of apparatus and (0components;

(x) damage to apparatus or wiring systems; (‘)

(xi) adequate environmental protection (egagainst weather, mechanical damage); 0)

(xii) no unauthorised modifications;(u)

(xiii) all cables, conduit and accessories inaccordance with the appropriate BritishStandards or other equivalentstandards.

Note/terns are not listed in any order of pr/ority. Where integrity offype of protection is dependent on electrical protection, thisshould be verified initially.

62

Selection of equipment and protectivemeasures appropriate to external influences.

Presence of appropriate devices for isolationand switching.

Choice and setting of protective andmon i to r ing dev ices . ! \

Selection of wiring systems.

Ancillary equipment - luminaires, socketoutlets, portable and transportableequipment.

Presence of lightning protection.

Method of protection against direct andindirect contact.

Earthing and bonding.

Connection of conductors.

Identification of conductors.

Selection of conductors for current carryingcapacity and volt drop.

Connection of single pole devices forprotection or switching in phase conductorsonly.

Correct connection of socket outlets and lampholders.

Presence of fire barriers and protectionagainst thermal effects.

Labelling of circuits, fuses, switches andterminals.

Presence of danger notices and otherwarning notices.

Integrity of petrol and petrol vapour barriers inducts, etc where applicable.

Appendix 4 Guidance for annualinspections and testing of electricalinstallations

An annual inspection and test programme shouldbe carried out to ensure that the electricalinstallation and equipment in hazardous areascontinues to be in satisfactory condition.

The items scheduled below should be inspectedand tested as a minimum and will assist incompleting the certificate. A separate reportdetailing test results and observations should beproduced and the relevant sections in the siteregister should be completed.

Instruments used should be suitable for the areastested. On no account should earth loopimpedance testers be used in hazardous areas orcircuits associated with hazardous areas.

Inspection and testing

Visual inspection to ensure equipment is wellconstructed to relevant British Standards, suitablefor the appropriate hazardous-zone and notdamaged to impair safety. The inspection andtesting should include:

(4

(b)

(4

(4

(e)

(f )

(9)

dh)

0)

W)

(1)

P-9

0-Q

register and relevant installation information;

supply intake;

earthing connections and bonding;

main switchboard and distributionboards/circuits labelling;

pump console and controls;

fireman’s switch;

hazardous zone barriers;

pumps (eg enclosures, metal seals);

lighting (eg glasses, seals);

apparatus is suitable for environment andcorrectly labelled;

isolation and switching, (main andemergency);

no signs of unauthorised or unrecordedmodifications;

presence of warning notices;

(0)

(P)

(9)

(0

(s)

(t)

(u)

(VI

check suitability of circuit breaker rating(normal and fault rating);

tests as follows:

(0 earth loop impedance at socket outletsadjacent to supply intake in non-hazardous areas;

(ii) continuity of protective conductors ande q u i p o t e n t i a l bondit@; \

(iii) operation of residual circuit breakers forearth fault protection;

(iv) insulation resistance tests;

connection of single pole devices forprotection or switching in phase conductorsonly;

correct connection of socket outlets and lampholders;

presence of fire barriers and protectionagainst thermal effects;

labelling of circuits, fuses, switches andterminals;

presence of danger notices and otherwarning notices;

integrity of petrol and petrol vapour barriers inducts, etc where applicable.

63

Electrical Certificate

Storage of petroleum spirit and mixturesElectrical certificate for new installations

Annual inspections of existing installations

Petroleum (Regulations) Acts 1928 and 1936 !Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974

,

Name of OccupierTrading AsAddress of Premises

I hereby certify that the electrical installation associated with the licensed storage, use and dispensing ofpetroleum spirit has been tested in accordance with the inspection schedule ref no . . . . . . . . . . attached andwith the exception of the remarks in the “Observation” column was found to be in satisfactory condition.

Date of Test

Signature of person carryingout the inspection

Full name (Block capitals)

Qualifications

Company

Address

Position with company

Date

1 It is an offence under Section 33 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 for any person tomake a false entry on the certificate.

2 The person carrying out the inspection must be competent, be fully conversant and have practicalexperience with BS 5345 (Selection, installation and maintenance of electrical apparatus for use inpotentially explosive atmospheres).

64

Electrical certificate inspection schedule

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Type of earthing arrangementsState type

TN-STN-CTT

Type of protective device fuseState type(time and current)

MCBRCD

Earth loop impedance at socket outlet adjacent tosupply intake (non-hazardous area) state value ohms)

Loose electrical connections including those for earthing

Insulation test state (value in Mohms)

Damage to apparatus or wiring system

Condition of enclosures, gaskets and fastenings

Loose fixings, glands, conduit, stoppers, etc

Leakage of compound or oil

Conditions of bearings

Apparatus is adequately protected against corrosion,the weather, vibration and other adverse factors

Correct lamp ratings or type

Integrity of guards

Inadvertent contact between rotating and fixed parts

Malfunction of relays and protective devices

Unauthorised modification or adjustment

Inappropriate maintenance, eg not in accordance withmanufacturer’s recommendations

Undue accumulation of dust and dirt

Sealing of ducts between non and hazardous areas

Isolators capable of being locked in “OFF” position

Site documentation in order

Satisfactory SeeYes/No Observations

65

Appendix 5 Notes on measuring earthfault loop impedance and test pointprovisions

Test point

A test point should be provided to allow testing ofphase - earth fault loop impedence at the origin ofthe electrical installation (see paragraph1 87). Thetest circuit should be arranged so that the path ofthe test current and conductive parts energized isminimal. The arrangement shown in Figure1 1allows the test to be made between a phase of theincoming supply and means of earthing with theremaining installation and bonding systemcompletely isolated.

The arrangement requires provision of an allinsulated switch fuse with its own PVC/PVC tails ofknown resistance (material, length and crosssectional area) with provision of an insulatedprotective conductor of known resistanceconnected on the earthing conductor side of themain earth terminal. The all insulated switch fuseshould supply an all insulated socket outlet havingits earth contact segregated from the earthingarrangement within the electrical installation.

The switch fuse should be permanently andindelibly marked “For test purposes only” andshould be lockable.

Testing procedures utilizing test point

1 The main isolating switch should be locked inthe off position.

2 The main earthing terminal link should besecured in the open position.

3 With the main isolating switch open andbonding isolated, a loop impedance testshould be made from the test socket outlet.

4 Figure 11 shows the test circuit. Any rangeswitch on the earth loop impedance testershould be set to the highest value. Theinstrument should be plugged into the socketoutlet, ensuring that the polarity neons arecorrectly lit before depressing the operatingbutton. The earth fault loop impedance (zS)in ohms will then be indicated directly on theinstrument scale. If it is necessary to select alower range, the instrument should beallowed a delay of a minute or two before anytests are repeated.

The earth fault loop impedance (‘E) at theorigin of the installation should be calculatedfrom instrument reading (zS) minusresistance of phase tail (RI) and resistanceof circuit protective conductor (R2) (nb wherethese are copper conductors of not less than2.5 mm2 CSA and of length not exceeding2m then the resistance can be ignored).

The instrument should be disconnected fromthe socket outlet and the test switch shouldbe locked in the open position.

The main earth terminal link should bereconnected.

The main isolating switch should be unlockedand closed.

66

Appendix 6 Bibliography

Legal

Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928 Ch 32 HMSOISBN 011 803433 2

SR and 0 1929 952 Petroleum-spirit (MotorVehicles etc) Regulations 1929 HMSOISBN 011 1001951

SR and 0 1929/992 Petroleum (Carbide ofCalcium) Order 7929 HMSO ISBN 0 11 100206 0

SR and 019291993 Petroleum (Mixtures) Order7929 HMSO ISBN 0 11 100031 9

Petroleum (Transfer of Licences) Act 1936 HMSOISBN 0 10 850013 6

SI, 19571859 Petroleum (Liquid Methane) Order7957HMSO ISBN 01 1 1 002761

Factones Act 1967 HMSO ISBN 0 10 850027 6

Public Health Act 1961 s. 73 HMSOISBN 0 10 850214 7

;Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963HMSO ISBN 0 10 850111 6

Health and Safety at Work etc Act 7974 HMSOISBN 0 10 543774 3

SI 198Ol1471 Safety Signs Regulations 1980HMSO ISBN 011 07471 8

SI 1981 I1 059 Dangerous substances (conveyanceby road in road tankers and tank containers)Regulations 1987 HMSO ISBN 011 017059 8

Civic government (Scotland) Act 1982 s.94 HMSOISBN 0 10 544582 7

SI 1982/630 Petroleum-spirit (Plastic Containers)nRegu/ations 1982 HMSO ISBN 0 11 026630 7

SI 198211357 Notification of Installations HandlingHazardous Substances Regulations 1982 HMSOISBN 0 11 027496 2

SI 198411244 Classification, Packaging andLabelling of Dangerous Substances Regulations7984 HMSO ISBN 0 11 047244 6

SI 198512023 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases andDangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985 HMSOISBN 011 058023 0

SI 198611951 Road Traffic (Carriage of DangerousSubstances in Packages etc) Regulations 1986HMSO 1986 ISBN 011 067951 2

SI 198811657 Control of Substances Hazardous toHealth Regulations 1988 HMSO ISBN 0 11 087657 1

SI 19891635 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989HMSO ISBN 011 096635

SI 198911903 Health and Safe/y (EnforcingAuthority) Regulations 1989 HMSOISBN 0 11 097903 6

Approved Code of Practice

Approved Code of Practice COP 6 Plastic containerswith normal capacities up to 5 litres for petroleum-spirit: requirements for testing and marking orlabelling: HSE Books 1982 ISBN 011 883643 9

Health and Safety Executive: Guidance Notesand booklets

HS( R) 18 Administrative guidance on theapplication of the European Community ‘lowvoltage’ Directive (73/23/EEC) to electricalequipment for use at work in the United KingdomHSE Books 1984 ISBN 011 883724 9

HS( R)23 A guide to the Reporting of Injuries,Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations1985 HSE Books 1986 ISBN 0 7176 0432 2

HS(R)25 Memorandum of Guidance on theElectricity at Work Regulations 1989 HSE Books1989 ISBN 0 11 883963 2

HS(G)34 The storage of LPG at fixed installationsHSE Books 1987 ISBN 011 883908 X

HS(G)38 Lighting at work HSE Books 1987ISBN 0 11 883964 0

HS(G)50 The storage of highly flammable liquids infixed tanks HSE Books 1990 ISBN 0 11 885532 8

HS(G)51 The storage of flammable liquids incontainers HSE Books 1990 ISBN 0 7176 0481 0

Guidance Notes

CS4 The keeping of LPG in cylinders and similarcontainers HSE Books 1986 ISBN 0 11 883539 4

CS15 The cleaning and gas freeing of tankscontaining flammable residues HSE Books 1985ISBN 0 11 883518 1

67

GS4 Safety in pressure testing HSE Books 1976ISBN 0 11 883043 0

GS 29/l Health and safety in demolition workpart 1: preparation and planning rev ed HSE Books1988 ISBN 0 11 885405 4

GS 29/2 Health and safety in demolition workpart 2: legislation HSE Books 1984ISBN 0 11 883589 0

GS 2913 Health and safety in demolition workpart 3: techniques HSE Books 1984ISBN 0 11 883609 9

PM 32 Safe use of portable electn’cal apparatus(electrical safety) HSE Books 1983ISBN 0 11 883563 7

* Safety summary sheet SS8 Safety in excavationsBootle 1987

* Available from HSE Information Centres

British Standards

British Standards are available from BSI Sales andCustomer Service, 389 Chiswick High Road,London W4 4AL

BS 146: Part 2: 1973 Specification for Portlandblast furnace cement. Metric units

BS 229:1957 Specification. Flameproof enclosureof electrical apparatus

BS 476: Part 4: 1970 Fire tests on buildingmaterials and structures. Non-combustibility testfor materials

BS 476: Part 6: 1989 Fire tests on buildingmaterials and structures. Method of test for firepropagation for products

BS 476: Part 7: 1987 Fire tests on buildingmaterials and structures. Method for classificationof the surface spread of flame of products

BS 559: 1986 Specification for electric signs andhigh-voltage luminous-discharge-tube installations

BS 800:1988; EN 55 014:1987 Specification for limitsand methods of measurement of radio interferencecharacteristics of household electrical appliances,portable tools and similar electrical apparatus

BS 889: 1965 Specification for flameproof electriclighting fittings

CP 1013: 1965 Earthing

BS 1259: 1958 Intrinsically safe electricalapparatus and circuits for use in explosiveatmospheres

BS 1387: 1985 Specification for screwed andsocketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain endsteel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing toBS 21 pipe threads

! \IBS 2523: 1966 Specification for lead-based primingpaints

BS 2594: 1975 Specification for carbon steelwelded horizontal cylindrical storage tanks

BS 2654: 1989 Specification for manufacture ofvertical steel welded non-refrigerated storage tankswith butt-welded shells for the petroleum industry

BS 2782: 1970 Methods for testing plastics

BS 2971: 1977 Specification for C/ass II arcwelding of carbon steel pipework for carrying fluids

BS 3351: 1971 Specification for piping systems forpetroleum refineries and petroleum plants

BS 3395: 1989 Specification for electrically bondedrubber hoses and hose assemblies for dispersingpetroleum based fuels

BS 3416: 1988 Specification for bitumen-basedcoatings for cold application, suitable for use incontact with potable water

BS 4027: 1980 Specification for sulphate-resistingPortland cement

BS 4137: 1967 Guide to the selection of electricalequipment for use in division 2 areas

BS 4246: Part 2: 1974 Specification for low heatPortland blast-furnace cement. Metric units

BS 4533: Part 2: Section 2.6: 1979; IEC 570: 1977Specification for electric luminaires. Detailrequirements. Electrical supply track systems forluminaires

BS 4533: Section 102.51: 1986 Luminaires.Particular requirements. Specification forluminaires with type of protection N

BS 4683: Part 1: 1971 Specification for electricalapparatus for explosive atmospheres.Classification of maximum sufface temperatures

68

BS 4683: Part 2: 1971 Specification for electricalapparatus for explosive atmospheres. Theconstruction and testing of flameproof enclosuresof electrical apparatus

BS 4683: Part 4: 1973 Specification for electricalapparatus for explosive atmospheres. Type ofprotection ‘E’

BS 4994: 1987 Specrfication for design andconstruction of vessels and tanks in reinforcedp/as tics

BS 5000: Part 16: 1985 Specification for rotatingelectrical machines of particular types or forparticular applications. Rotating electricalmachines with type of protection ‘N’

BS 5306: Part 3: 1985 Fire extinguishinginstallations and equipment on premises. Code ofpractice for selection, installation and maintenanceo? portable fire extinguishers

BS 5328: 1981 Methods for specifying concrete,including ready-mixed concrete

BS 5345: Part 1 :1989 Code of practice forselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosive

atmospheres (other than mining applications ofexplosives processing and manufacture). Generalrecommendations

BS 5345: Part 2:1983 Code of practice forselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres (other than mining applications orexplosive processing and manufacture).Classification of hazardous areas

BS 5345: Part 3: 1979 Code ofpractice forselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres (other than mining applications orexplosive processing and manufacture).

I Installation and maintenance requirements forelectrical apparatus with type of protection ‘d’.Flameproof enclosure

BS 5345: Part 4:1977 Code of practice forselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres (other than mining applications orexplosive processing and manufacture).Installation and maintenance requirements forelectrical apparatus with type of protection ‘i’.Intrinsically safe electrical apparatus and systems

BS 5345: Part 5: 1983 Code of practice forselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres (other than mining applications orexplosive processing and manufacture).Installation and maintenance requirements forelectrical apparatus protected by pressurizationand by continuous dilution, and for pressurizedrooms

BS 5345: Part 6: 1978 Code df praCtide for theselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres (other than mining applications orexplosives processing). Recommendations for typeof protection ‘e’. Increased safety

BS 5345: Part 7: 1979 Code of practice forselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres (other than mining applications orexplosive processing and manufacture).Installation and maintenance requirements forelectrical apparatus with type of protection ‘N’

BS 5345: Part 8: 1980 Code of practice forselection, installation and maintenance of electricalapparatus for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres (other than mining applications orexplosive processing and manufacture).Ins ta/la tion and maintenance requirements forelectrical apparatus with type of protection ‘S’.Special protection

BS 5378: Par-l 1: 1980 Safety signs and colours.Specification for colour and design

BS 5378: Part 2: 1980 Safety signs and colours.Specification for calorimetric and photometricproperties of materials

BS 5378: Part 3: 1982 Safety signs and colours.Specification for additional signs to those given inBS 5378: Part 1

BS 5419: 1977 Specification forair-breakswitches.air-break disconnectors, air-break switchdisconnectors and fuse-combination units forvoltages up to and including 1000 V ac and 7200Vdc

BS 5423: 1987 Specification for portable fireextinguishers

BS 5490: 1977; IEC 529: 1976 Specification forclassification of degrees of protection provided byenclosures

69

BS 5493: 1977 Code of practice for protectivecoating of iron and steel structures againstcorrosion

BS 5499: Part 1: 1984 Fire safety signs, noticesand graphic symbo/s. Specification for fire safetysigns

BS 5501: Part 1: 1977; EN 50 014 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.General requirements

BS 5501: Part 2: 1977; EN 50 015 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.Oil immersion ‘0’

BS 5501: Part 3: 1977; EN 50 016 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.Pressurized apparatus ‘p’

BS 5501: Part 4: 1977; EN 50 017 Nectricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.Powder filling ‘q’

BS 5501: Part 5: 1977; EN 50 018 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.Flameproof enclosure ‘d’

BS 5501: Part 6: 1977; EN 50 019 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.increased safety ‘e’

BS 5501: Part 7: 1977; EN 50 020 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.intrinsic safety ‘i’

BS 5501: Part 811988; EN 50 028: 1987 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.Encapsulation ‘m ’

BS 5501: Part 9: 1982; EN 50 039 Electricalapparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.Specification for intrinsically safe electrical systems ‘i’

Note: EN = European Normal EuropeanApparatus Standard harmonised as a BS.

BS 5958: Part 2: 1983 Code of practice for controlof undesirable static electricity. Recommendationsfor particular industrial situations

BS 6651: 1985 Code of practice for protection ofstructures against lightning

BS 6656: 1986 Guide to prevention of inadvertentignition of flammable atmospheres byradiofrequency radiation

BS 6717: Part 1: 1986 Precast concrete pavingblocks. Specification for paving blocks

BS 6717: Part 3: 1989 Precast concrete pavingblocks. Code of practice for laying

BS 6941: 1988 Specification for electricalapparatus for explosive atmospheres with type ofprotection ‘N’

BS 6949: 1988 Specific&ion fsrbitumen-basedcoatings for cold application, excluding use incontact with potable water

BS 7117: Part 1: 1989 Metering pumps anddispensers to be installed at filling stations andused to dispense liquid fuel. Specification forconstruction

* BS 7117: Pat-t 2: Guide for installation of pumpsand connections

* BS 71 17: Part 3: Guide for maintenance

* Still in preparation

BS 8110 Structural use of concrete

BS 8110: Part 1: 1985 Code of practice for thedesign and construction

BS 8110: Part 2: 1985 Code of practice for specialcircumstances

International Standards

International Electrotechnical CommissionPublications

IEC 79

IEC 79-O

IEC 79-l

IEC 79-2

IEC 79-5

IEC 79-6

Electrical apparatus for explosive gasatmospheres

Part 0: General requirements 2nd edGeneva 1983

Part 1: Construction and test offlameproof enclosures of electricalapparatus Geneva 1971

Part 2: Electrical apparatus - type ofprotection ‘p’3rd ed Geneva 1983

Part 5: Sand-filled apparatus Geneva1967

Part 6: Oil immersed apparatusGeneva 1968

70

IEC 79-7

IEC 79-l 0

IEC 79-l 1

IEC 79-14

Part 7: Electrical apparatus - type ofprotection ‘e’ Geneva 1969

Part 10: Classification of hazardousareas 2nd ed Geneva 1986

Part 11: Construction and test ofintrinsically-safe and associatedapparatus 2nd ed Geneva 1984

Part 14: Electrical installations inexplosive gas atmospheres (other thanmines) Geneva 1984

American National Standards

ASME/ANSI B31.3-1987 American Society ofMechanical Engineers Chemical p/ant andpetroleum refinery piping New York 1987

ASTM D4021-86 American Society for Testing andMaterials Glass-fiber-reinforced polyesterunderground petroleum storage tanks New Your1986

British Approvals Service for ElectricalEquipment in Flammable Atmospheres(BASEEFA) Publications

Available from: The Electrical EquipmentCertification Service, Health and Safety Executive,Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JNtel: 01298 6211

SFA 3002 Requirements for the certification ofelectrical systems in metering pumps for petrolfilling stations Buxton 1971

SFA 3004 Shunt diode safety barriers 2nd edBuxton 1976

SFA 3007 Instruments for measuring gasconcentration Buxton 1 981

SFA 3009 Specialprotection Buxton 1972

SFA 3012 Intrinsic safety Buxton 1972

Note: Equipment approved to the above Standardsmay be found on certain filling stations.

Other Publications

* Institution of Electrical Engineers Regulations forelectrical installations: fifteenth edition HitchinHet-ts 1981 (plus amendments) ISBN 0 852962355

* Available from The Sales Point, IEE, PO Box 96,Stevenage, Herts SGl 2SD tel: 01438 313311

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Industry TechnicalAssociation

LPGITA Code of practice no 20 Automotive LPGrefuelling facilities 1984 ISBN 0 900323655

* LPGITA Code of practice no 22 LPG pipingsystem design and installation ISBN 0 900323639

* Available from: William Culross and Son Ltd,Coupar Angus, Perthshire PH13 9DFtel: 01828 27266

Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive

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