Health and safety unit 13

Health and Safety at Work

Health and Safety at WorkSpeiuss UK healthcare

IntroductionHealth and safety and related Legislation2. RIDDOR3. COSHH4. Risk Assessment5. Prevention of Slip and Trip

6. Infection control7. Food Safety8. Fire Safety9. Principal of Manual Handling

Understanding of Health and Safety will help you avoid ill health, harm or hurt yourself and your service users.It will contribute towards making you competent carer.It can help you and your employer avoid the distress that accidents and ill health cause.

Aims of Health and Safety Training

Health and Safety

Health and safety is about stopping you getting hurt at work or ill through work.

The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) has estimated that between 2010-2011 approximately 603,000 people were injured at work, 150,000 of whom required over seven days of absence due to the injuries they sustained at work.

What is health and safety at work

Law and Legislation related to Health and Safety

1. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974

This Act provides a framework for ensuring the health and safety of all employees in any work activity. It also provides for the health and safety of anyone who may be affected by work activities. Employers and employees must comply with the duties set out in the Act

Health and Safety At Work Act 1974

Health and Safety At Work Act 1974Employers Duties EmployerSection 2: places a duty on employers to ensure the health, safety and welfare of employees as far as is reasonably practicable.Section 3: requires employers to ensure that non-employees (Service users / client /NOK ) who may be affected by work activities are not exposed to risks to their health and safety.

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Law and LegislationThe Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

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Applies duty on employer to provide you Information,Instruction,Training Supervision Protective equipmentBreak 20 min after 6 hours shiftRegular health checks if its in dangerprovide and maintain safe systems of work

as is necessary to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable..

Health and Safety At Work Act 1974Your Duties Care assistantSection 7: states that it is the duty of every employee while at work to take reasonable care of him or herself and of any other person who may be affected by his or her actions. This section also requires employees to cooperate with their employer in relation to health and safety issues.Section 8: requires employees not to interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interest of health and safety

Employee

Take reasonable care of your own and other peoples health and safety. Co-operate with your employer on health and safety. Follow the training and instructions,Tell your employer, supervisor if you think the work or inadequate precautions are putting anyones health and safety at serious risk.If, after talking with your employer, you are still worried, you can find the address of your local enforcing authority for health and safety and the Employment Medical Advisory Service via HSEs website: www.hse.gov.uk.

What you must do

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2. The Workplace, (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992

These regulations deal with physical conditions in the workplace and require employers to meet minimum standards in relation to a wide range of matters, which include:maintenance of buildings and equipmentlightingprovision of drinking watertemperaturerest facilitiesventilationtoilet facilitiesfirst aid.

The Workplace, (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992

This legislation places legal implications on employers to ensure the safety of electrical devices in the workplace.The regulations dictate that all portable equipment must be inspected regularly and tested to ensure that it is safe for use. 'Portable equipment' means any electrical item that can be moved, which means that this regulation covers items from computer systems and printers to kettles and televisions.The testing should be carried out regularly (commonly every 12 months) and should be carried out by trained, authorised personnel. Hoist must be checked every after 6 months

The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989

electric shock, where the injury results from the flow of electricity through the body's nerves, muscles and organs and causes abnormal functions to occur (the heart stops).

The consequences of contact with electricity

Look for electrical wires, cables or equipment near where you are going to work and check for signs warning of danger from electricity, or any other hazard. Remember to look up, down, and around you.If you are going to use any electric equipment, check if that is safe to use, you have information / training how to use it, look for any damage. visual signs of damage or faults will control most of the electrical risksWork being carried out on or near systems must be carried out in such a manner as to avoid danger.

What you must do

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.3. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)

certain work-related accidents are reportable by law to the Health and Safety Executive or the local authority.

The following must be reported:

death of any persona major injury7 days work related illnessdangerous occurrences, eg building collapsework-related diseases, eg mesothelioma and hepatitis.

The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)

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4. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)

These regulations require employers to assess and prevent the risks to health from the use of any hazardous substances used in the workplace. A hazardous substance is one which has, by law, to be labelled as 'very toxic', 'toxic', 'harmful', 'irritant' or 'corrosive'. It therefore includes many chemical substances such as cleaning materials.

(COSHH) 2002

chemicals that may cause inflammation / irritation to the skin, sensitisation of the respiratory system leading to occupational asthma or dermatitisMost of the household cleaning product have this symbolHousehold products Irritant /harmful

If you swallow or breathe in the chemical, you could become very sick or die.Household products such as detergent, floor and furniture polish, paints, and various cleaning products for glass, wood, metal, ovens, toilets, Air fresheners and drains may contain hazardous chemicals

Toxic

The product or its fumes will catch fire easily if it is near heat, flames or sparks. Rags used with this product may begin to burn on their own. Oil and many cleaning and household product are flammable

The product can damage the tissue, eat away at your skin and flash. Examples of corrosive substances include drain cleaners, strong bleach solutions and concentrated acids ds..

They are not particularly hazardous on their own but become dangerous when mixed with other hazardous chemicals. cause a fire or damage living tissue.

Explosives are materials that have very fast chemical reactions. They release large quantities of gas in the form of an explosion.-

Always use Personal protective equipment. Throw away single-use gloves every time they are taken off.Follow the instructions on product labels.Store products containing chemicals securely in a cool, dry, dark place. And keep oxidise chemical separate.Clear up spills straightaway.

.What you need to do

Every year, there are numerous accidents to employees, carers, and service users from using work equipment in health and social care. Many are serious and some are fatal. Using the right, well-maintained equipment operated by trained staff can help prevent accidents and reduce the personal and financial costs. What the law says:The two main sets of regulations for the safe use of work equipment are:The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)

Equipment safety

5. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

This regulation applies to employer and to the provision and use of all work equipment . While employees do not have duties under PUWER, they do have general duties under the HSW Act and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWR), for example to take reasonable care of themselves and others who may be affected by their actions.

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The general duties require employers to: take into account the working conditions and risks in the workplace when selecting equipment; make sure that equipment is suitable for the use that will be made of it and it is properly maintained; and give adequate information, instruction and training. Specific requirements cover: protection from dangerous parts of machinery; maintenance operations; danger caused by other specific hazards; parts and materials at high or very low temperatures; control systems and controls; isolation of equipment from power sources; stability of equipment; lighting; and warnings and markings.

Generally, any equipment which is used by an employee at work is covered under this regulation. Examples include bedrails, hoists, electric profiling beds and medical equipment.

The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

place duties on employers and equipment providers who own, operate or have control over lifting equipment.

Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)

Applies to lifting equipment and place duties on employers and equipment providers.

To decide whether LOLER applies you(employer) need to answer two questions is it work equipment and, if so, is it lifting equipment?Where equipment is not defined as lifting equipment, if it is used at work the provisions of PUWER will still apply. Under LOLER, lifting equipment may need to be inspected at suitable intervals between thorough examinations. This is usually where your risk assessment has identified a significant risk from use of the equipment. Equipment should bestrong and stable enough for the particular use and marked to indicate safe working loads; positioned and installed to minimise any risks; used safely, ie the work is planned, organised and performed by competent people

LOLER

EquipmentDefined as lifting equipment or lifting accessory?Risk of injury?Thorough examination required?Lifting hoists (mobile)

Yes, equipmentYes, failure can result in serious injury or worseYes, a thorough examination at intervals of 6 months or less, or in accordance with a written schemeLifting hoists (fixed/ceiling)Yes, equipmentYes, failure can result in serious injury or worseYes, a thorough examination at intervals of 6 months or less, or in accordance with a written schemeEquipmentDefined as lifting equipment or lifting accessory?Risk of injury?Thorough examination required?

SlingsYes, accessoryYes, failure can result in serious injury or worseYes, a thorough examination at intervals of 6 months or less, or in accordance with a written schemeBath hoist a device which lifts and lowers a person from outside the bath into the bathYes, equipmentYes, failure can result in serious injury or worseYes, a thorough examination at intervals of 6 months or less, or in accordance with a written schemeStair liftYes, equipmentYes, failure can result in serious injury or worseYes, a thorough examination at intervals of 6 months or less, or in accordance with a written scheme

Which lifting equipment do you use at your work?Questions

Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999,

Identify situations where health and safety training is particularly important, eg when people start work, on exposure to new or increased risks and where existing skills may have become rusty or need updating.

Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999,

Risk Assessment

A risk assessment is simply a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people and how you can eliminate the risk

RISK ASSESSMENT

Difference between

Identify the hazardsDecide who might be harmed and howEvaluate the risks and decide on precautionRecord your findings and implement themReview your assessment and update if necessary

Five steps to risk assessment

Risk assessment

FIND THE 8 HAZADS AND RISK

1. Trailing wire from kettle2. Toaster wire in sink3. Matches in reach of children4. Iron left on board5. Pan handles sticking out6. Hot coffee cups on edge of work surface7. Ball & scooter on floor8. Too many plugs in socket with wires all trailing

ANSWERS

FIND 15 HAZARDS (exercise)

Prevention of Slips and Trips

There are many simple ways to control slips and trips risks and prevent accidents in your workplace.

THINK How do we slip/trip

Practical steps to prevent slips and trips accidents

Use entrance matting.Fix leaks if any/ Remove spillages promptlyDo not use chemical which make floor slippery.Dont walk on wet floor after moppingCheck for loose, damaged and worn flooring.Make sure lighting is sufficient and that slopes or steps are clearly visible.Keep walkways and work areas clear of obstructions.

Stop floors becoming contaminated

Find slip and trip hazards in this picture

Report and record. Report any damaged floors or mats.keep the workplace tidy. Remove any obstruction on the wayReport if something has gone wrong with your safety arrangements.Wear suitable shoes, slip-resistant footwearavoid rushing and overcrowding.

What you must do

Exercise

Infection control

Infection control

Wash your hands afteruse, and before and aftereating, drinking, smoking andusing the lavatory.Keep your hand dry. Having your hands wet for a long time or having them frequently wet during the day can irritate your skin leading to dermatitis.use skin creams regularly.

What you need to do

Start from no 1:45 wash hands

Infection control

Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness.

Food Safety

There will always be food safety hazards, but they can be controlled if you understand how food becomes contaminated and how to prevent this happening.Food Safety

Microbiological contamination - contaminants include food poisoning bacteria, spoilage bacteria, moulds, yeasts.Physical contamination - contaminants include glass, wood, hair, plastic, dead insects, metal fragments.Chemical contamination - contaminants include cleaning materials, pesticide residues, perfume.

Food Safety

As living organisms go, bacteria lead fairly simple lives. They don't walk or crawl, so the only time they go anywhere is when someone moves them. Otherwise, they pretty much stay put, content to spend their time eating and making more of themselves.

Unfortunately, what they're eating is our food especially foods that are high in protein, like meats, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products.

To be sure, some of them will go for low-protein foods like fruits and vegetables, but those ones are a lot slower. Which is why an onion or a peach left on your kitchen counter for a couple of days would still be safe to eat, while a steak clearly would not.

What Do Bacteria Like?

Bacteria spoil the food, produce smells, off-tastes or changes in the food's appearance a slimy surface, or some sort of discoloration.

Spoilage bacteria

The bacteria we're concerned with from a food safety standpoint are the so-called "pathogens" that cause food poisoning. And these pathogens, like salmonella or E. coli.

2 type of bacteria

Bacteria need warmth, time and moisture to grow. They reproduce by dividing themselves, so one bacterium becomes two and then two become four and so on. In the right conditions one bacterium could become several million in 8 hours and thousands of millions in 12 hours.This means that if a food is contaminated with a small number of bacteria and you leave it out of the fridge overnight it could be seriously contaminated by the next day. Then just one mouthful could make someone ill. If you put food in the fridge it will stop bacteria from multiplying.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xi2Nc1UicQ

How bacteria grow

.Video link

Danger Zone

Danger Zone

1. TAKE CHILLED AND FROZEN FOOD HOME EARLYAlways put these foods into your fridge or freezer as soon as you can. 2. PREPARE AND STORE RAW AND COOKED FOOD SEPARATELYIn addition, raw meat and fish should be stored at the bottom of your fridge. 3. KEEP THE COLDEST PART OF YOUR FRIDGE AT 0 - 5 DEGREES CELSIUSBuy and use a fridge thermometer. 4. CHECK THE 'USE-BY' DATESAlways check the dates and use food within the recommended period. 5. KEEP PETS AWAY FROM FOOD Also keep pets away from dishes and work tops.

Follow our ten tips to help keep you and your food safe and well.

6. WASH YOUR HANDS THOROUGHLY Always wash your hands thoroughly before preparing food, after going to the toilet or after handling pets. 7. KEEP YOUR KITCHEN CLEANWash work tops and utensils between handling food which is to be cooked and food which is not. 8. DO NOT EAT FOOD CONTAINING UNCOOKED EGGSEggs should always be stored in a fridge. 9. COOK FOOD WELLFollow the instructions on the pack, and if you reheat food make sure it is piping hot. 10. KEEP HOT FOODS HOT AND COLD FOODS COLD

Follow our ten tips to help keep you and your food safe and well.

Fire Safety

.Fire safety

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyrbiU0sB4s

Fire Safety

PersonFire blankets are made of fire-resistant material. They are particularly useful for wrapping around a person whose clothing is on fire. A fire blanket must be used calmly and with a firm grip. When putting a blanket on a victim, protect your own hands with the edge of the cloth.

Fire Safety

Around 60 per cent of accidental fires in the home start in the kitchen. Taking a few simple measures can make all the difference.

Fire safety

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Make your kitchen safe Keep the oven, hob and grill clean a build-up of fat and grease can easily catch fire. Keep your toaster clean, free of crumbs and away from curtains, kitchen rolls and anything else that could catch fire. Never put anything metallic inside your microwave. Never attempt to sterilise dish cloths or sponges by heating them in the microwave.

Fire safety

Never overload sockets use one plug in each socket. If you have to, use a fused adapter and keep the total output to no more than 13 amps (a kettle alone uses 13 amps). Remember, high-rated appliances such as washing machines always need their own socket. Make sure plugs have the correct fuse for the appliance being used. If in doubt, refer to the manufacturers instructions. Turn off electrical appliances when not being used and have them serviced regularly. Keep electrical leads and appliances away from water. Use a spark device to light gas cookers as this is safer than using matches or lighters.

Fire safety

Never leave children alone in the kitchen. Keep matches, lighters and pan handles where children cant reach them. Fit a child safety catch to the oven door. Keep handles of pans turned to the back of the hob and away from other gas burners/electric rings. Take pans off the heat and turn off the hob and/or grill if you have to leave the kitchen while cooking, and make sure the oven, hob and grill is turned off when you have finished cooking. Avoid cooking if you are tired, have been drinking alcohol or are taking medication that can make you drowsy.

Fire safety

Never fill a pan more than a third full with fat or oil. Dry chips/food before putting them in the pan. If the oil has started smoking turn off the heat and leave the oil to cool down, otherwise it may catch fire. Turn off the hob if you have to leave the kitchen whilst cooking. Fire safety

If your pan catches fire: Don't panic and dont take risks. Don't move the pan. Never throw water or use a fire extinguisher on a hot fat fire. If it's safe to do so - turn off the heat, but never lean over the pan to reach the controls. Leave the kitchen, close the door behind you, tell everyone else in the home to get out and dont go back inside for any reason.Always place your candles/tea lights in a suitable fire resistant candleholderFire safety

Portable heating appliances Never sit too close to the heater as you could set light to your clothes or chair, especially if you fall asleep. Heaters should stand where they can't be knocked over, away from beds, furniture and fabrics. Do not put anything on the heater or use it to dry clothes. Make sure all heaters are guarded, particularly if you have children. Never try to move any portable heater while it is alight/switched on always turn it off and allow it to cool first.

Fire safety

Report major injuries and fatalities at work to our Incident Contact Centre: 0845 300 9923. Report other injuries, diseases and dangerous incidents online at www.hse.gov.uk.

Manual Handling

Manual Handling

AVIODBending. Leaning sideways. Stretching. Over-reaching. Twisting (ALWAYS use the feet to move the body). Awkward and uncomfortable postures. Lifting above head height. Lifting at arms length.Over-reaching when sitting