Health And Safety

Department of Mechanica l Engineer ing UET Peshawar

Begin with the name of ALLAHThe Most Merciful, The Most

Beneficent

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Industrial Health And safetyME-410

Group MembersNUMAN KHAN (09PWMEC2837)IRFAN ULLAH (09PWMEC2863)

NAUMAN KHAN (09PWMEC2835)SAQIB NAWAZ (09PWMEC 2871)

Department of Mechanical Engineering UET Peshawar

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Chapter 6Roles of health and safety personnel• The modern health and safety team• Due to high diversity and complexity in this era of

technology Health and safety management has become a team sport.

• The modern health and safety team is headed by a health and safety manager.

• The team might include people in following additional positions: safety engineer, industrial hygienist, environmental engineer, health physicist, occupational physician, and occupational health nurse.

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A modern health and safety team

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Health and safety manager

Safety engineer

Environmental Engineer

Industrial Hygienist

Health physicist

Occupational Health Nurse

Occupational Physician


Health And Safety Manager• Most important member of health and safety

team.• The job of health and safety manger is complex

and diverse.• Its duties ranges from hazard analysis to

accident reporting to standards/compliance to record keeping to training emergency planning and so on.

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Role in Company Hierarchy

• In some companies health and safety manager might be a person who also has other duties such as production manager or personnel manager.

• In this case other members of health and safety team are not normally company employees.

• Another role determinant is the issue of authority i.e. Line or Staff authority.

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• Line authority means the health and safety manager has authority over and supervise employees.

• Staff authority means the health and safety manager is the staff person responsible for a certain function

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Problems Faced by health and safety Managers

Main problems faced by health and safety managers are as follows.

– Lack of commitment– Production versus safety– Gaining a Commitment to Health and safety

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• Lack of CommitmentModern health and safety professionals should be

prepared to confront a less than wholehearted commitment in some companies.

• Production versus Safety Production and safety are inversely related. If we want to increase safety, safety related equipment will be added to the equipment which results in low production.A common example is the removal of safety device from machines as a way to speed production.

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• Gaining a Commitment to health and safetyThere are many cases where health and safety managers have been their own worst enemy when it comes to gaining a companywide commitment.Successful are those who understand the goals

of improved productivity, quality, cost, image, service, and response time and are able to convey their message.

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Conti nued…• The modern health and safety manager must

understand the bottom line concerns of management, supervisors, and employees and be able to use these concerns to gain a commitment to health and safety.

• Competitiveness comes from continually improving a company’s productivity, quality, cost, image, service, and response time.

• If healthy and safe environment is provided continual improvement can easily be achieved.

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Productivity, Quality, Cost, and Response time

• These four factors are the key to productivity in the age of high technology and global competitiveness.

• A company which generates maximum output with least input is said to be Productive.

• Quality is a measure of reliability and customer satisfaction.

• Response time is the amount of time that elapses between order being placed and the product being delivered.

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• In order to compete in global marketplace,

industrial companies must continually improve these four factors.

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Factors that produce competi ti veness

service

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Essential ingredients of

competitiveness Response time

productivity

quality cost

Image


Image and Service• These two factors are also important for

competitiveness.• Of these two image relates more directly to

health and safety.• Companies that establish a solid internal image

in terms of health and safety will find it easier to attract and keep the best employees.

• Companies that establish a solid external image with regard to environment and product safety issues will find it easier to attract and retain customers.

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Educati on and training for health and safety managers

• Job of health and safety managers is more complex and diverse due to advancement of technology and new rules and regulations.

• Due to which the importance of Education and training has been increased.

• Formal education is important for providing foundation of related knowledge.

• In-service trainings are more effective for this purpose.

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Helpful agencies and Organizati ons• Provide database, training and other

professional literature in order to facilitate managers.

• Some of them are :– Certification Boards– Professional Societies– Scientific standards/ Testing Organization– Government Agencies– Trade Association

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Engineers and Safety• Engineer has a very important role in health and

safety issues and has more effect on health and safety than other persons.

• The most careless employee can’t cause a fraction of problems caused by a careless engineer.

• Engineers ability of good and bad appears during design process.

• Not all but some engineers are design engineers.

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Mechanical Engineering• Mechanical engineers are concerned with

motion and processes used to convert other form of energy into motion.

• They are responsible for designing, manufacturing, testing, and marketing devices.

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Design process• It is a plan of action to achieve a goal.• Steps of design process are as follows.– Problem identification– Synthesis– Analysis and evaluation– Document and Communicate– Produce and Deliver

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Safety Engineer

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• A vast title in workplace• It implies the person filling the position of

degreed engineer because of formal education.• The title also given sometime to safety

managers.• For this title, safety related formal education is

needed not engineering.• Industrial engineers are best as a safety

engineer.


Chapter seven Stress and Safety

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Stress And SafetyWhat is Stress?Stress is human reaction to the threatening

situationsIt is actually the difference between the level of

occupational demand and person’s ability to cope with this demand

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Disadvantages of stress

Decreased ProductivityHigher absenteeism Job turnovers

—Poor morale—Stress related illnesses

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Sources of work place stressTask complexityControlFeeling of responsibilityJob securityWorkload demandsPsychological supportLack of environmental safety

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Human reacti on to work place stress

Different categories of human reaction to workplace stress

Emotional (anxiety , aggression, guilt)Behavioral (being prone to accidents, trembling )Cognitive(inability to make decisions)

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Psychological(increased heart rate and blood pressure)

Organizational(absenteeism, poor productivity)

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Three stages of human stress response

Alarm• Occurs when the stress of a threat is sensed Symptoms: pallor, sweating, increased heart rate Resistance• A greater physical response is initiated due to

prolonging of stress• In this stage the body develops an adaptation

to the stress

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Exhaustion• In this stage the body’s failure occurs due to the

sustained stress.• Psychosomatic disorder such as gastric ulcer,

colitis, rashes, autoimmune disorder may begin during this stage

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Measurement of work place stress

Subjective ratingsBehavioral time sharingPsychophysiological techniques

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Shift work, Stress and SafetyWorkers surveyed have consistently reported

lower job satisfaction with rotating shiftsDay shift workers with the same task definitions

report higher job satisfaction then their 2nd or 3rd shift counterparts

Shift work reduces safety in terms of weariness, irritability, depression and lack of interest in work

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Reducing workplace stressDefining clear and accurate job descriptions Providing relaxation methods Allowing employees to talk freely with one

another during workAvoiding shift workAppreciating a humor in the workplace

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Stress in safety managersFour conditions that produce among safety managersRole overloadCoping with regulatory breakdownCommunication breakdownCompeting loyalties

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Thank You

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