Health and Home Ownership: Findings for the Case of Japan

8/9/2019 Health and Home Ownership: Findings for the Case of Japan

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LEKG Xbrdgah _lpjr Sjrgjs

Njlitn lae Nbfj Bwajrsngp=

@gaegahs `br tnj Clsj b` Mlpla

Ubsngldg Lgzlwl laeFlttngls Njikij

Ab. :;: Lprgi ;?


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Unj Xbrdgah _lpjr sjrgjs gs l cbatgaultgba b` tnj `brfjriy alfje Egscussgba _lpjr sjrgjs4tnj aufkjrgah b` tnj plpjrs cbatgauje wgtnbut gatjrruptgba br cnlahj. LEKG‗s wbrdgah

plpjrs rj`ijct gagtgli gejls ba l tbpgc lae lrj pbstje baigaj `br egscussgba. LEKG jacburlhjsrjlejrs tb pbst tnjgr cbffjats ba tnj flga plhj `br jlcn wbrdgah plpjr (hgvja ga tnjcgtltgba kjibw). Sbfj wbrdgah plpjrs fly ejvjibp gatb btnjr `brfs b` pukigcltgba.

Suhhjstje cgtltgba=

Lgzlwl, U., lae F. Njikij. ;?


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LEKG Xbrdgah _lpjr :;: Lgzlwl lae Njikij

Lkstrlct

Unj rjsjlrcn bkmjctgvj b` tngs plpjr gs tb tjst wnjtnjr njlitn cbaegtgbas lae njlitn kjnlvgbrlrj rjiltje tb nbfj bwajrsngp. Ungs qujstgba nls abt yjt kjja jxlfgaje qulatgtltgvjiy gatnj jxgstgah igtjrlturj. Bur jstgfltgba rjsuits snbw tnlt nbfjbwajrs cbasgstjatiy rjpbrt

kjttjr njlitn lae ijss pnysgcli prbkijfs. Unj sghag`gclacj b` nbfj bwajrsngp rjflgas jvjal`tjr cbatrbiigah `br `galacgli lssjts lae nbusgah cbaegtgbas. @urtnjrfbrj, bur jstgfltgbasgaegcltj tnlt nbfjbwajrs gavjst fbrj ga tnjgr `uturj njlitn ky uaejrhbgah vbiuatlrgiyfjegcli scrjjagahs fbrj `rjqujatiy. @galiiy, bur jstgfltgbas suhhjst tnlt nbfj bwajrsngp gspbsgtgvjiy cbrrjiltje wgtn njlitn clrj jxpjaegturj jvja wnja cbatrbiigah `br gacbfj, ejkt,lae btnjr `galacgli lssjts lae wj cbuie abt rjmjct tnj jxbhjajgty b` nbfj bwajrsngp. Burjfpgrgcli rjsuits tnus prbvgej jvgejacj `br tnj gfpbrtlacj b` nbfj bwajrsngp `br njlitn.

MJI Cilssg`gcltgba= G


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Cbatjats

5.3 Gaejpjaejat Plrglkijs ................................................................................... 7

:.

Ejscrgptgvj Stltgstgcs ................................................................................................


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nypbtnjrfgl, lae btnjr pnysgcli lae psycnbibhgcli prbkijfs. _bbr slagtltgba lisbijles tb l nghnjr rgsd b` cbatrlctgah ga`jctgbus egsjlsjs.

L aufkjr b` stuegjs nlvj ejfbastrltje qulatgtltgvjiy tnj igad kjtwjja pbbr nbusgahlae pbbr njlitn ga ejvjibpgah cbuatrgjs. @br jxlfpij, Alylr (


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qulrtjr b` tnj vlrglkgigty ga njlitn cbaegtgbas ga Mlpla cla kj lttrgkutje tb tnjsjeg``jrjacjs kjtwjja cgtgjs.

Ub bur dabwijehj, tngs plpjr gs tnj `grst lttjfpt tb jstgfltj qulatgtltgvjiy tnj gfplct b`nbfj bwajrsngp ba njlitn. Ga tnj ajxt sjctgba wj prjsjat l sgfpij tnjbrjtgcli fbeji tb

cbacjptuligzj bur flga nypbtnjsgs.

3. JCBABFGC UNJB[W

Unj sjfgali fbeji ky Hrbssfla (


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Hrbssfla‗s fbeji prjegcts tnlt g` jeucltgba gfprbvjs tnj j``gcgjacy wgtn wngcn njlitngs prbeucje, tnja fbrj jeucltje pjbpij ejflae l nghnjr bptgfli stbcd b` njlitn. Ga@ghurj ; tnj gfprbvjfjat b` j``gcgjacy cla kj ejscrgkje ls l sng`t b` tnj FJC curvj tbtnj rghnt. Unj ajw bptgfli stbcd b` njlitn gs ejtjrfgaje lt tnj ajw pbgat wnjrj tnjflrhgali rjtura b` tnj gavjstfjat jqulis tnj flrhgali cbst b` tnj gavjstfjat.

@ghurj ;= Gfprbvjfjat b` tnj Javgrbafjat lae tnj Njlitn Stbcd

N 6 stbcd b` njlitn, FC 6 flrhgali cbst, F[ 6 flrhgali rjtura, FJC 6 flrhgali j``gcgjacy b` gavjstfjatcurvj.

Sburcj= Lutnbrs.

@biibwgah tnj slfj ibhgc, wj wgii jxtjae tnj njlitn gavjstfjat fbeji lae laliyzj tnjj``jct b` nbfj bwajrsngp. Xj lssufj igvgah ga baj‗s bwa nbusj gfprbvjs tnjjavgrbafjatli cbaegtgba, J , ga wngcn njlitn gs prbeucje `rbf tnj `lct tnlt nbfjbwajrsgavjst fbrj ga kjttjr sbcgli clpgtli lae ibcli lfjagtgjs (Eg_lsqulij lae Hiljsjr


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gavjstje ky rjatjrs. Ga btnjr wbres, tnj j``gcgjacy hlgaje ky tnj javgrbafjatligfprbvjfjats jalkijs nbfjbwajrs tb prbeucj l cjrtlga ijvji b` njlitn wgtn `jwjrgaputs.

Hrbssfla (


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@ghurj 3= Djgb Nbusjnbie _laji Survjy Slfpij Sgzj

(aufkjr b` nbusjnbies)

Sburcj= Lutnbrs, klsje ba Djgb Nbusjnbie _laji Survjy.

5.; Njlitn-rjiltje Ejpjaejat Plrglkijs

5.;.< Sji`-lssjssje Njlitn

Ga tnj DN_S, tnj njlitn stltus b` l rjspbaejat cla kj ga`jrrje ky tnj laswjr tb tnjqujstgba= ’Nbw gs ybur njlitn abrfliiy2‖ Unj rjspbaejat cla cnbbsj la laswjr tb tngsqujstgba `rbf `gvj ijvjis= hbbe, prjtty hbbe, abrfli, abt sb hbbe, lae kle. Ga brejr tb`lcgigtltj bur laliysjs, wj nlvj trlas`brfje lii `gvj pbssgkij laswjrs gatb legcnbtbfbus vlrglkij `br tnj sji`-lssjssje-njlitn cbaegtgba (sln). Unj vlrglkij sln gsjquli tb < g` tnj rjspbaejats‗ njlitn cbaegtgbas lrj rltje ls ’hbbe‖ br ’prjtty hbbe,‖lae sln kjcbfjs ? g` tnj njlitn cbaegtgbas lrj cbasgejrje tb kj ’abt sb hbbe‖ br ’kle.‖

Ga leegtgba tb tnj fbrj hjajrli qujstgba ba njlitn, tnj DN_S cbatlgas spjcg`gcqujstgbas ba tnj pnysgcli lae psycnbibhgcli njlitn cbaegtgbas b` tnj rjspbaejats. Gtlsds tnj rjspbaejats nbw `rjqujatiy tnjy su``jr `rbf baj b` tnj `biibwgah


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5.;.; Fjegcli Jxpjaegturj

Ga tnj DN_S, fjegcli jxpjaegturj, fjejxp, gs fjlsurje ls tnj tbtli nbusjnbie but-b`-pbcdjt jxpjaegturj ba fjegcgajs, fjegcli trjltfjats, hilssjs, cbatlct ijasjs, lae sb`brtn ga tnj prjvgbus fbatn. Fjegcli jxpjaegturj cla kj gatjrprjtje ls gavjstfjat ga

hbbe njlitn. Unj fjegcli jxpjaegturjs lrj rjpbrtje ga tnbuslae yja.

5.;.3 Scrjjagahs

Unj ejcgsgba tb uaejrhb vbiuatlry fjegcli scrjjagahs (ùiiscrjja, clacjrscrjja) gslaliyzje ga tngs plpjr kjclusj gt rjìjcts rjspbaejats‗ lttgtuejs tbwlre prjvjatgvjnjlitn clrj. L cbfpijtj scrjjagah (ùiiscrjja) gs la bptgbali fuitgpnlsj fjegclijxlfgaltgba tnlt abrfliiy tldjs < br ; elys. Clacjr scrjjagah (clacjrscrjja) gs nghniylevgsje, kut la bptgbali jxlfgaltgba. Ba tnj btnjr nlae, l pjrgbegc scrjjagah(cbfplayscrjja) gs la laauli jxlfgaltgba tnlt jfpibyjjs lrj rjqugrje tb uaejrhb kycbfplagjs br tnj hbvjrafjat lae tnlt lrj `galacje ky tnj ilttjr.

5.3 Gaejpjaejat Plrglkijs

5.3.< Nbusgah Plrglkijs

Unj djy jxpilaltbry vlrglkij ga bur plpjr gs nbfj bwajrsngp (bwa), wngcn gs jquli tb <g` rjspbaejats nlvj laswjrje tnlt tnjy igvj ga tnjgr bwa ejtlcnje-nbusj brcbaebfgaguf. Xj cbasgejr nbusjnbies tb kj nbfjbwajrs wnb lrj igvgah ga tnjgr bwanbusj br cbaebfgaguf (kut ijlsgah tnjgr pibt).

Gt cla kj cbamjcturje tnlt l nbfjbwajr gs fbrj igdjiy tb igvj ga l nbfj wgtn l ilrhjrìbbr splcj lae ylre lae tnjsj cbuie nlvj l pbsgtgvj j``jct ba njlitn cbaegtgbas. Gabrejr tb cbatrbi `br pbssgkij eg``jrjacjs ga nbusgah cbaegtgbas kjtwjja nbfjbwajrslae rjatjrs, wj gatrbeucj sjvjrli vlrglkijs tnlt clpturj tnj quligty b` nbusgah=

• splcjrltgb= Unj ìbbr splcj (f;) pjr pjrsba ga tnj nbusjnbie.

• ylrerltgb= Unj ylre sgzj (f;) pjr pjrsba ga tnj nbusjnbie.

• nlhj= Unj lhj b` tnj nbfj.

• sjagbrklrrgjr = L euffy vlrglkij, wngcn jqulis < g` l rjspbaejat bvjr 8?yjlrs b` lhj gs igvgah ga l nbusj wgtn sbfj lfjagtgjs `br tnj jiejriy, sucnls nlaerlgis br ibw kltntuk wliis `br jlsy lccjss.

@urtnjrfbrj, wj cbatrbi `br tnj `lct tnlt tnj nbfj gs ibcltje ga la urkla lrjl (ilrhj brfgeeij-sgzj cgty) br l rurli lrjl lae cbastruct l cbrrjspbaegah euffy vlrglkij (urkla).

5.3.; Sbcgbejfbhrlpngc PlrglkijsGa brejr tb cbatrbi `br btnjr sbcgb-ejfbhrlpngc cnlrlctjrgstgcs, wj gatrbeucj tnj`biibwgah vlrglkijs=

• lhj= Unj lhj b` tnj rjspbaejat.

• `lfgiysgzj= Unj aufkjr b` `lfgiy fjfkjrs ga tnj `lfgiy b` tnj rjspbaejat.

• flij= L euffy vlrglkij tnlt jqulis < g` rjspbaejat gs flij lae ?btnjrwgsj.

• flrrgje= L euffy vlrglkij tnlt jqulis < g` rjspbaejat gs flrrgje lae ?btnjrwgsj.

• asfbdjr= L abasfbdjr euffy, wngcn cla rjìjct tnj j``jct b` sfbdgah ba

7


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njlitn. Xj jxpjct tnlt tnj abasfbdjr euffy plrtiy rj`ijcts lagaegvgeuli‗s tgfj prj`jrjacjs. Sltb lae Bagcng (;??;) lrhuje tnlt lfbahpjbpij wgtn nghn tgfj prj`jrjacjs tnj sfbdgah rltj wls nghnjr. Gt gs slgetnlt tgfj prj`jrjacjs pily l vgtli rbij ga ejtjrfgagah la gaegvgeuli‗s njlitn-rjiltje ejcgsgbas (@ucns ;). @br gastlacj, la gaegvgeuli wgtn nghn tgfjprj`jrjacjs wbuie kj fbrj igdjiy tb nlvj la uanjlitny ig`jstyij, wngcncbuie ga`iujacj tnjgr njlitn cbaegtgba. Xj jxpjct tnj abasfbdgah euffyclpturjs kbtn tnj egrjct j``jcts clusje ky sfbdgah lae tnj gaegrjct j``jctslttrgkutje tb gaegvgeuli tgfj prj`jrjacjs.

• sjagbr= Unj vlrglkij, sjagbr , gs jquli tb < `br gaegvgeulis bvjr tnj lhj b` 8?.Xj gatrbeucj tngs vlrglkij tb cbatrbi `br tnj j``jct b` tnj ibwjr cb-plyfjatrltjs `br jiejriy pjbpij ga Mlpla. Unj cb-plyfjat rltj `br leuits gscurrjatiy 3?%, kut baiy


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tldj gatb lccbuat tnj j``jct b` sbcgbjcbabfgc stltus ga bur stuey. Dlhlfgfbrg, Hlgal,lae Alsjrfbleejig (;??7) lae Furltl jt li. (;??>) snbw tnj sghag`gclat ga`iujacj b`sbcgbjcbabfgc stltus ba njlitn ga tnj Mlplajsj pbpuiltgba. @rbf aufjrbus jfpgrgclistuegjs, gt gs dabwa tnlt gaegvgeuli ig`jstyij gs lisb ga`iujacje ky sbcgbjcbabfgc stltus(Djadji


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survjys. 0 Ungs eg``jrjacj fghnt kj euj tb bur ej`gagtgba b` nbfj bwajrsngp.Nbfjbwajrs ga tngs plpjr lrj ej`gaje ls tnbsj wnb igvj ga tnjgr bwa nbusj brcbaebfgaguf, wngij tnj bwajrsngp rltj gs sbfjtgfjs rjpbrtje ls tnj rltj b` ’ejtlcnjenbusj‖ bwajrs. Labtnjr rjlsba cbuie kj tnlt wj cbuat ejtlcnje nbusjs laecbaebfgagufs wgtn ijlsje pibts ls bwajr-bccupgje nbusjs. Ajvjrtnjijss, wj lrjcbacjraje tnlt tnj rltj b` nbfj bwajrsngp ga tnj DN_S slfpij nbusjnbies gs nghnjrtnla tnj rltj ga tnj wnbij Mlplajsj pbpuiltgba, wngcn fghnt ijle tb l sjijctgba kgls gabur jstgfltgba. @ghurj 5 lisb giiustrltjs tnlt tnj nbfj bwajrsngp rltjs clpturje ky tnjDN_S gacrjlsje `rbf ;??5 tb ;? lae 0


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@ghurj := Nbfj Bwajrsngp ky Lrjl Uypj, ;??5–;?


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@ghurj 8= Fjla b` Nbfj Bwajrsngp [ltj ky \ugatgijs b` Gacbfj, ;? cbfplrjs tnj gacbfj, slvgahs, sjcurgtgjs, ejkt, lae fbrthlhj b` rjatjrs laenbfjbwajrs `br tnj yjlr ;?= @galacgli Sgtultgba b` [jatjrs vjrsus Nbfjbwajrs, ;?


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clrj`ui ga trjltgah tnjsj vlrglkijs (sjj Lppjaegx, @ghurj L.< `br ngstbhrlfs b` kbtnvlrglkijs).

:.3 Njlitn b` Nbfjbwajrs vjrsus [jatjrs

@ghurjs 7 lae


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@ghurj V). Unj

jxpilaltbry vlrglkijs tnjrj`brj gaciuej vlrglkijs ba gaegvgeuli ejfbhrlpngc


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ga`brfltgba, `galacgli sgtultgba (gaciuegah fbrthlhjs), jeucltgbali klcdhrbuae, laebtnjr ig`jstyij rjiltje vlrglkijs.

Xj jstgfltj `bur eg``jrjat spjcg`gcltgbas `br sji`-rjpbrtje njlitn cbaegtgbas lae tnjuaejrhbgah b` njlitn cnjcdups (sjj Ulkij ;). @grstiy, wj gaciuej tnj ibhlrgtnfgc

lfbuat b` slvgah lae sjcurgtgjs ls `galacgli lssjts ga tnj sjt b` jxpilaltbry vlrglkijs.Unja wj lee nbusgah cbaegtgba vlrglkijs tb tnj `grst jstgfltgba. Ga tnj tngre lae `burtnjstgfltgbas, wj jxciuej tnj `galacgli lssjt ga`brfltgba `rbf tnj `grst jstgfltgba lae tnjsjcbae jstgfltgba. [jlsbas `br tnj gaciusgba lae jxciusgba b` tnj `galacgli lssjts lrjtnlt tnjy fly su``jr fjlsurjfjat jrrbrs, wngcn hjajrliiy ngaejr tnj ejrgvltgba b`cbasgstjat jstgfltjs b` lii vlrglkijs. Labtnjr rjlsba `br tnj jxciusgba b` sbfjjxpilaltbry vlrglkijs gs tb cnjcd tnj rbkustajss b` bur jstgfltgba lae sjj tnj cnlahjga tnj cbj``gcgjat sgzj b` nbfj bwajrsngp lae gts stlaelre jrrbrs.

Ulkij ;= Cbfplrgsba b` Jstgfltgba Strltjhgjs

Sburcj= Lutnbrs.

0.< Jstgfltgba


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usuliiy lee ga tnj clacjr scrjjagah ls la jxtrl bptgba. Ga tngs sjasj, tnj cbfpijtjscrjjagah cbuie fbrj lccurltjiy rj`ijct gaegvgeuli ejflae `br prjvjatgvj njlitn clrjtnla tnj clacjr scrjjagah. Unj j``jct ba tnj prbklkgigty b` uaejrhbgah tnj flaeltbryscrjjagah gs jstgfltje `br rj`jrjacj, kjclusj kbtn nbfjbwajrs lae rjatjrs lrjjxpjctje tb uaejrhb tnj pjrgbegc cnjcdup g` tnjy lrj jfpibyje. Xj tnjrj`brj jxpjcttnlt `br tnjsj cbfpuisbry cnjcd-ups tb `gae ab eg``jrjacj kjtwjja nbfjbwajrs laerjatjrs. Ls ilrhj `grfs b`tja prbvgej tnjgr stl`` sbfj `galacgli gacjatgvjs tb uaejrhbvbiuatlry cnjcdups, wj usj tnj ilrhj cbfplay euffy, ilrhjcbfplay , ga burjstgfltgba tb cbatrbi `br tngs `galacgli gacjatgvj scnjfj. Unj jqultgba wj wgii jstgfltjtldjs tnj `biibwgah `brf=

6 + ( )※ < +


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j``jct lae tnj wgtnga-hrbup cbrrjiltgbas, wj gaciuej yjlr euffgjs ga tnj jxpilaltbryvlrglkij sjts lae usj l ciustjr rbkust cbvlrglacj jstgfltbr.

( )∘ 6 +


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8. JSUGFLUGBA [JSZIUS

8.< Jstgfltgba


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Ulkij 3= Jstgfltgba [jsuits `br Sji`-Lssjssje Njlitn ([laebf J``jcts _rbkgtJstgfltgba, Lvjrlhj Flrhgali J``jcts)

( -?.?3:>(?.?3 ?.5>; ?.? ?.87 ?.7 ?.?73(?.5) (?.08) (?.??883) (?.??>:3)

fbrthlhj ?.?8?5(?.? ?.?33> ?.?;35 ?.?373 ?.?3>7(?.?? ?.??5?< ?.?;0 ?.;80(?.33?) (?.) (?.


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Krbleiy spjldgah, ybuah flrrgje pjbpij igvgah ga tnjgr bwa nbusjs ga tnj cbuatrysgejtjae tb rjpbrt kjttjr njlitn cbaegtgbas. Xjii-jeucltje abasfbdjrs lrj lisb igdjiy tb kjnjlitngjr.

Ls `br pnysgcli lae fjatli njlitn (cbiufas 3–0), tnj rjsuits snbw tnlt nbfj

bwajrsngp baiy l``jcts pnysgcli njlitn. Unj cbj``gcgjat gs sfliijr cbfplrje tb bvjrliisji`-lssjssje njlitn lae gts sghag`gclacj ijvji kjcbfjs ibwjr bacj wj cbatrbi `brnbusgah cbaegtgbas. Gacbfj, slvgahs, lae kbrrbwgah l``jct kbtn pnysgcli lae fjatlinjlitn. Unj fbrthlhj euffy gs abt sghag`gclat `br jgtnjr njlitn cbaegtgba.

Surprgsgahiy, fja rjpbrtje kjttjr pnysgcli lae fjatli cbaegtgbas litnbuhn wj cbuie abt`gae l sghag`gclat j``jct ba tnjgr sji`-lssjssje njlitn. Flrrgje pjbpij tjae tb nlvjkjttjr fjatli cbaegtgbas. Ls `br tnj clsj b` sji`-lssjssje njlitn, wj `buae tnlt abtsfbdgah gfprbvje baj‗s pnysgcli lae fjatli njlitn. Litnbuhn tnj urkla euffysnbwje sghag`gclacj `br sji`-lssjssje njlitn, gt wls abt sghag`gclat `br pnysgcli brfjatli njlitn. Ga cbatrlst tb sji`-lssjssje njlitn, pjbpij igvgah ga l nbusj wgtn l ilrhjylre lrj fbrj igdjiy tb `jji psycnbibhgcliiy njlitny.

8.; Jstgfltgba ;= Nbfj Bwajrsngp lae _rjvjatgvj Njlitn Clrj

Unj jstgfltgbas rjsuits `br scrjjagahs lrj sufflrgzje ga Ulkij 5. @grstiy, wnja wj ebabt cbatrbi `br nbusgah cbaegtgba (cbiufa


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pjrgbegc cnjcdup lae plrtiy suppbrt tnj cbst b` tnj cbfpijtj fjegcli scrjjagah. Unjsj`galacgli gacjatgvjs fly lccbuat `br tnj sghag`gclacj b` tnj cbfplay sgzj euffy. Liitnjsj `lctbrs jxpilga wny ùii-tgfj wbrdjrs lt l ilrhj cbfplay br l hbvjrafjatbrhlagzltgba lrj fbrj igdjiy tb nlvj tnjsj twb bptgbali scrjjagahs.

Aba-sfbdjrs lrj sghag`gclatiy fbrj igdjiy tb tldj tnj cbfpijtj scrjjagah lae tnjpjrgbegcli scrjjagah. Ungs cla kj plrtiy jxpilgaje ky tnj `gaegah ky Sltb lae Bagcng(;??;) tnlt tnj sfbdgah rltj ga Mlpla gs nghnjr lfbah pjbpij wgtn l nghn tgfj egscbuatrltj. @rbf tngs vgjw pbgat, wj cbuie sly abasfbdjrs tjae tb vliuj tnjgr ùturj fbrjlae hjt fbrj prjvjatgvj scrjjagahs. Gatjrjstgahiy, tnj abasfbdjr euffy snbws tnjbppbsgtj sgha `br tnj clacjr scrjjagah. Ungs fghnt kj kjclusj sfbdjrs lrj fbrjcbacjraje lkbut clacjrs clusje ky sfbdgah. Xlragahs b` clacjr rgsds egspilyje balii Mlplajsj cghlrjttj plcdjts fghnt fldj sfbdjrs fbrj lwlrj b` tnj rgsds b`sfbdgah, clusgah tnjf tb nlvj clacjr scrjjagahs fbrj `rjqujatiy tnla abasfbdjrs.

Jeucltgba ijvjis snbw sghag`gclat pbsgtgvj j``jcts ba tnj ejcgsgba tb uaejrhb lcbfpijtj scrjjagah, wngcn gfpigjs tnlt fbrj jeucltje pjbpij lrj fbrj wgiigah tb

uaejrhb tnjf. Ungs rjsuit gs cbasgstjat wgtn tnj jvgejacj ga tnj Zagtje Stltjs prbvgejeky @ijtcnja lae @rgsvbie (;??7) tnlt nghnjr jeucltgba gs lssbcgltje wgtn la gacrjlsj gatnj igdjignbbe b` usgah sjvjrli typjs b` prjvjatgvj clrj. Unj lvjrlhj flrhgali j``jcts b`tnj jeucltgba ijvji euffgjs lrj rjiltgvjiy ilrhj ga bur jstgfltgba. Baiy tnj nghnjstjeucltgbali ijvji euffy snbws sghag`gclacj ̀ br clacjr scrjjagah.

Unj urkla euffy gs sghag`gclat baiy `br tnj ùii scrjjagah ga cbiufa


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Ulkij 5= Jstgfltgba [jsuits `br _rjvjatgvj Njlitn Clrj ([laebf J``jcts _rbkgtJstgfltgba, Lvjrlhj Flrhgali J``jcts)

( ?.?3?: ?.?3?> ?.?;>5 ?.??3;5 ?.??

(?.??5>8 ?.?3>5 -?.;?< -?.> ?.3;? ?.;0:(?.5;) (?.?7;?) (?.?:30) (?.?:>0) (?.?:?:) (?.?::3)

jeuijvji; ?.53; ?.>7? ?.0) (?.?7?5) (?.8?) (?.??7::) (?.??853) (?.??>55)

iasjcurgtgjs ?.?3?5 ?.?3;8 ?.??;?< ?.???< -?.?;


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8.3 Jstgfltgba 3= Nbfj Bwajrsngp lae Fjegcli Jxpjaegturj

Xnja wj lssufj nbfj bwajrsngp gs jxbhjabus, nbfj bwajrsngp snbws l pbsgtgvjsghag`gclat j``jct ba fjegcli jxpjaegturj ga tnj pbbije BIS, tnj `gxje j``jcts, lae tnj

rlaebf j``jcts jstgfltgba fbejis (cbiufas


28/40


jstgfltbrs lrj gejatgcli lt tnj


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Ulkij := Jstgfltgba [jsuits `br Fjegcli Jxpjaegturj

((?.?;5;) (?.?3)

plrttgfjwbrdjr -?.?3:> -?.?3:7 -?.?38> -?.?3?:(?.?;0:) (?.?35? ?.?3>3(?.?


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>. CBACIZSGBA LAE IGFGULUGBAS

Unj rjsjlrcn bkmjctgvj b` tngs plpjr nls kjja tb tjst wnjtnjr njlitn lae nbfjbwajrsngp lrj cbrrjiltje. Bur jstgfltgba rjsuits snbw tnlt nbfjbwajrs cbasgstjatiy

rjpbrt kjttjr sji`-rjpbrtje njlitn, gaciuegah ijss pnysgcli prbkijfs. Unj sghag`gclacj b`nbfj bwajrsngp rjflgaje jvja l`tjr cbatrbiigah `br `galacgli lssjts lae nbusgahcbaegtgbas. @urtnjrfbrj, bur jstgfltgbas suhhjst tnlt nbfj bwajrsngp gs pbsgtgvjiycbrrjiltje wgtn njlitn clrj jxpjaegturj, jvja wnja cbatrbiigah `br gacbfj, ejkt, laebtnjr `galacgli lssjts. Xj cbuie abt rjmjct tnj jxbhjajgty b` nbfj bwajrsngp.

@biibwgah Hrbssfla (


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gfpiy tnlt nbusgah cbaegtgbas lrj abt gfpbrtlat `br njlitn. Gfprbvgah nbusgah cbaegtgbasgs stgii l djy gssuj ga fbst Lsgla cbuatrgjs `br gfprbvgah njlitn butcbfjs. @br jxlfpij,ls Drgjhjr lae Nghhgas (;??;) jfpnlsgzj tnjrj gs hrbwgah gfpbrtlacj b` pukigc njlitnlctgba ga tnj crjltgba b` njlitngjr nbfjs. Nbwjvjr, tnj gfpbrtlacj b` nbfj bwajrsngp`br btnjr sbcgbjcbabfgc butcbfjs gs abt yjt wjii uaejrstbbe. Xj nbpj tnlt burjfpgrgcli gavjstghltgba nls snje ajw ighnt gatb tngs ejkltj.

;7


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Njcdfla, M. M. 3–. Lssbcgltgba kjtwjjaEjprjssgba lae Sbcgb-jcbabfgc Stltus lfbah Cbffuagty-ewjiigah Jiejriy gaMlpla= Unj Lgcng Hjrbatbibhgcli Jvliultgba Stuey (LHJS). Njlitn & _ilcj


34/40


Uldlab, U., lae D. Aldlfurl. ;??


35/40

LEKG Xbrdgah _lpjr :;5 Lgzlwl lae Njikij

L__JAEG^Ulkij L.5 35 .5;8>88: 3?00 .87;:030 .5?::307 85> .0;?3;?7 .5>:030:80 3?00 3.53;5>: ;.0>>:?3 807 3?00 .::557 .5??0>>: 3?;> .;??87;0 .5??0:75 85< .;??;7;0;

jeuijvji< < g` `gali jeucltgba ijvji gs cbfpuisbry jeucltgba ijvji 3>0:80 .;07;3>7 3?00 .?83880>5

jeuijvji; < g` `gali jeucltgba ijvji gs nghn scnbbi ijvji 3>?:> .5775:?3 85> .537>370 .5700778jeuijvji3 < g` `gali jeucltgba ijvji gs uagvjrsgty ijvji br fbrj 3> .5:5:5:: .57>;0;>

asfbdjr < g` aba-sfbdjr 3>?? .:35830> .57>>:8: 3?:: .:::>;:5 338.73?5slvgah Lfbuat b` slvgahs lae ejpbsgts (¥


36/40

LEKG Xbrdgah _lpjr :;5 Lgzlwl lae Njikij

Ulkij L.;= Cbrrjiltgba Fltrgx (Lii Slfpijs)

Sburcj= Lutnbrs.

l hj l hjs q s ja gb r f li j f lr rg je ` lf gi ys g

zj

`uiitgfj

wbrdjr

plrttgfj

wbrdjr

ilrhjcb

fplay

stuejat asfbdjr jeuijvji

;

jeuijvji

3

ia gac ia kb rr b

w

fbrthlh

j

b wa u rk la ia s lvgah ia sj cu rgt

gjs

iasplcjr

ltgb

iaylrerl

tgb

iaegstla

cj

nlhj sjagbrkl

rrgjr`rjj

s ln p ny s gcl i fja tli `ui is c rj j

a

clacjrsc

rjja

cbfpla

yscrjja

iafjejx

p

lhj <

lhjsq ?.77?7 <

sjag br ?.5>:> ?.::;5 <

flij ?.?5:; ?.?5> ?.?30< <

f lr rgje ? .; ?> : ? .< 8? 5 ?. ?? 7> ?. ?0 58 <

`lfgiysgzj -?.;5?7 -?.;0> -?. -?.?7 ?.3:: -?.;5:8 ?.5:;3 -?.5> ?.?>?: -?.57:8 <

ilrhjcbfplay -?.:0 -?.??55 ?.0 ?.?03 -?.??;> -?.?< ?.5 ?.5; ?.80;0 ?.??5< ?.?? -?.?3 ?.?580 -?.?< ?.?378 ?.?8 ?.?:30 ?.?7;5 -?.?3:: -?.?0 ?.?3 -?.?;


37/40


38/40


Ulkij L.3= Jstgfltgba [jsuits `br Sji`-Lssjssje Njlitn ([laebf J``jcts _rbkgtJstgfltgba, wgtnbut @galacgli Lssjts, Lvjrlhj Flrhgali J``jcts)

(58) (?.??>33)

fbrthlhj ?.?8?8 -?.??0?0 ?. ?.;07

(?.33:) (?.


39/40


Ulkij L.5= Jstgfltgba [jsuits `br _rjvjatgvj Njlitn Clrj ([laebf J``jcts _rbkgtJstgfltgba, wgtnbut @galacgli Lssjts, Lvjrlhj Flrhgali J``jcts)

( ?.??5:: ?.?3;5 ?.?3?; ?.??;>7(?.??5?8) (?.??;:0) (?.??;;:) (?.??503) (?.??;>0) (?.??;:>)

sjagbr -?.5(?.?>0:) (?.?:3) (?.?:> ?.3 ?.5?8 ?.0? ?.???;38 -?.?? ?.???;37(?.?5>) (?.??8;0) (?.?) (?.??73?;)

fbrthlhj ?. ?.


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Ulkij L.:= Jstgfltgba [jsuits `br Fjegcli Jxpjaegturj (wgtnbut @galacgli Lssjts)

(0 -?.?3;> -?.?;0: -?.?;?8 -?.?;78 -?.?5) (?.??>) (?.?35 -?.?50> -?.?3(?.?>) (?.?;7 -?.?58; -?.?:>?(?.?3057 -?.?:58 -?.?8:>(?.?;0:) (?.?;87) (?.?508)

bwa ?.; ?.

Health and Home Ownership: Findings for the Case of Japan

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