Heading Page # The Appendicular Skeleton – Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limbs Table of Contents.

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The Appendicular Skeleton – The Appendicular Skeleton – Shoulder Girdle and Upper LimbsShoulder Girdle and Upper Limbs

Table of Contents

The Appendicular Skeleton

Shoulder girdle Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

Composed of two bones Clavicle – collarbone

Acts as a brace to hold the arm away from the top of the thorax

Scapula – shoulder blade

Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

Figure 5.20a–b

Bones of the Shoulder Bones of the Shoulder GirdleGirdle

Figure 5.20c–d

acromion processacromion process

corocoid processcorocoid process

suprascapular notchsuprascapular notch

glenoid cavityglenoid cavity

three bordersthree borders

three anglesthree angles

Scapula

Enlarged end of the spine of thescapula

Beaklike; anchors somemuscles of the arm

Serves as a nerve passageway

Shallow socket that receives thehead of the arm bone

superior, medial (vertebral), and lateral (axillary)

superior, inferior, and lateral

Bones of the Upper LimbBones of the Upper Limb

The upper arm is The upper arm is formed by a formed by a single bonesingle bone HumerusHumerus

Figure 5.21a–b

HumerusHumerusgreater and lesser greater and lesser

tuberclestubercles

deltoid tuberositydeltoid tuberosity

radial grooveradial groove

Processes: trochlea and Processes: trochlea and capitulumcapitulum

Depressions: coronoid Depressions: coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa and olecranon

fossafossa

Sites of muscle attachment

where the deltoid muscle of the shoulder attach

marks the course of the radial nerve

articulate with the bones of the forearm

allows the corresponding processes of the ulna to move freely when the elbow is bent and extended

Bones of the Upper Limb The forearm has two

bones Ulna Radius

Figure 5.21c

Forearm

Radioulnar joints

Interosseous membrane

Radial tuberosity

Processes: coronoid and olecranon

where radius and ulnaarticulates

connects radius and ulna along their entire length

where tendon of the bicep muscles attach

grip the trochlea of the humerus in a pliers-like joints

Bones of the Upper LimbBones of the Upper Limb

The handThe handCarpals – wristCarpals – wristMetacarpals – Metacarpals –

palmpalmPhalanges – Phalanges –

fingersfingers

Figure 5.22

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