Hazard Identification and Control

Hazard Identification and Control

Courtesy of the Public Education and Conferences Section

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA)

IDENTIFYING HAZARDS

It takes a hazard and someone exposed to the hazard to produce an accident.

Hazard + Exposure AccidentHazard + Exposure Accident

What is “Exposure?”

• How close are you to the "danger zone"?

• Physical exposure - generally arm’s length

• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

• They are specific: if you can point to a person or a thing, it's a surface symptom

• They may exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere

• They may directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident

• They likely represent the outputs of a flawed safety management system

• They are important clues revealing root causes

Conditions and behaviors are just the symptoms

• Conditions account for _____ % of all workplace accidents.

• Behaviors account for _____ % of all workplace accidents.

• Uncontrollable acts account for ____ % of all workplace accidents.

3

95

2

Conclusion: Management has some degree of control over 98% of the causes for all accidents in the workplace!

The underlying root causes must be diagnosed and treated!

System Design Defects - Missing or inadequate program development

• One or more inadequate policies, plans, programs, processes, procedures, practices

• Inadequate resources - money, time, people, materials, etc.

• Assures inadequate implementation of the safety management system

• Have the greatest positive or negative impact on the safety management system

System Performance Defects - Failure to accomplish action plans

• Managers, supervisors, or employees fail to effectively carry out safety policies, plans, processes, procedures or management practices

• They produce common hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors, or

• They produce repeated unique hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors

How to develop an effective safety and health checklist.

• Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace.

• Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace.

• Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.

Inspections1

Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards

Who's involved in the inspection process?

What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process?

What process(es) can we use to overcome this weakness?

Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety.

• Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.

Observation2

The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...

• Break a job or task into specific steps.

• Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.

• Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

• Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).

3SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Step 2 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Step 3 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process?

What is the purpose of the incident/accident analysis?

Inspect to identify potential accidents

Struck-by

Struck-against

Contact-by

Contact-with

Caught-on

Caught-in

Caught-between

Fall-To-surface

Fall-To-below

Over-exertion

Bodily reaction

Over-exposure

No recognition planInadequate training plan

No accountability policy No inspection policy

No discipline procedures

No orientation process

Inadequate training

Fails to enforceLack of time

No recognition

CutsBurns

La

ck o

f vis

ion

Strains

No

mis

sio

n s

tate

me

nt

Direct Cause of Injury

Surface Causes

RootCauses

Weed out the causes of injuries and accidents

Direct Cause of injury- A harmful transfer of energy that produces injury or illness.

Surface Causes of accident - Specific hazardous conditions or unsafe behaviors that result in an accident.

Root Causes of the accident - Common behaviors and conditions that ultimately result in an accident.

Probability

• Unlikely to Certain

Severity

• Other than serious -

• Serious physical harm -

• Death -

Analyze to Determine Risk

Factors that increase risk

• The number of employees exposed;

• The frequency and duration of exposure;

• The proximity of employees to the point of danger;

• Potential severity of the injury or illness

• Factors that require work under stress;

• Factors that increase severity;

• Lack of proper training and supervision or improper workplace design; or

• Other factors which may significantly affect the degree of probability of an accident occurring.

What’s the Bottom Line on Accident costs?

Total Claims: 25,662Average Cost: $11,678

FatalitiesAverage Cost: $300,000

1. Engineering Controls - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities

Hazard + Exposure AccidentHazard + Exposure Accident

CONTROLLING HAZARDS

2. Management Controls - Attempt to limit exposure to hazards.

Hazard + Exposure AccidentHazard + Exposure Accident

Why are engineering control considered to be superior to work practice or administrative controls?

Control hazards with effective education and training

DOCUMENT TRAINING!

Sample training certification for specific tasks

• Trainee certification

• Trainer certification

• Supervisor validation

If it isn’t in writing…it didn’t get done…

Personal Protective Equipment

What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers?

Interim measures

Effective Maintenance Processes

Two equipment maintenance programs

1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly.

2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly.

How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?

What’s the Bottom Line on Accident costs?

Total Claims: 25,662Average Cost: $11,678

FatalitiesAverage Cost: $300,000

Total Claims: 25,662Average Cost: $11,678

FatalitiesAverage Cost: $300,000

Discussion!