Haz Mat Monitoring And You!!!

HazMat Monitoring and HazMat Monitoring and You!!!You!!!

……or what they taught you in or what they taught you in HM School but you already HM School but you already

forgot!!!forgot!!!

Your Instructor…Your Instructor…

Professor Russell PetersonProfessor Russell PetersonMS, HM SpecialistMS, HM Specialist

Honorary Associate Professor of Hazmatology and Applied Chemically Contaminated

Atmospheric Sampling Sciences

What we will learn today:What we will learn today:

• Understand the operations of the Understand the operations of the various types of monitors the BFD various types of monitors the BFD uses;uses;

• Understand and demonstrate the Understand and demonstrate the usage of these monitors;usage of these monitors;

• Understand the limitations of these Understand the limitations of these monitors; andmonitors; and

• Understand and demonstrate the Understand and demonstrate the calibration of these monitors.calibration of these monitors.

Types of monitorsTypes of monitors

•Lower Explosive Limits (flammable Lower Explosive Limits (flammable gases)gases)

•OxidizersOxidizers

•Toxic gases (CO, HToxic gases (CO, H22S, ClS, Cl22, NH, NH33, , etc.)etc.)

•RadiationRadiation

•Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous Chemicals

Two sources of monitoringTwo sources of monitoring

• Point sourcePoint source– This is taken at the source of the contaminant or This is taken at the source of the contaminant or

material – used for determining presence of HM.material – used for determining presence of HM.– Contaminant is drawn into the monitor via an air Contaminant is drawn into the monitor via an air

pump – representative of the atmosphere at the pump – representative of the atmosphere at the end of the probe.end of the probe.

• AmbientAmbient– This is taken at the monitor face and is more This is taken at the monitor face and is more

representative of the total atmosphere – used for representative of the total atmosphere – used for responder safety (“breathing zone”).responder safety (“breathing zone”).

– Is gas dependent. Some gases sink or rise so Is gas dependent. Some gases sink or rise so ambient monitoring is not as effective as point ambient monitoring is not as effective as point source monitoring.source monitoring.

Lower Explosive Limit Lower Explosive Limit monitorsmonitors

• Measures the concentration of a Measures the concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in air flammable vapor or gas in air indicating the results as a indicating the results as a percentage of the LEL of the percentage of the LEL of the calibration gascalibration gas

• Instruments use a combustion Instruments use a combustion chamber containing a filament that chamber containing a filament that combusts the flammable gascombusts the flammable gas

LEL, continued…LEL, continued…

• Filament is coated with a catalyst to Filament is coated with a catalyst to facilitate combustionfacilitate combustion

• The filament is part of a balanced The filament is part of a balanced resistor circuit called a “Wheatstone resistor circuit called a “Wheatstone Bridge”Bridge”

• The filament burns the gas which The filament burns the gas which increase the temperature of the filamentincrease the temperature of the filament

• As filament temperature rises, so does As filament temperature rises, so does resistanceresistance

LEL, continued…LEL, continued…

• This increased resistance results in an This increased resistance results in an imbalance in the Wheatstone circuit and is imbalance in the Wheatstone circuit and is reflected by a digital or analog readout on reflected by a digital or analog readout on the meter.the meter.

• Organic lead vapors (leaded gasoline) foul Organic lead vapors (leaded gasoline) foul the filament and acid gases will cause the the filament and acid gases will cause the filament to corrode.filament to corrode.

• Instrument is temperature dependent, as Instrument is temperature dependent, as are most flammable gases.are most flammable gases.

Relative ResponseRelative Response

• The different types of instruments that we use The different types of instruments that we use are calibrated to specific flammable gasesare calibrated to specific flammable gases

• When you are “measuring” gases other than When you are “measuring” gases other than the calibration gas, the instrument will read the calibration gas, the instrument will read either higher or lower depending on the either higher or lower depending on the materialmaterial

• Spilled gasoline in a sewer system that Spilled gasoline in a sewer system that contains methane can be a problemcontains methane can be a problem

• BE CAREFUL!!!BE CAREFUL!!!

Cross Sensitivity MultipliersCross Sensitivity Multipliersfor the CMX and TMX monitorsfor the CMX and TMX monitors• HydrogenHydrogen 0.50.5• MethaneMethane 0.70.7• AcetyleneAcetylene 0.70.7• EthyleneEthylene 0.60.6• EthaneEthane 0.70.7• PropanePropane 0.80.8• ButaneButane 0.80.8• PentanePentane 1.01.0• HexaneHexane 1.3 1.3

• MethanolMethanol 0.60.6• EthanolEthanol 0.80.8• AcetoneAcetone 0.90.9• IsopropanolIsopropanol 1.11.1• BenzeneBenzene 0.90.9• TolueneToluene 1.01.0• StyreneStyrene 1.51.5• XyleneXylene 1.31.3

Subject to an accuracy of +/- Subject to an accuracy of +/- 25% per manufacturer25% per manufacturer

Rule of thumbRule of thumb

The lighter the material (or the fewer The lighter the material (or the fewer carbons it has), the less the multiplier. carbons it has), the less the multiplier. The number on your LEL meter will be The number on your LEL meter will be greater than the percentage of actual greater than the percentage of actual

LEL you have present… LEL you have present…

Oxidizer monitorsOxidizer monitors

• These monitors are used to monitor the These monitors are used to monitor the atmosphere for four reasons:atmosphere for four reasons:– Oxygen content for respiratory purposes – Oxygen content for respiratory purposes –

below 19.5%, atmosphere is oxygen deficientbelow 19.5%, atmosphere is oxygen deficient– Increased risk of combustion – above 25%, Increased risk of combustion – above 25%,

atmosphere is oxygen enrichedatmosphere is oxygen enriched– Use of other instruments. Below 10% affects Use of other instruments. Below 10% affects

LEL monitorsLEL monitors– Presence of contaminants. Many other Presence of contaminants. Many other

chemicals will displace oxygen. Each % chemicals will displace oxygen. Each % decrease on the monitor means a 5% drop in decrease on the monitor means a 5% drop in oxygen and a 5% increase in “something else”oxygen and a 5% increase in “something else”

Oxidizer monitors, Oxidizer monitors, continuedcontinued• Caveat – an “oxygen” monitor measures Caveat – an “oxygen” monitor measures

all oxidizers, from Oall oxidizers, from O2 2 to Oto O33 (ozone) to off (ozone) to off gassing nitrates, chlorates (Clgassing nitrates, chlorates (Cl2 2 and Oand O2 2

radicals), and perchlorates. Don’t get in radicals), and perchlorates. Don’t get in the habit of thinking that the number the habit of thinking that the number

you are reading is the oxygen you are reading is the oxygen percentage; it is the percentage of an percentage; it is the percentage of an oxidizer which is in the atmosphere.oxidizer which is in the atmosphere.

Oxidizer monitors, Oxidizer monitors, continuedcontinued• Monitor uses a electrochemical sensor that Monitor uses a electrochemical sensor that

measures oxidizer concentration in the air.measures oxidizer concentration in the air.• Sensor is made on two electrodes, a housing Sensor is made on two electrodes, a housing

containing a basic electrolyte solution, and a containing a basic electrolyte solution, and a semi-permeable Teflon membrane.semi-permeable Teflon membrane.

• Atmosphere enters the membrane, reacts Atmosphere enters the membrane, reacts with the solution which results in produces with the solution which results in produces

an electrical current.an electrical current.• This current is passed through an amplifier This current is passed through an amplifier

which is reflected on a digital or analog which is reflected on a digital or analog meter.meter.

Oxidizer monitors, Oxidizer monitors, continuedcontinued

• Process is non-reversible and is a Process is non-reversible and is a chemical reaction (rxn). Whenever it is chemical reaction (rxn). Whenever it is

removed from a nitrogen purged removed from a nitrogen purged atmosphere, it is active. Sensor life span atmosphere, it is active. Sensor life span

is about 1 year.is about 1 year.

• Exposure to COExposure to CO22 and strong oxidizing and strong oxidizing chemicals (such as chlorine and ozone) chemicals (such as chlorine and ozone)

will cause the sensor to wear out will cause the sensor to wear out quicker.quicker.

Effects of Oxygen levelsEffects of Oxygen levels

• +23%+23% Extreme fire hazardExtreme fire hazard

• 21%21% Normal air concentrationNormal air concentration

• 19.5%19.5% Minimum OSHA safe levelMinimum OSHA safe level

• 16%16% Disorientation, impaired Disorientation, impaired judgement and breathingjudgement and breathing

• 14%14% Faulty judgement, fatigueFaulty judgement, fatigue

• 8%8% Mental failure, faintingMental failure, fainting

• 6%6% Difficult breathing, death in Difficult breathing, death in minsmins

Toxic gases monitors Toxic gases monitors

• Used to:Used to:– identify airborne chemicals, identify airborne chemicals, – evaluate exposures to occupants and evaluate exposures to occupants and

responders, responders, – evaluate the need for PPE, and evaluate the need for PPE, and – develop control methods to reduce develop control methods to reduce

exposure.exposure.

Toxic gases monitorsToxic gases monitors

• Four kinds of Toxic Gas monitorsFour kinds of Toxic Gas monitors– Colorimetric inidicatorsColorimetric inidicators

•Can be tubes, tape, or badgesCan be tubes, tape, or badges

– Specific chemical sensorsSpecific chemical sensors•Electrochemical sensorsElectrochemical sensors

– Total vapor survey metersTotal vapor survey meters•PID’s and FID’sPID’s and FID’s

– Gas ChromatographsGas Chromatographs

Toxic gases monitors, Toxic gases monitors, continuedcontinued

• Colorimetric tubes Colorimetric tubes – Works through a chemical rxn which Works through a chemical rxn which

results in a color change when the results in a color change when the reagent is exposed to a specific chemical.reagent is exposed to a specific chemical.– Amount of color change correlates to a Amount of color change correlates to a

concentration that is drawn through the concentration that is drawn through the tube. This concentration is correlated to tube. This concentration is correlated to a percentage or ppm via the number of a percentage or ppm via the number of

pump strokes.pump strokes.

Toxic gases monitors, Toxic gases monitors, continuedcontinued• Specific chemical sensorsSpecific chemical sensors

– Monitor uses a electrochemical sensor that measures Monitor uses a electrochemical sensor that measures oxidizer concentration in the air.oxidizer concentration in the air.

– Sensor is made on two electrodes, a housing Sensor is made on two electrodes, a housing containing a basic electrolyte solution, and a semi-containing a basic electrolyte solution, and a semi-permeable Teflon membrane.permeable Teflon membrane.

– Atmosphere enters the membrane, reacts with the Atmosphere enters the membrane, reacts with the solution which results in produces an electrical solution which results in produces an electrical current.current.

– This current is passed through an amplifier which is This current is passed through an amplifier which is reflected on a digital or analog meter.reflected on a digital or analog meter.

– Sensor is non-reversible – is used up as long as it is Sensor is non-reversible – is used up as long as it is exposed to the gasexposed to the gas

Toxic gases monitors, Toxic gases monitors, continuedcontinued• Specific chemical sensorsSpecific chemical sensors

– Metal Oxide sensorMetal Oxide sensor•Consists of a metal oxide film coating on Consists of a metal oxide film coating on

heated ceramic substrate fused or wrapped heated ceramic substrate fused or wrapped around a platinum wire coilaround a platinum wire coil

•Gas comes in contact with metal oxide, Gas comes in contact with metal oxide, replaces the oxygen in the oxide which replaces the oxygen in the oxide which results in a change in conductivityresults in a change in conductivity

•Change in conductivity is reflected in a Change in conductivity is reflected in a change in the analog or digital meterchange in the analog or digital meter

•Sensors are not always chemical specific. Sensors are not always chemical specific. CO sensors, for example, can rx with HCO sensors, for example, can rx with H22S gasS gas

Effects of Carbon MonoxideEffects of Carbon Monoxide

• 35 ppm35 ppm PEL, 8 hrs (OSHA)PEL, 8 hrs (OSHA)• 200 ppm200 ppm frontal headache in 2-3 hrsfrontal headache in 2-3 hrs• 400 ppm400 ppm frontal headache and nausea frontal headache and nausea

in in 1-2 hrs; Occipital in 2.5-3.5 1-2 hrs; Occipital in 2.5-3.5 hrshrs

• 800 ppm800 ppm Headache, nausea in 45 minsHeadache, nausea in 45 mins• 1600 ppm1600 ppmHeadache, nausea in 20 minsHeadache, nausea in 20 mins• 3200 ppm3200 ppmHeadache, nausea in 5 minsHeadache, nausea in 5 mins• 6400 ppm6400 ppmHeadache, nausea in 1 minHeadache, nausea in 1 min• 12,800 ppm12,800 ppm Unconscious immediately; Unconscious immediately;

death death in 1-3 minsin 1-3 mins

Toxic gases monitors, Toxic gases monitors, continuedcontinued• Total vapor survey metersTotal vapor survey meters

– PID’s (Photo Ionization Detector)PID’s (Photo Ionization Detector)

•Uses an ionizer (UV in the case Uses an ionizer (UV in the case

of the PID) to ionize the chemicalof the PID) to ionize the chemical

•The ionized chemical flows to the + The ionized chemical flows to the +

and – charged platesand – charged plates

•The mass of each ionized element is The mass of each ionized element is

measuredmeasured

•The chemical reforms and exits through the pumpThe chemical reforms and exits through the pump

•Not chemical specificNot chemical specific

Toxic gases monitors, Toxic gases monitors, continuedcontinued• Total vapor survey metersTotal vapor survey meters

– FID’s (Flame Ionization Detector)FID’s (Flame Ionization Detector)•Uses an ionizer (CHUses an ionizer (CH33 in the case of the FID) to in the case of the FID) to

ionize the chemicalionize the chemical•The ionized chemical flows to the + The ionized chemical flows to the + and – charged platesand – charged plates•The mass of each ionized element is The mass of each ionized element is measuredmeasured•The chemical is destroyed during the processThe chemical is destroyed during the process•Not chemical specific – specific for HC’s (must Not chemical specific – specific for HC’s (must

be able to burn)be able to burn)

Toxic gases monitors, Toxic gases monitors, continuedcontinued

• Gas ChromatographyGas Chromatography

RadiationRadiation

RadiationRadiation

• Radiation detectors Radiation detectors measure alpha, measure alpha, beta, gamma, and beta, gamma, and neutron radiation.neutron radiation.

• Detection of Detection of radiationradiation

can provide you with can provide you with

info on exposure info on exposure rates and doserates and dose

Alpha RadiationAlpha Radiation

• Alpha is positively charged particles Alpha is positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two consisting of two protons and two neutrons. They are very heavy and neutrons. They are very heavy and have low penetrating power.have low penetrating power.

Beta RadiationBeta Radiation

• Beta is produced when an electron is Beta is produced when an electron is emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom, along with an unusual particle called atom, along with an unusual particle called an antineutrino. The neutrino is an almost an antineutrino. The neutrino is an almost massless particle that carries away some of massless particle that carries away some of the energy from the decay process. the energy from the decay process. Because this electron is from the nucleus of Because this electron is from the nucleus of the atom, it is called a beta particle to the atom, it is called a beta particle to distinguish it from the electrons which orbit distinguish it from the electrons which orbit the atom.the atom.

Gamma RadiationGamma Radiation

• Gamma is a ray made up of high Gamma is a ray made up of high energy photons of electromagnetic energy photons of electromagnetic radiation. It has no mass and is radiation. It has no mass and is highly penetrating.highly penetrating.

Radiation, continuedRadiation, continued

• Gamma is a ray made up of high Gamma is a ray made up of high energy photons of electromagnetic energy photons of electromagnetic radiation. It has no mass and is high radiation. It has no mass and is high penetrating.penetrating.

Gas Filled Radiation Gas Filled Radiation DetectorsDetectors• The most common type of instrument is a The most common type of instrument is a

gas filled radiation detector. gas filled radiation detector. • Works on the principle that as radiation Works on the principle that as radiation

passes through air or a specific gas, passes through air or a specific gas, ionization of the molecules in the air occur. ionization of the molecules in the air occur.

• A high voltage is placed between two areas A high voltage is placed between two areas of the gas filled space, the positive ions will of the gas filled space, the positive ions will be attracted to the negative side of the be attracted to the negative side of the detector (the cathode) and the free electrons detector (the cathode) and the free electrons will travel to the positive side (the anode). will travel to the positive side (the anode).

Gas Filled Radiation Gas Filled Radiation DetectorsDetectors• Charges are collected by the anode and Charges are collected by the anode and

cathode which then form a very small cathode which then form a very small current. This small current is measured current. This small current is measured and displayed as a signal on the meter. and displayed as a signal on the meter.

• The two most common are the ion The two most common are the ion chamber used for measuring large chamber used for measuring large amounts of radiation and the Geiger-amounts of radiation and the Geiger-Muller or GM detector used to measure Muller or GM detector used to measure very small amounts of radiation.very small amounts of radiation.

Scintillation Radiation Scintillation Radiation DetectorDetector• The second most common type of radiation The second most common type of radiation • Uses a special material which glows or Uses a special material which glows or

“scintillates” when radiation interacts with it. “scintillates” when radiation interacts with it. • The most common type of material is a type The most common type of material is a type

of salt called sodium-iodide. of salt called sodium-iodide. • As electron enter the front, they strike a As electron enter the front, they strike a

photocathode which produces more photocathode which produces more electrons. These electrons are multiplied electrons. These electrons are multiplied until they strike an anode at the rear of the until they strike an anode at the rear of the detector which causes an energy pulse. This detector which causes an energy pulse. This pulse is reflected on the meter. pulse is reflected on the meter.

Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous Chemicals

• To identify unknownTo identify unknown

chemicals, the HazCatchemicals, the HazCat

System is an effectiveSystem is an effective

method. It provides method. It provides forfor

immediate on-site ID &immediate on-site ID &

characterization of characterization of

virtually any spilledvirtually any spilled

material.material.

Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous Chemicals

What is it???What is it???

Flammable?Flammable?

Toxic?Toxic?

Corrosive?Corrosive?

Reactive?Reactive?

The different brands of The different brands of monitors and detectors that monitors and detectors that BFD uses are:BFD uses are:•Industrial Scientific CMX 271Industrial Scientific CMX 271

•Industrial Scientific TMX 412Industrial Scientific TMX 412

•BW DefenderBW Defender

•Ludlum Radiological Ludlum Radiological Response KitResponse Kit

•HazTech HazCat KitHazTech HazCat Kit

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the Industrial Scientific CMX the Industrial Scientific CMX

271271• Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications

– Sensor typesSensor types•CO – electrochemicalCO – electrochemical

•LEL – catalytic, diffusion typeLEL – catalytic, diffusion type

•OO22 – electrochemical – electrochemical

– Battery life is 10 hours on full chargeBattery life is 10 hours on full charge– Temperature range is -15Temperature range is -15ooC to +40C to +40ooCC– Humidity range is 0-95% RHHumidity range is 0-95% RH

CMX 271 TechSpecsCMX 271 TechSpecs

• Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications– Measuring rangeMeasuring range

• CO – 0 to 1999 PPMCO – 0 to 1999 PPM

• LEL – 0 to 99% LELLEL – 0 to 99% LEL

• OO22 – 0 to 30% vol – 0 to 30% vol

– AccuracyAccuracy• CO - +/- 5% of reading for 0 to 300 ppm; +/- 7.5% of CO - +/- 5% of reading for 0 to 300 ppm; +/- 7.5% of

reading for 300 to 1999 ppmreading for 300 to 1999 ppm

• LEL – +/- 3% LEL for 0 to 30%; +/- 7.5% for 30 to 99%LEL – +/- 3% LEL for 0 to 30%; +/- 7.5% for 30 to 99%

• OO22 - +/- 0.5% O - +/- 0.5% O2 2 for 10 to 30%; +/- 0.75% for 0 – 10%for 10 to 30%; +/- 0.75% for 0 – 10%

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the Industrial Scientific TMX the Industrial Scientific TMX

412412Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications

– Sensor typesSensor types•CO – electrochemicalCO – electrochemical•LEL – catalytic, diffusion typeLEL – catalytic, diffusion type•OO22 – electrochemical – electrochemical

•HH22S – electrochemicalS – electrochemical

– Battery life is 10 hours on full chargeBattery life is 10 hours on full charge– Temperature range is -4Temperature range is -4ooF to +122F to +122ooFF– Humidity range is 0-99% RHHumidity range is 0-99% RH

TMX 471 TechSpecsTMX 471 TechSpecs

• Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications– Measuring rangeMeasuring range

•CO – 0 to 999 PPMCO – 0 to 999 PPM

•LEL – 0 to 100% LELLEL – 0 to 100% LEL

•OO22 – 0 to 30% vol – 0 to 30% vol

•HH22S – 0-999 PPMS – 0-999 PPM

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the Industrial Scientific the Industrial Scientific

CMX 271 and the TMX 412CMX 271 and the TMX 412

•Turning the unit onTurning the unit on

•Testing the sampling pumpTesting the sampling pump

•Calibrating the unitCalibrating the unit

•Turning the unit offTurning the unit off

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the BW Defenderthe BW Defender

Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications– Sensor typesSensor types

•CO – electrochemicalCO – electrochemical

•LEL – catalytic, diffusion typeLEL – catalytic, diffusion type

•OO22 – electrochemical – electrochemical

– Battery life is 12 hours on full chargeBattery life is 12 hours on full charge– Temperature range is -20Temperature range is -20ooC to +50C to +50ooCC– Humidity range is 5-95% RHHumidity range is 5-95% RH

BW Defender TechSpecsBW Defender TechSpecs

• Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications– Measuring rangeMeasuring range

•CO – 0 to 500 PPMCO – 0 to 500 PPM

•LEL – 0 to 100% LELLEL – 0 to 100% LEL

•OO22 – 0 to 30% vol – 0 to 30% vol

•HH22S – 0-100 PPMS – 0-100 PPM

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the BW Defenderthe BW Defender

•Turning the unit onTurning the unit on

•Testing the sampling pumpTesting the sampling pump

•Calibrating the unitCalibrating the unit

•Turning the unit offTurning the unit off

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the Ludlum Radiological the Ludlum Radiological

Response KitResponse Kit

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the Ludlum Radiological the Ludlum Radiological Response KitResponse Kit• DISPLAY RANGE:DISPLAY RANGE: Auto ranging from 0.0 microR/hr - 9999 Auto ranging from 0.0 microR/hr - 9999

R/hr; 0.000 microSv/hr - 9999 Sv/hr; 0 cpm - 999k cpm; or 0 R/hr; 0.000 microSv/hr - 9999 Sv/hr; 0 cpm - 999k cpm; or 0 cps - 100k cpscps - 100k cps

• BATTERY LIFE:BATTERY LIFE: Typically 200 hours with alkaline batteries Typically 200 hours with alkaline batteries ((low battery indicated on displaylow battery indicated on display))

• CONSTRUCTION:CONSTRUCTION: Cast and drawn aluminum with beige Cast and drawn aluminum with beige polyurethane enamel paintpolyurethane enamel paint

• TEMPERATURE RANGE:TEMPERATURE RANGE: -4° F(-20° C) to 122° F(50° C) -4° F(-20° C) to 122° F(50° C) May be certified for operation from -40° F(-40° C) to 150° May be certified for operation from -40° F(-40° C) to 150° F(65° C)F(65° C)

• WEIGHT:WEIGHT: 3.5 lbs (1.6kg) including batteries 3.5 lbs (1.6kg) including batteries

Model 44-9 Pancake G-M Model 44-9 Pancake G-M DetectorDetector

• Used to frisk for alpha-beta-gammaUsed to frisk for alpha-beta-gamma

Model 44-2 Gamma Model 44-2 Gamma ScintillatorScintillator

• High energy gamma detection High energy gamma detection

Model 133-7 Energy Model 133-7 Energy Compensated G-MCompensated G-M

High range gamma measurements High range gamma measurements

Range is 25 mR/hr - 100 R/hr Range is 25 mR/hr - 100 R/hr

Operation and Maintenance of Operation and Maintenance of the Ludlum Radiological the Ludlum Radiological

Response KitResponse Kit•Turning the unit onTurning the unit on

•Calibrating the unitCalibrating the unit

•Turning the unit offTurning the unit off

Orientation to the Orientation to the HazTech Systems HazCat KitHazTech Systems HazCat Kit

•ReagentsReagents

•Associated LabwareAssociated Labware

•Safety concernsSafety concerns– ChemicalsChemicals– Flammable gasFlammable gas

•Classification ProcessClassification Process

Limitations of Detection Limitations of Detection EquipmentEquipment

• Detection equipment is limited in the Detection equipment is limited in the specificity of materials that it detect.specificity of materials that it detect.

• There are numerous environmental There are numerous environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, parameters such as temperature, humidity, et cetera that must exist for the detector to et cetera that must exist for the detector to work properly.work properly.

• The detectors have an inherent error margin.The detectors have an inherent error margin.

• The detector will not work properly if it is not The detector will not work properly if it is not calibrated for the existing conditions.calibrated for the existing conditions.

Any Questions???Any Questions???

Air MonitoringWorksheetStation 2Instructions: Take a reading of the atmosphere at the opening of each can. Record your answers.

SourceCMX 271 TMX 412 BW Defender

Can A

Can B

Can C

Questions:1.Are the readings from all three instruments the same for each can and what do you think is in each can?2.List the possible reasons why the reading might differ.3.Why is 10% of the LEL used as an action level for atmospheric monitoring?

Practical ExercisePractical Exercise

•Station 1 – Calibration stationStation 1 – Calibration station

•Station 2 – Liquid monitoringStation 2 – Liquid monitoring

•Station 3 – Atmospheric Station 3 – Atmospheric monitoringmonitoring

•Station 4 – Gas monitoringStation 4 – Gas monitoring

•Station 5 – Radiological Station 5 – Radiological monitoringmonitoring

Station 1Station 1

• The purpose of this station is to The purpose of this station is to practice calibrating the different practice calibrating the different monitoring instruments before monitoring instruments before usage.usage.

• This will be a group activity!!!This will be a group activity!!!

• Pay attention…you might have to do Pay attention…you might have to do this sometime!!!this sometime!!!

Station 2Station 2

• The purpose of this station is to The purpose of this station is to determine which liquid container is determine which liquid container is producing an explosive or flammable producing an explosive or flammable vapor.vapor.

• DO NOT STICK THE PROBE INTO THE DO NOT STICK THE PROBE INTO THE LIQUID!!! And, yes, IT HAS BEEN DONE LIQUID!!! And, yes, IT HAS BEEN DONE BEFORE $!$!$!BEFORE $!$!$!

• Record your answers on your work sheet.Record your answers on your work sheet.

Station 3Station 3

• The purpose of this station is to The purpose of this station is to determine the effect distance has on determine the effect distance has on an explosive atmosphere.an explosive atmosphere.

• DO NOT STICK THE PROBE IN THE DO NOT STICK THE PROBE IN THE LIQUID!!!LIQUID!!!

• Record your observations on the Record your observations on the work sheet.work sheet.

Station 4Station 4

• The purpose of this station is to The purpose of this station is to determine the concentration of determine the concentration of explosive and/or toxic gases within a explosive and/or toxic gases within a closed environment.closed environment.

• DO NOT INHALE THE GASES IN THE DO NOT INHALE THE GASES IN THE BAGS!!!BAGS!!!

• Record your answers on the work Record your answers on the work sheet.sheet.

Station 5Station 5

• The purpose of this station is to The purpose of this station is to determine which material is determine which material is radioactive.radioactive.

• DO NOT GET THE MATERIAL ON DO NOT GET THE MATERIAL ON YOUR HANDS!!! WEAR GLOVES!!!YOUR HANDS!!! WEAR GLOVES!!!

• Record your answers on the work Record your answers on the work sheet.sheet.