Hawaii Utility Integration Efforts

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Transforming Hawaii’s Grid:Integration Planning

University of Hawaii, Seminar November 12, 2009

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Overview

RPS and GHG Policy Drivers What are we working toward? What are our options? Why do we need planning studies? Why now?

Transformational Change Areas Tools – Data, Models & Equipment Application/Programs – H.U.I., BESS, DREEM,

Inter-island Wind Processes – Standards, CESP, Cost Recovery

Status & Summary Q&A

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Time Period (Month, Year)

Res

iden

tial

Bil

l @

600

kW

h C

on

sum

pti

on

Residential Bill @ 600 kWh Consumption

2007 2008 2009

What are we working toward?

Energy price stability Reasonable electricity

price today & tomorrow Long-term price

reduction opportunity

Secure local source of energy

Reduce Green House Gas emissions

Service reliability

$202 Residential Bill

4

HI Energy Mix

Primary resource is imported petroleum from foreign countries

Top 10 generation plants are petroleum, coal, and waste resources

No interconnections between islands; No high voltage or DC transmission

* Source: HECO website 2008

Hawaii

Oil76.5%

Wind2.3% Hydro

0.4%

Geothermal2.2%

Biomass (MSW)4.0%

Biofuel0.1%

Coal14.5%

5

What are our Options?

Approach ResultsStatus Quo Will not meet 2015 and

beyond RPS targets

DSM/Energy Efficiency Positive progress but not alone sufficient to meet 2015 and beyond RPS targets

Maximize Renewables on-island

Positive progress but unlikely to meet 2015 and beyond RPS targets

Inter-island cable integrating multi-island resources & load

Transformational progress toward achieving 2015 and future targets

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Kauai

Oahu

Molokai

Lanai

Maui

Hawaii

Recognizing Hawaii’s Wealth of Renewable Potential

Solar

Wind Geothermal

Pumped Storage

MSW

Biomass/Biofuel

OTEC/Wave

DSM/Energy Efficiency

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Renewable Energy Resource Options for Oahu

Solar Biomass DSM/Energy

Efficiency Geothermal OTEC Wind Wave Biofuel Refuse Hydrogen

are a commercially available technology?

are available within a 5-year horizon?

are available on a large-scale?

have no fuel cost?

There is NO silver-bullet.In the long-run, portfolio of resources will play a role in our energy future. However, which resources…

Timing, incentives and technology maturity matters

8

Renewable Energy Resource Opportunities for Oahu Today

Wind Solar

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Renewable Game Plan for Hawaii

The load is on Oahu, but the renewable resource is limited. The neighbor islands have abundant renewable resources, but limited load.

Fundamental change in Planning Perspective• Clean Energy Scenario Planning (CESP) is the new

planning process driving change above the status quo

• Stimulus activities paving the way Ultimately, may need to explore

opportunities, such as cabling the islands together• Maximize benefits for all islands• Minimize impact of integrating wind (i.e. cost, risk)

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Why Conduct Planning Studies?

Minimize risks by ensuring operational fit Investigate via detailed modeling studies the

means to integrate high-penetration wind and solar resources

Collect and assess renewable performance data to inform mitigation strategies

Determine technologies and new system architecture for enhancing accommodation of variable renewable resources

Stage 1A

Stage 1B

Stage 2

Possible PV Resources

Possible Wind ResourcesPossible Wind Resources

100 MW of on-island and400 MW of neighbor-island

wind resources via submarine cables and new infrastructure

“BIG Wind” is a vital component to achieving RPS

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Impacts in Perspective

The HELCO and MECO grids already have some of the highest penetration of wind energy in the world.

**If the HECO system had 500 MW of wind power, the penetration level would be roughly 78% = (500 MW Wind /(635 MW load)

Power System Region

Max Wind Power/ Min Load + Export

Capacity (MW)

West Denmark 58%

Schleswig Holstein

(Germany) 44%

Gotland (Sweden) 40%

Ireland 38%

MECO 38%

HELCO 39%

(HECO**) 78%

* source of data for regions other than HECO, HELCO and MECO, from "Wind Power Integration in EirGrid

Operating Experience", Jody Dillon, Renewables Integration Group, presented at the UWIG conference in

Fort Worth, Texas April 2008.

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Why Now?

Federal Support / Incentives DOE Stimulus funding &

technical resources TRC review & input Technology transfer Tax credits

State Energy Policy RPS & GHG Energy Security &

Independence Fossil Fuel Costs

Technology Advancements WTG Storage Cables Power Electronics Sensors/Controls

Incentives

Policy Technology

Momentum to achieve RPS &

Sustainability Goals

Motivation – What we NEED!!!

Reliably and sustainably accommodate and assess amount of renewable utilization

Tools to manage intermittent or variable resources (visibility, communication, controls)

Working knowledge-base of the performance characteristics of new system resources like wind & solar

Demonstrated integration tools such as more accurate and targeted modeling/forecasting for utility utilization

We are in an exciting era of change for the electric power industry, an industry that has remained relatively stable and unchanged for the past 30-40 years .

Activities

Transformational Changes New Tools – Data, Models & Equipment New Application/Programs – H.U.I., DREEM,

BESS, Inter-island Wind (“BIG Wind”) New Processes – Reliability Standards, CESP,

Cost Recovery Mechanisms

Collaborations Partnerships in education: sustainable pipeline

of informed workforce Partnerships with industry: build-up and apply

Hawaii-based technology and ingenuity

Communication/Education Internal & External, at all levels (even K-12)

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Tools: New Hi-Res Data, Remote Sensing, 4-D Space Responds to needs to acquire

accurate, upper atmospheric wind data within the operating regime of current wind turbine technologies

Enables wind data to be remotely measured at integration elevations (50m to 1000m) and at strategic inflow/outflow locations

Reduces integration & development risk at new sites with wind data measurements

Provides much needed volume space of data (3-D DOF) correlated with time (1 DOF) or 4-D Space for development of utility responsive forecasts

Build on data collection campaigns to improve models & techniques

Ex. SODAR unit in the field

Similar Monitoring Efforts in CA

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Ex: Wind & Solar Data & EquipmentUtility Efforts with Industry & Labs

Develop high resolution wind and solar time series data for Modeling & Scenario Analysis

Deployment of data monitoring equipment to improve current knowledge of system (wind, solar, distribution-level data)

Support analysis, quality assurance and validation of resources modeled with observed data

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1. Meteorology – Seasonal Variations

2. Geographic location

3. Topology &

4. Data resolution

Account for New Development & Variability of Resources

Annual Averaged map

Some Applications/Programs

ARRA Stimulus Hawaii Utility Integration Initiatives

(H.U.I) - funded Hawaii Battery Energy Storage Strategy

for Renewables Demonstration Project (Hawaii BESS4Renewables) – applied

Hawaii Smart Distributed Resources and Efficient Energy Management Demonstration Project (Hawaii Smart DREEM) – applied

Inter-Island Wind

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Hawaii Utility Integration (H.U.I.) Initiatives - $750k

Initiative 1: WindNET Sensor Development & Pilot Field Campaign – Objectives are to investigate, test and deploy pilot sensor (i.e. sodar, lidar, doppler) units to address in-the-field logistics of operating, tuning, integrating and maintaining a more permanent WindNET.

Initiative 2: “Smart-Grid Prep” Enhancements – Objectives focus on extracting additional real-time phasor data from existing electronic relays to improve system operator’s awareness of potential stability issues resulting from the system dynamics or wind-induced variability issues – HELCO focused

Initiative 3: Green Smart Grid (GSG) Framework – Objectives include identifying grid automation or enhancement options to resolve existing system challenges and developing a GSG framework to address anticipated system change impacts with increasing renewables and variable distributed generation.

H.U.I. Collaborations with WindSENSE in California and Oregon Efforts

Operationalize wind forecasting in the control room

Provide tools for visualization and decision making

Utilize modeling and in situ data to inform monitoring parameters

Enhance with observationally targeted monitoring locations

In situ weather monitoring locations

S – Secondary wind direction during Santa Anas

• Primary In-flow corridor to the Tehachapi Pass, CAPrimary In-flow corridor to the Tehachapi Pass, CA

• Observational Targeting- Evaluating sites for Observational Targeting- Evaluating sites for strategic sensor to monitor horizontal & vertical datastrategic sensor to monitor horizontal & vertical data

Complex inland & marine-layer Complex inland & marine-layer interaction require higher interaction require higher

resolution vertical profile dataresolution vertical profile data

Identifying new monitoring Identifying new monitoring locations for remote locations for remote

sensors in addition to sensors in addition to existing towersexisting towers

Monitor 2

Optimal distance between monitoring

locations

Must Link and be of Value to System Operations

Decisions are based on a set of conditions

Wind adds additional variability to the set of conditions used in informing decisions

Decision makers (i.e. operators) need “a read” on the system prevailing conditions and come to a clear and worthwhile picture for action

Need appropriate information & tools

Set of Conditions

ON

OFF

Decision Response M A Y B E

Goal: Wind SENSE Capability for Control Rooms & Operations

Nutshell: Early

Warning System vs a Crystal Ball

Provide information to increase User Confidence & Awareness for resource utilization

* Teaming with CA, OR, Canada

60mi

32mi

Show Me the Wind

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Inter-island Wind Components & Issues

Inter-island Wind

Wind Plant Development &

Performance=

Required wind plant forecasting and performance characteristics

Resource intermittency mitigation and management (e.g. energy storage requirements)

Adequate capacity factor yielding commercially reasonable pricing

Community acceptance of large wind plants

Wind Plant Issues

Undersea Cable Intertie

+

Sizing and selection (AC, DC) Cable system reliability and

configuration (e.g. mono-pole, bi-pole, spare cable, etc.)

Landing sites and footprint for converter station and supporting equipment

Ocean permitting and environmental issues

O&M responsibilities and operating agreement

Cable Issues

Oahu Integration & Infrastructure

+

Oahu Issues Maintain 60Hz frequency and

system stability Maintain adequate operating

reserves in response to wind Improve generator response Enhance system controls and

automated features Maintain reliable operations via

PPA commitments Community acceptance of new

T&D infrastructure

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Cable System is Technically Feasible

Capacity

Distance

Depth

330 MW 1320 MW

400 MW 800 MW

4 Miles 360 Miles

40 MilesMolokai

20 Feet 5,200 feet

2,500 feet6,400 feetBig Island

80 MilesLanai

160 MilesBig Island

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HVDC Cable Analysis/Configuration

Investigate detailed cable configuration and cost options

Modeling technical transfer capability and losses Determine reliability and contingencies Conduct economic trade-off analysis Refine price quotes and cost options

70 mi

40 mi

50 mi70 mi

40 mi

50 mi

Note: Schematics & Graphics for Illustrative Purposes Only

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Timeline for Planning Resources

Project Design & Development (Financing)

Transmission Development Environmental (EIS) permitting &

Community Interaction Planning now to meet 2015, 2020 and

2030 RPS requirements

Illustrative Timeline for a Utility-Scale Renewable Project (Wind or Solar)

Year 3

Complete

Year 4 Year 5Year 1 Year 2

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Investigating Routing OptionsUSDOE/DBEDT/Univ of Hawaii – SOEST

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OWITS – Oahu Wind Integration & Transmission Studies

TCRPS – Transmission/ Cable Routing & Permitting Studies

Stage 1A: Oahu System Studies to Understand Impacts & Determine Feasibility

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Phase I – System Model Development Flowchart

Source: GE Phase I

GE Phase I

Model

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Accounting for Output Profiles for Different Generators

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

15:5

6:01

15:5

7:25

15:5

8:50

16:0

0:19

16:0

3:17

16:0

4:49

16:0

7:40

16:0

9:13

16:1

0:35

16:1

2:00

16:1

3:33

16:1

4:58

16:1

6:30

16:1

7:51

16:1

9:16

16:2

0:48

16:2

2:17

16:2

3:46

16:2

5:07

16:2

6:31

16:2

7:54

Pow

er (

MW

)

Time

Peaker Base Generation Intermittent (Wind)

Typical Output Profile for Different Generators

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New Intra-hour Modeling Tools for System Planning

Led to new Intra-hour modeling tools created to bridge traditional Production Simulation and Dynamic Simulation to account for impact of Variable Wind and Solar resources

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Oahu Wind Integration Study - Phase II Scenario Development (2014) & Mitigation Analysis

LanaiWind

MolokaiWind

OahuWind

Solar PV

--400MW100MWScenario # 3

-200MW-100MWScenario # 2

200MW

-

-

Molokai

SolarWindScenario

100MW

-

100MW

Oahu

200MW

-

-

Lanai

100MWScenario # 5

100MWScenario # 4

-Scenario # 1

Oahu

--400MW100MWScenario # 3

-200MW-100MWScenario # 2

200MW

-

-

Molokai

SolarWindScenario

100MW

-

100MW

Oahu

200MW

-

-

Lanai

100MWScenario # 5

100MWScenario # 4

-Scenario # 1

Oahu

• The solar component consists of a 60MW centralized plant, 20MW centralized plant, 5MW, centralized plant, and 15MW aggregation of distributed PV to provided to GE by HECO.>5MW utility scale PV

<5MW industrial/residential PV

50MW each wind

>5MW utility scale PV

<5MW industrial/residential PV

50MW each wind

Model a 20 MW PV facility

Model a 60 MW PV facility

Model large5 MW PV facility

Model 1-2 MW distributed PV clusters totaling 15 MW

Prelimary Resource Assumptions for Intermittency Impact Analysis

100 MW of Wind Solar component consists of

60 MW centralized plant 20 MW centralized plant 5 MW centralized plant 15 MW of distributed PV

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Consideration of Mitigation Options

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OWITS – Oahu Wind Integration & Transmission Studies

TCRPS – Transmission/ Cable Routing & Permitting Studies

Model Development

System Conditions & Performance Characterization Studies

Scenario AnalysisUsing Model

Transmission Routing & Permitting

27%

Follow-on Implementation Tasks

TC

RP

SO

WIT

SFigure 1. BIG WIND STUDIES – STAGE 1A Oahu/Molokai/Lanai

Scenario Development & Analysis

8%

GE PHASE 2

Electrical System Model Development & Validation

GE PHASE 1

11%

Environmental & Fuel Resource

1.4%

Generator Unit Response Enhancements

19%

Steam Unit Cycling Capability

14%

System Operations & Controls

3%

Transmission & System Integration

16%

Model Development




27%


TC

RP

SO

WIT



8%

GE PHASE 2


GE PHASE 1

11%


1.4%


19%


14%


3%


16%

Model Development




27%


27%


TC

RP

SO

WIT



8%

GE PHASE 2


8%

GE PHASE 2


GE PHASE 1

11%


GE PHASE 1

11%


1.4%


1.4%


19%


19%


14%


14%


3%


3%


16%


16%

Stage 1A: System Studies to Understand Impacts & Determine Feasibility

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Ages of Generating UnitsAges of Generating Units

Unit Capability TypeOperating

ModeService

Date Age

Honolulu 8 56 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1954 55Honolulu 9 57 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1957 52Waiau 3 49 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1947 62Waiau 4 49 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1950 59Waiau 5 57 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1959 50Waiau 6 56 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1961 48Waiau 7 92 Steam, Reheat Base 1966 43Waiau 8 94 Steam, Reheat Base 1968 41Waiau 9 53 Combustion Turbine Peaking 1973 36Waiau 10 54 Combustion Turbine Peaking 1973 36Kahe 1 92 Steam, Reheat Base 1963 46Kahe 2 89 Steam, Reheat Base 1964 45Kahe 3 92 Steam, Reheat Base 1970 39Kahe 4 93 Steam, Reheat Base 1972 37Kahe 5 142 Steam, Reheat Base 1974 35Kahe 6 142 Steam, Reheat Base 1981 28

HPOWER 46 Steam, Non-Reheat Base 1990 19Kalaeloa 208 Combined Cycle Base 1991 18AES 180 Steam, Reheat Base 1992 17

Major Independent Power Producers

HECO Generating Units

Average age of HECO Base Load Steam Units 39.3 Years

Average age of HECO Cycling Steam Units 54.3 Years

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Dynamic Response Study

Improving the dynamic responses of generating units on the HECO grid will facilitate the interconnection of greater amounts of variable generation with reduced amounts of other technologies to mitigate adverse operational impacts.

PREMISE

System Load/Frequency Response to Trip

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Goal is to Achieve Coordinated Control Response from all Units within Limit as a Team

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Model Development




27%


TC

RP

SO

WIT

S

Figure 1. BIG WIND STUDIES – STAGE 1A Oahu/Molokai/Lanai


8%

GE PHASE 2


GE PHASE 1

11%


1.4%


19%


14%


3%


16%

Model Development




27%


TC

RP

SO

WIT

S



8%

GE PHASE 2


GE PHASE 1

11%


1.4%


19%


14%


3%


16%

Model Development




27%


27%


TC

RP

SO

WIT

S



8%

GE PHASE 2


8%

GE PHASE 2


GE PHASE 1

11%


GE PHASE 1

11%


1.4%


1.4%


19%


19%


14%


14%


3%


3%


16%


16%

Stage 1A: System Studies to Understand Impacts & Determine Feasibility

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Purpose of TCRPS

Support conceptual transmission planning Provide information for decision-making in HVDC

cable system planning Provide information to identify critical path

permitting & environmental reporting processes In parallel with OWITS to meet RPS goals

Transmission Planning

requirements

General transmission

corridors identified

Identify Project

Boundaries

Select HVDC landing sites & corridors

for study

Conduct technical studies

Reconcile technical & permitting

requirements

Conduct Due Diligence Studies

Consult with Permitting Agencies

Permitting & EIS

ProcessesNot part of PUC Docket No. 2009-0162

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Undersea Cable Federal Permits - NEPA

State Permits – Chap. 343

Oahu Infrastructure State/County Permits – Chap. 343

Wind Farms Permits – EIS Processes

Permit Strategy & Considerations

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Extruded Dielectric Cable Systems

1 - Conductor1 - Conductor2 - Inner Semi-Conductive Shield2 - Inner Semi-Conductive Shield3 - Extruded Solid Dielectric Insulation3 - Extruded Solid Dielectric Insulation4 - Outer Semi-Conductive Shield4 - Outer Semi-Conductive Shield5 - Semi-Conductive Swelling/Bedding Tapes5 - Semi-Conductive Swelling/Bedding Tapes6 - Concentric Copper Wire Metallic Shield6 - Concentric Copper Wire Metallic Shield7 - Semi-Conductive Swelling/Bedding Tapes7 - Semi-Conductive Swelling/Bedding Tapes8 - Moisture Barrier/Sheath8 - Moisture Barrier/Sheath9 - Protective Jacket9 - Protective Jacket

Typical Extruded Typical Extruded Dielectric Cable Dielectric Cable Cross-SectionCross-Section

Source: Power EngineersSource: Power Engineers

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Transmission Line Construction Methods

Typical trench Typical trench excavation & excavation & duct bank duct bank installationinstallation

Typical horizontalTypical horizontal directional drilling set updirectional drilling set up

Typical manhole Typical manhole installationinstallation

Typical cable Typical cable pulling set uppulling set up

Source: Power EngineersSource: Power Engineers

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Viability of Projects – Cost Analysis

How much will all this renewables costs?

Is Smart Grid the future and what will Hawaii’s Smart Grid look like?

Will this ensure reliability? What are the risks?

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Summary

Adopting new tools & processes Application

H.U.I. – Involved in site reviews and awaiting funds to be allocated by DOE

DREEM & BESS – Awaiting announcement of award

Inter-island Wind - Early Stages Leveraging Resources from all

funding sources Building Relationships at All levels

via Communication

Some References

Areas of Active Research Other Utility Wind Research and Wind Ramp Tool Development Activities

1. http://powwow.risoe.dk/publ/JPease_(BPA)-BPAWindRampEventTrackingSystem_BestPracticeSTP-3_2009.pdf

2. http://cwec.ucdavis.edu/forum2003/proceedings/HawkinsD_CWEC2003.pdf

Industry Presentations of Needs1. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/research/events/seas/Jan2009/Bailey_NREL-NCAR-

NOAA-SeminaronWindMeasurements-Jan09.pdf2. http://www.uwig.org/PHXForecastingworkshopagenda.pdf

WindSENSE Efforts in California1. http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/business/innovation/docs/2008/BPA_California

%20ISO%20LLNL.pdf2. https://str.llnl.gov/Mar09/yennakafuji.html

National Focus & Programs1. http://www.er.doe.gov/ASCR/ProgramDocuments/Docs/

CRNAREWorkshopReport.pdf2. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/

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Mahalo

Questions/Comments??

For More Information:

Dora Nakafuji

Director, Renewable Energy Planning

Hawaiian Electric Company

[email protected]

Hawaii Utility Integration Efforts

Education

mw wind

island wind resources

abundant renewable resources

mw of wind power

energy future

highpenetration wind

renewable performance

new infrastructurebig