Having a Cherry Blossom Shower in the National Parknp.cpami.gov.tw/filesys/file/english/npquarterly/200803_02.pdf ·...

在國家公園感受櫻花雨

撰文 Text ／桂竹君 Chu-chung Kuei 資料提供 Provided ／ 陽明山國家公園管理處保育研究課 蕭淑碧

Shu-bih Hsiao, Conservation & Research of YMSNP圖片提供 Photo provided ／ 陽管處 YMSNP．何昌穎 Chang-ying He．

楊文章 Wen-jheng Yang．河馬 He-Ma翻譯 Translator ／張詩白 James Jhang

陽管處護櫻有一套

Having aCherry Blossom Shower in the National ParkYMSNP's Expert Cherry Blossom Care

陽明山國家公園因受緯度及海拔之影響，氣候分屬亞熱帶氣候區

與暖溫帶氣候區，且季風型氣候極為明顯。在冬季的綿綿細雨

濕冷天氣之後，喚醒民眾心靈的第一場大自然饗宴正悄悄的準備著，

陽明山國家公園的花季帶來春天的繽紛與熱鬧，陽明山花季時期繁花

盛開，茶花、櫻花、杜鵑花、桃花分別依序綻放，近年來最負盛名的

櫻花，更是吸引遊客們興高采烈爭相拍照的明星寵兒。

Due to its latitude and elevation, Yangmingshan National Park has areas of the subtropical climate, the warm temperature climate, and

a significant monsoon climate. After the rainy and cold winter, the first refreshing feast from nature is about to be ready. The exciting and delightful flowering season in YMSNP in the spring time features camellias, cherry blossoms, rhododendrons, and peach blossoms; cherry blossoms that have received much fame is this year's main attraction.

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遠眺大屯山及春櫻／楊文章攝／楊文章攝楊文章攝Look Mt. Tatun from a distance and the spring

cherry blossoms ／ by Wen-jheng Yang

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櫻花的盛宴

對於櫻花，絕大多數的民眾都是停留在日本國花以及

傳統櫻花圖案的5瓣式淡粉色系的櫻花，然而來到陽明

山賞櫻時才驚覺，眼前的櫻花有的色彩鮮豔桃紅，有的

花瓣層層疊疊，這些櫻花怎麼都跟腦海中所浮現的既定

印象不一樣。

陽管處保育課蕭淑碧說，櫻花屬薔薇科落葉中喬木，

櫻花品種的認定是以：葉形、花瓣數、花莖、花萼、花

蕊、花色…等等去判別，並分成單瓣、重瓣2種，在櫻

花的品種目前有登錄的約200多種，而陽明山的櫻花就

有緋寒櫻、關山櫻、八重櫻、大島櫻、吉野櫻等各式不

同品種。而近20年來，曾經有獅子會、扶輪社及日本團

體贈送櫻花給陽明山國家公園，所以目前園區內的櫻花

數多達兩千多株。

台灣地處亞熱帶，對櫻花來說是高溫的地區，所以在

台灣生長的櫻花，大都是比較能耐高溫的品種，其中緋

寒櫻為原生種，別名山櫻花，在各種櫻花中是較能耐高

溫的品種，也是台灣分佈最廣的櫻花樹種，陽明山一帶

如紗帽山和竹子湖的沿線就以種植緋寒櫻為主，遊客們

所看到顏色鮮豔緋紅，花形像個小吊鐘，2、3朵成為一

束，隨風舞動後朵朵散落至地面，就是這種台灣的山櫻

（緋寒櫻）。

Cherry Blossom FeastMost people associate cherry blossoms with Japan's

national �ower and the �ve-petal image. Only when coming to YMSNP to look at the cherry blossoms would one realize how the peach-red cherry blossoms with layers of petals are di�erent from the typical image they had in mind.

Shu-bih Hsiao who is a tour guide in YMSNP explained that the cherry tree belongs to the rose family, and the breeds are identified by the shape of the leaf, number of petals, floral axis, calyx, pistil, color of the flower, and whether it's single or double-petaled. There are about 200 breeds of cherry blossoms, and YMSNP has more than 5 breeds. During the past 20 years, organizations such as the Lions Club, the Rotary Club, and certain Japanese groups have also donated cherry trees to YMSNP.

Taiwan is a subtropical country and is a high-temperature place for cherry blossoms, thus the cherry trees in Taiwan are mostly heat tolerant. Among which, Prunus campanulata

（Taiwan Cherry） is unique to Taiwan, more heat tolerant than others, and more common. Such trees can be seen along Sha Mao Shan and Jhuzihu in YMSNP. The crimson cherry blossoms that shape like little bells with two or three �owers in a stem and would fall to the ground because of the wind are Taiwan Cherry trees（Prunus campanulata）.

1 2 1. 晴空襯托著滿樹山櫻花，是攝影師的最愛／陽管處提供／陽管處提供陽管處提供 Photographers love the scene of mountains of cherry blossoms under the blue sky ／Photo provided by YMSNP

2. 春暖，陽明公園遊人如織／河馬攝／河馬攝河馬攝Tourists coming to YMSNP in the warm spring ／ by He-Ma

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美麗的櫻花 ── 辛苦的護育

種植山櫻花需要的環境非常嚴苛，選擇山坡地的時

候要注意許多環節，白天光線要明亮，晚上氣候則需冷

涼，而且櫻花樹雖然非常需要水分卻又必須排水良好，

因為櫻花的根部非常不耐潮濕，排水不良的土質會讓根

部腐爛，所以要排水好又要防止土壤流失，所以花朵之

綻放，其實是包含很多的園丁關心和照顧，最後在自然

的滋養下開花結果。

山櫻花除了對於土壤與排水的挑剔度較高之外，關

於施肥也是很重要的一環，基本上在台灣櫻花最佳施肥

時間在3∼6月左右，因為這時期為櫻花快速成長的時

候，到了7月之後天氣轉熱櫻花樹的成長也轉慢，所以

施肥的時機與用心也會成為影響到整個山櫻花樹成長品

質的重點。

山櫻花的繁殖通常採高接法或播種，種植山櫻花的

時機在冬末春初休眠期結束，山櫻花樹將要萌芽前最

適宜，但不同品種的櫻花樹則會有1∼3個月的時間落

差，雖然有些人認為利用稼接在山櫻基部的方法，較易

存活且生長的比較快，不過有的時候移植完畢的成樹也

會可能因為環境的突然改變，造成適應不良樹體抵抗力

減弱，在短期幾年內漸漸染病死亡。

山櫻花樹照顧的過程有許多要注意的工作，由於山

櫻花樹屬於根系弱的樹種，種植之後一定要確認土壤有

緊實，並且要用枝架固定妥當。因為山上時有陣風和強

風，如果山櫻花樹的根還沒有紮穩就容易被大風吹動造

成根部受傷，很容易變得衰弱，而且因為山櫻花樹復原

的速度非常緩慢，非必要不會進行修剪枝葉的動作，因

為只要樹體一旦有傷口導致抵抗力變弱，就會很容易感

染細菌病毒，對植株來講是很不利的。

所以，想在台灣看到山櫻花開放得如陽明山國家公園

一樣的壯麗，不但樹齡要達到 4、50 年以上，而且除了

陽明山國家公園管理處之外，還要有一批非常細心和辛

苦的工作人員（如陽明山公園管理所員工、及位在山上

的學校及諸多單位），大家同心協力的去照顧及護育整

片的櫻花林，真的是非常困難的大工程。

Beautiful Cherry Trees and Careful Nurturing Not just any environment is ideal for growing Prunus

campanulata. The place must have adequate sunlight at

daytime and be cool or cold at night. Cherry trees require much water but also great drainage since the root is not moisture resistant, and soil with poor drainage would cause the root to rot. Thus, the soil must have good drainage as well as stability. Therefore, thecherry blossoms seen in Yangmingshan is result of the care and effort from many gardeners.

Besides soil and drainage requirements, fertilization is also crucial. The best time for fertilizing is from March to June since this is when cherry trees enjoy fastest growth. The growth rate slows down in July when it gets warmer, thus the timing and skill in fertilizing would also a�ect the quality of cherry blossoms.

Taiwan cherry trees are usually grown by connecting branches or sowing seeds. Tree-planting is done during early spring before cherry trees' germinating season. However, different breeds have time differences（from one to 3 months）. Some believe trees grown by root-connecting live and grow better, but some trees grown with this method may adapt poorly due to environmental changes and die within a few years due to infections.

Many things need to be considered when rearing cherry trees. Since cherry trees have rather weak roots, soil must be hardened after a tree is planted and supporters need to be used. Mountain winds can be sudden and violent, and a cherry tree whose root is not stabilized could be damaged by winds and weaken. Since cherry trees recovery very slowly, trimming is not done unless it's absolutely needed because any wound may lead to infection, which leads to weakened immunity and poor health for a tree.

Therefore, the beautiful view of hundreds and hundreds of blossoming cherry trees in Yangminshan National Park should not be taken for granted. It does not only require the trees to be grown for at least 40-50 years but also YMSNP's management and a team of very hardworking staff（such（suchsuch as YMSNP personnel and schools and other units on the mountain）who work together to take care of the cherry）who work together to take care of the cherrywho work together to take care of the cherry trees. It is certainly not an easy project.

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氣候改變造成的櫻花危機

對許多人而言，每年初春櫻花盛開是值得期待的事，

所以各地區、各品種櫻花的花季時間與觀光旅遊關係密

切，然而近幾年全球氣候異常， 2005年開始就有很多地

方的櫻花綻放時間，與預估有些差距。暖冬時間過長的

效應會造成櫻花開花延後，而過於濕冷又會造成櫻花提

早開花，還來不及觀賞到美麗的櫻花就提早凋謝了。

台灣地區就因氣候異變，打亂櫻花傳宗接代的時序，

嘉義地區本應於2008年3月才要盛開的櫻花，居然提早

於2007年10月開花，許多秋天上山賞芒的登山客，突然

看到白紅粉嫩的櫻花，都莫不感到驚訝。

除了台灣中部地區的櫻花提早開花外，地處北部的

陽明山國家公園，雖然還未面臨櫻花提早開花的特殊景

象，但是蕭淑碧提到，全球的氣候改變導致台灣颱風季

延長，秋颱甚至冬颱時有所聞，加上山區風雨較強，就

會造成櫻花樹的損傷，受風災所損傷的櫻花樹，恢復速

度緩慢，也就讓原本應該在冬末春初開花的花苞變少，

當然等到春天花季時，櫻花盛開的繁茂程度也大大銳

減，這樣的氣候變異對於陽明山國家公園的櫻花護育工

程，也是一項無法預防的災害。

Problems Faced by Cherry Trees due to Climate Changes

To many people, cherry blossom viewing in spring is a grand occasion, and the flowering seasons of different cherry blossoms in di�erent areas are tightly connected with tourism. However, climate changes are pervasive in recent years, and there have been differences between actual and estimated flowering seasons starting 2005. Warm winters often push back the �owering season, and extreme cold and humid weather hastens and shortens the �owering season.

The timing for growing cherry trees' reproduction is being interfered by climate changes. The cherry blossoms in Chiayi that were supposed to flower in March of 2008 actually did so in October of 2007, and many tourists who went to see autumn awns were surprised to see the white or pink cherry blossoms.

Besides the cherry blossoms in central Taiwan that flowered early, Hsiao mentioned that although YMSNP that is located in northern Taiwan has not yet experiencing the same phenomenon, the global weather changes are indeed prolonging Taiwan's typhoon season,making winter and autumn typhoons very common. The more violent mountain climate would also damage cherry trees easily, and these trees that recover slowly would have less buds that should flower in early spring, resulting in a less exuberant cherry blossom �owering. This kind of climate change is a crisis that YMSNP is powerless to deal with.

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嬌美動人的賞櫻祕境

在陽明山花季開始之後，遊客們要留意假日及花季的

交通管制方法上山賞花，賞櫻勝地除了眾所周知的陽明

山花鐘和竹子湖之外，還有許多私人的園林種植櫻花，

甚至有咖啡雅座等等服務，例如從花鐘旁邊往下走，有

一處私人的櫻花林，櫻花步道的景象頗為吸引人。

另外位於陽明山國家公園第一停車場旁，有可以野

餐的櫻花園，遊客可以仿傚日本風味在櫻花園裡席地而

坐，一邊賞著嬌美的櫻花，一邊全家同樂於櫻花樹下，

而陽明山國家公園的第二停車場旁、杜鵑茶花園、陽明

山前山公園、陽明山後山公園、大屯自然公園及竹子湖

往中正山產業道路旁，皆有櫻花可以賞。

除此之外，還有很多道路旁或者是開放式區域，例如

平等里花卉農場、平等國小、平等衛星電台以及山仔后

花卉中心等地區，都是賞櫻遊客可以嘗試去探詢的賞櫻

祕境喔！

A Delightful Utopia for Enjoying Cherry Blossoms

Tourists must follow traffic regulations when they go see cherry blossoms in YMSNP on weekends after the �owering season begins. The great spots for viewing cherry blossoms do not only include YMSNP's flower clock, Jhuzihu, but also coffee houses. There is a privately owned garden of cherry trees along the �ower clock walkway which has cherry trees on both sides.

Close to the First Parking Lot in YMSNP is a lawn that is great for picnic. Like the Japanese, tourists can sit down on the lawn, enjoy the scene of the flowers, and have a picnic together. Beautiful cherry blossoms can also be seen in YMSNP's 2nd parking lot, the Camellia Garden, YMSNP's front and rear parks, Tatun Natural Park, and along the industrial road from Jhuzihu to Zhongzheng Mountain.

Besides the above mentioned places, there are also many roads or open areas such as Pingdeng Flora Farm, Pingdeng Elementary School, Pingdeng Satellite TV Station, and Shang-tsu Flower Center, which are great and unique places for cherry blossom viewing.

1. 鮮豔的山櫻花果實雖可食，但非市售櫻桃／陽管處提供／陽管處提供陽管處提供The beautiful cherries here are edible but are di�erent from what you �nd in supermarkets／ Photo provided by YMSNP

2. 陽明山書屋湖面上的山櫻花面上的山櫻花的山櫻花山櫻花詩情畫意。 ／陽管處提供／陽管處提供陽管處提供Beautiful sight of cherry blossoms in back garden of Yongminshuwu ／ Photo provided by YMSNP

3. 山櫻花綻放枝頭／楊安生攝／楊安生攝楊安生攝Cherry blossoms fowering ／by An-sheng Yang

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