Harman and kiran ghag

A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard . It leads to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability." Thus a natural hazard will not result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The term natural has consequently been disputed because the events simply are not hazards or disasters without human involvement. A concrete example of the division between a natural hazard and a natural disaster is that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a disaster, whereas earthquakes are a hazard. This article gives an introduction to notable natural disasters, refer to the list of natural disasters for a comprehensive listing.

Types of Natural DisastersTypes of Natural Disasters

EarthquakesEarthquakes

Landslide Landslide

FloodsFloods

DroughtDrought

CycloneCyclone

TsunamisTsunamis

An avalanche is a sudden rapid flow of snow down a slope, occurring when either natural triggers, such as loading from new snow or rain, or artificial

triggers, such as explosives or backcountry skiers, punctuate the equilibrium of the snowpack . Typically occurring in mountainous terrain, an avalanche can mix air and water with the descending snow. Powerful avalanches have the

capability to entrain ice, rocks, trees, and other material on the slope. Avalanches are primarily composed of flowing snow, and are distinct from

mudslides, rock slides, and collapses on an icefall. In contrast to other natural events which can cause disasters, avalanches are not rare or random events

and are endemic to any mountain range that accumulates a standing snowpack. In mountainous terrain avalanches are among the most serious

objective hazards to life and property.

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration, shaking and sometimes

displacement of the ground. The vibrations may vary in magnitude. Earthquakes are caused mostly by

slippage within geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine

blasts, and nuclear tests. The underground point of origin of the earthquake is called the focus. The point directly above the focus on the surface is called the

epicenter. Earthquakes by themselves rarely kill people or wildlife. It is usually the secondary events

that they trigger, such as building collapse, fires, tsunamis (seismic sea waves) and volcanoes, that are

actually the human disaster. Many of these could possibly be avoided by better construction, safety systems, early warning and evacuation planning.

Effects of Earthquake Effects of Earthquake

Earthquake brings physical damage to the Earthquake brings physical damage to the place including destruction of building in place including destruction of building in telecommunicationtelecommunicationWater and electric supply.Water and electric supply.Due to loss of houses and distruption of Due to loss of houses and distruption of daily routine, health and hygiene of living daily routine, health and hygiene of living being are also adversely affected. being are also adversely affected.

Causes of EarthquakesCauses of Earthquakes Geologically the earth is made up of 7 long plates. These Geologically the earth is made up of 7 long plates. These

plates are called tectonic plates. These plates move ranging plates are called tectonic plates. These plates move ranging from faint motion to a violent shifting. When there is faint from faint motion to a violent shifting. When there is faint very slow movement of these plates it goes unnoticed.very slow movement of these plates it goes unnoticed.

Earthquake are caused when the tension is released from Earthquake are caused when the tension is released from inside the crust. This happens because plates do not move inside the crust. This happens because plates do not move smoothly sometimes they get stuck. When this happen a smoothly sometimes they get stuck. When this happen a great deal of pressure build up. Eventually this pressure is great deal of pressure build up. Eventually this pressure is released and an earthquake tends to be occur.released and an earthquake tends to be occur.

Volcanoes can cause widespread destruction and consequent disaster through several ways. The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that may cause harm following the explosion of the volcano or the fall of rock.

Second, lava may be produced during the eruption of a volcano. As it leaves the volcano, the lava destroys many buildings and plants it

encounters. Third, volcanic ash generally meaning the cooled ash - may form a cloud, and settle thickly in nearby locations. When mixed with

water this forms a concrete-like material. In sufficient quantity ash may cause roofs to collapse under its weight but even small quantities will

harm humans if inhaled.

A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: , lit. "harbor wave"; is a series of water waves caused by the

displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other

underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calving, meteorite impacts

and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

Effect of TsunamiEffect of Tsunami

Loss of life:-Loss of life:- Tsunami leads to violent Tsunami leads to violent backward flow of water on the coasts. backward flow of water on the coasts. When the wave recede. In this back wash When the wave recede. In this back wash many lives are lost especially people living many lives are lost especially people living in coastal areas.in coastal areas.

Aquatic animal:-Aquatic animal:- Animals living in sea are Animals living in sea are also badly affected.also badly affected.

Effect of TsunamiEffect of Tsunami

Physical damage:-Physical damage:- Thousand Thousand of village get damaged by of village get damaged by the effect of Tsunami wave. the effect of Tsunami wave. Telecommunication lines, Telecommunication lines, water electric wires poles, water electric wires poles, sea resorts, hotels, port sea resorts, hotels, port facilities are destrupted.facilities are destrupted.

Plants:-Plants:- May also get uprooted May also get uprooted due to Tsunami wave.due to Tsunami wave.

Cyclone, tropical cyclone, hurricane, and typhoon are different names for

the same phenomenon a cyclonic storm system that forms over the

oceans. The deadliest hurricane ever was the 1970 Bhola cyclone; the

deadliest Atlantic hurricane was the Great Hurricane of 1780 which

devastated Martinique, St. Eustatius and Barbados. Another notable

hurricane is Hurricane Katrina which devastated the Gulf Coast of the United

States in 2005.

CAUSES OF CYCLONECAUSES OF CYCLONE

Cause :- Cause :- When moisture evaporates from ocean in When moisture evaporates from ocean in hot wheather it goes up condenses andhot wheather it goes up condenses and

From clouds. Air rushes inwards to air From clouds. Air rushes inwards to air

There it forms a swirt circular motion There it forms a swirt circular motion

Around a center.Around a center.

Effect of cycloneEffect of cyclone

Crops:-Crops:- Sometimes cyclone are followed by Sometimes cyclone are followed by terrific wind and rains then it become terrific wind and rains then it become more hazards. Cyclone damage standing more hazards. Cyclone damage standing crops and flood grains.crops and flood grains.

Health:- Health:- Cyclone may bring disease Cyclone may bring disease causing carriers with them which affect causing carriers with them which affect human health negatively.human health negatively.

Drought occurs when rainfall is insufficient to maintain river flow and ground-water levels fall to such an extent that water

becomes unavailable or almost unavailable to support life. The formal definition of

drought varies from area to area.

Effect of DroughtEffect of DroughtDrought do not Drought do not cause any cause any structural damage structural damage but it affect but it affect production of crop, production of crop, fishery production fishery production unemployment, unemployment, loss of biodiversity loss of biodiversity , ground water., ground water.

A tornado is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as a twister or a cyclone,[ although the word cyclone is used in meteorology in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.

A limnic eruption occurs when a gas, usually CO2, suddenly erupts from deep lake water,

posing the threat of suffocating wildlife, livestock and humans. Such an eruption may also cause tsunamis in the lake as the rising

gas displaces water. Scientists believe landslides, volcanic activity, or explosions can trigger such an eruption. To date, only

two limnic eruptions have been observed and recorded:

In 1984, in Cameroon, a limnic eruption in Lake Monoun caused the deaths of 37 nearby

residents.At nearby Lake Nyos in 1986 a much larger

eruption killed between 1,700 and 1,800 people by asphyxiation.

An epidemic is an outbreak of a contractible disease that spreads at a rapid rate through a human population. A pandemic is an epidemic whose spread is global. There have been many epidemics throughout history, such as Black

Death. In epidemiology, an epidemic meaning "people"), occurs when new cases of a certain

disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed

what is expected based on recent experience. Epidemiologists often consider the term

outbreak to be synonymous to epidemic, but the general public typically perceives

outbreaks to be more local and less serious than epidemics.

Blizzards are severe winter storms characterized by low temperature, strong winds, and heavy snow. The difference

between a blizzard and a snow storm is the strength of the wind. To be a considered a

blizzard, the storm must have winds in excess of 35 miles per hour, it should

reduce the visibility to 1/4 miles, and must last for a prolonged period of 3 hours or

more. Ground blizzards require high winds to stir up snow that has already fallen,

rather than fresh snowfall. Blizzards have a negative impact on local economics and

can terminate the visibility in regions where snowfall is rare.

LandslideLandslide

Landslide is Landslide is sliding or sliding or movement of rock movement of rock down slope due down slope due to its own weight. to its own weight. Sliding may occur Sliding may occur gradually or gradually or suddenly without suddenly without warningwarning

Effect of Landslide

Destruction of houses

Loss of human life

FloodInjuriesDistruption of

traffic

Shipping:-Shipping:- Tropical cyclone may Tropical cyclone may to ships, fairies, boats which are to ships, fairies, boats which are

anchored. It may cause an anchored. It may cause an accident also.accident also.

Landslide:-Landslide:- Usually landslide occur due to Usually landslide occur due to high velocity of wind which again brings high velocity of wind which again brings

loss of houses, property and human lives. loss of houses, property and human lives.

A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. The EU Floods directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result

from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries. While the size of a lake or other body of

water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, it is not a significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas

used by man like a village, city or other inhabited area.

Effect of Flood

Disease:- Usually floodwater mixes up with waste. So it cause many types of disease.

Soil erosion:- Many plant are uprooted due to speed and pressure of floodwater. It result in soil erosion.

Loss of lives:- In flood many people and cattle put their life in danger. Sometimes they meet with some injuries also.

Effect of FloodEffect of Flood

Disease:-Disease:- Usually floodwater mixes up Usually floodwater mixes up with waste. So it cause many types of with waste. So it cause many types of disease.disease.

Soil erosion:-Soil erosion:- Many plant are uprooted due Many plant are uprooted due to speed and pressure of floodwater. It to speed and pressure of floodwater. It result in soil erosion.result in soil erosion.

Loss of lives:-Loss of lives:- In flood many people and In flood many people and cattle put their life in danger. Sometimes cattle put their life in danger. Sometimes they meet with some injuries also.they meet with some injuries also.

Conclusion

Though developing countries in region vulnerable to disaster receives many

development initiates and investment the increase and frequency and magnitude of

natural catastrophes associated with economic loss and human suffering have consider only hindered those initiates. It can be seen in the chapter that human development and income level of a country are crucial determinates for deciding upon how to effectively implement

risk management approaches and post disaster management initiates.