Hardware Evolution in the Datacenter Rick Indyke AMD Business Development Mgr.

Hardware Evolution in the DatacenterHardware Evolution in the Datacenter Rick IndykeRick Indyke

AMD Business Development MgrAMD Business Development Mgr

2

IT Market Trends:Evolution of the Data Center

Power and Cooling– High energy costs

– Partially populated racks

– Migration to dense form factors

Compute Density– Weak performance scaling with additional processors

– Low Server utilization / inefficient data center floor space usage

– Grid/distributed computing

Dynamic Datacenters– Provisioning on demand

– Dynamic work load allocation

Management Costs– Increasing percentage of TCO

3

Did you know?

The combined total of data centers in California are estimated to require 250MW – 375MW of energy. That’s equivalent to 3,495 – 5,242 barrels of oil a day!

4

Effects of Power in the Data CenterIt adds up quick!

More High-Voltage switchEquipment Requirements

$$$

More High-Capacity CRAC units (air-conditioners)

$$$

Lower Density/ Unusable Floor Space

$$$

Data Center Expansion$$$

More UPS equipment requirements

$$$

More Back-up Power Generator

Requirements$$$

5

Direct Connect Architecture

Enables better overall system performance because everything is directly connected

Processors

Cache

Integrated Memory Controller

System Request Interface

Crossbar

HyperTransport™ Technology

6

Legacy x86 Architecture• 20-year old front-side bus architecture• CPUs, memory, I/O all share a bus• Traditional front-side bus creates bottleneck

to performance

AMD64 Technology with Direct Connect Architecture

• Industry-standard AMD64 technology• AMD’s revolutionary Direct Connect

Architecture reduces bottlenecks inherent in traditional FSB architectures

• HyperTransport™ technology interconnect for high bandwidth and low latency

Direct Connect Architecture Reduces architectural bottlenecks - 2P system comparison

USBUSB

PCIPCI

8 GB/S

8 GB/S 8 GB/S

I/O HubI/O Hub

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

SRQ

Crossbar

HTMem.Ctrlr

SRQ

Crossbar

HTMem.Ctrlr

I/O HubI/O Hub

CPUCPU CPUCPU

I/O HubI/O Hub

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E BridgePCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

Dual-Core Dual-Core

Memory Controller

Hub

Memory Controller

Hub

CORE CORECORE CORE Dual-CoreDual-Core8 GB/S

7

Legacy x86 Architecture• 20-year old front-side bus architecture• CPUs, memory, I/O all share a bus• Traditional front-side bus creates bottleneck

to performance

AMD64 Technology with Direct Connect Architecture

• Industry-standard AMD64 technology• AMD’s revolutionary Direct Connect

Architecture reduces bottlenecks inherent in traditional FSB architectures

• HyperTransport™ technology interconnectfor high bandwidth and low latency

Direct Connect Architecture Balanced platform bandwidth – 4P system comparison

USBUSB

PCIPCI

8 GB/S

8 GB/S

8 GB/S 8 GB/S

I/O HubI/O Hub

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

SRQ

Crossbar

HTMem.Ctrlr

SRQ

Crossbar

HTMem.Ctrlr

SRQ

Crossbar

HTMem.Ctrlr

SRQ

Crossbar

HTMem.Ctrlr

I/O HubI/O Hub

PCI-E Bridge

PCI-E BridgePCI-E Bridge

PCI-E BridgePCI-E Bridge

PCI-E Bridge

USBUSB

PCIPCII/O HubI/O Hub

Memory Controller

Hub

Memory Controller

Hub

CORE CORE CORE CORECORE CORE CORE CORE

XMBXMBXMBXMB XMBXMB XMBXMB

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Quad-Core AMD Opteron™ Processors

More than just four cores Significant CPU Core Enhancements Significant Cache Enhancements

World-class performance Native Quad-Core

– Faster data sharing between cores Enhanced AMD-V™

– Nested paging acceleration for virtual environments

Reducing total cost of ownership Performance/Watt leadership

– Consistent 95W thermal design point– Low power 68W solutions

Drop-in upgrade– Socket F compatibility – BIOS upgrade– Leverage existing platform infrastructure

Common Core Architecture– One core technology top-to-bottom– Top-to-bottom platform feature consistency

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Native Quad-Core Benefit:Faster Data Sharing

Core 1

L2System Request Queue

Crossbar

Hyper Transport™ Memory Controller

Native Quad-Core AMD Opteron™

L3

Core 2 Core 3 Core 4

1. Core 1 probes Core 3 cache, data is copied directly back to Core 1

100011

L2 L2 L2

Situation: Core 1 needs data in Core 3 cache … How Does it Get There?

1. Core 1 sends a request to the memory controller, which probes Core 3 cache

2. Core 3 sends data back to the memory controller, which forwards it to Core 1

Quad-Core Clovertown

Core 1 Core 2 Core 3 Core 4

L2 L2

Front-Side Bus Front-Side Bus

Memory Controller

Northbridge

100011

Result: Improved Quad-Core Performance

Result: Reduced Quad-Core Performance

This happens at processor frequency This happens at front-side bus frequency

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Barcelona … Not Just Four CoresComprehensive 128-bit SSE Upgrades

Goal: Balanced SSE Execution

Instruction Fetch Bandwidth

Data Cache Bandwidth

L2/NB Bandwidth

64-bitPlatforms

AMDBarcelona

IntelClovertown

1x

1x

1x

1x

1x

1x

2x

2x

2x

2x

2x

2x

• Barcelona doubles Instruction and Data delivery … Intel’s pipeline doesn’t•Helps keep our 128-bit SSE pipeline full for optimal performance

• Dedicated 36-entry floating-point scheduler helps reduce application latency •Intel’s 32-entry scheduler is shared between floating-point and integer operations

• Over 80% performance boost, per core, on target applications!

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190W

35W

180W

266W

190W

22W

22W

22W

83W

83W

35W

290W

83W

Quad-Core

Quad-CoreXeon

‘Dempsey’

Xeon‘Wood-Crest’’

Xeon‘Clover-Town’’

Rev F

Next-Generation Power Comparison

In 2006 Next-Generation AMD Opteron™ Defined

A New Standard In Performance-Per-Watt

With Energy-Efficient DDR2 Memory and Improved

AMD PowerNow!™ Capabilities

In mid-2007 We Plan to Offer Quad-Core AMD Opteron

in the Same DDR2-based Platforms at the Same

Power Efficiency

Wattage based on 2P systems with 8 DIMMs at max CPU wattage; Wattage for ‘Dempsey’, ‘Woodcrest’ and ‘Clovertown’ is estimated based on currently publicly available values (see, eg: http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2006/05/25/intel_clovertown_power_specs/) and is subject to change. The examples contained herein are intended for informational purposes only. Other factors will affect real-world power consumption.

Dual-Core

WattsFrom:

Memory

CPU

Northbridge

12

234 231

141 141

245257

311325

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Intel Xeon 5160 basedsystem (2x3.0GHz, 8x1GB)

Intel Xeon 5150 basedsystem

(2x2.66GHz,8x1GB)

AMD Opteron™ 2218processor-based system

(2x2.6GHz,8x1GB)

AMD Opteron™ 2218 HEprcoessor-based system

(2x2.8GHz,8x1GB)

An Actual View of PowerIdle & Load Measured at the Cord

IDLE

LOAD

80WTDP

65WTDP

95WTDP

AMD measured results show the AMD Opteron™ processor-based system consumes less power even though processor TDP power is higher!

Underlying processor architectures can affect overall platform power consumption

Energy estimates include power input & cooling at 60%, Power Utility cost: $0.10/KW-hr, based on publicly available processor & chipset specifications and AMD internal estimates. The examples contained herein are intended for informational purposes only, actual results will vary. Other factors will affect real-world power consumption and cost. The system load used was a representative build of SPECint_base2000 for that system. Any SPEC performance metrics referenced are estimates.

$456 per/year$227,760 per/year

$360 per/year $180,106 per/year

$436 per/year$217,949 per/year

26%More

21%More

66%More

64%More

AMD PowerNow!™ technology enables lower power consumption during non-peak workloads, up to 75% savings at IDLE.

IDLE

LOAD

IDLE

LOAD

IDLE

LOAD

68WTDP

$343 per/year (1 server)$171,696 per/year (500 servers)

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Improving Processor Power Managementwith Enhanced AMD PowerNow!™ Technology

“GOOD” “GREAT”

IDLE MHz

75%

IDLE MHzCORE 0 CORE 1

35%

IDLE MHz

10%

IDLE MHzCORE 2 CORE 3

1%

IDLE MHz

75%

IDLE MHz

CORE 0 CORE 1

MHz is locked to highest utilized core’s p-state

MHz is independently adjusted separately per core

according to utilization.

‘‘Opteron (Rev F)’Opteron (Rev F)’ ‘‘Barcelona’Barcelona’

Native Quad-Core technology enables enhanced power Native Quad-Core technology enables enhanced power management across all four coresmanagement across all four cores

35%

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AMD Opteron™ ProcessorSummary

Evolving Direct Connect Architecture

– For continued winning in the enterprise

– Torrenza for Application Acceleration

Advancing Performance-per-Watt leadership

– Low-power, high-performing DDR2 memory

– Consistent 95W standard power roadmap

Reducing Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

– One transition to your next stable platform

– Seamless Dual-Core to Quad-Core upgrade in same 95W infrastructure

Extending our Lead in x86 Virtualization

– Founded on Direct Connect Architecture

– AMD Virtualization improves business functionality and flexibility

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The Smarter Choice for IT

x64

AMD64Direct ConnectArchitectureAMD Opteron

AMD Athlon™ 64

Native Dual-CoreAMD Turion™ 64

Performance Per/watt

Virtualization

Native Quad-CoreAccelerated computing

(Torrenza & Stream)

“Trinity”“Raiden”

Integrated Memory

ControllerHT

“Fusion”

In 1999, AMD introduced a long-term solution that customers could grow with.

In 2003, AMD permanently changed the IT landscape with the intro of the AMD Opteron™ processor.

In 2005, AMD showed the industry how to make the transition from single-core to native dual-core.

In 2007, the launch of ‘Barcelona’ will have an even greater impact…

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Disclaimer and Trademark Attribution

DISCLAIMER

The information contained herein is subject to change and may be rendered inaccurate for many reasons, including, but not limited to product and roadmap changes, component and motherboard version changes, new model and/or product releases, product differences between differing manufacturers, software changes, BIOS flashes, firmware upgrades, or the like. AMD assumes no obligation to update or otherwise correct or revise this information. However, AMD reserves the right to revise this information and to make changes from time to time to the content hereof without obligation of AMD to notify any person of such revisions or changes.

AMD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS OR OMISSIONS THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS INFORMATION.

AMD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL AMD BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR FOR THE PERFORMANCE OR OPERATION OF ANY PERSON, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, DAMAGE TO OR DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY, OR LOSS OF PROGRAMS OR OTHER DATA, EVEN IF AMD IS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

© 2006 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, AMD Opteron, and combinations thereof, are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. WebBench and NetBench are trademarks of Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc., an affiliate of Veritest Inc. Other product and company names are for informational purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.