Hardware Components & Communications
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Hardware Components
&Communications
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Motherboard
Different speeds
Different makes
But all do the same, heart of the computer
that link all the components of a computer
together
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CPU
The brain of the main chip on the
motherboard.
Speeds in Ghz and how many bits. E.g 2.66ghz dual core means 2 X 2.66 twice as
fast as a single core.
Different makes and speeds.
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Heat Sink and Fans
Is a block made of heat absorbing metal whichabsorbs the heat made from the CPU andefficiently sends it in another direction stopping
the CPU from over heating. Fans with heat sinksare called active heat sinks,
heat sinks without a fan are called passive heatsinks.
Fans blow the heat in other directions and somefans take the heat completely out of thecomputer.
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A thermal paste is normally attached to the
bottom before connecting with the CPU, this is
added to help absorb the heat from the CPU.
If the CPU is kept cooler it will continue to
work faster.
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RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is a volatile
memory storage bank.
Dynamic RAM: Stores data for less than asecond at a time. (slower)
Static RAM: Stores data for as long as power is
flowing through it. (faster)
Largest memory a board can take is 16gig
depending on the motherboard.
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ROM
Read Only Memory is used to tell the
computer how to boot, data stored here
cannot be modified.
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Cache
Fast static memory, stored data between the
CPU and the main memory.
Modern computers have 2 or 3 layers of cachememory.
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PCI, Expansion Slots and Buses
PCI (Peripheral components interconnect) is abus for inserting different hardware devices toa motherboard.
Sound cards, network adapters etc can beplaced into these.
PCI Express replaced the original PCI slots and
are used for graphic cards. PCI 1 has a speedof 250MB per lane and PCIe 2 ha speeds of 500MB.
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Northbridge Memory
Northbridge memory controls all the data sent
between the CPU, RAM and the AGP (video
card). The northbridge chip contains the
graphics controllers for the computer.
It tells us the number, speed and type of RAM
and CPU that can be used
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Southbridge Memory
Manages the input/output such as IDE, clock,
Usb, power management, storage devices and
many more.
Both the North and Southbridge are designed
to work together.
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IDE
IDE (Integrated drive electronics) the parallel
cables used between the motherboard and
the storage devices. IDE is also called ATA (advanced technology
attachment).
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SATA
Follows on from the parallel cables, Sata is
rounded and can be up to 1 metre long.
Sata transfers information at 300Mbps.
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USB
Universal Serial Bus is a way of connecting a
computer to a device.
Connects printers, phones, MP3 players,keyboards and many more.
USB is generally plug and play and speeds vary
depending on USB 1/2/3.
USB 1 12 Mbs, USB 2 480Mbps, USB 3
due for release 4.8Gbs.
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Sound
Onboard sound is a sound card already built
into the motherboard.
Not all motherboards have onboard.
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Front Side Bus
Frontside bus carries data to the Northbridge
chip via the CPU.
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Address Bus
Is the bus that sends the address of data
between the CPU and the RAM.
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BIOS
Basic Input and Output System is the first code
read by the computer when you switch it on.
It detects, tests and starts the computerhardware.
BIOS is stored on the motherboard chipset.
It can be flashed and updated to supportnewer hardware.
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CMOS RAM
CMOS RAM is the memory for the BIOS, it acts
the same way as normal ram does but only for
the BIOS settings.
It is controlled by the small battery.
The battery also controls the clock on the
computer even if it is turned off.
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Graphics Card
Are used to create images to the
screen/monitor.
They come in different sizes and have differentfeatures.
Graphics cards have there own CPU called
(GPU) Graphic processing unit, some are much
more powerful than the main CPU on the
system and have their own memory as well.