Hardware Basics Professor Pepper. Major Objectives §Microprocessor §RAM §ROM BIOS §Motherboard §Storage (CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip, Jump, Tape)

Hardware BasicsProfessor Pepper

Major Objectives

MicroprocessorRAMROM BIOSMotherboardStorage (CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip,

Jump, Tape)Expansion slots and portsMonitor

Computer Desktop Shopping

Dell website

Comp USA

Buy.com

Microprocessor theory Clock time (x mhz, x ghz) Word size (x bit) Cache (l1 in chip; l2 close; l3 less close) Instruction set (categories:CISC, RISC; architectures:

IA64,IA-32) Hyper-threading Many processors inside one processor Many separate processors on one board Manufacturer See moodle’s useful sites – hardware for updates

Microprocessors on the market Intel

i-3, i-5, i-7 Intel Core2 Duo; Extreme; Quad Pentium dual-core; Pentium 1- 4; Pentium M: laptop Celeron : budget

AMD Athlon II X4 Phenom; Turion; Opteron : current Athlon X64 ; old premier Duron, Sempron : old budget

Transmeta Crusoe – tablet

Motorola Power PC – MAC no longer used in mac since OS 10.7

Microprocessor high needs

3-D animated computer gamesDesktop publishingVideo editing

Upgrading later is usually not cost-effective

RAM

Random Access MemoryLose it when computer offLike your head’s short term memoryMain measurement is size (Gb, Mb)More than cache, much less than hard driveSpeed (Mhz)Has a type: RDRAM; SDRAM; DDRRAMExpandable limits

ROM BIOS & CMOS

ROM BIOS Read only memory to start up your system No relation to CD-ROM

CMOS Basic hardware path settings Programmable Very low battery needed

Neither usually effect your purchase

Motherboard

Traffic copEverything connects to itHard disk to RAM to CPU via busMotherboard chipset moves data faster800 MHZ bus last year to

Storage Introduction

CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip, Tape, flash drive

Media – holds the data Device - writes and reads the data

• Need drive bays

• Need expansion slots Measures

• Versatility of drive

• Durability

• Speed

• Capacity

DevicesDevice Size Comments

Floppy 1.4 MB Easily damaged;

Zip 750 MB Special drives

CD 680 MB

DVD 8.5 GB 4.7 single layer

Blu-Ray 50GB 100GB in prototype

HD-DVD 30GB 45 GB prototype

Hard disk 80 GB++ Not very portable; quick access; possible crash

Tape 200 GB++ Slow to read; quick to write; sequential

Hard disk - Magnetic

Notebook – Space Controller

Serial ATA Ultra ATA – 2 x EIDE (UDMA data transfer) EIDE - old SCSI – fast, but expensive

MemorySudden Death – backupSpeed (RPM) vs Access Time (MS)GOOD MOVIE or Hard Disk to RAM

CD / DVD - OpticalAccess speed – 2x, 24x or kb/secCD-ROM (read only) – just readCD-R(ecordable) – write once ;read by allCD-RW (read /write) – write a lot; read by fewSame for DVD, but it has +/- formats

DVD-RAM : video editingBlu-Ray (Sony, Samsung, Sharp, Thomson,

Hitachi, Matsushita, Pioneer and Philips, Mistubishi and LG Electronics ; supported by Warner Bros.)*

HD-DVD (AOD) (Toshiba and NEC; supported by Paramount and Universal ) *

* Blue Violet Rays insteadof RedLINK TO INFO ON HD-DVD

Solid State StorageUSB Flash Card Key chain 32 – 512 mb

Compact Flash Card

Camera 8 mb – 1 gb

Multi-media cards Digital camera 32-256 mb

Secure Digital card Mp3 player 32-16 mb

Smart Media (no controller needed, but not

durable)

32-128 mb

Pointing Devices

Track padTrack ballMousePointing stick (the red knob on a laptop)

Expansion Slots

ISA – old / modemsPCI –graphics, sound, video, modem, NICACP – graphicsPCMCIA – laptop

Type I – memory Type II – modem, sound, nic Type III – hard drive or two of the other

Expansion Ports

Device plug Often on expansion card (in expansion slot)Types

Serial – mouse or modem Parallel – printer; external drive USB – lots SCSI – disk drive; cd rom; scanner; tape backup IEEE (firewire) – video camera; DVD player VGA - monitor

Monitors

Graphics card to give a boostCRT (large, all angles, smaller screen, cheaper) /

LCD (small, full screen) / Plasma (expensive)Resolution – dp (dot pitch –smaller is better)Viewable image sizeColor depth or bit depth (true color is 24)Graphics card

Terminology

www.webopedia.comwww.hyperdictionary.comMany others

Diagram

Computer Desktop Shopping

Dell websiteComp USABuy.comPC purchase exerciseTextbook purchase exercise