hardware and software concepts

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Management Information Systemsby Sahil Raj

Copyright2013DorlingKindersley(India)Pvt.Ltd.

Chapter 6

Hardware and SoftwareConcepts RegardingInformation Systems


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After going through this chapter, you should be able to

understand:

Importance of computer.

Various computer generations. In depth knowledge of the various subparts of computer.

Various input and output devices.

Application of operating system.

Need for programming languages.

Introduction


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The computer is an electronic device which helps in theconversion of data into information. This conversion is

done by proper processing of data.

Computer


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Speed Accurate

Reliability

Management of Information

Artificial Intelligence

Consistency

Up gradation

Cost Cutting

Characteristics of Computer


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First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

Fourth Generation

Fifth Generation

Computer Generations


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Hardware

Software

Main Components of Computer


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Input Unit

CPU

o Memory Unit

o

Control Unito ALU

Output Unit

Structure of Computer


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Input Unit

Memory Unit

Control Unit

ALU

OutputDevices

InputData

Output

Information

CPU

Organization of Computer


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The memory unit plays very crucial role in processing of

the data. Memory unit stores the data which are then

accessed by ALU for processing.

Memory Unit


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The main memory of the computers can be divided intotwo parts

1. Primary Memory Unit

2. Secondary Memory Unit

Types of Memory Unit


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The primary memory is further classified as follows:

Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is a

temporary memory used for storage of data.

Read Only Memory (ROM): The contents or data

saved in the ROM are permanent.

Primary Memory


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Punched Cards VDU

Keyboard

Mouse

Joy Stick

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

Optical Bar Reader (OBR)

Optical Character Reader (OCR)

Light Pen

Input Devices


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Hard Copy Devices

Soft Copy Devices

Output Devices


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Operating Systems

The operating systems are set of instructions thatmanage the functions of a computer and all theoperations of the peripheral devices attached to thecomputer.


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Batch Operating Systems

Interactive Operating Systems

Multiprogramming Operating Systems andMultiprocessing Operating Systems

Multi-User Operating Systems

Virtual Storage Operating Systems

Types of Operating Systems


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Processors

Processors are used for converting differentprogramming languages into the machine levellanguage.


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Assembler

Interpreters

Compilers

Types of Processors


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Programming Languages

The programming languages are used to giveinstructions to the computer.


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Machine Level Language

Assembly Language

High Level Language

Fourth Generation Language

Types of Programming Languages


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Management Information Systemsb Sahil Raj


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Thank You.

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