Hardware

Ambika Institute of Computer Technology

Computer Hardware

Prepared by Prem Sahu

Ambika Institute of Computer Technology

Parts of Computer1. Processor2. Motherboard3. Hard disk4. RAM5. Monitor6. CD/DVD ROM7. SMPS8. UPS9. Keyboard10. Mouse11. Printer12. Scanner

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ProcessorIt is known as “Brain of Computer”There is two unit inside Processer.1. ALU- Arithmetic and Logical Unit2. CU-Control Unit

ALU (arithmetic logic unit) Performs calculations and comparisons (data changed)

CU (control unit): performs fetch/execute cycle Moves data to and from CPU registers and other hardware components

(no change in data) Accesses program instructions and issues commands to the ALU

Intel and AMD are two main manufacturer of ProcessorMotorola is first manufacturer of ProcessorProcessor speed measure in MHz(Megahertz) and GHz(Gigahertz)

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MotherboardIt is also known as PCB(Peripheral circuit board)All the parts of Computer connected to

Motherboard

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Hard disk

It is permanent storage device which store all the data of Computer.

There is mainly 3 type of Hard disk

1. IDE(Integrated Device Electronic) or ATA(Advanced Technology attachment)

2. SATA(Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)3. SCSI( Small Computer System Interface)

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RAM Random Access Memory is also known as volatile memory which

store the data for a while. It does not store the data permanently.

Different type of RAM EDO- Extended Data Output SRAM- Static RAM DRAM- Dynamic RAM SDRAM- Synchronous Dynamic RAM DDRRAM- Double Data Rate RAM RDRAM- Rohmbus Dymanic RAM

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MonitorMonitor is a output device Different type of Monitor

CRT (Cathode Rays Tube)TFT (Thin Film Tube)LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)LED (Light Emitting Diode)

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SMPS and UPSSwitch Mode Power Supply is used to convert AC to DC

It supply +12, -12, +5, -5 volt to system

Uninterrupted Power Supply or Universal Power Supply provides power back to the system for sometime in case of main power failure.

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KeyboardKeyboard is main input device in ComputerIt has 104 to 113 keys according to functionalityDifferent type of keys in keyboardAlphabet (a, b, c ………………………….x, y, z)Numeric (1, 2, 3…………… 9, 0)Special Character (@, #, $, %, &, *, _, ?)Alphanumeric (F1, F2, F3, ……. F11, F12)Function key (Ctrl, Shift, Tab, Esc, Alt, Caps Lock, Insert,

Home, Del)Multimedia key like Volume, next, web, email etc.Direction key

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MouseMouse is a input device which may have Ps2 or

USB connectorIt is available in laser mouse, wireless, It has 3 button, Left, Right and Scroll

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CD/DVD/BD

CD-Compact Disk It can store 700 Mb to 800 MB data

DVD-Digital Versatile Disk It can store 4GB to 5 GB data

BD- Blue Ray Disk It can store 30GB to 40 GB data

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Printer

Printer is a output device where we get the data printed in paper with different printing technology.

Different type of Printer

Toner-based printers A laser printer rapidly produces high quality text and graphics. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction

printers (MFPs), laser printers employ Liquid inkjet printers Inkjet printers operate by propelling variably sized droplets of liquid ink onto almost any sized page Solid ink printers Solid ink printers, also known as phase-change printers, are a type of thermal transfer printer. They use solid sticks

of CMYK-colored ink, similar in consistency to candle wax, which are melted and fed into a crystal operated print-head.

Inkless printers Thermal printers work by selectively heating regions of special heat-sensitive paper. Monochrome thermal printers

are used in cash registers, ATMs, gasoline dispensers and some older inexpensive fax machines. Dot-matrix printers In the general sense many printers rely on a matrix of pixels, or dots, that together form the larger image. However,

the term dot matrix printer is specifically used for impact printers that use a matrix of small pins to create precise dots.

Line printers Line printers, as the name implies, print an entire line of text at a time. Three principal designs existed. In drum

printers, a drum carries the entire character set of the printer repeated in each column that is to be printed