Harborne_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Harborne Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE

Version 2

Date June 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

PHIT - Harborne.doc 2

All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordance Survey © Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918


Introduction

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context.

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward.

• Investigate leading conditions that cause deaths locally, to provide local focus for each target ward.

• Suggest future area / factors for extended research.

Authors Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

For further information please contact the information team:

Tel: 0121 465 2995 / 2999

Email: [email protected]


1. Summary

• Electoral ward Harborne is within the boundary of NHS South Birmingham.

• Harborne accounted for 2.16% of Birmingham’s population in 2006.

• Children and young people (0-19) are the second most populous group in the ward, making up 19.1% of the total population.

• The percentage of Black and minority ethnic groups in this ward is 22.0%, which is higher than the National (11.3%) but lower than the Birmingham (32.7%) average.

• Harborne is the 34th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham.

• The latest extraction for 2005/07 shows that:

o Life expectancy is 77.6 for men and 81.8 for women, over the years 2005/07.

o From 1995/97 to 2005/07 male life expectancy has increased by 4.6%. The deficit for Harborne compared with England has shortened by 81% (0.4 years).

o From 1995/97 to 2005/07 female life expectancy has increased by 5.2%. The deficit for Harborne compared with England has shortened by 100% (2 years).

o Infant Mortality Rates have dropped by 28.5% since 1999/01; the rate for the most deprived wards has also dropped.

o The leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward are Circulatory diseases (31.1%), Cancers (28.6%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (14.9%).

• Lifestyle factors 2005/07 suggest that, in comparison to Birmingham as a whole, the rates for residents of Harborne are:

o 6.6 percentage points lower for adult obesity. o 3.5 percentage points higher for binge drinking adults. o 2.0 percentage points lower for adults who smoke.


2. Local context: demographics and deprivation This section describes population demographics and deprivation in Harborne, in order to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities. Comparisons are made with Birmingham and England.

2.1. Age and sex distribution The population of Harborne is estimated to be 21,865. This represents 2.16% of the population of Birmingham. Approximately 49.1% (10,732) are male and 50.9% are female (11,173). These estimations are based on ONS mid-year population estimates for 2006. The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) shows the age and sex distributions.

Population By Age Group and Gender

2006 Estimates by Ward

Source: Office of National Statistics

588

511

508

548

1253

1222

788

780

674

631

609

589

424

437

377

353

395

621

495

461

584

1130

1253

923

892

775

643

603

611

425

424

307

236

171

1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+

Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Harborne 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 19.7% (4,316) of the Harborne population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 15.2% (3,327).

• The ward has 2.3 percentage points less 'under 19s' and 4.6 percentage points more over 65s than the city averages.


2.2. Ethnicity

Ethnicity has some influences in terms of what kind of illness an individual could develop through their life. Thus, ethnicity analysis becomes a requirement in order to target the health of vulnerable people. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Harborne population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column of table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column show the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, city and nationally.

• About a quarter (22%) of the population belongs to non-white ethnicity groups, Pakistanis represent 2.88%, Indians 9.18% and Black Caribbeans 2.57%.

• The proportion of BME groups (22%) is lower than for Birmingham (32.7%), but higher than for England (11.3%).

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Harborne (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Harborne Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N* White 78.0 16.4 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 13.6 2.9 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6 Black or Black British 3.8 0.8 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0 Mixed 2.6 0.5 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5 Chinese or other 2.0 0.4 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7 Total 100 21.0 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9

*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

2.3. Deprivation

According to Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Harborne is the 34th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 21.231.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs in Harborne by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Harborne is in the least and second most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. Table 1.2 shows the area covered by the ward and population density.

Table 1.2 Ward Area Characteristics for Harborne

Area (KM2) Population Density (persons / km

2) Population Density – Working Age

16-64 (persons/km2)

5.461 4018 2741

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.


Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Harborne by IMD quintile, 2007

2.4. Lifestyle

Table 1.3 provides a summary of lifestyle indicators in Harborne in comparison with Birmingham and England. Data presented here are from the synthetic estimates of healthy lifestyle behaviours produced by the NHS Information Centre.

• Compared with the Birmingham average, Harborne has a higher percentage of people who binge drink (3.5 percentage points higher). However less are obese (6.6 percentage points lower) and smoke (2.0 percentage points lower)

• 25.8% of adults in Harborne eat healthily; this is higher than the Birmingham (25.1%) but lower than the England (26.3%) average.

• Table 1.3 shows that further information should be sought on why inequalities exist for binge drinking between Harborne and the Birmingham and England averages.

Table 1.3 Key figures for life style Deprivation in Harborne, Birmingham and England

Year Harborne Birmingham England Adults who smoke 2003/05 22.9% 24.9% 24.1% Binge drinking adults* 2003/05 21.3% 17.8% 18.0% Healthy eating adults** 2003/05 25.8% 25.1% 26.3% Obese adults*** 2003/05 16.8% 23.4% 23.6%

* Binge drinking: men were defined as having indulged in binge drinking if they had consumed 8 or more units of alcohol on the heaviest drinking day in the previous seven days; for women the cut-off was 6 or more units of alcohol.

** Healthy eating: five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on the previous day *** Obese: BMI > 30 Data source: Physically active adults: Active People Survey, Sport England All other indicators: Synthetic estimates of healthy life styles, NHS Information Centre


3. Life expectancy trend There is evidence that life expectancy is one of the most important determinants for health inequalities across the population. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows the trend in male life expectancy in Harborne from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Male life expectancy has increased in Harborne over this time and the gap to the England average has been narrowed.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Harborne, Birmingham & England

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Harborne M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Harborne, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 to 2005/07

Figure 2.2 shows the trend in female life expectancy in Harborne from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. By 2007 female life expectancy in Harborne was equal to the national average. It may be useful to identify causes for this, so that strategies for improvement can be placed in other, less successful wards.


Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Harborne, Birmingham & England

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

84.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Harborne Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Harborne, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

As illustrated above, life expectancy for both males and females has increased from 1995/97 to 2005/07. Life expectancy in Harborne is higher than the city average, whilst on a par with the national average. The gaps for both male/female life expectancy between Harborne and England have shortened.

• Male life expectancy has increased by 4.6% from 74.1 years in 1995/97 to 77.6 years in 2005/07.

• The gap in male life expectancy between Harborne and England has shortened from 0.5 years to 0.1 years, which means a decrease of 81%.

• Female life expectancy has increased by 5.2% from 77.7 years in 1995/97 to 81.8 years in 2005/07.

• The gap in female life expectancy between Harborne and England has now closed and is equal to the national average.


4. Infant mortality

In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births. Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Harborne, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999/01 to 2005/07.

Harborne Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Year

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England

M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Harborne

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Harborne, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 2005/07, the IMR in Harborne is slightly higher than in England but lower than in Birmingham. The IMR for those in the most deprived quintile of Birmingham is higher than the Birmingham average.

• From 1999/01 to 2005/07, the IMR in Harborne has decreased by 28.5%. Birmingham’s IMR has also decreased.

• Over this time, the gap in IMR between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Harborne has widened from 4.3 to 4.6 per


1,000 less than those in most deprived SOAs, an increase of 6.91% overall.

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 per 1,000 (at about 0.1 per 1,000 per year). The gap between Harborne and England has decreased from 1.6 to 0.3 per 1,000 above England (81.6%).

5. Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated, in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Harborne.

Table 3.1 shows directly standardised mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005/07. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. Cancers, circulatory diseases and coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make up more than 74.6% of the overall DSR. This percentage is consistent with both city and local PCT levels which vary from 72% to 82%.

Table 3.1 Directly Standardised Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Harborne, 2005/07

DSR % out of all causes rate*

All Causes 644.6

100.0%

All Cancers 184.4 28.6%

All Circulatory Diseases 200.8 31.1%

Coronary Heart Disease 95.8 14.9%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development

Harborne_LE_Ward_Profile

Documents

o life expectancy

population of harborne

life expectancy inequalities

target ward

population of birmingham

introduction life expectancy

life expectancy trend

female life expectancy