HANDOUTS - Fire Protection Coordination With HVAC Design

8/22/2019 HANDOUTS - Fire Protection Coordination With HVAC Design

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Agenda

1. Re-

2. Address the following frequently asked HVAC and fire protectioncoordination questions:

Where do I find information regarding fire and smoke resistantconstruction for my project?

What are the differences between fire-rated partitions , fire barriers andfire walls?

What are the differences between smoke barriers and smoke-tightconstruction?

Where are fire dampers, smoke dampers, combination, and radiationdampers required?

When do I need a shaft versus a fire damper in the floor?

Is it permitted to use egress corridors or the space above corridorceilings as a return air plenum?

When can I undercut a door or put a door louver in to exhaust roomsadjacent to egress corridors?

Office Leader Current Strength*

Miami Juan Carlos Hernandez 1

National Capitol Frank Murphy (NA FP Leader) 8

Orange / San Francisco John Stauder 2

Roanoke Joey Caldwell 5

Virginia Beach Aaron Freid 1

Total 17

*Dedicated full time FP staff practicing full s cope services (i.e. life s afety, suppression, alarm, etc.)



Applicable Codes and Standards



WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FIRE-RATED

PARTITIONS , FIRE BARRIERS AND FIRE WALLS?

COMPARTMENTATION

The goals of compartmentation in confining a fireto the room or suite of rooms of origin are

generally the following:

1. Segregate a space that has a higher fire

hazard than the surrounding area.2. Compartmentation is also used to protect

locations of high value or critical operationsfrom a fire in the surrounding area.

3. Minimize risk of loss of an occupant of one

space as a result of a fire in space controlled

by another.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FIRE-RATEDPARTITIONS , FIRE BARRIERS AND FIRE WALLS?

Source: www.concretecentre.com



Fire Resistance Ratings

Typically based on standardtime/temperature test(ASTM E119, NFPA 251,ISO 834)

Ratings are: 20, 30, 45 min.Ratings are: 1, 1-1/2, 2, 3, 4

hours.

These ratings are theminimum time a specimen

withstood the standard testwithout failure.




PARTITIONS , FIRE BARRIERS AND FIRE WALLS?The results of fire tests are

published in company directories,which are now available in

electronic as well as in printformats:

The Fire Resistance Directory ispublished by UL.

Omega Point, Southwest Research

Institute, and Intertek Testing eachhave their own Directory of ListedProducts.

FM Approvals has access to afacility to conduct the tests andpublishes the results in its

App roval Gui de.


Fire Wall A fire resistance

rated wall having protected

openings which restrict thespread of fire and extend

continuously from the foundationto or through the roof, with

sufficient structural stability to

withstand, under fire conditions,collapse of construction oneither side without collapse of

the wall.

Source: NFPA ,Fire ProtectionHandbook, 20 th Ed.







Fire Barrier a fire-resistance-

rated wall assembly of materials

designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is

maintained.

Fire Partition a vertical

assembly of materials designed to

restrict the spread of fire in which

openings are protected.

Fire Barrier a rated wall used toseparate exits, incidental use areas,shafts, hazardous materials controlareas, and fire areas. They provide ahigher degree of protection than firepartitions, but lack the inherentstructural integrity of fire walls.

Fire Partition used to separatedwelling units in the same building,sleeping units in certain residentialand institutional occupancies, tenantspaces in covered mall buildings,corridor walls used for means of egress, elevator lobby separation, andin residential aircraft hangers. Mayextend only to the underside of a ratedceiling assembly.






WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SMOKE

BARRIERS AND SMOKE-TIGHT CONSTRUCTION?

Smoke Barrier A continuousmembrane, either vertical or

horizontal, such as a wall, floor, orceiling assembly that is designed

and constructed to restrict themovement of smoke.

Smoke Partition (NFPA 101) Acontinuous membrane that isdesigned to form a barrier to limitthe transfer of smoke. Referred to

Smoke Barrier used to subdividebuilding spaces for the purpose of restricting the movement of smoke.Required in portions of buildingswhere occupants are not immediately

evacuated and must be protected inplace, such as jails, hospitals, andareas of refuge.

Smoke Partition used to limit thefree movement of smoke, but is notintended to provide an area thatwould be free of smoke. Used toisolate incidental hazardous areassuch as storage or mechanical roomswhere fire barriers are not requireddue to the presence of sprinklers.

WHERE ARE FIRE DAMPERS, SMOKE DAMPERS,

COMBINATION, AND RADIATION DAMPERS REQUIRED?

Dampers

Fire - A listed device (UL 555) installed in ductsand air transfer openings designed to closeautomatically upon detection of heat and resist thepassage of flames. Fire dampers are classified foruse in either static systems that will automaticallyshut down in an event of a fire, or in a dynamicsystem that continues to operate during a fire. Adynamic fire damper is tested and rated for closureunder elevated temperature airflow.

Smoke - A listed device (UL 555S) installed inducts and air transfer openings designed to resistthe passage of smoke. The device is installed tooperate automatically, controlled by smokedetection system, and where required, is capableof being positioned from a fire command center.

Source: www.ruskin.com

Combination Fire/Smoke A

damper that will operate under theconstraints of both a fire and smoke

damper. Listed for both testing

criteria (UL 555 & UL 555S)

Ceiling Radiation Damper. A

listed device (UL 555C) installed in

a ceiling membrane of a fireresistance rated floor-ceiling or

roof-ceiling assembly toautomatically limit the radiative heat

transfer through an air inlet/outletopening.



Smoke damper installed within a duct musthave a smoke detector in the duct within 5

feet of the damper with no air outlets orinlets between the detector and the

damper.Spot-type detectors in corridors orcomplete detection systems can be used toactuate smoke dampers.





WHERE ARE FIRE DAMPERS, SMOKE DAMPERS,COMBINATION, AND RADIATION DAMPERS REQUIRED?
















Fire partitions.

The general rule is that a fire

damper is required in any duct

or air transfer opening thatpenetrates a fire partition.

Exception in fully sprinklered

buildings, ducts penetratingtenant separation walls incovered mall buildings need not

be fire dampered.













Ceiling Radiation DampersSteel Ducts and air transfer openings

that penetrate the ceiling membrane of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or

roof/ceiling assembly shall be protectedwith one of the following:

1. A shaft enclosure2. A listed ceiling radiation damper

installed at the ceiling line where a ductpenetrates the ceiling of a fire-resistance- rated floor/ceiling orroof/ceiling assembly.3. A listed ceiling radiation damperinstalled at the ceiling line where adiffuser with no duct attached penetratesthe ceiling of a fire-resistance-rated

floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly.

WHEN DO I NEED A SHAFT VERSUS A FIRE DAMPER

IN THE FLOOR?

Shaft An enclosed spaceextending through one or morestories of a building, connecting

vertical openings in successivefloors, or floors and roof.

Shaft Enclosure The walls or

construction forming theboundaries of a shaft.



Example Shaft Enclosures

Architectural Work:

4 stories or more =not less than2 hours

Less than 4 stories =not less than 1 hour

Basements included

Mezzanines not included

assembly penetrated, but need notexceed 2 hours.

Mechanical Work:

Ducts/transfer openings in enclosuresprotected with fire and smoke dampers

Exceptions


IN THE FLOOR?

WHEN DO I NEED A SHAFT VERSUS A FIRE DAMPERIN THE FLOOR?


IN THE FLOOR?

Horizontal Assembly A

fire resistance rated floor or

roof assembly of materialsdesigned to restrict the

spread of fire in which

continuity is maintained.

In general, duct penetrationsof horizontal assemblies

require a shaft enclosure




IN THE FLOOR?

Horizontal Assembly

Steel duct thatpenetrates a fire-resistance-ratedfloor/ceiling assemblythat connects not morethan two stories ispermitted without shaftenclosure protection,provided a listed firedamper is installed atthe floor line

Smoke Barrier

Horizontalassemblies usedas smoke barriersmust be protectedsame as other fireresistance ratedhorizontalassemblies inaddition to smokebarrierrequirements.


IN THE FLOOR?


IN THE FLOOR?

Nonfire-resistance-rated floor

assemblies.

Steel Duct systems that penetrate

nonfire-resistance- rated floor assemblies

can be protected by any of the followingmethods:

1. A shaft enclosure,

2. The duct connects not more than two stories, and the annular space around the

penetrating duct is protected(fireblocking),3. The duct connects not more than three

stories, and the annular space around thepenetrating duct is protected(fireblocking) and a fire damper is

installed at each floor line.



BEST PRACTICES FIRE AND SMOKE DAMPERS

Conduct a code analysis documenting required locations of dampers

Coordinate with Architectural:

- -of-damper

Installation allows for required access (section 716.4) for periodicinspection and testing

Understand static and dynamic damper types

Understand leakage requirements for smoke dampersDo not allow gap around fire damper in wall to be filled with anintumescent firestop sealant. The expansion pressure can buckle the duct,hindering or preventing the proper operation of the damper under fireconditions.

NFPA 80 and 90A have specific requirements for the installation andtesting (both acceptance and periodic). Become very familiar with theserequirements.

Flexible duct & air connectors must never extend thru fire resistantconstruction

Is it permitted to use egress corridors or the spaceabove corridor ceilings as a return air plenum?

Two separate questions.

1. ICC Project

International Building Code (IBC)

International Mechanical Code (IMC)

2. NFPA Project

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code (LSC)

NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-C onditioning andVentilating Systems

3. Federal, healthcare, and other projects where a combination of ICC and

NFPA criteria applies

4. DoD Project (Be careful)

All of the above

UFC 3-600-01

Is it permitted to use egress corridors or the space

above corridor ceilings as a return air plenum?





1. ICC Project

International Building

Code (IBC)

International MechanicalCode (IMC)


1. ICC Project

International Building

Code (IBC)

International MechanicalCode (IMC)



2. NFPA Project

NFPA 101, Life SafetyCode (LSC)

NFPA 90A, Standard forthe Installation of Air-Conditioning andVentilating Systems





2. NFPA Project

NFPA 101, Life Safety

Code (LSC)

NFPA 90A, Standard forthe Installation of Air-Conditioning andVentilating Systems


3. Projects where both NFPAand ICC criteria apply

When both NFPA and ICC criteria are referenced apply:

A. Determine if the client specific criteria tells you which one takes precedenceover the other (usually NFPA over IBC).

B. Meet the worst case scenarios of all applicable criteria

This situation occurs often in US Federal work and in the healthcare market.

Is the space above an egress corri dor ceiling

ok or prohibited for return?

4. DoD projects

Both NFPA and ICCapply

NFPA takes precedencefor requirementsregarding life safety

Additional DoD UFC 3-600-01 requirement

Takes a NFPA 90A requirement which is limited tocertain occupancies, and applies it to all DoDoccupancies. NFPA 101 occupancy chapters arenot setup for this which creates problems.Example - Fort Eustis Child Development Center



When can I undercut a door o r put a door louver in

to exhaust rooms adjacent to egress corridors?

When considering the requirements for the previous question, the answer to thisquestion is simple. Not allowed unless you meet certain exceptions:

IBC exceptions listed under 1018.5:

1. Where providing makeup air for toilet rooms, janitor closets, etc under certain conditions.

2. Within a dwelling unit when using the corridor for conveying return air.

3. Within tenant spaces 1,000 sf or less when using the corridor for conveying return air.

4. For incidental air movement from pressurized rooms within health care facilities.

NFPA 90A (4.3.12.1.3):

1. Toilet rooms, shower rooms, etc.

2. Door clearances that do not exceed NFPA 80 (air transfer caused by P allowed)

3. As needed for engineered smoke control system.

4. Detention and correctional occupancies with corridor separations of open construction).

5. Review specific requirements contained in each occupancy chapter (NFPA 101).

Date Subject Presenter

2/16/2012Documenting Design

DecisionsCalvin Witt

3/15/2012 ??? ???

4/19/2012 ??? ???

5/17/2012 ??? ???

6/21/2012 ??? ???

7/19/2012 ??? ???

THANK YOU

COURSE CODE: 123111

Thanks to Eric Shelton for his

assistance in preparation of this material

HANDOUTS - Fire Protection Coordination With HVAC Design

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