handout3.3

8/16/2019 handout3.3

1/19

1

Issue Location:

Revision: 1.0

Date:05-05.2000

Produced by the Fahud Training entre.

o!yright !rotected" unauthorised co!ying o# a$$ or !art o# this !ac%age is #orbidden.

&T'(D'RD DR')I(* - *+(+R'L

,I-1-10/-02

,I-1-10/-0/

,I-1-10/-05

PR+&&R 

PFL'R+

LP FL'R+

IT+ (.o('+

&I3+D+&I*(

P+R 

D4T,

-02T+&T &+P'R'TR 2206150

IL 572/8D

(T+&

,I 1 190

1. FR &T+' D'T' &++ ,I-1-190-002

  Petro$eu; Deve$o!;ent ;an

DR')I(*&

 Training Pac%age PTP /./  

ause < +##ect

8/16/2019 handout3.3

2/19

PRD4TI( TR'I(I(* P'='*+

DR')I(*& PTP-/./

This sub>ect is covered in / individua$ !ac%ages.

Pac%age /.1 : (u;bering < Identi#ication.Pac%age /.2 : Process +ngineering Dra?ings.

Pac%age /./ : ause < +##ect.

Fo$$o?ing are the contents covered in each !ac%age.

Pac%age /.1 : (u;bering < Identi#ication.

ontents : Introduction" (u;bering < Identi#ication-

  o# Dra?ings" Instru;ent Identi#ication <  (u;bering < Instru;ent &y;bo$s.

Pac%age /.2 : Process +ngineering Dra?ings.

ontents : Introduction" Pi!ing Identi#ication" Pi!ing-

< echanica$ &y;bo$s" PF&" 4F&" P+F&"

4+F& < P&F&.

Pac%age /./ : ause < +##ect.

ontents : Introduction" =&LD" FLD" @aAardous-

'rea $assi#ication Dra?ings" ause <

+##ect Dra?ings B&hutdo?n atricesC <

P$ot P$ans.

2

8/16/2019 handout3.3

3/19

DR')I(*&

TR'I(I(* P'='*+ PTP /./

ause < +##ect

3

8/16/2019 handout3.3

4/19

Tab$e o# ontents:-

Page

1. =ey &ing$e Line Dra?ings 0

2. Functiona$ Logic Dra?ings 05

/. @aAardous area $assi#ication Dra?ings 12

. ause < +##ect Dra?ings 1

5. P$ot P$ans 1

4

8/16/2019 handout3.3

5/19

1. =ey &ing$e Line Dra?ing

A Key Single Line Drawing is the electrical network in a plant and target user is

electrical engineering section.

The entire electrical distribution network o all !oltage le!els pre!ailing in a station is

shown in a "key single line drawing#.$o%%encing at the %ain supply point &pri%ary' power inlet point( all distribution

 branches and e)uip%ent will be included.

The ollowing data o interest also %ay be obtained ro% KSLD.

• *ower rating o all %a+or e)uip%ent.

• Location and interconnection o switchboards and e)uip%ent.

• Sche%atic and general arrange%ent o electrical e)uip%ent.

• ,%ergency power and lighting syste%.

&a;!$e =&LD

Inter!retation o# =&LD is to be done by co;!etent e$ectrica$ !erson on$y.

Points to re;e;ber: -

1. KSLD is electrical drawing.

2. Ask i in doubt.

3. -ot or general use.

8/16/2019 handout3.3

6/19

2. Functiona$ Logic Diagra;

Ter%s "/unction# and "Logic# are widely used in control engineering.

/unction in our conte0t is any acti!ity peror%ed by any e)uip%ent.

A switch unctions are "on# and "o#.

A !al!e unction "open# "close# or "transit# %ay be i%portant or process se)uence.

t is re)uired oten to keep so%e !al!es open be#ore proceeding urther to start a

 pu%p &or si%ilar acti!ity( or process reasons.

n process operations' it is co%%on to adopt a %ethod in which acti!ity is being done

one ater another in a deinite order to acco%plish a target %a+or acti!ity.

This is called a seEuence.

n operations o oil gas acilities %a+or acti!ities &startup o a gas co%pressor'startup o a transer pu%p' lining up a separator etc.( are di!ided into %any single

acti!ity groups to be peror%ed in se)uence.

/or e0a%ple &/ro% pu%p startup se)uences(

• $onir% there is enough suction pressure or pu%p.

• nlet !al!e is open.

• Discharge !al!e is closed.

• There is no haard warning.

• There is no electrical ault.

• The pu%p selection is proper.

&5any such acti!ities collecti!ely co%plete the start up o a pu%p6 a %a+or acti!ity.(So%e acti!ity can be done at the sa%e ti%e with another.

/ro% the abo!e e0a%ple' "no haard# and "no electrical ault# can be conir%ed at the

sa%e ti%e. 7owe!er' the "suction pressure# and "inlet !al!e open# cannot be done at

the sa%e ti%e. "Suction pressure can be checked only ater inlet !al!e is opened.

According to  PRIORITY ' the acti!ity is arranged or e0ecution.

*riority is decided by the re)uire%ent or the operation we ha!e chosen to co%plete

successully and saely a %a+or acti!ity.

The re)uire%ent or "conditions# are gathered ro% %anuacturer guides' pre!ious

research reports and scientiic knowledge.

These acti!ities are arranged in an order8se)uence' what is peror%ed irst and what

ne0t9n a si%ple word' logically.

 Logic for event control is the way we want the activities to happen strictly following

the requirement.

:

LOGIC IN OUR CONTEXT IS:

EXECUTION OF A SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN A PRE-DETERMINEDORDER AFTER A SET OF CONDITIONS IS MET.

8/16/2019 handout3.3

7/19

;hen a %a+or acti!ity &$o%pressor startup' *u%p startup' Seperator lineup( is

 peror%ed' there are %any steps o operation. n auto%atic control' these steps are

achie!ed by %achines or seconds(.

• nlet !al!e opens ully.

• Tank le!el is not low.The co%%ands and conditions are arranged and chronologically &according to ti%e o

occurrence( represented in a written docu%ent called $ogic dra?ing.

Logic drawing shows inputs' outputs' transer unctions and processing.

nput

Any signal recei!ed &a co%%and' a status condition' or a process condition(

that is necessary to allow urther acti!ity.

?utput

Signal result o the particular branch o logic.

Transer unction

Denotes the location o the sa%e signal i used elsewhere in the drawing.

*rocessing

*rocessing denotes "ollow the rules# o logic as re)uired.

The process logic co;;and and activity is ter%ed #unctions and %ostly

represent unctions o e)uip%ent' status o %achines' relati!e positions o

 process para%eter !alues. &Le!el' *ressure etc.(. These are electrical

8electronic signals sent to the logic control circuit. The circuit gi!es output in

response to these inputs.

This is processing.

A record drawing o all unctions in a %a+or acti!ity is called FLD

@

CONTROL LOGIC IS THE PHYSICAL IMPLEMENTATION

OF FUNCTIONAL NEEDS BY-

GIVING A SET OF ‘MACHINE LANGUAGE’ COMMANDS.

2.1 CONTROL LOGIC

8/16/2019 handout3.3

8/19

2.2. /-$T?-AL L?=$ DA=BA5S

/unctional Logic Diagra%s &/LD(' together with *rocess ,ngineering /low Sche%es pro!ide the basis or design o syste%s like

6 Saeguarding syste% &saety shutdown8saety interlock(

6 Se)uence control syste%

6 Auto%atic start6up syste%s.

/unctions are nor%ally indicated on the *,/S and ,/S by %eans o a tagged

rectangle s)uare.

The letter "C# or identiication shows saeguarding unction and se)uenceunction per%issi!e uses letter "S#.

5aking use o $ause and ,ect %atrices8Shut down %atrices' /LD is drawn.

/LD pro!ide inor%ation o the unctioning o the logic circuit and logical

interconnection only. They %ay not contain any details as to how they are

connected electrically.

/LD is di!ided into the ollowing sections

6 nput unction section

6 Logic unction section

6 ?utput unction section

6 Transer indicator section

FLD represents mutual relation ship between Input sinals an!Output sinals" o#ten with title $FLD% or $&hart o# &on!itions%'

P3'

F3'

PD& *&

8/16/2019 handout3.3

9/19

&a;!$e FLD.

-*TBe.-o Location o circuit. &SSL' D$S' B$T' B*' etc.(

Be. -o ?T*T

AB,A' ,E*5,-T -5F,B' DBA;-= D,TALS' L?=$ -5F,B.

To ind out a unctional logic in /LD' look in /LD inde0 to locate e)uip%ent.

/ind out logic nu%ber including the e)uip%ent nu%ber.

Logic inde0 will gi!e page nu%ber corresponding to logic nu%ber '

 Interpretation of FLD requires study of symbols, logic functions and operating

 principle. That does not come in the scope of this package.

2./. Fai$ &a#e once!t and its re$ation to Logic

Anticipating ailure o co%ponents' industrial plants are designed ail sae.n order to design saeguarding syste%s' it is essential to deine the ailures

&n the case o loss o unctional control(.

Saeguarding syste%s lead process into a predeter%ined sae state' i.e. de6energied

state.

Loss o unctional control can be !ia a ailure o

6 Trans%itters

6 Trip a%pliier 

6 tilities such as instru%ent air or power supply

6 $o%ponents "inside# saeguarding syste%s' such as relays'

,lectronic input8output cards' isolator cards' ti%ers etc.'

6 $ablesG caused by breakage' ire etc.'6 Solenoid !al!es.

H

(

≥

2

>.

4

2

1

*CAI.34

7S345?S

LCAI.34

7S3

5?S

≥2

>.

4

2

1

2

>.

4

2

1

8/16/2019 handout3.3

10/19

Saeguarding syste%s are preerably designed as

8/16/2019 handout3.3

11/19

Flow Chart

)hat FC is*

∗  A !rawin with the representations o# steps +o# wor, pro&ess" in theirse.uen&e'

)hat it &an be use! #or*

∗ To un!erstan! an! impro/e the wor, pro&ess

∗ To &reate a stan!ar! Operatin 0ro&e!ure

∗ To &reate a &ommon un!erstan!in o# how wor, shoul! be !one'

)hen to Use*)hen there is a nee! to i!enti#1 the a&tual or i!eal path that an1 pro!u&t"

pro&ess or ser/i&e #ollows in or!er to i!enti#1 when !e/iations 2 #ailures o&&ur'

A Flow Chart ! a "!#tor!al r$"r$$%tat!o% how!%& th$ $'($%#$a%) t$" o* a "ro#$. Flow Chart "ro+!)$ a% $,#$ll$%t)o#($%tat!o% o* a "ro#$ a%) #a% $ a ($*(l tool *or$,a!%!%& how +ar!o( t$" !% a "ro#$ ar$ r$lat$) to $a#hoth$r.

Th$ a!% $l$$%t o* a !"l$ *low#hart ar$:

  BO3 #or all a&ti/ities

Ο  CI4CLE #or inputs to or outputs #rom pro&ess

◊  DIA5OND #or a !e&ision that must be ma!e↓  A44O) to show the !ire&tion o# #low #rom one

a&ti/it1 to the ne6t

$o%ple0 lowcharts can use additional sy%bols or docu%ents' dierent kinds o

%achines' and other types o process' but the idea o a co%ple0 chart is essentially the

sa%e as that o a our6sy%bol chart.

*oints to re%e%ber

1. /low chart is a pictorial drawing.

2. t shows a procedure.

3. Startups' shutdowns can be drawn.

4. seul in troubleshooting.

11

8/16/2019 handout3.3

12/19

/low chart ,0a%ple

12

Pu;! &tart 

Press start

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

 YES

YES

 YES

MOTORCOMES ON?

INVESTIGATE, RESET

RESETTED CALL MAINTENANCE

  ADJUST CONTROL

PUT TO AUTO CONTROL

REPORT TO CCR

 YES

LOG READINGS

 YES

TB*

ALAB5

/L?; ?K 

/L?; ?K 

8/16/2019 handout3.3

13/19

/. @aAardous 'rea $assi#ication.

n our conte0t' haard denotes substances that catch ire i ignition heat is a!ailable.

 -atural gas' oil6handling acilities ha!e %aterials %ore easily ignited than others do.

;ide !ariation is ound in ignition properties o these gases or li)uids.

They are di!ided in to groups 8 gas groups in the order o easiness to be ignited.

=rouping is standardied inding si%ilarities in che%ical properties like lash point'

!apor density' L,L6,L' %olecular weight' boiling8%elting points and co%paring

e0peri%ental results.

@'3'RD *R4P&:,$ =roup. =ases.

I 5ethane and associated gases in 5ining

II ' *ropane' Kerosene' -aphtha' Futane' $arbon %ono0ide' Turpentine' A%%onia etc.

II 7ydrogen sulide' ,thylene' *araor%aldehyde'

II Acetylene' 7ydrogen' $arbon disulide. &ost easi$y ignited.(

The ability to get ignited increases ro% to $ thereore' the $ group substance is

the %ost easily ignited %aterial.

Cones are area classiications according to "7?; 5$7# the haardous substance is

 present and DBAT?- o its occurrence where the instru%ent is located.

7?; 5$7 o gas present is calculated ro% source siAe" ve$ocity o# gas re$easeand avai$abi$ity o# venti$ation.

Duration. Standard. Cone. 5ethod o protection $ode

.

$ontinuous.

7aard present continuously

or long ti%e

5ore than

1>>> hours 8

year 

  > ntrinsically sae syste%s "ia#

*ri%ary.

*ossibly' present under

nor%al operations.

1>61>>> hrs 8

year.

1

S category "ib#

/la%eproo 

*urge8pressurie

,ncapsulation?il i%%ersion

Sand8powder illing

ncreased saety

n addition' any %ethod

suitable or one >.

"ib#

d

 p

%o

)

e

"ia#

SecondaryPresent under #au$t condition

#or short duration

Less than

1>hrs8yaer. 2

 -on sparking

n addition' any %ethod

suitable or one >'1.

n

13

8/16/2019 handout3.3

14/19

The c$assi#ication he$!s us in:

• *roper selection

• *roper installation

• Sae %aintenance

? apparatus used in operational en!iron%ent to achie!e %a0i%u% le!el o saety

 possible.

n addition' classiication helps to identiy areas in operating ield that are likely to

 beco%e a haardous place.

These areas ?i$$ be ;ar%ed in @'3'RD4& 'R+' L'&&IFI'TI( dra?ing.

7aardous area classiication drawings shall be %ade as an o!erlay o the plot plan

and indicates6

6 Area classiication in accordance with ,BD6>H6>1

6 ,)uip%ent#s List.

6 Te%perature6 classes.

6 Beerence to plot plan.

6 *re!ailing wind direction.

n *D?' the sy%bols or ones are

  Slanting line. Slanting cross. Straight cross

  &Cone .( &Cone .( &Cone >.(

n ,0ploration *roduction operations' it is diicult to ensure that an e0plosi!e gas

at%osphere ?i$$ (++R  occur.

Thereore' ut%ost care is taken on design and operation. The area classiication

drawing is one o the base docu%ents in %onitoring *T; in oil industry.

Any %aintenance on e)uip%ent aecting area classiication is careully checked to

ensure that the proper *T; practice has been %aintained.

*oints to re%e%ber

1. Area classiication shows places where e0plosi!e gas %ay be present.

2. Depends on gas8!apor strength to catch ire.

3. *oisonous or to0ic )uality o gas8!apor is not shown in this drawing.

4. ?bser!e strictly *T; 8 isolation procedure.

. Area classiication drawing include total four  ones. Three haardous ones andthe sae area.

14

8/16/2019 handout3.3

15/19

. ause < +##ect

/ro% /LD' process related "cause and eect# is understood.n *D? operations' the /ire gas protection and "*/# syste%s use cause eect

%atri0.

n /ire and =as syste%' cause and eect %atri0 represents rele!ant le!els o alar%

and the related actions taken.

$AS,

$ause is any incident that %ay happen in production area. The "cause %ay be

 better understood as a situation

8/16/2019 handout3.3

16/19

$AS, A-D ,//,$T S B,AD - T;? ST,*S.

?-, L?$AT, T7, $AS, T7AT S -D,B -I,ST=AT?-.

T;? /-D T7, 5ABKS A-D /-D ?T T7, ,//,$T *B?=BA55,D.

$ause ,ect diagra%s are drawn clearly illustrating the incidents aecting a

 process by sorting out and tabulating the%. All those incidents that can send a logic

signal &A co%%and8input( to the control circuit will be included in the diagra%. Then

all possible eects on process due to the incident are %arked against tabulated logic

incident.

Points to re;e;ber: -

1. nstru%ent *rotecti!e /unctions are %arked in this drawing.

2. /ire and =as shutdowns are in this drawing.

3. Look or latest re!ision o drawing.

4. Do not archi!e old drawings.

. nderstand all the %atri0 o the station that you are operating.

1:

Cause

E##e&t

78 09A-::;

8/16/2019 handout3.3

17/19

Sa"l$ C 3 E )raw!%&.

  EFFECT

  '4&+

I,SSAL -? *B?$,SS

L?=$ -? L?=$ -? L?=$ -? L?=$ -?

   D   ,   S   $   B      *   T      ?   -   -   -

   S   ,   *   ?      T   $   L   ?   S   ,

   S   ,   *      -   $   L   ?   S   ,

   $   $   B   A   -   - .   ?   -

   =   8   L   S   7      T   D   ?   ;   -

   B   ,   5   ?   T   ,   ;   ,   L   L   S   8   D

   =   A   S   $   ?   5   * .   S   T   ?   * .

   T   A   =   -   ?

  3

TITL+ && T'* D+&RIPTI(

   I   ,   S   S   ,   L

   1   L   ?   =      $   -   ?  3

LCA1 S,*.L,IL&LL(

LCA2 S,*.LIL&77( $

*CA1 S,*.*BSS.&77( $

7FS1 5A-AL ,SD $

   I   ,   S   S   ,   L

   2   L   ?   =      $   -

   ?  3

LCA3

LCA4

*CA2

7FS2

-TAT, *B5ABM S,$?-DABM A$T?-$ $L?S,

? ?*,-

$˚= CLOSE AUTO RESET.

Any othe !y"#o$ %!e& '($$ #e !ho'n hee.

D4A)IN> IDENTIFICATION NU5BE4S'4E7ISION NU5BE4'

4EFE4ENCE D4A)IN>S IF ANY'7ENDO4 DETAILS IF ANY'

 A4EA'SITE A4EA'D4A)IN> TITLE'

1@

8/16/2019 handout3.3

18/19

5. P$ot P$ans

 &ha$$ indicate the #o$$o?ing:

6 /ences and gates' ,%ergency e0its and ,scape routes be %arked.

6 Fuildings' with indication o doors.

- All %ain e)uip%ent &including skid %ounted units(.

- Iessels shall be shown with base plate outline and

"Line co6ordinates# o the pu%p discharge lange.

6 *u%ps shall be shown with base plate outline' and

"Line co6ordinates# o the pu%p discharge lange.

6 *ipe rack %ain supports

  6 ?perating plator%s' walkways and stairs.

  6 Fench%arks indicating co6ordinates and ele!ations.

  6 True north and *lant -orth with angle included6 *re!ailing wind direction

  6 Sterile areas around lares' !ents and burn pits by %eans o a

discontinuous line with an arrow te0t stating "Sterile Area Li%it#

6 ,arthing and cathodic protection "

  6 Funt walls

  6 List o nu%bers o %ain e)uip%ent indicated on the plot plan'

description.

6 $ross6 reerence to the Key *lan' /oundation Location *lan and

Site *lan.

  ATTAC< $A4EA CLASSIFICATION% AND $0LOT 0LAN% OF YOU4

 A4EA 2 STATION'

SA50LE' 0LOT- 0LAN'

1

8/16/2019 handout3.3

19/19

E?0 NO DESC4I0TION'

 A88@: >2L CO50'T4AIN-;

E88@:

88@: >2L CO504'

088;:C4DE OILE30OT4T0U50S

088=:

088@:

788@: FLAS< 7ESSAL

DETAILED SETC< IF ANY'

4EFE4ANCE D4A)IN> NU5BE4S

 A4EA" SUB A4EA" TITLE" DESC4I0TION'

0DO D4A)IN> NU5BE4S" 4E7ISION NU5BE4S'

1H

   4   O   A   D

*LA-T -?BT7

DB,$T?-

5ABK-=

5ATC