Handbook of Environmental Materials Management

Handbook of Environmental MaterialsManagement

Chaudhery Mustansar HussainEditor

Handbook ofEnvironmental MaterialsManagement

With 811 Figures and 417 Tables

EditorChaudhery Mustansar HussainDepartment of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark, NJ, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-73644-0 ISBN 978-3-319-73645-7 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-319-73646-4 (print and electronic bundle)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73645-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2019933557

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of thematerial is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodologynow known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookare believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or theeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errorsor omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claimsin published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

I would like to dedicatethis handbook toMy beloved Holy Prophet (May the blessingsand the peace of Allah be upon him(Muhammad))“Mera Pyarey Aqa: App Sall Allāhu ʿAlay-HiWa-Sallam”

Preface

Environmental management is the management of the interaction and impact ofhuman societies on the environment. It offers research and opinions on the use andconservation of natural resources, protection of habitats, and control of hazards.Modern environmental management of materials helps to minimize environmentalimpacts by reducing the release of toxic substances to the environment and bylimiting human exposure. It also helps to reduce pressures on resources bydiminishing the quantities of materials that need to be extracted. Beyond this,environmental management of materials supports sustainable decision-making bybalancing the social, environmental, and economic considerations throughout thelife cycle of a product or material, ensuring that negative impacts are not shifted fromthe production process to the consumption phase, or vice versa. Modern environ-mental management of materials therefore encourages the consideration of theimpacts of policies that affect a given target area, thereby promoting considerationand possible identification of policy incoherence where this may be the case. Goingfor green future and establishing a resource-efficient economy is therefore a majorenvironmental challenge today. In this context, putting in place policies that ensureenvironmental materials management building on the principle of the 3Rs – Reduce,Reuse, Recycle – is crucial. Environmental materials management can help both toimprove the environment, by reducing the amount of resources that human economicactivity requires as well as diminishing the associated environmental impacts, and toimprove resource security and competitiveness. However, till today, the advancedcomprehensive understanding and real-world applications of these environmentalmaterials management strategies are still at distance. This handbook summarizesrecent progresses and developments for modern environmental materials manage-ment at both experimental and theoretical model scales.

To capture the comprehensive overview of the modern environmental materialsmanagement and to offer reader a systematic and coherent pattern of the topic andfocused up-to-date reference, the handbook is divided into several parts, where eachPart comprises of several chapters, starting with introduction where modern inven-tive perspective of environmental materials management is grasped. Part 1 discussesmajor environmental issues and problems. Part 2 describes various site remediationtechnologies that help to manage the modern environment. Parts 3, 4, and 5 elaborateseveral waste management techniques for hazardous, radioactive, and special

vii

wastes. Part 6 is dedicated to environmental analysis, while Part 7 talks about variousenvironmental treatment technologies. Parts 8, 9, and 10 describe environmentalmanagement of biomaterials, mathematical modeling, and management ofnanomaterial-based waste. Part 11 defines fate and transport of pollutants in theenvironment.

Parts 12 and 13 explain environmental risk assessment and socioeconomic factorsfor modern environmental materials management. The last Part clarifies the role ofpollution prevention in terms of sustainability and green world.

The future of modern environmental materials management is the last content tosummarize the book.

The aim of this book is to deliver the recent advancements in environmentalmaterials management techniques because of modern social demands. This hand-book is intended for a very broad audience working in the fields of advancedenvironmental management as a part of materials science, environment, greenchemistry, sustainability, environmental engineering, environmental sciences, etc.This handbook will be an invaluable reference source for the libraries in universitiesand industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individualresearch groups, and scientists working in the field of environment. Overall, thishandbook is planned to be useful for advanced undergraduate, graduate students,researchers, and scientists who are searching for new and advanced technologies forenvironmental materials management.

The editor and contributors are well-known researchers, scientists, and true pro-fessionals from the academia and industry. On behalf of Springer, we are verygrateful to the authors of all chapters for their outstanding and passionate efforts inthe making of this handbook. Special thanks to Miss Anita Lekhwani (SeniorEditor), Miss Alexa Steele (Editor, Major Reference Works), Miss Aparajita Basu,and the Springer Reference Editorial Team for their enthusiastic support and helpduring this project. In the end, all thanks to Springer for publishing the handbook.

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, Ph.D.The Editor

viii Preface

Contents

Volume 1

Part I Major Environmental Issues and Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 Assessment of Some Aspects of Provisioning SewerageSystems: A Case Study of Urban Agglomerations in GangaRiver Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Saurabh Shukla and Vinod Tare

2 Economic Assessment of Provisioning a Comprehensive SolidWaste Management System: A Case Study of UrbanAgglomerations in Ganga River Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Smriti Gupta, Saurabh Shukla, and Vinod Tare

3 Decentralized Integrated Approach of Water and WastewaterManagement in Rural West Bengal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Pankaj Kumar Roy, Somnath Pal, Arunabha Majumder,Gourab Banerjee, and Asis Mazumdar

4 Major Issues on Beneficial Utilization of Solar Energyin India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Debanjan Sannigrahi

5 Major Environmental Issues and Problems of South Asia,Particularly Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109G. N. Tanjina Hasnat, Md. Alamgir Kabir, and Md. Akhter Hossain

6 Air Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Saliha Saadet Kalender and Güler Bilen Alkan

7 Status of Particulate Matter Pollution in India: A Review . . . . . . 167Geetanjali Kaushik, Arvind Chel, Satish Patil, andShivani Chaturvedi

8 Global Environmental Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Alsharifa Hind Mohammad

ix

9 Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater and the SourceMineral Releasing Fluoride in Groundwater of Indo-GangeticAlluvium, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Abhishek Saxena

10 Identification of the Source Mineral Releasing Arsenic in theGroundwater of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247Pooja Goel

11 Industrial Solid Waste Management in a Developing CountryGovernorate and the Opportunities for the Application ofCleaner Production Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Aida O. Al-Batnij, Issam A. Al-Khatib, and Stamatia Kontogianni

12 Indoor Air Pollution Around Industrial Areas and Its Effect:A Case Study in Delhi City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303Jitendra Kumar Nagar, Raj Kumar, J. P. Shrivastava, andGeetanjali Kaushik

13 Scenario of Landfilling in India: Problems, Challenges, andRecommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Swati, Indu Shekhar Thakur, Virendra Kumar Vijay, andPooja Ghosh

14 Environmental Health Problems Due to Air PollutionExposure: A Case Study of Respiratory and AssociatedMorbidities Among Traffic Police Personnel in AurangabadCity of Maharashtra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Suchirai Gaikwad, N. N. Bandela, Geetanjali Kaushik, andChaudhery Mustansar Hussain

15 Microplastics as Contaminant in FreshWater Ecosystem:A Modern Environmental Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Muafia Shafiq, Abdul Qadir, and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

16 Impact of Material Chemistry on the Performancecharacteristics of a Coal Handling Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379Kumar Harshit, Syed Ali Hussain Jafri, and Pallav Gupta

Part II Environmental Site Remediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

17 Technologies for Treatment of Colored Wastewater fromDifferent Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417Shraddha Khamparia and Dipika Jaspal

x Contents

18 Application of Novel Microbial Consortia for EnvironmentalSite Remediation and Hazardous Waste Management TowardLow- and High-Density Polyethylene and Prioritizing theCost-Effective, Eco-friendly, and Sustainable BiotechnologicalIntervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Sinosh Skariyachan, Meghna Manjunath, Apoorva Shankar,Nikhil Bachappanavar, and Amulya A. Patil

19 Micro-remediation of Metals: A New Frontier inBioremediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479A. Banerjee, M. K. Jhariya, D. K. Yadav, and A. Raj

20 Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation: An Alternative Strategyfor Bioremediation of Ground Water Contaminated MixedLandfill Leachate and Sea Water in Low Income ASEANCountries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515Jubhar C. Mangimbulude and Ronald Kondo Lembang

21 Bacterial Cell-Mineral Interface, Its Impacts on BiofilmFormation and Bioremediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535Hamid M. Pouran

22 Bioremediation of Mined Waste Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557Nisha Rani, Hardeep Rai Sharma, Anubha Kaushik, andAnand Sagar

23 Soil Pollution and Remediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583Nataša Stojić, Snežana Štrbac, and Dunja Prokić

Part III Hazardous Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

24 Development of an Environmentally Sustainable Approachfor Safe Disposal of Arsenic-Rich Sludge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619Pankaj Kumar Roy, Arunabha Majumder, Somnath Pal,Gourab Banerjee, Malabika Biswas Roy, Jayanta Debbarma, andAsis Mazumdar

25 Household Hazardous Waste Quantification, Characterization,and Management in Developing Countries’ Cities: A CaseStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Waseem M. W. Al-Tamimi, Issam A. Al-Khatib, and StamatiaKontogianni

26 Investigation of the Chemical Content of Two Specific Streamsin Municipal Waste: The Case of Hazardous Household Wasteand Dental Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Stamatia Kontogianni, Nicolas Moussiopoulos, andIssam A. Al-Khatib

Contents xi

27 Management of Hazardous Paper Mill Wastes for SustainableAgriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679A. K. Sannigrahi

28 Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Morocco: The SizeEffect in the Distribution of Combustible Components andEvaluation of the Fuel Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701A. Ouigmane, Otmane Boudouch, Aziz Hasib, and M. Berkani

29 Hazardous Waste Management with Special Reference toBiological Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Soumya Nair and Jayanthi Abraham

Part IV Management of Radioactive Wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

30 Management of Radioactive Wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743Bouchra El Hilal, Mohammed Hussein Rafeq Khudhair, andAhmed El Harfi

31 Actinide Speciation in Environment and Their SeparationUsing Functionalized Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites . . . . . 771N. Priyadarshini, K. Benadict Rakesh, and P. Ilaiyaraja

Part V Management of Special Wastes: CO2, CH4, NOX, SO2,Carbon Particles, and Oil Spills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

32 Prospects and Issues of Phosphorus Recovery as Struvite fromWaste Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821Sampriti Kataki and D. C. Baruah

33 Global Status of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater:Its Occurrence, Health Impacts, and Mitigation Measures . . . . . 869Saurabh Shukla and Abhishek Saxena

34 Remediation of Industrial and Automobile Exhausts forEnvironmental Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

35 Management of Residues from Air Pollution ControlSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907Christof Lanzerstorfer

xii Contents

Volume 2

Part VI Environmental Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927

36 Tailor-Made Molecular Traps for the Treatment ofEnvironmental Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929Rüstem Keçili, Özlem Biçen Ünlüer, andChaudhery Mustansar Hussain

37 Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds fromContaminated Water and Wastewater Using Biochar asLow-Cost Adsorbents, An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951Adel Al-Gheethi, Efaq Ali Noman, Radin Mohamed,Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi, and M. K. Amir Hashim

38 Microbial Risk Associated with Application of Biosolids inAgriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961Adel Al-Gheethi, Efaq Ali Noman, Radin Mohamed,Abd. Halid Abdullah, and M. K. Amir Hashim

39 Monitoring and Risk Analysis of PAHs in the Environment . . . . 973Karishma Hussain, Raza R. Hoque, Srinivasan Balachandran,Subhash Medhi, Mohammad Ghaznavi Idris, Mirzanur Rahman, andFarhaz Liaquat Hussain

40 Water Quality Assessment of an Unexplored TropicalFreshwater System in Thiruvananthapuram, India:A Multivariate Statistical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009Anila P. Ajayan, Jan W. Rijstenbil, and K. G. Ajit Kumar

41 Nanomembranes for Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

42 Exergy and Life Cycle-Based Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057Niloufar Salehi, Morteza Mahmoudi, Alireza Bazargan, andGordon McKay

43 Magnetic and Nanostructural Properties of Cobalt–ZincFerrite for Environmental Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079A.-H. El Foulani, R. C. Pullar, M. Amjoud, K. Ouzaouit, andA. Aamouche

44 New Trends in Environmental Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097Awad Ageel Al-rashdi

45 Integrated Evaluation of Quantitative Factors Related to theEnvironmental Quality Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117Gustavo Marques da Costa, Annette Droste, Darlan Daniel Alves,and Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osório

Contents xiii

46 Characterizing the Cell Surface Properties ofHydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strains, a Case Study . . . . . . 1139Hamid M. Pouran, Steve A. Banwart, and Maria Romero-Gonzalez

47 Preparation, Characterization, and Heavy Metal Ion AdsorptionProperty of APTES-Modified Kaolin: Comparative Studywith Original Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167Bahia Meroufel and Mohamed Amine Zenasni

48 Concept Note on Method Development for Speciation andMeasurement of Arsenic (As) in Its Valence States (As (III)and As (V)) in Solid and Semisolid Organic EnvironmentalSamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191A. M. M. Maruf Hossain

49 Determination of Select Heavy Metals in Air Samples fromAurangabad City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199Onkar Jogdand, N. N. Bandela, Geetanjali Kaushik, and Arvind Chel

50 Recent Advances in Membrane Extraction Techniques forEnvironmental Samples Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209Hadi Tabani, Saeed Nojavan, Kamal Khodaei, and Alireza Bazargan

51 Environmental Toxicology and Air Pollution: A ComparativeAnalysis of Different Methods and Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243Gustavo Marques da Costa, Larissa Meincke, Darlan Daniel Alves,Ane Katiussa Siqueira Frohlich, Sandra Manoela Dias Macedo, andDaniela Montanari Migliavacca Osório

52 The Effects of Atmospheric Pollution in Respiratory Health . . . . 1271Sandra Magali Heberle, Gustavo Marques da Costa, Nelson Barros,and Michele S. G. Rosa

Part VII Environmental Treatment Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287

53 Advanced Treatment Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289Manviri Rani and Uma Shanker

54 Treatment of Domestic Gray Water by MulticomponentFilters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1341R. M. S. Radin Mohamed, Adel Al-Gheethi,Muhammad Shabery Sainudin, and M. K. Amir Hashim

55 Development In-House: A Trap Method for Pretreatment of Fat,Oil, and Grease in Kitchen Wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1351R. M. S. Radin Mohamed, Adel Al-Gheethi, A. N. Welfrad, andM. K. Amir Hashim

xiv Contents

56 Environmental Treatment Technologies: Adsorption . . . . . . . . . . 1367Subramanyam Busetty

57 Making Artificial Beachrock Through Bio-cementation:A Novel Technology to Inhibition of Coastal Erosion . . . . . . . . . . 1399Md. Nakibul Hasan Khan and Satoru Kawasaki

58 Potential of Biogas Technology in Achieving the SustainableDevelopmental Goals: A Review Through Case Study inRural South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1423T. E. Rasimphi, D. Tinarwo, and W. M. Gitari

59 A Review on Treatment of Pharmaceuticals and PersonalCare Products (PPCPs) in Water and Wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . 1433Mukesh Goel and Ashutosh Das

60 Constructed Wetland: A Green Approach to HandleWastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445Ashutosh Das and Mukesh Goel

61 How to Improve Selectivity of a Material for AdsorptiveSeparation Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469Vipin K. Saini and Aparajita Shankar

62 Advanced Pretreatment Strategies for Bioenergy Productionfrom Biomass and Biowaste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507C. Veluchamy, Ajay S. Kalamdhad, and Brandon H. Gilroyed

63 Green Infrastructure: Cost-Effective Nature-Based Solutionsfor Safeguarding the Environment and Protecting HumanHealth and Well-Being . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525Daniel Jato-Espino, Luis A. Sañudo-Fontaneda, andValerio C. Andrés-Valeri

64 The Modified Bardenpho Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1551Ehsan Banayan Esfahani, Fatemeh Asadi Zeidabadi,Alireza Bazargan, and Gordon McKay

65 Diagnostic and Treatment by Different Techniques of Leachatesfrom Municipal Solid Waste in Morocco Using ExperimentalDesign Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1593Meriem Abouri, Salah Souabi, and M. Abdellah Bahlaoui

66 Application of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry forthe Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical TransformationProducts in Advanced Oxidation Processes and Their ReactionMechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1633Jin-Chung Sin, Sze-Mun Lam, and Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Contents xv

67 Olive Mill Wastewater: Treatment and ValorizationTechnologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659Yahia Rharrabti and Mohamed EI Yamani

68 Studies on Water Quality of Mokokchung District, Nagaland,India, and Removal of Trace Elements Using Activated CarbonPrepared from Locally Available Bio-waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1687Daniel Kibami

69 Advancement of Photocatalytic Water Treatment Technologyfor Environmental Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1719Sze-Mun Lam, Jin-Chung Sin, and Abdul Rahman Mohamed

70 Techniques for Remediation of Paper and Pulp Mill Effluents:Processes and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1747Smita Chaudhry and Rashmi Paliwal

71 Biofilm-Based Systems for Industrial Wastewater Treatment . . . 1767Meryem Asri, Soumya Elabed, Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi, andNaïma El Ghachtouli

72 Role of Bioremediation as a Low-Cost Adsorbent forExcessive Fluoride Removal in Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1789Abhishek Saxena and Anju Patel

73 Biotechnological Approach for Mitigation Studies of Effluentsof Automobile Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1821N. N. Bandela, P. N. Puniya, and Geetanjali Kaushik

74 New Techniques for Treatment and Recovery of ValuableProducts from Olive Mill Wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1839Reda Elkacmi and Mounir Bennajah

75 Role of Earthworms in Managing Soil Contamination . . . . . . . . 1859Payal Garg, Geetanjali Kaushik, Jitendra Kumar Nagar, andPoonam Singhal

76 The Application of Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) for theRemoval of Organic Matter, Nutrients, and Heavy Metals fromLandfill Leachate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1879Susan Hayeri Yazdi, Ali Vosoogh, and Alireza Bazargan

Volume 3

Part VIII Environmental Management of Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . 1899

77 Sustainable Biomedical Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1901Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

xvi Contents

78 Agrowaste Materials as Composites for BiomedicalEngineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1925Geetanjali Kaushik, Poonam Singhal, and Arvind Chel

Part IX Environmental Modeling (Mathematical Modelingand Environmental Problems) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1941

79 A New Method to Estimate the Instantaneous NOx Emissionsfrom Road Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1943Hicham Gourgue

80 Water Balance Models in Environmental Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . 1961Khodayar Abdollahi, Alireza Bazargan, and Gordon McKay

81 Modeling the Feasibility of Employing Solar Energy for WaterDistillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977Hisham A. Maddah

82 Applications of Soft Computing Methods in EnvironmentalEngineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2001Kaan Yetilmezsoy

83 Modelization of Trihalomethanes Formation in Drinking WaterDistribution Systems in France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2047Otmane Boudouch, C. Galey, C. Rosin, and A. Zeghnoun

Part X Environmental Nanotechnology: Management ofNano-waste (Nanomaterials) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2061

84 Nano-wastes and the Environment: Potential Challenges andOpportunities of Nano-waste Management Paradigm forGreener Nanotechnologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2063Sherif A. Younis, Esraa M. El-Fawal, and Philippe Serp

85 Homeopathic Nanomedicines and Their Effect on theEnvironment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2135P. Nandy, P. Bandyopadhyay, M. Chakraborty, A. Dey, D. Bera,B. K. Paul, S. Kar, A. Gayen, R. Basu, S. Das, D. S. Bhar, S. Manna,R. K. Manchanda, A. K. Khurana, and D. Nayak

86 Environmental Nanotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2159Junaid Saleem, Usman Bin Shahid, and Gordon McKay

87 Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment, TheirPotential Fate and Behavior and Emerging Techniquesto Measure Them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2191Hamid M. Pouran

Contents xvii

88 Environmental Nanotechnology and Education for Sustainability:Recent Progress and Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2205Abdelaziz El Moussaouy

89 Nanotechnology Interaction with Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2233Rigers Bakiu

90 Nanowaste Classification, Management, and LegislativeFramework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2257Rigers Bakiu

91 Current Status and Perspectives in Nanowaste Management . . . 2287Astrid Campos and Israel López

Part XI Fate and Transport of Pollutants-LCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2315

92 Transport and Fate of Mercury (Hg) in the Environment:Need for Continuous Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2317Zia Mahmood Siddiqi

93 Life-Cycle Assessment of Construction Materials: Analysis ofEnvironmental Impacts and Recommendations of Eco-efficientManagement Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2337Leonor Patricia Güereca, Daniel Jato-Espino, andEsther Lizasoain-Arteaga

94 Dispersion, Photochemical Transformation, and Bioaccumulationof Pollutants in the Vicinity of Highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2373Gennady Gerasimov

Part XII Environmental Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2395

95 Metabolic Toxicity and Alteration of Cellular Bioenergetics byHexavalent Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2397Sudipta Pal and Kanu Shil

96 Recent Advances in Toxicology of Gold Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . 2425Siva Prasad Bitragunta, S. Aarathi Menon, and P. Sankar Ganesh

97 Performance Evaluation of Global Environmental ImpactAssessment Methods Through a Comparative Analysis ofLegislative and Regulatory Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2441Lekha Sridhar and Vaibhav Gupta

98 Environmental Impact of Steel Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2463Andrea Di Schino

xviii Contents

99 Spatial Variation in the Grain Size Characteristics of Sedimentsin Ramganga River, Ganga Basin, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2485Mohd Yawar Ali Khan

100 Integrated Assessment of Environmental Factors: Risks toHuman Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2497Gustavo Marques da Costa and Michele dos Santos Gomes da Rosa

Volume 4

Part XIII Environmental Policy, Laws, and Economics . . . . . . . . . . 2513

101 Implications of International Environmental Laws: A CloseEnquiry at the International Levels to Protect theEnvironment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2515Noor Mohammad

102 The Role of Local Government Laws in Bangladesh forPromoting Environmental Justice in the Union Parishads ofBangladesh: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2537Noor Mohammad

103 Research Prioritization in Aerosol Geo-Engineering . . . . . . . . . . 2559A. M. M. Maruf Hossain

104 Environmental Law and Policy in the Russian Federation:An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2569Ekaterina A. Belokrylova

105 Critical Assessment of Existing Environmental Legislation andPolicies in India, Its Benefits, Limitation, and Enforcement . . . . 2591Anirban Dhulia and Rajiv Ganguly

Part XIV Pollution Prevention, Sustainability, and GreenWorld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2603

106 A Safety Promotion Approach for Handling of Chemicals inthe Working Environmental Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605A. Umamaheswari, S. Lakshmana Prabu, M. Rengasamy, andG. Venkatesan

107 The Importance and Potential of Duckweeds as a Model andCrop Plant for Biomass-Based Applications and Beyond . . . . . . 2629Hieu X. Cao, Paul Fourounjian, and Wenqin Wang

Contents xix

108 Enhancing Resilience of Vulnerable Coastal Areas andCommunities: Mangrove Rehabilitation/Restoration Worksin the Gambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2647Jean-Hude E. Moudingo, Gordon Ajonina, Diyouke M. Eugene,Ansumana K. Jarju, Kwasu Jammeh, Foday Conteh, Saul Taal,Lamin Mai Touray, Modou Njei, and Saiko Janko

109 Assessment of the Biogas Potential in the Vhembe District ofLimpopo: A Case Study of Waste-to-Energy ConversionTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2693T. E. Rasimphi, D. Tinarwo, and W. M. Gitari

110 Biosynthesis and Assemblage of Extracellular Cellulose byBacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2703Sumathi Suresh

111 Wastewater Management to Environmental MaterialsManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2745Musarrat Parween and A. L. Ramanathan

112 The Evolution of the Paradigm of Pollution Prevention andSustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2769W. I. Jose

113 Bioremediation of Hormones from Waste Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2801Anushree Suresh and Jayanthi Abraham

114 An Introduction to Sustainable Materials Management . . . . . . . . 2831Mohaddeseh Khorasanizadeh, Alireza Bazargan, andGordon McKay

115 Air Pollution Prevention Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2871Saliha Saadet Kalender

116 Camelina sativa: An Emerging Biofuel Crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2889Shivani Chaturvedi, Amrik Bhattacharya, Sunil Kumar Khare, andGeetanjali Kaushik

117 Sustainability of Waste Glass Powder and Clay Brick Powderas Cement Substitute in Green Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2927O. M. Olofinnade, A. N. Ede, and C. A. Booth

118 Dynamic Agro-economic Modeling for Sustainable WaterResources Management in Arid and Semi-arid Areas . . . . . . . . . 2949Hayat Lionboui, Tarik Benabdelouahab, Aziz Hasib, Fouad Elame,and Abdelali Boulli

119 Photovoltaic Systems and Equipments for the Rural andUrban World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2975Mustapha Melhaoui, Kamal Hirech, Ilias Atmane, and Khalil Kassmi

xx Contents

120 Seed Germination and Propagation for Regeneration of SomeMedicinal Plants Growing Wild in Semiarid Region ofAlgeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3007Souad Mehalaine

121 Impact of Climate Change and Land Use Change Scenarios onWater Resources in Tha Chin River Basin: A Case Study ofSuphan Buri Province, Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3031Sathaporn Monprapussorn

122 An Evaluation of Usage of Methyl Esters of Jatropha and FishOil for Environmental Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3041S. Sendilvelan and K. Bhaskar

123 Modern Environmental Materials, Pollution Prevention,Sustainability, and Green World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3069Mohammed Hussein Rafeq Khudhair, Bouchra El Hilal,M. S. Elyoubi, and Ahmed Elharfi

124 Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Waste Glass . . . . . . . . . 3099Niraj Singh Parihar, Vijay Kumar Garlapati, and Rajiv Ganguly

125 Air Quality Status and Management in Tier II and III IndianCities: A Case Study of Aurangabad City, Maharashtra . . . . . . . 3115Geetanjali Kaushik, Satish Patil, and Arvind Chel

126 Modern Air Pollution Prevention Strategies in the UrbanEnvironment: A Case Study of Delhi City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3137Richa Dave Nagar and Geetanjali Kaushik

127 Environmental Management and Sustainable Development:AVision for the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3163Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

128 Modern Social Media in Environmental Management andSustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3181Poonam Singhal, Indranil Bose, Geetanjali Kaushik, andChaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3203

Contents xxi

About the Editor

Dr. Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain (born in 1975, inPakistan, has lived in the USA from 2009, and natural-ized in the USA recently) is currently an Adjunct Pro-fessor, an Academic Advisor, and Director ofLaboratories in the Department of Chemistry and Envi-ronmental Science at the New Jersey Institute of Tech-nology (NJIT), Newark, New Jersey, USA. Dr. Hussainis an experienced Environmental Consultant whoworked for several projects sponsored by the AsianDevelopment Bank. Dr. Hussain completed his Ph.D.in International Program in Environmental Managementfrom Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Heis truly an educator with several years of experiencesand has privileged to present the knowledge, awareness,and familiarity of environmental management fromindustry to higher education research. His editorialexperience includes Editor of the Journal of Chemistry(Hindawi Publishing), Guest Editor of ASME Journalof Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine, Editorof BAOJ Chemistry, and many more. Dr. Hussain is theAuthor of numerous papers in peer-reviewed interna-tional journals as well as prolific Author and Editor ofseveral scientific monographs and handbooks publishedwith Springer, Elsevier, the Royal Society of Chemistry,John Wiley & Sons, CRC Press, etc. To date, he hasauthored/edited more than 20 books and handbooks andcontributed toward more than 35 book chapters. Hisresearch interests include environmental management,environmental analysis, analytical chemistry, environ-mental engineering, application of nanotechnology andadvanced materials for various industries, etc.Dr. Hussain can speak several languages includingEnglish, Urdu, Punjabi, and Thai.

xxiii

Contributors

A. Aamouche Applied Sciences National School (ENSA), Cadi Ayyad University,Marrakech, Morocco

S. Aarathi Menon Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, HyderabadCampus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Khodayar Abdollahi Department of Engineering Measures for Nature Develop-ment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University,Shahrekord City, Iran

Abd. Halid Abdullah Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department ofWater and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu, Pahat, Malaysia

Meriem Abouri Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty ofSciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University – Hassan II, Mohammedia,Morocco

Jayanthi Abraham Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciencesand Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Anila P. Ajayan Environmental Biology Division, Department of Botany,Mahatma Gandhi College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

K. G. Ajit Kumar Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,India

Gordon Ajonina Cameroon Wildlife Conservation Society (CWCS), CWCSCoastal, Forests and Mangrove Programme, Mouanko, Littoral Region, Cameroon

Aida O. Al-Batnij Faculty of Graduate Studies, Birzeit University, Birzeit,Palestine

Adel Al-Gheethi Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Waterand Environment Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia

xxv

Güler Bilen Alkan Barbaros Hayrettin Naval Architecture and Maritime Faculty,Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Iskenderun, Turkey

Issam A. Al-Khatib Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, BirzeitUniversity, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine

Awad Ageel Al-rashdi Department of Chemistry, Center for Scientific Research(QCSR), Al-Qunfudah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, MakkahAl-Mukarramah, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia

Waseem M. W. Al-Tamimi Faculty of Graduate Studies, Birzeit University,Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine

Faculty of Graduate Studies, Birzeit University, Hebron, Palestine

Darlan Daniel Alves Programa de pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental,Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil

M. K. Amir Hashim Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department ofWater and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineer-ing, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia

M. Amjoud Laboratory of Condensed Matter and Nanostructures, Faculty ofScience and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco

Valerio C. Andrés-Valeri GITECO Research Group, University of Cantabria,Santander, Cantabria, Spain

Fatemeh Asadi Zeidabadi Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Meryem Asri Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences etTechniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes, Morocco

Ilias Atmane Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Team: Materials,Electronics and Renewable Energies MERE, Laboratory Electromagnetism SignalProcessing and Renewable Energy LESPRE, Mohamed Premier University, Oujda,Morocco

Nikhil Bachappanavar R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology Engineering,Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

M. Abdellah Bahlaoui Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis and Development ofNatural Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University –Hassan II, Mohammedia, Morocco

Rigers Bakiu Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University ofTirana, Tirana, Albania

xxvi Contributors

Srinivasan Balachandran Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-BharatiSantiniketan, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India

Ehsan Banayan Esfahani Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

N. N. Bandela Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Babasaheb AmbedkarMarathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

P. Bandyopadhyay Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata,India

A. Banerjee Department of Environmental Science, Sarguja University,Ambikapur, Chattisgarh, India

Gourab Banerjee School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Steve A. Banwart School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds,UK

Nelson Barros Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, FP-ENAS - UFP:University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal

D. C. Baruah Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, TezpurUniversity, Tezpur, Assam, India

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of South Africa,Pretoria, South Africa

R. Basu Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Alireza Bazargan Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University ofTechnology, Tehran, Iran

Ekaterina A. Belokrylova Environmental Law and Policy Department, Science ofInstitute of Law, The Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russia

Tarik Benabdelouahab National Institute of Agricultural Research, ResearchCenter of Tadla, Tadla, Morocco

K. Benadict Rakesh Department of Physics, Indian Institute of TechnologyMadras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Mounir Bennajah Department of Process Engineering, National School ofMineral Industries of Rabat, BP, Rabat, Morocco

D. Bera Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

M. Berkani Laboratory of Spectro-Chemistry Applied and Environment, Univer-sity Sultan MoulaySlimane, BeniMellal, Morocco

D. S. Bhar Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Contributors xxvii

K. Bhaskar Department Automobile Engineering, Rajalakshmi EngineeringCollege, Chennai, India

Amrik Bhattacharya Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology,Delhi, India

Özlem Biçen Ünlüer Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, AnadoluUniversity, Eskişehir, Turkey

Siva Prasad Bitragunta Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani,Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Biotechnology Division, Environment Protection Training and Research Institute,Hyderabad, Telangana, India

C. A. Booth University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

Indranil Bose Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, India

Otmane Boudouch Transdisciplinary Team of Analytical Sciences for SustainableDevelopment, University Sultan MoulaySlimane, BeniMellal, Morocco

Environmental and Agro-Industries Processes Team, University Sultan MoulaySlimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Abdelali Boulli Laboratory of Environment and Valorization of Agro-Resources,Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Subramanyam Busetty SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India

Astrid Campos Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad deCiencias Químicas, Laboratorio de Materiales I, San Nicolás de los Garza, NuevoLeón, Mexico

Hieu X. Cao Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther-University ofHalle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany

M. Chakraborty Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata,India

Shivani Chaturvedi Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi, New Delhi, India

Smita Chaudhry Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra, India

Arvind Chel MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College, Mahatma GandhiMission, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Foday Conteh Department of Water Resources, Abuko, Gambia

Gustavo Marques da Costa Programa de pós-graduação em QualidadeAmbiental, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil

Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil

xxviii Contributors

Michele dos Santos Gomes da Rosa Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RioGrande do Sul – PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Ashutosh Das Centre for Environmental Engg., PRIST Deemed University,Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

S. Das Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Jayanta Debbarma PWD (Water Resources), Agartala, Tripura, India

A. Dey Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Anirban Dhulia Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Informa-tion Technology, Himachal Pradesh, Waknaghat, India

Andrea Di Schino Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Annette Droste Programa de pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental,Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil

A. N. Ede Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

Mohamed EI Yamani Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Taza, Morocco

Naïma El Ghachtouli Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté desSciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes, Morocco

Ahmed El Harfi Laboratory of Agro resources Polymers and Process engineering(LAPPE), Team of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, IbnTofail University, Kenitra, Morocco

Bouchra El Hilal Laboratory of Agro resources Polymers and Process engineering(LAPPE), Team of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, IbnTofail University, Kenitra, Morocco

Operation Unit of the Radioactive Waste, Center of Nuclear Studies of Maamora(CENM) (CNESTEN), Kenitra, Morocco

Abdelaziz El Moussaouy Laboratory of Dynamics and Optics of Materials,Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed University; CRMEF-O,Oujda, Morocco

Soumya Elabed Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Scienceset Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes, Morocco

Fouad Elame National Institute of Agricultural Research, Research Center ofAgadir, Agadir, Morocco

Esraa M. El-Fawal Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian PetroleumResearch Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

Ahmed Elharfi Laboratory of Agro Resources Polymers and Process engineering(LAPPE), Team of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, IbnTofail University, Kenitra, Morocco

Contributors xxix

Reda Elkacmi Department of Chemistry and Valorisation, Faculty of SciencesAin-Chock, HASSAN II University of Casablanca, BP, Casablanca, Morocco

Department of Process Engineering, National School of Mineral Industries of Rabat,BP, Rabat, Morocco

M. S. Elyoubi Laboratory of Chemistry of Solid State, Faculty of Science, IbnTofail University, Kenitra, Morocco

Diyouke M. Eugene Cameroon Wildlife Conservation Society (CWCS), CWCSCoastal, Forests and Mangrove Programme, Mouanko, Littoral Region, Cameroon

A.-H. El Foulani MSISM Research Team, Department of Physics, PolydisciplinaryFaculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco

Paul Fourounjian Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University,Piscataway, NJ, USA

Ane Katiussa Siqueira Frohlich UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Suchirai Gaikwad Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. BabasahebAmbedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

C. Galey Agence nationale de santé publique 12 rue du Val d’Osne 94415, SaintMaurice Cedex, France

Rajiv Ganguly Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of InformationTechnology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India

Payal Garg Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute ofTechnology Delhi, New Delhi, India

Vijay Kumar Garlapati Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JaypeeUniversity of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India

A. Gayen Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Gennady Gerasimov Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, Moscow,Russia

Pooja Ghosh Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute ofTechnology, New Delhi, India

Brandon H. Gilroyed School of Environmental Science, University of GuelphRidgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON, Canada

W. M. Gitari Department of Ecology and Resource Management, University ofVenda, Thohoyandou, South Africa

Mukesh Goel Centre for Environmental Engg., PRIST Deemed University,Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

Pooja Goel Centre for Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow,Lucknow, India

xxx Contributors

Hicham Gourgue Sustainable Innovation and Applied Research Laboratory(SIARL) Universiapolis, International University of Agadir, Agadir, Morocco

Leonor Patricia Güereca Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónomade México, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico

Pallav Gupta Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.S.E.T., Amity University,Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Smriti Gupta Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop MemorialUniversity, Lucknow, India

Vaibhav Gupta Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), New Delhi,India

Kumar Harshit Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.S.E.T., AmityUniversity, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Aziz Hasib Laboratory of Environment and Valorization of Agro-Resources,Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

G. N. Tanjina Hasnat Department of Land Administration, Faculty of LandManagement and Administration, Patuakhali Science and Technology University,Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Susan Hayeri Yazdi Gas Turbine Power Plant Division, Monenco Iran Company,Tehran, Iran

Sandra Magali Heberle Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit,FP-ENAS - UFP: University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal

Kamal Hirech Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Team: Materials,Electronics and Renewable Energies MERE, Laboratory Electromagnetism SignalProcessing and Renewable Energy LESPRE, Mohamed Premier University, Oujda,Morocco

Raza R. Hoque Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur,Assam, India

Md. Akhter Hossain Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences ChittagongUniversity, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

A. M. M. Maruf Hossain School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, College ofDesign and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Center for Integrated Knowledge Invention, Laverton, VIC, Australia

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Department of Chemistry and EnvironmentalSciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

Karishma Hussain Department of Bioengineering and Technology, GauhatiUniversity, Guwahati, Assam, India

Contributors xxxi

Farhaz Liaquat Hussain Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, DibrugarhUniversity, Dibrugarh, Assam, India

Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté desSciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes, Morocco

Centre Universitaire Régional d’Interface, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah,Fes, Morocco

Mohammad Ghaznavi Idris Department of Bioengineering and Technology(GUIST), Gauhati University, Guwahati, India

P. Ilaiyaraja Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Syed Ali Hussain Jafri Department of Mechanical Engineering, IntegralUniversity, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Kwasu Jammeh Department of Parks and Wildlife Management, Kanifing,Gambia

Saiko Janko KOMFORA, The Kombo/Foni Forestry Association, Kafuta, Gambia

Ansumana K. Jarju NARI, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia

Dipika Jaspal Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International(Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India

Daniel Jato-Espino GITECO Research Group, University of Cantabria, Santander,Cantabria, Spain

M. K. Jhariya Department of Farm Forestry, Sarguja University, Ambikapur,Chhattisgarh, India

Onkar Jogdand Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. BabasahebAmbedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

W. I. Jose Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines,Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines

Md. Alamgir Kabir Department of Agroforestry, Patuakhali Science andTechnology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Ajay S. Kalamdhad Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology Guwahati, Guwahati, India

Saliha Saadet Kalender Istanbul Technical University, Tirana, Albania

S. Kar Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Khalil Kassmi Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Team: Materials,Electronics and Renewable Energies MERE, Laboratory Electromagnetism SignalProcessing and Renewable Energy LESPRE, Mohamed Premier University, Oujda,Morocco

xxxii Contributors

Sampriti Kataki Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, TezpurUniversity, Tezpur, Assam, India

Anubha Kaushik University School of Environment Management, Guru GobindSingh Indraprastha University, Dwarika, New Delhi, India

Geetanjali Kaushik MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College, MahatmaGandhi Mission, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Satoru Kawasaki Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Rüstem Keçili Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Department ofMedical Services and Techniques, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey

Shraddha Khamparia Symbiosis Centre for Research and Innovation, SymbiosisInternational (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India

Md. Nakibul Hasan Khan Department of Environmental Science and Engineer-ing, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Mohd Yawar Ali Khan Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Tech-nology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

Sunil Kumar Khare Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology,New Delhi, India

Kamal Khodaei Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute ofApplied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Mohaddeseh Khorasanizadeh Department of Chemical Engineering, SharifUniversity of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Mohammed Hussein Rafeq Khudhair Laboratory of Agro resources Polymersand Process engineering (LAPPE), Team of Macromolecular and Organic Chemis-try, Faculty of sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco

Laboratory of Cement and Quality Control of Amran Cement Plant of Yemen,Amran, Yemen

Laboratory of Chemistry of Solid State, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University,Kenitra, Morocco

A. K. Khurana Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, New Delhi, India

Daniel Kibami Department of Chemistry, Kohima Science College (Autonomous)Jotsoma, Kohima, Nagaland, India

Stamatia Kontogianni Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineer-ing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki, Greece

Raj Kumar Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi,India

Contributors xxxiii

S. Lakshmana Prabu Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BharathidasanInstitute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Sze-Mun Lam Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineeringand Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

Christof Lanzerstorfer University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels,Austria

Ronald Kondo Lembang Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering Technology,University of Halmahera, Tobelo, North Mollucas, Indonesia

Hayat Lionboui Department of Economics and Rural Sociology, National Instituteof Agricultural Research, Research Center of Tadla, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Laboratory of Environment and Valorization of Agro-Resources, Sultan MoulaySlimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria,Santander, Spain

Israel López Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de CienciasQuímicas, Laboratorio de Materiales I, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León,Mexico

Sandra Manoela Dias Macedo Departamento de Farmacociências, UFCSPA,Porto Alegre, Brazil

Hisham A. Maddah Department of Chemical Engineering, King AbdulazizUniversity, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia

Morteza Mahmoudi Energy Research Institute, Sharif University of Technology,Tehran, Iran

Arunabha Majumder School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur Univer-sity, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Govt. of India, Kolkata, India

R. K. Manchanda Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, New Delhi, India

Jubhar C. Mangimbulude Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering Technol-ogy, University of Halmahera, Tobelo, North Mollucas, Indonesia

Meghna Manjunath R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology Engineering,Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

S. Manna Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Asis Mazumdar School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, West Bengal, India

xxxiv Contributors

Gordon McKay Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science andEngineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

Subhash Medhi Department of Bioengineering and Technology (GUIST), GauhatiUniversity, Guwahati, India

Souad Mehalaine Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of ExactSciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria

Larissa Meincke Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil

Mustapha Melhaoui Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Team: Materials,Electronics and Renewable Energies MERE, Laboratory Electromagnetism SignalProcessing and Renewable Energy LESPRE, Mohamed Premier University, Oujda,Morocco

Bahia Meroufel Faculty of Technology, University Abou Bekr Belkaïd ofTlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

Radin Mohamed Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Waterand Environment Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia

Abdul Rahman Mohamed School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti SainsMalayisia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Noor Mohammad Department of Law, Green University of Bangladesh, Dhaka,Bangladesh

Alsharifa Hind Mohammad Water, Energy and Environment Center, The Univer-sity of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

Sathaporn Monprapussorn Department of Geography, Faculty of SocialSciences, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand

Jean-Hude E. Moudingo FAO Cameroon Representation Mangrove Project andCameroon Wildlife Conservation Society (CWCS), CWCS Coastal, Forests andMangrove Programme, Mouanko, Littoral Region, Cameroon

Nicolas Moussiopoulos Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineer-ing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki, Greece

Jitendra Kumar Nagar Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi,New Delhi, India

Richa Dave Nagar Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University,Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Soumya Nair Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences andTechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

P. Nandy Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Contributors xxxv

D. Nayak Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, New Delhi, India

Modou Njei WABSAWest Africa Study Birds Association, Banjul, Gambia

Saeed Nojavan Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, ShahidBeheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran

Efaq Ali Noman Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology (FAST), UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia

O. M. Olofinnade Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osório Programa de Pós-graduação emQualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil

A. Ouigmane Laboratory of Spectro-Chemistry Applied and Environment,University Sultan MoulaySlimane, BeniMellal, Morocco

Laboratory of Environment and Valorization d of Agro-Resources, University SultanMoulaySlimane, BeniMellal, Morocco

Transdisciplinary Team of Analytical Sciences for Sustainable Development,University Sultan MoulaySlimane, BeniMellal, Morocco

K. Ouzaouit REMINEX research center, Groupe Managem, Marrakech/Medina,Morocco

Somnath Pal School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Sudipta Pal Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department ofHuman Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar,West Tripura, India

Sukanchan Palit Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleumand Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Rashmi Paliwal Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra, India

Niraj Singh Parihar Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University ofInformation Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India

Musarrat Parween Water Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies,Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Anju Patel Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University,Barabanki, India

Amulya A. Patil R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology Engineering,Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

xxxvi Contributors

Satish Patil Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Babasaheb AmbedkarMarathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

B. K. Paul Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, India

Hamid M. Pouran Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolver-hampton, Wolverhampton, UK

N. Priyadarshini Department of Chemistry, SSN College of Engineering,Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

Dunja Prokić Faculty of Environmental Protection, University Educons, SremskaKamenica, Serbia

R. C. Pullar Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Department ofPhysics, CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro,Portugal

P. N. Puniya Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Babasaheb AmbedkarMarathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Abdul Qadir College of Earth and Environmental Science (CEES), Faculty ofScience, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

R. M. S. Radin Mohamed Micro-Pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Departmentof Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia

Mirzanur Rahman Department of Information Technology (GUIST), GauhatiUniversity, Guwahati, India

A. Raj Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, I.G.K.V, Raipur, CG, India

A. L. Ramanathan School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univer-sity, New Delhi, India

Manviri Rani Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute ofTechnology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Nisha Rani Department of BioSciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla,India

T. E. Rasimphi Department of Ecology and Resource Management, University ofVenda, Thohoyandou, South Africa

Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Depart-ment of Water and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Johor,Malaysia

M. Rengasamy Department of Petrochemical Technology, Bharathidasan Instituteof Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Contributors xxxvii

Yahia Rharrabti Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Taza, Morocco

Jan W. Rijstenbil AE3 Consultancy, Yerseke, The Netherlands

Maria Romero-Gonzalez Department of Geography, University of Sheffield,Sheffield, UK

Michele S. G. Rosa Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul –PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

C. Rosin Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, del’environnement et du travail (Anses) Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Unitéévaluation des risques liés à l’eau, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France

Pankaj Kumar Roy School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Malabika Biswas Roy Women’s College, Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Anand Sagar Department of BioSciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla,India

Vipin K. Saini School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University,Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

Muhammad Shabery Sainudin Micro-Pollution Research Centre (MPRC),Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Envi-ronmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor,Malaysia

Junaid Saleem Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science andEngineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

Niloufar Salehi Energy Research Institute, Sharif University of Technology,Tehran, Iran

P. Sankar Ganesh Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, HyderabadCampus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Debanjan Sannigrahi Advanced Management Institute for Training and Achieve-ment (AMITA), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

A. K. Sannigrahi Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), Defence Researchand Development Organization, Balasore, India

Luis A. Sañudo-Fontaneda GICONSIME Research Group, University of Oviedo,Mieres, Asturias, Spain

Abhishek Saxena Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramswaroop MemorialUniversity, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

S. Sendilvelan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. M.G.R Educationaland Research Institute, University, Chennai, India

xxxviii Contributors

Philippe Serp Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR CNRS 8241,composante ENSIACET, Université de Toulouse, UPS-INP-LCC, Toulouse Cedex4, France

Muafia Shafiq College of Earth and Environmental Science (CEES), Faculty ofScience, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Biotechnology and Food Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore,Pakistan

Usman Bin Shahid Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science andEngineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

Apoorva Shankar R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology Engineering,Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Aparajita Shankar School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon Univer-sity, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

Uma Shanker Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute ofTechnology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Hardeep Rai Sharma Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

Kanu Shil Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Agartala,Tripura, India

J. P. Shrivastava Centre of Advanced Studies and Department of Geology,University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

Saurabh Shukla Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop MemorialUniversity, Lucknow, India

Zia Mahmood Siddiqi Jubail University College, Jubail Industrial City, SaudiArabia

Jin-Chung Sin Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineeringand Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

Poonam Singhal Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Instituteof Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India

Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, India

Sinosh Skariyachan R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology Engineering,Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Salah Souabi Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty ofSciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University – Hassan II, Mohammedia,Morocco

Contributors xxxix

Lekha Sridhar Consultant - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),New Delhi, India

Nataša Stojić Faculty of Environmental Protection, University Educons, SremskaKamenica, Serbia

Snežana Štrbac Faculty of Environmental Protection, University Educons,Sremska Kamenica, Serbia

Sumathi Suresh Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, IndianInstitute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Anushree Suresh Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences andTechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Swati School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi,India

Saul Taal Ministry of Agriculture/Research Institute, Banjul, Gambia

Hadi Tabani Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of AppliedSciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Vinod Tare Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India

Indu Shekhar Thakur School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal NehruUniversity, New Delhi, India

D. Tinarwo Department of Physics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, SouthAfrica

Lamin Mai Touray Department of Water Resources, Banjul, Gambia

A. Umamaheswari Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BharathidasanInstitute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

C. Veluchamy Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, Guwahati, India

School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus,Ridgetown, ON, Canada

G. Venkatesan Department of Civil Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute ofTechnology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Virendra Kumar Vijay Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IndianInstitute of Technology, New Delhi, India

Ali Vosoogh Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science andTechnology, Tehran, Iran

Wenqin Wang School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai, China

xl Contributors

A. N. Welfrad Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Waterand Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia

D. K. Yadav Department of Farm Forestry, Sarguja University, Ambikapur,Chhattisgarh, India

Kaan Yetilmezsoy Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of CivilEngineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Esenler, Turkey

Sherif A. Younis Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian PetroleumResearch Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR CNRS 8241, composante ENSIACET,Université de Toulouse, UPS-INP-LCC, Toulouse Cedex 4, France

A. Zeghnoun Agence nationale de santé publique 12 rue du Val d’Osne 94415,Saint Maurice Cedex, France

Mohamed Amine Zenasni Faculty of Technology, University Abou Bekr Belkaïdof Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

Contributors xli