HANDBOOK FOR 2020 · 2020. 10. 6. · “Leading Transformative and Innovative Health Sciences Education” MISSION “Developing Holistic Professionals responsive to Healthcare needs”

HANDBOOK FOR 2020

FACULTY of

HEALTH

SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT of

CHIROPRACTIC

What is a University of Technology? A university of technology is characterized by being research informed rather than

research driven where the focus is on strategic and applied research that can be

translated into professional practice. Furthermore, research output is commercialized

thus providing a source of income for the institution. Learning programmes, in which

the emphasis on technological capability is as important as cognitive skills, are

developed around graduate profiles as defined by industry and the professions.

NOTE TO ALL REGISTERED STUDENTS Your registration is in accordance with all current rules of the Institution. If, for

whatever reason, you do not register consecutively for every year/semester of your

programme, your existing registration contract with the Institution will cease. Your

re-registration anytime thereafter will be at the discretion of the institution and, if

permitted, will be in accordance with the rules applicable at that time.

IMPORTANT NOTICES The rules in this departmental handbook must be read in conjunction with the

General Rules (G Rules) contained in the Durban University of Technology (DUT)

General Handbook for Students as well as the relevant subject Study Guides. In

terms of process and procedure in dealing with student issues, your attention is

specifically drawn to Rule G1 (8). (Included w.e.f. 2004/01)

FACULTY of HEALTH SCIENCES

FACULTY VISION, MISSION, GOALS AND

VALUES (November 2012 for 2013-2018)

VISION “Leading Transformative and Innovative Health Sciences Education”

MISSION “Developing Holistic Professionals responsive to Healthcare needs”

through Excellence in:

Teaching and Learning

Research, Innovation and Engagement Fostering Entrepreneurship

VALUES

Professionalism (To work within regulatory frameworks of professional conduct. To maintain and

develop professional expertise and good work ethic.)

Integrity (To conduct ourselves with strong moral principles. To be honest and authentic. To

do what is ethical and just.)

Ubuntu (To treat people with respect, fairness, courtesy, politeness and kindness.)

Transparency (To conduct ourselves with openness and honesty through shared governance.)

Accountability (To accept responsibility for one’s actions.)

DEPARTMENTAL MISSION and GOALS

CHIROPRACTIC PROGRAMME

Vision Global Leaders in Chiropractic Education and Scholarship

Mission “Developing Chiropractors for Holistic Neuro-Musculoskeletal Health Care”

Through

1. Evidence-based Teaching and Learning

2. Innovative Research

3. Responsive Engagement and Collaboration with Communities

Values

Professionalism (To abide by professional and regulatory frameworks, ethics and good practices.)

Integrity (To demonstrate qualities of good character and honesty.)

Accountability (To be responsible and answerable for our choices, actions and behaviours.)

Transformation (Being able to adapt to change in an evolving healthcare system)

uBuntu (Respect, goodness and goodwill to all)

Chiropractic Cares

CONTENTS Page 1. DEPARTMENTAL AND FACULTY CONTACT

DETAILS 1

2. STAFFING 2

3. DEPARTMENTAL INFORMATION & RULES 3 3.1 Qualifications offered by the department … 3

3.2 Departmental Information…… 4

3.2.1 Academic Integrity …… 4

3.2.2 Code of conduct for students…… 4

3.2.3 Attendance 4

3.2.4 Health and Safety …… 4

3.2.5 Work Integrated Learning (WIL) …… 4

3.2.6 Student Appeals…… 4

4. CHIROPRACTIC PROGRAMME RULES 6 4.1 Registration …… 6

4.2 Work Done During the Year/Semester …… 6

4.3 Conduct of Student In Laboratory And Clinic …… 6

4.4 Student Conduct and Dress… 7

4.5 Examinations …… 7

4.6 Clinical Subjects… 7

4.7 Dissertations… 7

4.8 Clinic Manual… 7

4.9 Special Tests and Condonement…… 7

4.10 Student Appeals… 8

5. BACHELOR OF HEALTH SCIENCES : CHIROPRACTIC (BACHR1)

5.1 Purpose of the Programme 9

5.2 Learning Programme Structure… 9

5.3 Programme Information… 14

5.4 Programme Rules…… 15

5.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements… 15

5.4.2 Selection Criteria…… 15

5.4.3 Pass Requirements… 17

5.4.4 Re-registration Rules…… 17

5.4.5 Exclusion Rules…… 18

5.4.6 Interruption of Studies… 18

5.4.7 Work Integrated Learning Rules… 19

5.5 Subject Content… 19

6. BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY: CHIROPRACTIC

(BTCHR1) 6.1 Purpose of the Programme 20

6.2 Learning Programme Structure…… 20

6.3 Programme Information……… 20

6.4 Programme Rules………… 21

6.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements…… 21

6.4.2 Pass Requirements…… 21

6.4.3 Re-registration Rules… 22

6.4.4 Exclusion Rules………… 22


6.4.6 Work Integrated Learning Rule… 22


7. MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY: CHIROPRACTIC

(MTCHR1) 7.1 Purpose of the Programme 23

7.2 Learning Programme Structure……… 23

7.3 Programme Information…………... 23

7.4 Programme Rules………. 24

7.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements… 24

7.4.2 Pass Requirements…… 24

7.4.3 Re-registration Rules… 25

7.4.4 Exclusion Rules……. 25


7.4.6 Work Integrated Learning Rules 25


8. DOCTOR OF TECHNOLOGY: CHIROPRACTIC

(DTCHR1) 8.1 Purpose of the Programme …… 26

8.2 Learning Programme Structure …… 26

8.3 Programme Information… 26

8.4 Programme Rules… 26

8.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements …… 26

8.4.2 Re-registration Rules …… 26

8.4.3 Exclusion Rules …… 26

8.4.4 Interruption of Studies …… 27

11. SUBJECT CONTENT FOR ALL CHIROPRACTIC

PROGRAMME SUBJECTS 28

1. DEPARTMENTAL & FACULTY CONTACT DETAILS

All Department queries to:

Secretary: Ms Kershnee Pillay (Chiropractic)

Tel No: (031) 373 2094

Fax No: (031) 202 3632

Email:

[email protected] / [email protected]

Location of Department

Department of Chiropractic, Room DG2207,

Mansfield Site Area, Ritson Road Campus

All Faculty queries to:

Faculty Officer: Mrs F Mayisela

Tel No: (031) 373 2701

Fax No:

(031) 373 2407

Email:

[email protected]

Location: Health Sciences Faculty Office; Gate 8, Steve

Biko Rd, Mansfield Site Area, Ritson Campus

Executive Dean:

Professor Sibiya

Executive Dean’s Secretary: Mrs Bilkish Khan

Tel No: (031) 373 2704

Fax No:

(031) 373 2620

Email:

[email protected]

Location: Executive Dean’s Office, DG 2208, Mansfield

Site Area, Ritson Campus

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2. STAFFING Name and Qualification

Chiropractic Department

Head of Department Dr L O’Connor, MTech: Chiropractic (DIT) (Acting)

Senior Lecturers Dr A Docrat, MTech: Chiropractic (TN)

Dr C Korporaal, MTech: Chiropractic (TN)

Lecturers Dr A Abdul-Rasheed, MTech: Chiropractic (DUT)

Dr C Prince, MTech: Chiropractic (DUT)

Dr D Varatharajullu, MTech: Chiropractic (DUT)

Dr Y Venketsamy, MTech: Chiropractic (DUT)

Clinic Staff

Mrs L Twiggs Mrs A Makhonda

Finance Administrator Mrs W Drake

Secretary Ms K Pillay, BTech Comm: Admin (MLS)

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3. DEPARTMENTAL INFORMATION & RULES

3.1. Qualifications offered by the department

Learning programmes are offered in this Department which will, upon

successful completion, lead to the award of the following qualifications. CHIROPRACTIC:

Qualification SAQA

Important Qualification NLRD

Code Time lines Number

ND: Chiropractic NDCHR1 72171

Will no longer

run in 2020

ND: Chiropractic (ECP) NDCHF1 72171

Will no longer

run in 2020

BTech: Chiropractic BTCHR1 72171

MTech: Chiropractic MTCHR1 72171

DTech: Chiropractic DTCHR1 72093

BHSc: Chiropractic BACHR1 101517 Approved

MHSc: Chiropractic Pending Pending

Awaiting

approval

Doctor of Chiropractic DRCHR1

NB: As indicated in the table above representing the Chiropractic qualifications, there is a single SAQA number assigned to all learning programmes below Master’s

level. There are no exit levels prior to the awarding of the Master’s degree. The only

other qualification that will be awarded in Chiropractic is the Master’s Degree in

Technology. This is in accordance with Professional Board requirements. Act 63 of

1982 (as amended), with particular reference to Regulations R629, Government

Gazette No 11221 of 31 March 1988.

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3.2 Departmental Information

3.2.1 Academic Integrity Please refer to the General Rules pertaining to academic integrity G13(1)(o).

These will be enforced wherever necessary to safeguard the worthiness of our

qualifications, and the integrity of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the DUT.

3.2.2 Code of Conduct for Students In addition to the General Rules pertaining to Student Conduct SR3 (3), a

professional code of conduct pertaining to behaviour, appearance, personal

hygiene and dress shall apply to all students registered with the Faculty of

Health Sciences, at all times. Conduct pertaining to a specific class,

laboratory or clinic at the University, as set by a Department, shall apply to

all students registered for the particular subject affected.

3.2.3 Attendance Students are encouraged to achieve 100% attendance for all planned

academic activities as these are designed to provide optimal support for the

required competency. Where absence is unavoidable, the student must

advise the department timeously of the reason. Only exceptional reasons will

be accepted for absence from guest lectures, industry or field trips. Poor

attendance records may lead to penalties.

3.2.4 Health and Safety Students must adhere to all Health and Safety regulations both while at

DUT, in the Departmental Clinics, in Community engagement events, and in

WIL placements. Failure to do so will be treated as a breach of discipline.

3.2.5 Work Integrated Learning (WIL) WIL or clinical practical work forms part of the programmes within the

Chiropractic programmes. In addition to Rule G28, the student must comply

with the rules and regulations as set out in the relevant environment where

placed.

3.2.6 Student Appeals Rule G1 (8) refers to: Any student wishing to appeal against: (a) the implementation of an Institutional Rule must do so in the first

instance to the relevant Head of Department; (b) the decision of a Head of Department must do so via the relevant

Executive Dean to the Faculty Board or a delegated Committee of The

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Faculty Board. The decision of the Faculty Board or a delegated

Committee of the Faculty Board is final and no further appeals will be

considered thereafter. (Amended w.e.f. 2009/01)

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4 CHIROPRACTIC PROGRAMME RULES Note these rules are applicable to all programmes within the Chiropractic Department.

4.1 Registration All registered students within the Chiropractic Department are required to

register annually as student chiropractors with the Allied Health Professions

Council of South Africa. This is required to be completed within two weeks

of registration as a student with the programme. This is a constituted

requirement of Act 63 of 1982 (as amended), with particular reference to

Regulations R629, Government Gazette No 11221 of 31 March 1988.

Consequences of failure to register could include non-registration as a

practitioner once the MTech: Chiropractic qualification is obtained. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

4.2 Work Done During the Year/Semester 1. The calculation of the year/semester mark for each subject for the

purpose of issuing a certificate in terms of Rule G12 is indicated with

the syllabus of each subject (Section11). 2. In addition to the general requirements for a year/semester mark as

stipulated in Rule G12, the requirements of G12 (2) shall include: (i) Adequate attendance at lectures, tutorials, practical’s and clinical

sessions. Lecturers are under no obligation to repeat learning

sessions or provide learning materials missed as a result of student

absenteeism. (ii) The compulsory attendance at all functions, organized outings and

educational tours arranged by the Department (any cost

involvement will be the responsibility of the student). (Amended w.e.f. 2004/01)

4.3 Conduct of Student in Laboratory and Clinic Rules of conduct pertaining to a specific laboratory, as instituted by the Head

of a Department, shall apply to all students registered for the particular

subject. Similarly the rules pertaining to the Chiropractic Day Clinic as set

out in the Clinic Manual or by official notice shall apply to all students

completing WIL in the Clinic. (Amended w.e.f. 95/01)

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4.4 Student Conduct and Dress Students must at all times conduct themselves as future professionals and

dress accordingly. Students shall adhere to specific instructions by a Head of

Department regarding specific conduct or attire required during practical

and clinic sessions (for specific rules please refer to the relevant Study Guide

or Clinic Manual). (Amended w.e.f. 95/01)

4.5 Examinations 1. The examination in each subject shall consist of the theory and/or

practical and/or oral examinations as indicated with the syllabus of each

subject published in this handbook (Section11). 2. The calculation of the final mark shall be according to Rule G12 and G13

except where the rules for a particular programme state otherwise. (Amended w.e.f. 1995/01)

4.6 Clinical Subjects Only students registered with the Chiropractic Department may register for

subjects offered by the Programme, except where such subjects are also part

of the homoeopathic curriculum. (Amended w.e.f. 1998/01)

4.7 Dissertations On submitting the bound copies of their research dissertation to the Faculty

Research Officer, students shall at the same time hand to the Officer an

abstract. (Included w.e.f. 2000/01)

4.8 Clinic Manual The rules and guidelines of the Clinic Manual are binding on all persons

referred to therein. (Included w.e.f. 1996/01)

4.9 Special Tests and Condonement A special test may be granted by the relevant service or programme Head of

Department / Head of Programme, to a student who has been prevented

from taking a test: 1. by illness on the day of the test or immediately before it, provided that he/she

submits a medical certificate on the form prescribed by the University, on

which a medical practitioner, registered by the Health Professions Council of

South Africa, homoeopath or chiropractor registered with The Allied Health

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Professions Council of South Africa, specifies the nature and duration of

the illness and that for health reasons it was impossible or undesirable for

the student to sit for the test, and that he/she submits such certificate to

the lecturer/s concerned on the day as determined by the practitioner that

the student should return to lectures immediately following such illness; or 2. by circumstances which in the opinion of the Head of Department /

Head of Programme were beyond his/her control at the time of the

test provided that satisfactory evidence of such circumstances is

provided. Such circumstances shall not include: (i) any misinterpretation by him/her of the date, time or venue of the test;

(ii) transportation difficulties. In addition the Head of Department / Head of Programme may grant a

special test to students with borderline academic results. The special

test may take the form of an oral test, may be set at the end of the

period of registration, and may include a wider scope of work than the

original test. A student who qualifies for a special test granted for

borderline academic results, but fails to write it, or achieves lower than

their original results, shall be awarded their original results. Any student who misses an assessment and who does not qualify for a

special test, and any student who qualifies for a special test but fails to

write it, shall be awarded a zero mark for the missed assessment. For the purpose of this rule “test” shall mean any written or oral test

or practical, set for the purposes of determining or contributing

towards a semester or year mark for the subject, and shall include tests

set for subjects which are evaluated by continuous evaluation. (Amended w.e.f. 2003/01)

4.10 Student Appeals In terms of process and procedure in dealing with student issues, your

attention is specifically drawn to Rule G1 (8).

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5. BACHELORS IN HEALTH SCIENCES:

CHIROPRACTIC (BACHR1)

5.1 Purpose of the Programme

Successful completion of the ND: Chiropractic shall allow diploma status but

no diploma will be awarded or issued nor will the holder be able to register as

a chiropractor. This is a constituted requirement of the Allied Health

Professions Act 63 of 1982 (as amended). Consequences of failure to comply

with this requirement could include non-registration as a practitioner once the

MTech: Chiropractic qualification is obtained. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

5.2. Learning Programme - Structure

Study Module title

HESQ Module SAQA

C or E

Pre-requi Co-Requis

Period F site ite code Credit

(SP)

Level

Year 1 Gross Anatomy IA 6 ANGR111 8 C -- --

Semester 1 Year 1 Gross Anatomy IB 6 ANGR121 8 C -- --

Semester 2 Year 1 Histology 6 HIST111 12 C PHGY111 PHGY121

Semester 2 Year 1 Physiology IA 5 PHGY111 16 C -- --

Semester 1 Year 1 Physiology IB 5 PHGY121 8 C -- CHHC113

Semester 2 Year 1 Chemistry 5 CHHC103 12 C -- --

Semester 2 Year 1 Physics 101 5 PHYS111 8 C -- --

Semester 1 Year 1 Physics 201 5 PHYS121 8 C -- --

Semester 2 Year 1 Biological sciences 5 BIOS101 16 C -- --

Semester 1 Year 1 Chiropractic 6 CPPR111 8 C ANGR111 ANGR121 Semester 2 Principles and PHGY111 PHGY121

Practice I Year 1 Philosophy and 6 PAHM101 12 E -- -- Semester 1 History of

Medicine

OR CSIC101

Contemporary

Social Issues in SA Year 1 Cornerstone 6 CSTN101 12 C -- --

Semester 1

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Year 1 Cultural diversity 5 CLDV101 8 E CSTN101 --

Semester 2 OR

ICTL101

Information and

Communication

Technology

Literacy and Skills Year 1 Issues of Gender 5 IGSH101 12 E -- -- Semester 1 and Society within

Health Care

Or IZHP101

isiZulu for Health

Care Professionals

I Total Year one 148

credits

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HESQ

SAQA Pre-requisit Co-Requis

Study Module title Module Credit

e ite F C or E

Period code for the

Level

module

Year 2 Diagnostic Imaging 6 DGNT221 8 C -- ANGR221

Semester 2 I Year 2 Gross Anatomy 6 ANGR201 16 C ANGR111 --

Semester 1 II ANGR121

Year 2 Physiology IIB 6 PHGY201 8 C PHGY111 --

Semester 2 PHGY121 Year 2 Physiology IIA 6 PHGG201 16 C PHGY111 --

Semester 1 PHGY121 Year 2 Biochemistry 6 BCHY201 8 C CHHC113 --

Semester 1 Year 2 Immunology, 6 EPIP201 16 C PHGY111 -- Semester 1 Parasitology and PHGY121

Communicable BLGY103

Diseases Year 2 General Pathology 6 GEPA201 8 C PHGY111 PHGG201 Semester 2 PHGY121

PHGY201

Year 2 Chiropractic 6 CPPR211 12 C CPPR111 ANGR201 Semester 1 Principles and ANGR111

Practice II ANGR121 Year 2 Clinical Anatomy 6 ANGR221 16 C ANGR111 --

Semester 2 ANGR121 Year 2 Sociology 7 SLST211 12 E -- -- Semester 2 OR

Leadership and

supervisory

LDSD101

development Year 2 Hands with 5 HSWM101 8 E -- -- Semester 2 meaning / /

Introduction to INSL101

sign language

OR VWKP101

Values in the

workplace Total Year two 128

credits

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Study Module title HESQ

Module SAQA C or E

Pre-requisit Co-Requis

F e ite Period

code Credit

Level

Year 3 Diagnostics IA 7 DINT311 12 C ALL 1ST AND SYPA311 Semester 1 2

ND YEAR

MODULES Year 3 Diagnostics IB 7 DINT321 12 C -- SYPA321

Semester 2 Year 3 Systemic 7 SYSP311 12 C -- DINT311

Semester 1 Pathology IA Year 3 Systemic 7 SYSP321 12 C -- DINT321

Semester 2 Pathology IB Year 3 Psychopathology 7 PPTH301 8 C SLST211 --

Semester 1 Year 3 Clinical 7 CCHB301 12 C DINT311 SYPA 321 Semester 2 Chiropractic and DINT321

Biomechanics I Year 3 Diagnostic Imaging 7 DGNT331 12 C DINT311 DINT321

Semester 2 II Year 3 Chiropractic 7 CPPR311 12 C -- DINT311 Semester 1 Principles and

Practice IIIA Year 3 Chiropractic 7 CPPR321 12 C -- DINT321 Semester 2 Principles and CCHB301

Practice IIIB Year 3 Myofascial and 7 MYAT311 12 C DINT311 DINT321 Semester 2 Adjunctive CCHB301

Therapies I Year 3 HIV and 6 HCDK101 8 E -- DINT311 Semester 1 communicable

diseases TENE101

OR

Entrepreneurial

edge Year 3 Reflections on 6 RQTH101 8 E -- -- Semester 1 Quantitative

Thinking or EQDV101

Equality and

Diversity Total Year three 132

credits

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Study Module title HESQF Module SAQA C or E

Pre-requi Co-Requisit

Period

Level code Credit site e

Year 4 Diagnostics 8 DINT411 12 C DINT321 -- Semester 1 IIA SYPA321

CPPR321

Year 4 Diagnostics 8 DINT421 12 C DINT411 -- Semester 2 IIB Year 4 Public and 8 PCOH101 8 C DINT321 -- Semester 2 Community

Health

Year 4 Chiropractic 8 CPPR411 12 C DINT321 -- Semester 1 Principles and CCH301

Practice IVA CPPR321

Year 4 Chiropractic 8 CPPR421 12 C CPPR411 -- Semester 2 Principles and

Practice IVB

Year 4 Myofascial 8 MYAT411 12 C DINT321 -- Semester 1 and CCHB301

Adjunctive CPPR321

Therapies II

Year 4 Clinical 8 CLNT411 8 C DINT321 -- Semester 1 Nutrition Year 4 Clinical 7 PHRM411 8 C DINT321 --

Semester 2 Pharmacology Year 4 Research 8 RMBE411 8 C -- -- Semester 1 Methods and

Bioethics

Year 4 Clinical 8 CCHB411 12 C CCHB301 -- Semester 1 Chiropractic CPPR321

and

Biomechanics

IIA

Year 4 Clinical 8 CCHB421 12 C CCHB411 -- Semester 2 Chiropractic

and

Biomechanics

IIB

Year 4 Diagnostic 8 DGNT141 8 C DINT321 --

Semester 2 Imaging III

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Year 4 International 8 IPPH411 12 E -- -- Semester 2 perspectives

and practices

of health care

systems

OR

CLMA101

Clinical

Mentoring

and

Assessment

Total credits Year four 136

Total credits BACHR1 544

In addition to DUT rules G14* and G16*, the following rules shall apply:

Students must pass all pre-requisite modules before he/she is admitted to the

next level. Notwithstanding the above, please refer to Tables above.

5.3 Programme Information

Assessment and Moderation Certain subjects in this programme do not have a final examination. The

results for these subjects are determined through a weighted combination of

assessments. As such, there are no supplementary examinations. Students

are encouraged to work steadily through the period of registration in order

to achieve the highest results possible. Assessment details are listed under

each subject at the back of this handbook (Section11). Moderation follows

the DUT requirements.

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5.4 Programme Rules

5.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements

In addition to Rule G7, persons applying for this qualification must be over

17 years of age, physically fit, and in possession of either a National Senior

Certificate (NSC) or Senior Certificate (SC). In addition, the following

requirements must be met. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01)

NSC Senior NC(V)

Certificate

COMPULSORY SUBJECTS Rating HG SG

English (1st Additional language) 4 D B 70%

Mathematics 4 D B 70%

Life Orientation 4 - - -

Biology/Life Sciences AND/OR 4 D B 70%

Physical Sciences

Another two 20 credit subjects 4 - - -

(only one of the two can be another language) No more than 2 languages at the - D B -

senior certificate level

These requirements are in line with the requirements of the Allied Health

Professions Council as per Act 63 of 1982 (as amended).

Admission requirements based on Work Experience,

Age and Maturity; and Recognition of Prior Learning

The DUT general rules G7 (3), and G7 (8) respectively, will apply. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01)

Admission of International students

The DUT’s Admissions Policy for International Students and General Rules

G4 and G7 (5) will apply.

5.4.2. Selection Criteria In accordance with Rule G5, acceptance into the programme is limited to 35

places. As more qualifying applications are received than can be

accommodated, the following selection process will determine placement in

the programme:

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All applicants must apply through the Central Applications Office (CAO).

Initial shortlisting for selection is based on the applicant’s academic

performance in Grade 12 (Grade 11, or Grade 12 trial marks, will be used

for current matriculants).

Shortlisted applicants will be invited to undergo placement testing.

Shortlisted applicants will be invited for an interview. Provisional acceptance is given to selected applicants awaiting National

Senior Certificate (NSC) results. If the final Grade 12 NSC results do not

meet the minimum entrance requirements, this provisional acceptance will

be withdrawn. Final selection for placement will be based on results in the SC / NSC and

DUT placement tests. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01)

Selection will be based on a ranking determined as follows: ASSESSMENT Outcome WEIGHTING

(%)

Results of the National Senior

Certificate / Average of percentages for 45

Senior Certificate subjects

National Certificate

(Vocational) Assignment Percentage awarded to 20

assignment Interview Percentage awarded to 35

interview

100

• Selected applicants will be placed into the four-year degree. • Provisional / conditional acceptance is given to selected applicants awaiting

National Senior Certificate (NSC) and National Certificate Vocational

(NCV) results. If the final Grade 12 NSC or NCV results do not meet the

minimum entrance requirements, this provisional / conditional acceptance

will be automatically withdrawn.

As per the Act 63 of 1982, within two weeks of registration with the

Chiropractic Department, students are required to register as student

chiropractors with the AHPCSA in terms of the Allied Health Professional Act,

1982 (Act 63 of 1982) (Regulation R629, Government Gazette No 11221 of 31

March 1988). The registration will be facilitated by the department.

Successful completion of the BHSc: Chiropractic does not entitle the graduate

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to register with the AHPCSA or practice as a Chiropractor. The minimum

qualification for registration is the MHSc: Chiropractic.

5.4.3 Pass Requirements In addition to rules, G12 (1)*, G12 (9)*, G12 (10)*, G13 (1) (b)*, G13 (2)*

and G14 (2)* the following departmental rules shall apply whilst the students

are encouraged to apply themselves to their learning, and strive for the best

academic results possible in order to adequately prepare themselves for

their future careers, and to maximize possible employment opportunities.

Where multiple methods of assessment are used, sub-minimums of 50 %

shall apply to the theory component(s), oral component(s), Objective

Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE’s), practical components of

examinations and the year / semester mark, as applicable:

This subminimum rule is outlined in the section below:

Year Mark Examination Mark

Theory (test average 50% Theory papers (all papers 50%

combined) individually)

Practical (test average 50% Practical papers (all papers 50%


OSCE 50% OSCE 50%

Viva voce (oral 50% Viva voce (oral 50%

examination) examination)

Competency 50% (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01)

5.4.4 Re-registration Rules In accordance with the DUT Rule G23B (2)* and Rule G23B (3)*, the

minimum duration of study is four (4) years, including any periods of clinical

practice and the maximum duration will be six (6) years of registered study,

including any periods of clinical practice. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01).

Any student failing a third level subject, is required in the year in which the

subject/s are repeated, to complete a Continuous Clinical Practicum

evaluations in Diagnostics IA and IB, Systemic Pathology IA and IB, Clinical

Chiropractic and Biomechanics I, Chiropractic Principles and Practice IIIA

and IIIB and Myofascial and Adjunctive Therapies I. This Continuous Clinical

Practicum evaluation at minimum will constitute four (4) evaluations during

the year, one in each quarter. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01).

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Any student failing a fourth level subject, is required in the year in which the

subject/s are repeated, to complete a Continuous Clinical Practicum

evaluations in Diagnostics IIA and IIB, Clinical Chiropractic and Biomechanics

II, Chiropractic Principles and Practice IVA and IVB and Myofascial and

Adjunctive Therapies II. This Continuous Clinical Practicum evaluation at

minimum will constitute four (4) evaluations during the year, one in each

quarter. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01).

5.4.5 Exclusion Rules A first-year student who fails SEVEN (7) or more of the modules for which she / he is registered in the first year with a final mark of less than 50% in each of

these modules, will not be permitted to re-register / register in the

Chiropractic Department irrespective of whether the modules where

completed whilst the student was registered with the Department of

Chiropractic or in any other programmes offering similar modules.

Notwithstanding this, de-registration from any module is module to the

provisions of Rule G6 (2)*. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01).

In addition to Rule G16*, the following programme rules apply: A student shall not be allowed to register for any module, which has an

associated Clinical Practical Component, in the third year of the BHSc:

Chiropractic if he/she has not completed an accredited course in First Aid, as

approved by the Head of Department. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01).

5.4.6 Interruption of Studies In accordance with Rule G21A(b), the minimum duration for this programme will

be four (4) years of registered study and the maximum duration will be five (5) years of registered study, including any periods of WIL. Should a student

interrupt their studies by more than three (3) years, the student will need to

apply to the department for permission to reregister and will need to prove

currency of appropriate knowledge prior to being given permission to

continue with registration. (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01).

-18-

5.4.7 Work Integrated Learning Rules The compulsory clinical practice component of this programme comprises:

5.4.7.1 Scheduled attendance at the Chiropractic Day Clinic and completion

of the clinical practical for Clinical Chiropractic and Biomechanics. This

needs to be performed in accordance with the Clinic Manual and Clinical

Chiropractic and Biomechanics module study guide.

5.4.7.2 Attendance at the Chiropractic Day Clinic and completion of the

Observer Programme as outlined in the Clinic Manual and the module study

guides. Students who have not completed the observer programme will not

be allowed entry into the examinations for Clinical Chiropractic and

Biomechanics II.

Students must at all times conduct themselves as future professionals and

dress accordingly. Students shall adhere to specific instructions by a Head of

Department / Head of Programme regarding specific conduct or attire

required during practical and clinic sessions (for specific rules please refer to

the relevant Study Guide or Clinic Manual). (Amended w.e.f. 2020/01).

5.5 Subject Content The syllabus for each subject indicated in the instructional programme above

is published at the end of this handbook, in alphabetical order (Section11).

-19-

6 BACHELORS DEGREE IN TECHNOLOGY:

CHIROPRACTIC (BTCHR1)

6.1 Purpose of the Programme Successful completion of this qualification shall allow degree status but no degree will

be awarded or issued nor will the holder be able to register as a Chiropractor. As

this is a constituted requirement of Act 63 of 1982 (as amended). Consequences of

failure to comply with this requirement could include non-registration as a

practitioner once the M.Tech: Chiropractic qualification is obtained. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05).

6.2 Learning Programme - Structure Code Subjects Assessment Year of NATED

Study Credits

DIGN401 Diagnostics IV E 4 0.250

CBKI402 Clinical Biomechanics and E 4 0.125

Kinesiology IV

CLCH401 Clinical Chiropractic IV E 4 0.200

CHPP401 Chiropractic Principles E 4 0.200

and Practice IV

RDLG401 Radiology IV CA 4 0.125

RMCH102 Research Methods and CA 4 0.100

Techniques I


Work Integrated Learning (WIL) The compulsory WIL component of this programme comprises attendance

at the Chiropractic Day Clinic for the observer programme as outlined in

the Clinic Manual in order to complete the subject Clinical Chiropractic IV. (Included w.e.f. 1996/01)

Assessment and Moderation Certain subjects in this programme do not have a final examination. The results

for these subjects are determined through a weighted combination of

assessments. As such, there are no supplementary examinations. Students are

encouraged to work steadily through the period of registration in order to

achieve the highest results possible. Assessment details are listed under each

subject at the back of this handbook. Moderation follows the DUT requirements.

-20-

6.4 Programme Rules

6.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements

A ND: Chiropractic / ND: Chiropractic (ECP), completed in the year

preceding admission into the B.Tech: Chiropractic. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

These requirements are in line with the requirements of the Allied Health Professions Council as per Act 63 of 1982 (as amended). Mature age applications and applications via the recognition of prior learning follow the guidelines and processes as set forth in the DUT rules and guidelines for the respective application processes (General Rules G7 (3)).

For the admission of international students, DUT’s Admissions Policy for

International Students and General Rules G4 and G7 (5) will apply. (Amended

w.e.f. 2006/05)

6.4.2 Pass Requirements

Notwithstanding the DUT pass requirements (G14 and G15), and those

detailed as follows, students are encouraged to apply themselves to their

learning, and strive for the best academic results possible in order to

adequately prepare themselves for their future careers, and to maximize

possible employment opportunities.

The final mark will be made up of 50% of the examination mark and 50% of the year semester mark.

Where multiple methods of assessment are used, sub-minimums of 50% shall

apply to the theory component(s), oral component(s), Objective Structured

Clinical Examinations (OSCE’s), practical components of examinations and

the year / semester mark, as applicable:




Practical (test average 50% Practical papers (all papers 50%


OSCE 50% OSCE 50%

Viva voce (oral 50% Viva voce (oral examination) 50%

examination)

Competency 50%

(Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)



-21-

6.4.3 Re-registration Rules In addition to Rule G16, the following programme rules apply: Any student failing a fourth level subject, is required in the year in which the

subject/s are repeated to complete a Continuous Clinical Practicum evaluation in

Diagnostics IV, Clinical Chiropractic IV, Chiropractic Principles and Practice IV

and Clinical Biomechanics and Kinesiology IV. This Continuous Clinical Practicum

evaluation at minimum will constitute four evaluations during the year, one in each quarter.


6.4.4 Exclusion Rules Please refer to Rule G17.

6.4.5 Interruption of Studies In accordance with Rule G23 A(a), the minimum duration for this programme

will be one (1) year of registered study and the maximum duration will be two (2) years of registered study, including any periods of WIL. Should a student


apply to the department for permission to re-register and will need to prove


continue with registration. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

6.4.6 Work Integrated Learning Rules The rules and expected outcomes are outlined in the Clinic Manual. (Amended w.e.f. 1996/01)


is published at the end of this handbook, in alphabetical order (Section 11).

-22-

7 M.TECH: CHIROPRACTIC

7.1 Purpose of the Programme Only successful completion of this qualification shall allow degree status to

be awarded or issued, such that the holder be able to register as a

Chiropractor. As this is a constituted requirement of Act 63 of 1982 (as

amended). Consequences of failure to comply with this requirement could

include non-registration as a practitioner once the M.Tech: Chiropractic

qualification is obtained. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05).

7.2 Learning Programme – Structure

Year NATED

Code Subjects Assessment of

Credits Study

CBKI501 Clinical Biomechanics and E 5 0.125

Kinesiology V

CLCH501 Clinical Chiropractic V E 5 0.250 CHPP501 Chiropractic Principles and Practice E 5 0.100

V RPLX512 Research project and dissertation CA 5 0.500

(1st registration) RPLX522 Research project and dissertation CA 5

(Successive registration) PMJU501 Practice Management and E 5 0.025

Jurisprudence V


Work Integrated Learning (WIL) The compulsory WIL component of this programme comprises attendance

at the Chiropractic Day Clinic for the clinical practical as outlined in the

Clinic Manual for Clinical Chiropractic V. (Included w.e.f. 1996/01)

Assessment and Moderation Certain subjects in this programme do not have a final examination. The results

for these subjects are determined through a weighted combination of

assessments. As such, there are no supplementary examinations. Students are

encouraged to work steadily through the period of registration in order to

achieve the highest results possible. Assessment details are listed under each

subject at the back of this handbook. Moderation follows the DUT requirements.

-23-

7.4 Programme Rules

7.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements B.Tech: Chiropractic, obtained in the year preceding admission to the M.Tech: Chiropractic. (Amended w.e.f. 2004/01)

These requirements are in line with the requirements of the Allied Health

Professions Council as per Act 63 of 1982 (as amended). Mature age

applications and applications via the recognition of prior learning follow the

guidelines and processes as set forth in the DUT rules and guidelines for the

respective application processes (General Rules G7 (3)). (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05).

For the admission of international students, DUT’s Admissions Policy for

International Students and General Rules G4 and G7 (5) will apply. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

7.4.2 Pass Requirements Notwithstanding the DUT pass requirements (G14 and G15), and those

detailed as follows, students are encouraged to apply themselves to their

learning, and strive for the best academic results possible in order to

adequately prepare themselves for their future careers, and to maximize

possible employment opportunities.

Any student failing a fifth year subject is required in the year in which the

subject/s is/are repeated to complete a Continuous Clinical Practicum

evaluation in Clinical Chiropractic V, Chiropractic Principles and Practice V

and Clinical Biomechanics and Kinesiology V. This Continuous Clinical

Practicum evaluation at minimum will constitute 4 evaluations during the

year, one in each quarter. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

The final mark will be made up of 50% of the examination mark and 50% of

the year/semester mark. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

-24-

Where multiple methods of assessment are used, sub-minimums of 50% shall

apply to the theory component(s), oral component(s), Objective Structured

Clinical Examinations (OSCE’s), practical components of examinations and

the year / semester mark, as applicable:



combined) individually) Practical (test average 50% Practical papers (all papers 50%


OSCE

50% OSCE 50%

Viva voce (oral examination) 50% Viva voce (oral examination) 50%

Competency 50%

7.4.3 Re-registration Rules Please refer to Rule G16.

7.4.4 Exclusion Rules Please refer to Rule G17.

7.4.5 Interruption of Studies In accordance with Rule G24, the minimum duration for this programme will

be one (1) year of registered study and the maximum duration will be three

(3) years of registered study, including any periods of WIL. Should a student


apply to the department for permission to reregister and will need to prove


continue with registration. (Amended w.e.f. 2006/05)

7.4.6 Work Integrated Learning Rules The expected outcomes as well as the supporting rules and regulations are

outlined in the Clinic Manual. (Amended w.e.f. 1996/01)


is published at the end of this handbook, in alphabetical order (Section 11). -25-

8 Doctor of Chiropractic (DRCHR1)

8.1 Purpose of the Programme Successful completion of this qualification shall allow degree status but this will not

have any effect on the registered status of the Chiropractor as this is an additional

degree beyond the minimum required to be able to register as a Chiropractor. As

this is a constituted requirement of Act 63 of 1982 (as amended).

8.2 Learning Programme Structure Year

Assessment SAQA /

Code Module of NATED Pre-requisites Co-requis

Study Type Credits DRCHR1 Dissertation 2 External 360 None None

Examination

8.3 Programme Information This full research qualification is aligned to Rule G25 and G26 and the

guidelines in the Post Graduate Student Handbook. This 360 credit

qualification is offered at the SAQA NQF Level 10.

Assessment and Moderation Post graduate assessment will be aligned to Postgraduate Policies and

Guidelines. Please refer to Rule G25 (4) and the Postgraduate Student Handbook.

8.4 Programme Rules

8.4.1 Minimum Admission Requirements In addition to Rule G25 (1), persons must be in possession of an M. Tech:

Chiropractic Degree, or have been granted status or advanced standing

according to Rule G10. Please also refer to the Postgraduate Student

Handbook.

8.4.2 Re-registration Rules Please refer to Rule G26 (5) and the Postgraduate Student Handbook.

8.4.3 Exclusion Rules Please refer to Rules G25 (2) (b; c(ii)) in the General Student Handbook; and

the Postgraduate Student Handbook.

-26-

8.4.4 Interruption of Studies

In accordance with Rule G25 (2), the minimum duration for this programme will

be two (2) years of registered study and the maximum duration will be four (4) years of registered study. Should a student interrupt their studies by

more than three (3) years, the student will need to apply to the department

for permission to reregister and will need to prove currency of appropriate

knowledge prior to being given permission to continue with registration.

Please refer to the Postgraduate Student Handbook.

-27-

11. SUBJECT CONTENT: CHIROPRACTIC

NB: Students are to read this section in conjunction with the relevant study

guides.

BIOCHEMISTRY (BACHR1 : BCHY201)

Contact time (hours per week) Theory Practical

Assessment : Average of tests calculated separately for theory and practical components of the

subjects

Pass requirements: subminima Year Mark 50%

Examination Mark 50%

Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Theory : Collagen, Amino acids and peptides, Proteins, Haemoglobin, Enzymes,

Biological oxidation, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Membranes, Metabolism of nucleotides

and nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis and the genetic code, Amino acid

metabolism, Nutrition Practicals : Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and metabolism processes.

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (BACHR1 : BIOS101)

Contact time (hours per week) Theory

Practical

Assessment Average of tests calculated separately for theory and practical components of the

subjects



Final Mark 50%

-28-

Topics Covered MODULE 1: A VIEW OF LIFE : AIM: To introduce the student to the fields of biology and Microbiology as a science. Topics: Fundamental concepts of biology, Scientific

method, Introduction to microbiology – history and scope, Biological important

compounds. MODULE 2: STRUCTURE OF THE EUKARYOTE : AIM: To revise the

general cell theory and to acquaint the student with the diversity of cells forms and sizes.

The process of photosynthesis is used as an example of cell physiology and the

corresponding cellular adaptations. Topics: Cell theory, Prokaryote cells, Eukaryote cells,

Plant tissues. MODULE 3: MICROBIAL NUTRITION, GROWTH AND CONTROL :

AIM: To acquaint the student with the requirements for microbial nutrition, To acquaint

the student with the basic microbial requirements for growth, To acquaint the student as

to how microbial growth can be controlled. Topics: Microbial Nutrition, Microbial

Growth, Control of microbial growth. MODULE 4: GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT :

AIM: To acquaint the student with the cellular and biochemical bases for the inheritance

of characteristics, the mechanism of this inheritance, and its expression from generation

to generation; To acquaint the student with the basics for genetic disorders and

application of genetics in current medical practice. Topics: DNA and genetic information,

Gene expression, Embryonic development in animals, Reproduction in eukaryote cells,

Mendelian genetics. MODULE 5: ORIGIN OF LIFE : AIM: To acquaint the student with

modern theories of the origin and early evolution of life, To acquaint the student with the

currently accepted taxonomic system for the classification of life forms. Topics: Origin of

life, Classification of organisms. MODULE 6: VIRUSES : AIM: To attempt to relate

classification to the simplest life forms: the viruses, To help students understand how

viruses replicate and how viral infection can be controlled. Topics: Viruses are particles,

Classification of viruses, Viral replication. MODULE 7: BACTERIA : AIM: To provide

students with an overview of bacterial structure, To show students the different modes

of bacterial reproduction, To group bacteria based on their nutrition requirements, To

fully understand the manner in which bacteria are classified. Topics: Bacterial structure,

Bacterial reproduction, Bacterial nutrition, Bacterial classification. MODULE 8:

PROTISTS : AIM: To provide students with an indication of the extent and diversity of the

protistan kingdom and its relationship with other eukaryote kingdoms. Topics: Origin of

Eukaryotes, Algae (Green, Brown, Golden-brown, Dinoflagelles, Euglenoids, Red Algae),

Protozoa (Amoeboids, Cilliates, Zooflagelletes, Sporozoa) . MODULE 9: FUNGI : AIM:

To acquaint students with the members of the kingdom Fungi, and how these organisms

interact with other eukaryote organisms. Topics: Nutrition, Structure, Growth,

Reproduction, Fungal classification, Symbiotic relationships of fungi. MODULE 10:

ANIMALS : AIM: To acquaint the student with the basic structure of animals, and

representative organisms of the animal kingdom. Topics: Classification of animals,

Multicellular animals, Tissue layers in animals, Bilaterally symmetrical animals, Animals

with pseudocoelom, Coelomate animals, Ancestors of chordates, Chordates.

The scope of microbiology is briefly described (but not practically

explored). Types and characteristics of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, rickettsias,

-29-

chlamydias, mycoplasms and viruses are described. General bacterial physiology is

described in terms of the effects of environmental conditions (e.g. heat therapy,

cryotherapy, chemotherapy and antibiotics). Pathogenesis, disease transmission and

disease-related micro-organisms are explained, compared and contrasted. Basic

principles of sterilization and disinfection are explained within a clinical context.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy are described. The factors determining the

major biomes are analysed theoretically. Energy flow through an ecosystem is

theoretically investigated. Simplified cycles of important nutrients are described.

Primary and secondary successions are analysed. The relationship between a

population and its environment is explored.

CHEMISTRY (BACHR1 : CHHC103)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The principles of general inorganic and physical chemistry are explained, interpreted and

applied under the following topics : INTRODUCTION : The role that chemistry plays

in our everyday life. Explain the term “chemistry”. Give examples of the application of

chemistry in everyday life. State and explain the general principles in the “scientific

method”. MEASUREMENTS : Write large and small numbers in scientific notation.

Apply the rules of significant figures to multiplication and division and addition and

subtraction. Convert between metric system of units that contain prefixes or by using

conversion factors. Define density and specific gravity and perform relevant calculations.

Explain how volume displacement is used to calculate density. ENERGY AND

MATTER : Describe the changes of state between solids, liquids and gases and calculate

the energy involved. Differentiate between the Calorie and the calorie. Convert between

the following energy units: J, cal, Kj, and kcal. Define and perform calculations using the

specific heat. Identify the physical state of substances. Explain and perform calculations for

: heat of fusion, sublimation, boiling, condensation and heat of vaporization. ATOMS

AND ELEMENTS : Differentiate between groups and periods in the periodic table.

Classify elements as metals, non-metals and metalloids.

-30-

Describe the structure of elements in terms of atoms and subatomic particles. State the

number of protons, neutrons, and electrons when given the atomic number and the mass

of an atom. Give the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the isotopes of an

element. Write the electron arrangement for the first 18 elements and use it to explain

the periodic law. Use the electron arrangement to explain periodic trends. Write

electron dot symbols for valence electrons. Distinguish between an atom, element, a

mixture and a compound. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous

mixtures. COMPOUNDS AND THEIR BONDS : Write the symbols of the simple

ions for the representative elements using the octet rule. Define the octet rule and name

the ions for elements in the periodic table. Describe the formation of an ionic bond and

covalent bond. Understand the difference between ionic and covalent bond using any

suitable example. Write formulas and names for ionic and covalent compounds. Identify

and list the formulae and names of compounds. Determine the polarity of a bond and a

compound using electro-negativity and VSEPR theory. Explain the concept of electro-

negativity and define the VSEPR theory with an aid of examples. CHEMICAL

REACTIONS AND QUANTITIES : Identify a change in a substance as a chemical or

physical change. Identify the properties of chemical and physical changes. Write a balanced

chemical equation. Write and balance chemical equations using several examples. Identify

different types of chemical reactions. Classify chemical reactions as combination,

displacement, decomposition and neutralization. Define the terms reduction and

oxidation. Define exothermic and endothermic reactions. Explain exothermic and

endothermic reactions and list factors that affect chemical reactions. Use Avogadro ’s

number to determine the number of particles in a given number of moles. Define the

concept of a mole. Perform calculations of atoms, molecules using Avogadro’s numbers.

Calculate the molar mass and interconvert between moles and grams of a substance.

Calculate the molar mass of elements and compounds. Calculate the moles or grams of

substances. GASES : Describe the kinetic theory of gases and the properties of gases.

Define the various gas laws ; Bolye’s, Charles’, Gay-Lussac’s and Dalton laws. Define the

pressure-volume, temperature –volume, temperature-pressure, volume- moles

relationships and partial pressure. SOLUTIONS : Define and distinguish between

solution, solute and solvent. Differentiate between electrolytes and non- electrolytes.

Define solubility and distinguish between a saturated and an unsaturated solution.

Describe the effect of temperature on solubility and factors that affect solubility. Calculate

percent concentration. Calculate the molarity of a solution and describe how dilution of

solutions is performed. Calculation of volumes of solutions in chemical reactions. Identify

a mixture as a solution, a colloid or a suspension and describe osmosis and dialysis.

ACIDS & BASES : Describe and name acids and bases. Differentiate between

Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acids and bases. Write equations for the

dissociation of strong and weak acids and bases. Define auto protolysis with examples.

The pH scale and calculations involving pH. Writing balanced equations for the reaction of

acids and bases. Define buffers and describe their role in maintaining pH of a solution.

NUCLEAR RADIATION : Describe alpha, beta & gamma radiation

-31-

and differentiate between radioactivity, radiation and radioisotope. Write equations

showing mass numbers and atomic numbers for radioactive decay. Describe how

radiation is measured. Calculation of half -life of a radioisotope. Describe the use of

radioisotopes in medicine. Define nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The principles of organic chemistry are explained, interpreted and applied in the following

areas : INTRODUCTION : Describe the role that organic chemistry plays in our

everyday life. Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Identify and

compare properties of organic and inorganic compounds. Obtain a list of properties of

common inorganic and organic compounds. Explain the bonding in organic compounds.

Explain the tetrahedral structure of carbon from number of valence electrons in C and H.

Define valence electrons and determine for C and H. Use the VSEPR theory to explain

the tetrahedral shapes of saturated hydrocarbons. Draw molecular models/or diagrams of

3-D representations of organic molecules. ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES :

Write the IUPAC names and structural formulae for the first ten alkanes and the first six

cycloalkanes. Draw and differentiate between expanded and condensed structures for

continuous chains. Write the geometric formula for cycloalkane. Write the IUPAC names

and structural formulae for alkanes and cycloalkanes with substituents. Recognize that an

alkane with 4 or more carbon atoms can have branching. Write the names and formulas

of compounds with alkyl and halo substituents. State the IUPAC Rules for naming of

alkanes with substituents from structures and vice versa. Identify the physical and

chemical properties and classify alkanes as gases or liquids. Identify the solubility and

density of alkanes and the relationship to their physical state. Explain the reactivity of

alkanes in terms of combustion and the generation of heat. Examine the case study of

hazardous materials. Explain the environmental note on crude oil showing the different fractions and how they

relate to properties. Classify organic molecules according to their functional group.

Define a functional group and shown how this can be used to classify groups of organic

compounds with similar properties. Explain the covalent bonding for the elements found

in organic compounds (C, H, N, O, S, and X). Identify the classes of organic compounds

with their characteristics and functional groups for :-alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, alcohols,

ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines and amides.

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS: Identify structural formulas for alkenes,

cycloalkenes, alkynes and aromatics and write their IUPAC and/or common names.

Identify functional groups and name alkenes and alkynes according to IUPAC rules and

some common names. Identify the structural formulae and names for cis- trans isomers.

Give the structural formulae and names for the organic products of addition reactions.

Draw the structural formulae of monomers that form a polymer or a three monomer

section of a polymer and give uses of everyday polymers products. Describe the bonding

in benzene and the naming and drawing of aromatic compounds. Explain the physical

properties of unsaturated hydrocarbons in terms of their molecular structure. Recognise

common alkenes and alkynes found in everyday life. Identify the different reactions :-

hydrogenation, hydration and

-32-

halogenation of alkenes and alkynes. Explain the chemical test to identify saturated and

unsaturated hydrocarbons. Identify common aromatic compounds used in everyday life

together with other functional groups attached e.g. aspirin. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

WITH OXYGEN AND SULPHUR: Identify, describe and differentiate the structures,

names, physical properties and reactions of the alcohols, ethers, thiols, aldehydes and

ketones. Recognise an organic compound given the structure and name it according to

the IUPAC system. Given a name, draw the structure of the associated alcohol. Classify

alcohols as either primary, secondary or tertiary. Given a structure of a simple ether or

thiol, recognize the structure and name it appropriately. Given the name of a simple ether

or thiol, draw the associated structure. Differentiate between alcohols ethers and thiols

and hydrocarbons, in terms of their physical properties such as boiling point and solubility

in water and non-polar substances. Draw the products formed and state the conditions

required for alcohols to undergo either dehydration or oxidation. Show how thiols can

undergo oxidation and name the product type formed. Differentiate between the

structure of an aldehyde or ketone by stating the name of the group to which the given

structure belongs. Given the structure of an aldehyde or ketone, and name it correctly

according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature. Given the name of an aldehydes or

ketone, draw the associated structure. Compare the boiling points of aldehydes and

ketones with other groups of organic compounds. State the difference in reactivity

between aldehydes and ketones when subjected to oxidizing conditions. Name the type

of compounds formed from the oxidation of ketones. Name and describe the chemical

tests that are used to identify and differentiate between aldehydes and ketones.

CARBOXYLIC ACID AND ESTERS: Draw the general formula to distinguish the

different bonds formed by the carbonyl group in carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones,

esters and amides. Use examples of organic compounds to illustrate the bonding of the

carbonyl carbon atom with other atoms to distinguish between the functional groups.

Draw the condensed structural formulae of carboxylic acids in different forms. Name

carboxylic acids according to IUPAC rules. Draw and name the aromatic carboxylic acids

with substituents. Recognize the common names and uses of some carboxylic acids.

Identify the physical properties of carboxylic acids. Compare the boiling point of

carboxylic acids with those of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones of similar masses.

Describe the solubility of carboxylic acids with water. Write the reaction equation for the

acidity and ionization of carboxylic acids. Explain and give the neutralization reaction of

carboxylic acids. Describe the formation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols and

define the term “Esterification”. Name the esters according to IUPAC rule and know

their condensed structural formulae. Identify the common names and flavours/odours of

some esters. Describe the acid and base hydrolysis of esters and write their respective

reaction equations. AMINES AND AMIDES : Write the condensed structural

formulae and classify amines as either 1o, 2o or 3o. Give the names of amines and

aromatic amines. Describe the physical properties of amines. Compare the boiling points

of amines with alcohols and hydrocarbons. Describe the solubility of amines with water.

Write the condensed structural formulae, names of reactants and

-33-

products for the reaction of amines with acids and bases. Write condensed structural

formula, formation and properties of amides. Given the structure, write the IUPAC and

common names of amides. Compare the physical properties of the different classes of

Amides. Write the reaction equations for the acid and base hydrolysis of amides.

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE I (BACHR1 : CPPR111)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered PRACTICAL : The requirements for palpation, in terms of the patient and the

practitioner have been understood. Hygiene (personal and technique related). Patient

interaction skills (doctor patient rapport). Professionalism (etiquette, empathy, cultural

sensitivity). Basic biomechanics related to static and motion palpation. Axes. Planes. The

implications of the incorrect procedures when palpating have been understood.

Indications, contra-indications and implications. The human torso of the patient has been

statically palpated, in terms of the musculature and osseous structures. The viscera of the

torso have been identified and correctly marked on the partner. Lungs, Heart – borders

and valves, Liver, Spleen, Gallbladder, Kidneys, Bladder, Ovaries, Appendix, Aorta, renal,

iliac vessels. Auscultation points at prominent diagnostic points. The use of simple case

presentations to highlight the clinical relevance of palpatory and surface anatomy in the

clinical setting. Examples (include but not limited to) : Myocardial infarction / angina,

Pneumothorax (stab victim / gun shot), Appendicitis, Gastric and duodenal ulcers, Ectopic

pregnancies, Cirrhosis of the liver (drug abuse, alcohol abuse). A reflective report on an

observed chiropractic patient consultation, including but not limited to: A description of

the initial impression of the patient, the chiropractor’s bedside manner, the various

components of the consultation, the patient’s condition and the treatment / management

employed.

-34-

THEORY : Chiropractic / medical sciences : The development of manipulation in

chiropractic, osteopathy and medicine is compared and contrasted. “Wellness” and its

integral relationship to chiropractic are described. The concepts of “Reductionism” and

“Holism” are compared and contrasted in the chiropractic and medical contexts. The

current debates on the future trends of chiropractic are analysed. The social and scientific

development of the chiropractic profession will be chronologically described with specific

emphasis on its historical development. The generalist and specialist schools of thought in

chiropractic are described and defended. The demographics of chiropractic patients is

described and related to the above.

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE II (BACHR1: CPPR1211)


Practical


subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The requirements for palpation, in terms of the patient and the practitioner have been

understood : Hygiene (personal and technique related), Patient interaction skills (doctor

patient rapport), Professionalism (etiquette, empathy, cultural sensitivity).The implications

of the incorrect procedures when palpating have been understood. Indications, contra-

indications and implication of performed procedures. Demonstrate and describe motion

palpation techniques and their theoretical basis - of the spine: The spine – cervical spine,

thoracic and lumbar spines, sacro-iliac joints and Theory related to movement patterns

and motion palpation parameters of the above joints. Demonstrate and describe static

and motion palpation techniques and their theoretical basis - of the extremities and TMJ :

Upper extremity – sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints, shoulder, elbow, and

joints of the wrist and hand; Lower extremity – hip, knee, and joints of the ankle and foot;

Thoracic cage; Theory related to movement patterns and motion palpation parameters of

the above joints. The extremities and TMJ of the patient have been statically palpated, in

terms of the osseous, ligamentous, muscular and other soft tissue structures. Musculature

: Relevant

-35-

upper extremity musculature. Relevant lower extremity musculature. Relevant TMJ

musculature. Neurovascular structures : Superficial neurovascular structures.

Ligamentous and osseous structures. Elementary case studies are discussed, and

effectively communicated. Examples (include but not limited to) : Sciatica,

Radiculopathy, Thoracic outlet syndrome. Basic Biomechanics: Demonstrate an

introductory knowledge of biomechanics of the head, neck, back, upper limb and

lower limb: Types of movements , Levers and moments, Planes, Axes. Spinal curves

and spinal loading : Load displacement, Hysteresis, Stiffness, Creep. Functional spinal

unit movement - describe the three joint complex for the cervical, thoracic, lumbar

and sacral regions as well as junctional areas. Describe and discuss the basic

development of human posture: Milestones in spinal development. Milestones in

extremity development. Describe common congenital anomalies and age related

changes. Describe and discuss the normal human posture in terms of postural

control (e.g. muscles) and alignment assessment (e.g. anterior, posterior). Describe

the effects of structural variants on human posture (e.g. hemipelvis). Describe the

effects of non-structural variants on normal human posture including but not limited

to: Hyper / hypo kyphosis, Hyper / hypo lordosis, Scoliosis, Flatback and Swayback.

Elements of postural assessment, such as history, observation and examination are

described in detail, with respect to: The sitting, standing, prone and supine

patient.The anterior, posterior and lateral evaluations of the patient. Introduction to

referred and radicular pain patterns. Define ergonomics and describe its relationship

to posture. Assess the impact of different ergonomic environments on posture.

Define specific nomenclature applicable to the human gait cycle. Define and describe

the gait cycle (walking and running) and all its components and stages. Identify and

explain abnormal gait (examples including but not limited to): Arthrogenic gait,

Antalgic gait. Perform postural, gait and palpatory assessments in a clinical setting.

Identify and define the various knowledge generation mechanisms as used in health

care. Identify and classify common research study designs utilised in health care.

Identify and implement appropriate database searches in order to retrieve selected

publications. Referencing techniques are consistently and accurately applied.

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE IIIA

(BACHR1: CPPR311)


Practical


subjects

Pass requirements: subminima

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Year Mark 50%


Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered THEORY AND PRACTICAL : Chiropractic terminology. The wellness and disease

paradigms in patient management. Chiropractic and osteopathic theories. Static palpation

of the spine and pelvis. (Review). Introduction to spinal and pelvic kinematics. Motion

palpation of the spine and sacroiliac joint. (Review). Static joint challenge, joint play and

end-joint analysis of the spine. (Review). The manipulable lesion. Types, characteristics

and effects of manipulation. Manipulation indications, contra-indications & complications. Basic adjusting skills (impulse, body-drop, recoil). An introduction to

the philosophy of science. Explain the specific role of the various muscles and joints

in the gait cycle (- Joint motion during running, Muscle activity during running)

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE IIIB

(BACHR1: CPPR321)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered THEORY AND PRACTICAL : The biopsychosocial paradigm in patient

management. Patient management. Rehabilitation principles and implementation.

Evidence informed practice. Postural assessment. Spinal manipulation indications,

contra-indications & complications. Advanced spinal adjusting skills (impulse, body-

drop, recoil). Explain the specific role of the various muscles and joints in the gait

cycle (Joint motion during running, Muscle activity during running). The effects of age,

disease, injury and misalignment on gait.

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE IVA -37-

(BACHR1: CPPR411)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered For the extremities (upper limb): Chiropractic management of the upper extremity

patient. Chiropractic and other manipulative techniques for the upper extremity.

Strapping, bracing and rehabilitation protocols . The pregnant patient. Paediatric

patient.

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE IVB

(BACHR1: CPPR421)


Practical


subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered For the extremities (lower limb): Chiropractic management of the lower extremity

patient. Chiropractic and other manipulative techniques for the lower extremity.

Strapping, bracing and rehabilitation protocols. Professionalism : Hallmarks/Virtues of a

profession. Professional and statutory councils. Sociology of chiropractic. Philosophy of

-38-

Chiropractic. Chiropractic and other manipulative techniques. Geriatrics : Common

diseases of the elderly that affect patient care, Exercise and rehabilitation focussing

on the specific needs of the elderly, Adjusting.

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE IV

(BTCHR1: CHPP401)

Contact time (hours per week) Theory 5

Practical 2

Assessment Theory Tests 16%

Practical Tests 24%

Examination 60%

The examination shall consist of one 3-hour theory paper and one 30 min practical

examination. A minimum of 100% of students will be moderated for the practical

examination



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered

1. THEORY The sociology of chiropractic. Hallmarks of a profession. Epidemiology and

demography of chiropractic patients. The scientific evidence of the effectiveness of

manipulation/adjustments. Clinical trials research methodology. Risk factors for low

back pain. Prevention of low back pain. Factors affecting the duration of work loss in

low back pain sufferers. Worker’s compensation studies in terms of spinal

disorders. Professional associations and statutory councils. “Chiropractic

Philosophy” - what is it?. Spinal rehabilitation. Basic and clinical nutrition. 2 PRACTICAL

Adjusting and mobilisation techniques of the spine, pelvis and ribcage.

Abbreviation key. Review and refinement of motion palpation of the spinal and sacro-iliac joints.

Review and refinement of basic adjusting skills - cervical, thoracic, lumbar and

pelvic. Soft tissue techniques. Flexion/distraction technique. ”Drop” table

technique. Biomechanical blocking. Spinal rehabilitation.

-39-

CHIROPRACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE V (MTCHRI: CHPP501)


Practical 3

Assessment Theory and Practical Tests 40%

Examination 60% The examination shall consist of one 3-hour theory paper and one 30-minute practical. A

minimum of 100% of students will be moderated for the practical examination



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Extravertebral adjustment techniques. Temporomandibular joint. Shoulder girdle and

upper extremity. Hip joint. Lower extremity. Soft tissue techniques. Osteopathic

techniques - Articulatory technique, Muscle energy technique, Strain - counter strain

technique

CLINICAL ANATOMY (BACHR1: ANGR221)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered SECTION A: NECK : Surface Anatomy, Superficial neck muscles, Triangles of the neck,

-40-

Deep structures of the neck, Root of the neck, Cervical viscera, Thyroid gland,

Parathyroid glands, Fascial planes, Pharynx, Larynx. SECTION B: HEAD : Osteology,

The Face - muscles, neurovascular structures, lymphatic drainage, The Scalp, Cranial

fossae and foramina (self-study), The Orbit, Parotid and Temporal regions,

Temporomandibular joint, Oral region (self-study), Salivary glands, Nose and

paranasal sinuses, Ear (self-study) . SECTION C: NEUROANATOMY : Embryology,

Cerebral topography, Brainstem and spinal cord, Cerebellum, Thalamus, epithalamus

and hypothalamus, Reticular formation, Visual , olfactory and limbic systems, Cranial

nerves. Blood supply of the brain.

CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS AND KINESIOLOGY IV

(BTCHR1: CBKI402)


Practical 2


Practical Tests 12%

Examination 60%

The examination shall consist of one 3-hour theory papers, one 30min practical

examination. A minimum of 100% of students will be moderated for the practical examination



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered: The emphasis in biomechanics will be on kinematics with only elementary kinetics.

Introduction to biomechanics and kinesiology. Biomechanical properties of bone,

collagen and muscles. Biomechanics of the vertebrae, inter-vertebral discs, spinal

ligaments and spinal muscles. Biomechanics of the osseous pelvis and sacro-iliac joint. Biomechanics of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Biomechanics of

scoliosis. Biomechanics of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines. Biomechanics of

the rib-cage. Biomechanics of spinal trauma and stress. Biomechanics of instability.

Biomechanics of spinal manipulation. Principles of exercise therapy and rehabilitation.

Overload principle. Myofascial pain syndromes - spine-related. CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS AND KINESIOLOGY V

(MTCHRI: CBKI501)

-41-


Practical 2


Practical Tests 12%

Examination 60%

The examination shall consist of one 3-hour theory paper and one 30min practical

examination. A minimum of 100% of students will be moderated for the practical examination.



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Biomechanics of the extremities and TMJ, Pathologies affecting the extremities and

TMJ. Radiological changes in problems of the extremities and TMJ. Clinical

presentation and patient management in extremity and TMJ problems.

CLINICAL CHIROPRACTIC AND BIOMECHANICS I

(BACHR1 : CCHB301)


Practical


subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Practical : Orthopedic physical examination of the : Cervical, Thoracic , Lumbar

-42-

regions.

Theory : Mechanical Spinal Pain : Low Back, neck and thoracic spinal pain. By

the end of this course the student will be able to discuss, describe and explain the

three phases of degeneration with respect to mechanical low back pain, the

diagnostic criteria, signs and symptoms, natural history, clinical features, investigative

techniques, differential diagnosis and comprehensive outline of treatment for

mechanical spinal pain conditions, which may include but are not limited to Scoliosis,

Kyphosis, Lordosis and Spondylolisthesis. Biomechanics: including but not

limited to the following: Introduction to biomechanics and kinesiology.

Biomechanical properties of bones, collagen and muscles. Biomechanics of the

vertebrae, intervertebral discs, spinal ligaments and spinal muscles. Biomechanics of

the osseous pelvis and sacroiliac joint. Biomechanics of the central and peripheral

nervous systems. Biomechanics of scoliosis. Biomechanics of the cervical, thoracic

and lumbar spines. Biomechanics of the rib-cage. Biomechanics of spinal; trauma and

stress. Biomechanics of instability. Biomechanics of spinal manipulation.

CLINICAL CHIROPRACTIC AND BIOMECHANICS IIA (BACHR1 : CCHB411)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Topics covered include relevant anatomy and select orthopaedic testing of the

following extremities : Shoulder, Elbow, Hand and Wrist, Temporomandibular joint.

Conditions should include but not be limited to : Shoulder : Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries,

Clavicular Injuries, Clavicular Fractures, Acromioclavicular Joint Injury, Shoulder

Impingement Syndrome, Bicipital Tendonitis, Infraspinatus Syndrome, Multidirectional

Glenohumeral Instability, Posterior Glenohumeral Instability, Rotator Cuff Injury, Superior

Labrum Lesions, Supraspinatus Tendonitis, Swimmer’s Shoulder, Adhesive Capsulitis.

Elbow : Elbow and Forearm Overuse Injuries, Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury, Biceps

Muscle Rupture, Olecrenon Bursitis, Floating Elbow, Lateral

-43-

Epicondylitis, Medial Epicondylitis, Little League Elbow Syndrome, Humeral

Capitellum Osteochondritis Dissecans, Elbow Dislocation, Compartment Syndromes,

General Elbow Fractures, Elbow Fractures and Dislocations in the Adult Patient,

Forearm Fractures, Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus, Nursemaids Elbow,

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment. Wrist and Hand : Soft Tissue Injury of the Wrist and Hand,

Ulnar -Sided Wrist Pain, Triangular fibrocartilage Complex injuries, Carpal Tunnel

Syndrome, Hand, Fractures and Dislocations: Wrist, De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis,

Gamekeeper’s Thumb, Intersection Syndrome, Flexor Tendon lacerations, Ganglions,

Nerve Entrapment and Compression Syndromes of the Hand. The

Temporomandibular Joint : Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome.

CLINICAL CHIROPRACTIC AND BIOMECHANICS IIB

(BACHR1 : CCHB421)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Topics covered include relevant anatomy and select orthopaedic testing of the following

extremities : Hip, Knee, Foot and Ankle. Conditions should include but not be limited to :

Foot and ankle conditions, Talocrural Joint Injuries, Subtalar Joint Injuries, Hindfoot

Injuries, Midfoot Injuries, Forefoot Joint Injuries, Mechanics of the foot as a whole and

through its component parts. Foot and ankle related tendonitis syndromes. Foot and

ankle related bursitis syndromes. Local pathologies, including but not limited to plantar

fasciitis, fat pad syndrome, metatarsalgia, mortons neuroma, bunion (Hallux abducto

valgus), toe deformities, fractures, avascular necrosis, heel spur syndromes, ankle sprains.

Systemic conditions that affect specifically the foot and ankle, particularly those that

present with symptoms similar to local pathologies. Leg and Knee conditions : Tibio-

femoral Injuries, Patello- femoral Joint Injuries, Tibio-fibula Injuries, Muscular injuries.

Mechanics of the knee as a whole and through its component parts. Leg and knee related

tendonitis syndromes. Leg and knee related bursitis syndromes. Local pathologies,

including but not limited to compartment syndromes, fat

-44-

pad syndrome, fractures, avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis, ITB, PFPS and its

component precursors. Systemic conditions that affect specifically the leg and foot,

particularly those that present with symptoms similar to local pathologies. Thigh

and Hip conditions : Hip Injuries, Pubic symphysis Joint Injuries, SI joint injuries,

Muscular injuries. Mechanics of the pelvis as a whole and through its component

parts. Thigh and hip related tendonitis syndromes. Thigh and hip related bursitis

syndromes. Local pathologies, including but not limited to compartment syndromes,

muscle tears, fractures, avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis, osteitis pubis, insertional

tendonitis, myositis ossificans. Systemic conditions that affect specifically the thigh and

hip, particularly those that present with symptoms similar to local pathologies.

CLINICAL CHIROPRACTIC IV (BTCHR1: CLCH401)


Practical 3


Practical Tests 12%

Examination 60%

The examination shall consist of two 2-hour theory papers (paper 1 = 42%; paper 2 =

28%), OSCE (paper 3 = 15%), one practical examination (paper 3 = 15%). A minimum of 100% of students will be moderated for the practical examination



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Mechanical back pain. Organic back disorders. Head and facial pain. Spinal

orthopaedic assessment. Assessing case progression. Clinic forms and their use. The

narrative report. The Clinic Manual - an introduction.

-45-

CLINICAL CHIROPRACTIC V (MTCHR1: CLCH501)


Practical 2

Clinic 13


Practical Tests 25%

Examination 50%

The examination shall consist of one 3- hour theory paper, one 30min practical

examination and one OSCE. (the latter of which is combined with continuous

assessment mark derived from competencies). A minimum of 100% of students will

be moderated for the practical examination



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Review of electrotherapy and traction equipment, Patient assessment, Management

rationale, Clinical radiology, Report writing, narrative, medico-legal, Chiropractic

patient care (clinical practicum), The pregnant / geriatric / paediatric patient. Physical

examination of the extremities and TMJ, “Wellness” in chiropractic care.

CLINICAL MENTORING AND ASSESSMENT (BACHR1 : CLMA101)


Assessment Continuous assessment


Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered

-46-

Workplace learning – theories & principles. (Co- op learning, Experiential Learning,

Work Integrated Learning). Role of CHE, HEQC, HEQF, DoH, HPCSA, SETAs, Skills

Development. Related terminology. Clinical mentoring teaching and learning

strategies. Demonstration techniques. Compiling a task sheet. Communication with

mentee, patients/clients. Clinical assessment strategies. Assessment tools/rubrics.

Preparing for an assessment. Conducting assessments. Evaluate evidence and making

judgements. Providing feedback. Quality Assurance and evaluation.

CLINICAL NUTRITION (BACHR1 : CLNT411)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Investigated human dietary needs and nutrition : Dietary and nutrient goals, guidelines and

guides for wellness and disease prevention (e.g. dietary guidelines, RDA and the

application thereof) are compared and contrasted. Factors affecting food choices are

discussed. Factors influencing the nutrient composition of foods are analysed. Nutrient

supplementation is investigated. The pro’s and con’s of food fortification are investigated

and analysed. The use of functional foods (neutraceuticals) are researched. Assessed

community nutrition: Nutrition during the various stages of the life cycle are compared.

Diseases of lifestyle including but not limited to: Obesity, Coronary heart disease,

Diabetes mellitus, Cancer, Hypertension, Stroke, Gastrointestinal diseases, are assessed.

Vegetarianism is discussed. The effect of nutrition on immune status (e.g. malnutrition –

infection and AIDS) is analysed. Economical food purchases are researched. Discussed and

investigated clinical nutrition. Nutritional status through Anthropometric assessment,

Biochemical assessment, Clinical assessment and Dietary needs are assessed. The

nutritional anaemias are discussed. Drug – nutrient interactions are analysed. Nutritional

knowledge is applied to case study. Compared and contrasted nutrition in special patient

groups. Nutrient requirements in relation to exercise and various types of sport are

discussed and compared. Efficacy and safety of ergonomic aids are investigated.

Relationships between musculoskeletal diseases and nutrition (e.g. osteoporosis, gout,

arthritis) are compared.

-47-

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (BACHR1 : PHRM411)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered General aspects of drug therapy : Definitions, terminology, drug nomenclature and

basic legislation are explained. Pharmacological terms used are defined and differentiated.

Pharmacokinetics : The effect of the body on the drug with time are discussed - the

absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs and the factors that

influence these processes are discussed. Pharmacodynamics: The effects of the drugs

on the body are explained – both non-specific effects of drugs as well as the mechanism of

drug receptor interaction is described. Various forms of agonist and antagonist

relationships are discussed. Exceptional cases of pharmaodynamics are explained.

Administration of drugs to patients : The various dosage forms are described and

the different ways drugs are administered are detailed. Dosage adjustments for children,

babies and impaired liver and renal function must be calculated. Plasma half-life,

therapeutic indices, steady state drug concentrations, loading and maintenance doses are

explained. Adverse effects of drugs : Various types of side effects, toxic effects,

hypersensitivity reactions and drug dependencies are described. The commonly occurring

drug interactions are highlighted. Commonly encountered examples of drugs which cause

toxic effects are introduced. Autonomic, Somatic and Sensory Nervous systems :

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are described. Noradrenaline, the receptors

alpha and beta and the effects of sympathetic stimulation are explained. The actions of

acetylcholine on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are explained. Direct and indirect

agonists and antagonists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are

described. Physiology of neuromuscular junction and mechanism of drugs acting at the

neuromuscular junction are described. Mechanism, effects and methods of administration

of local anaesthestics are explained. Antimicrobials and other anti-infectives :

Various terms e.g. toxicity, resistance, bacteriostatic and bactericidal are explained.

Commonly used antiseptics and disinfectants are highlighted.

-48-

Dermatological antimicrobials are detailed. Antimicrobials for systemic use with reference

to the major drug classifications, examples, mechanisms of action, common therapeutic

uses, significant side effects, indications and contraindications are explained. The main

groups of fungi are described and pharmacological action of antifungal agents are

discussed. The TB drug regimens and the drugs used in TB protocol are discussed with

their adverse effects. MDR and XDR TB are also highlighted. Leprostatics and drug

regimens for leprosy are explained. Antivirals and antiretrovirals are discussed together

with their mechanisms of action, side effects and drug interactions. The post exposure

prophylaxis regimen is also explained. Protozoal infections, causes of malaria and

pharmacological intervention of malarial infections are described. Ectoparasites and drugs

used to combat worm infestations are highlighted. Drugs affecting the CNS : The

benzodiazepines used for the treatment of sleep disorders and anxiety states are

described, together with other therapeutic uses and adverse effects. The barbiturates are

mentioned together with their relative safety vs benzodiazepines. Schizophrenia,

classification and mechanism of action and adverse effects of neuroleptics are described.

Affective disorders are explained and mechanisms of action of antidepressants are

described. Epilepsy and the mechanism of antiepileptic drugs in control of seizures are

described. Parkinsonism and the pharmacological action of drugs used are described. The

various antiemetics and their actions and uses are discussed. Pharmacological action of

general anaesthetic agents and their method of administration are explained. The

pharmacological actions of opioid analgesics particularly on the CNS and the GIT are

described. Drugs affecting the CVS : The Mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors,

Angiotensin II antagonists, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and agonists, calcium channel

blockers, diuretics, vasodilators, centrally acting drugs, digoxin and nitrates are described.

The role of the above drugs in the management of arrhythmias, angina, hypertension,

myocardial infarction and congestive cardiac failure are explained. Mechanisms of action of

drugs in the treatment of arrythmias are discussed. Haemopoetic drugs : The different

types of anaemias are discussed together with their pharmacological treatment. The

pharmacological effect of iron preparations, vitamin B 12, folic acid and erythropoeitin are

explained. Effects/action of anticoagulants e.g. warfarin and heparin, their indications and

contraindications are explained. The antiplatelet drugs and thrombolytics are discussed.

Both local and systemic haemostatic drugs are highlighted. Plasma substitutes and colloid

solutions are described. Drugs used in the management of hyperlipoproteinaemia are

detailed. Analgesics and anti-inflammatories : The production and biological effects

of the eicosanoids are explained. The mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-

inflammatory drugs are described together with examples and characteristic adverse

effects. Paracetamol’s action is explained and compared and contrasted with NSAIDs. The

treatment of both aspirin and paracetamol toxicity is discussed. Aspirin ’s unique

pharmacological effects are explained. Selective COX 2 inhibitors and combination

analgesics are highlighted. Treatment of gout and migraine are classified. The mechanism

of action of steroidal anti-inflammatories (corticosteroids) are described together with

their therapeutic uses, adverse effects

-49-

and effects of dosing and treatment withdrawal. Hormones and Hormone

antagonists: The hormones vasopressin, oxytocin and prolactin are highlighted. The

production of gametes and secretion of hormones by ovaries and testes are described.

The mechanism of action and adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives are detailed.

Treatment of hyper and hypothyroidism is discussed. Diabetes mellitus is explained and

the mechanisms of action of antidiabetic agents are described. Antihistamines : The

multipotency of antihistamines are described together with their therapeutic uses and

adverse effects which are attributed to their affinities with the various receptors.

Examples of sedating and non-sedating antihistamines are discussed. Respiratory Drugs

: The pharmacological action and variation of cough remedies are discussed. Asthma is explained together with the specific roles of bronchodilators,

glucocorticoids, ipratroprium bromide, leukotriene receptor antagonists and xanthenes. The management of acute severe asthma , chronic asthma and exercise

induced asthma are discussed. Other respiratory diseases e.g. COPD, acute

bronchitis and pneumonia are highlighted. GIT Drugs : The physiology of acid

secretion is discussed. The mechanism of action of various ulcer healing drugs,

protective factors and antacids are described. Drugs for the treatment of peptic

ulcers and GORD are highlighted. Physiology of gastrointestinal motility and

secretions is described together with the pharmacological management of

constipation and diarrhoea. Inflammatory bowel diseases and their drug management

are explained. Poisoning and emergency drug treatment : Non -

pharmacological as well as specific pharmacological treatments of poisoning are

discussed. Common poisons are highlighted together with characteristic symptoms

and antidotes. Drug treatment options for various emergencies are highlighted.

CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL ISSUES IN SOUTH AFRICA

(BACHR1 : CSIC101)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Social issues and their manifestation in the South African context. A selection of the

-50-

following (or relevant clusters thereof) should be used as per currency: Violence and

sexual violence, HIV/AIDS, Diversity and racism, Xenophobia, Urbanisation, Poverty,

Education, Unemployment, Health issues, Substance abuse, Crime, Gangsterism, Sex

work, Children on the streets, Inadequate housing, Bullying, Child-headed

households, Child abuse, Family violence, Social transition including democracy and

citizenship, Human trafficking, Teen pregnancy, Child labour, Suicide and self-harm,

Consumerism and materialism, Technology – e.g. cyber bullying.

CORNERSTONE (BACHR1 : CSTN101)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The module content will be developed around the concept of journeys, across time,

across space, and across human relationships; the first use of the concept will take

the journey of the uMngeni River (which is close to all DUT campuses) as a

metaphor. The module will bring different disciplinary perspectives to this content.

The module will start with the analysis of a particular issue or metaphor (one critical

event or development will be and analysed; the event in focus will be selected on the

basis of its connections to the theme of journeys and its relevance to the issues of

ethics, diversity and critical citizenry). The final section of the module will identify and

integrate learning from earlier sections, and examine implications for further learning.

At each stage of the module, students will be required to engage in activities that

involve reflection and build communicative practices. There will be a concluding

section in which students will identify their learning and examine the implications for

their roles as students and as citizens.

-51-

CULTURAL DIVERSITY (BACHR1 : CLDV101)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The module will be introduced by defining culture and establishing the salience of

culture in the local and global context. There is also some attention paid to diverse

cultural groups in the SA and global context. The core content focuses on aspects of

social responsibility and gives strong attention to issues of anti- discriminatory and

anti-oppressive practices. Social justice is unpacked and the effect of marginalization

on oppressed groups discussed. Consciousness raising and social action and

dialoguing across differences is used to interweave the introductory and main aspects

of the module. It forms an appropriate way to conclude the module as it requires

students to engage in activities that involve reflection and personal commitment to

anti- oppressive practices.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING I (BACHR1 : DGNT221) Contact time (hours per week) Theory Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The following terms are defined and described (in the context of the human body):

Projection procedures (viz. basic projection, patient/part position, collimation,

marker, bucky, tube). Patient procedures (breathing instruction). Patient position

-52-

(posteroanterior (PA), anteroposterior (AP), lateral – right and left (RL/LL), anterior

obliques (right and left – RAO/LAO), posterior obliques (right and left – RPO/LPO),

upright or erect, recumbent – right or left, seated and specialist views). Terms are

defined, identified and described (including but not limited to): Normal and abnormal

alignment. Normal and abnormal bone structure. Normal and abnormal cartilaginous and

soft tissue changes (viz. calcifications). The basic projections for the various regions of the

body are stated and described (including but not limited to): Cervical series, Thoracic

series, Lumbar series, Chest (viz. PA and lateral), Abdomen (viz. AP), Pelvis (viz. AP).

Shoulder series, Elbow series, Hand and wrist series, Hip series, Knee series, Ankle

series, Foot series, TMJ series, Skull series and Miscellaneous projections (long bones).

Shoulder series, Elbow series, Hand and wrist series, Hip series, Knee series, Ankle

series, Foot series, TMJ series, Skull series and Miscellaneous projections (long bones).

The significant and relevant normal radiographic anatomy, especially bone and soft tissue

structures in all the basic views are identified. The regional abnormalities and age related

changes (pediatric and geriatric) are radiographically described (e.g. degenerative joint

disease, congenital anomalies, trauma). The 3 main components of a radiology report are

applied in the context of the reporting radiographs. Utilise the ABCS (alignment, bone,

cartilage, soft tissue) method for reporting on views related to the extremities and TMJ

and skull. Describe and state the significance of measurements, lines and spaces found or

measured on radiographs. The following (including and not limited to) measurements,

lines and spaces are described and their significance is stated : in the cervical spine (viz. cervical lordosis, McGregor’s line, Chamberlain’s line,

George’s line, atlantodental interspace (ADI) in children and adults, prevertebral

spaces). in the thoracic spine (viz. thoracic kyphosis, thoracic cage dimension). in the

lumbo-pelvic region (viz. pre-rectal space, coxa vara and coax valga, Shenton’s line,

Iliofemoral line, protrusio acetabuli, Klein’s line, lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral angle,

sagittal canal measurement). Shoulder series, Elbow series, Hand and wrist series, Hip

series, Knee series, Ankle series, Foot series, TMJ series, Skull series and

Miscellaneous (long bones) series.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING II (BACHR1 : DGNT331)




Final Mark 50%

-53-

Topics Covered Fundamentals and Introductory Concepts. Radiography of: Upper Limb and Shoulder

Girdle. Lower Limb and Pelvic Girdle and Hip, Chest, Thorax, Abdomen, Skull and

Vertebral Column Introduction to musculoskeletal imaging using the following

imaging modalities: Magnetic resonance imaging. Computerised tomography.

Ultrasound imaging. Nuclear medicine.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING III (BACHR1 : DGNT141)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The following diagnostic imaging techniques are described and their significance is stated

(including but not limited to) plain film x-rays, arthrography, bone scans, ultrasound, CT

(computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans as well as PET scans

and bone densitometry (e.g. DEXA) scans. Apply practical skills and knowledge of the

principles of plain film radiography of the skeletal system, chest, and Abdomen. Critically

evaluate the appropriateness of the requested views in the context of the patient history.

Demonstrate the fundamentals and introductory concepts of positioning techniques

(normal series and stress views) and their applications. Demonstrate appropriate patient

interactions before, during and after the radiographic procedures. Demonstrate the safe

use of radiographic equipment to effectively produce the required radiographic images.

Reduce the impact of artefact production when taking radiographs (e.g. clothing or other

artefact producers) . Identify contra-indications to radiographic procedures. Calculate

radiation doses to obtain an optimal radiographic image. Demonstrate theoretical and

practical knowledge of the full radiographic technique (e.g. labelling, exposure factors) as

applied to perform radiography of the appendicular and axial skeleton (normal series and

stress views (where applicable)), chest, abdomen and pelvis (normal series) of patients.

Evaluate the components of the radiographic imaging processing, including but not limited

to darkroom techniques and digital formats, as well as their related quality assurance

processes. Evaluate the radiographic image in terms of the exposure factors in order to

determine whether an optimal radiographic image has been obtained or not.

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DIAGNOSTICS IA (BACHR1 : DINT311)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of the clinically relevant diagnostic principles

and pathological procedures (special investigations included) based on an integrated

systemic pathology, diagnostics and orthopedic assessment principles of the human frame

in terms of normal and abnormal findings in terms of: - The general concepts of clinical

pathology are described and analysed. - Components of the case history are identified,

described and analysed. General features of disease, including weight loss and pyrexia of

unknown origin are described and explained. The Aetiology, Clinical features,

Complications, Differential diagnosis, Investigations, Management protocols and

Prognoses of diseases related to the : Skin, Blood vessels, Heart , Haematopoietic and

Lymphoid system, Lungs and Upper Respiratory tract, Kidneys and collecting system are

described, analysed. Case histories related to the systems mentioned in above of the

human body are analysed and evaluated to arrive at the appropriate differential diagnosis.

Relevant patho – physiology, anatomy and histology is discussed and described with

reference to the clinical features of the diseases of the systems mentioned aboveSpecial

investigations and results thereof - such as: CT’s, MRI’s, angiograms, lumbar punctures,

ECG’s, EEG’s, blood and biochemistry analysis, ultrasound, arterial blood gases, lung

volume assessment, biopsy, barium studies, endoscopy, stool cultures, urine cultures,

cystograms and others pertinent to the condition relevant to the system (above), will be

described, analysed.

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DIAGNOSTICS IB (BACHR1 : DINT321)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of the clinically relevant diagnostic principles

and pathological procedures (special investigations included) based on an integrated

systemic pathology, diagnostics and orthopedic assessment principles of the human frame

in terms of normal and abnormal findings in terms of: The general concepts of clinical

pathology are described and analysed. Components of the case history are identified,

described and analysed. General features of disease, including weight loss and pyrexia of



Prognoses of diseases related to the : Gastrointesinal tract, Liver, Biliary tract, Pancreas,

Musculoskeletal system (with emphasis on low back pain and causes of low back pain),

Nervous system, Endocrine system, Female genital system and breast, Male genital system

are described, analysed. Case histories related to the systems mentioned in above of the

human body are analysed and evaluated to arrive at the appropriate differential diagnosis.

Relevant patho – physiology, anatomy and histology is discussed and described with

reference to the clinical features of the diseases of the systems mentioned above. Special

investigations and results thereof - such as: CT’s, MRI’s, angiograms, lumbar punctures,

ECG’s, EEG’s, blood and biochemistry analysis, ultrasound, arterial blood gases, lung

volume assessment, biopsy, barium studies, endoscopy, stool cultures, urine cultures,

cystograms and others pertinent to the condition relevant to the system (above), will be

described, analysed.

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DIAGNOSTICS IA (BACHR1 : DINT411)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Apply a comprehensive knowledge of the clinically relevant diagnostic principles and

pathological procedures (special investigations included) based on an integrated

systemic pathology, diagnostics assessment principles of the human frame in terms of

normal and abnormal findings in terms of: The general concepts of clinical pathology

are described and analysed. Components of the case history are identified, described

and analysed. General features of disease, including weight loss and pyrexia of



Prognoses of diseases of the human body. Complete comprehensive case histories

related to the systems mentioned in above of the human body are analysed and

evaluated to arrive at the appropriate differential diagnosis. Appropriate special

investigations are identified and results thereof - such as: CT’s, MRI’s, angiograms,

lumbar punctures, ECG’s, EEG’s, blood and biochemistry analysis, ultrasound, arterial

blood gases, lung volume assessment, biopsy, barium studies, endoscopy, stool

cultures, urine cultures, cystograms and others pertinent to the condition relevant to

the system (above), will be described, analysed. Develop based on a patient work up,

an appropriate and defendable patient management programme

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DIAGNOSTICS IB (BACHR1 : DINT421)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Apply a comprehensive knowledge of the clinically relevant diagnostic principles and

pathological procedures (special investigations included) based on an integrated

systemic pathology, diagnostics assessment principles of the human frame in terms of

normal and abnormal findings in terms of: The general concepts of clinical pathology

are described and analysed. Components of the case history are identified, described

and analysed. General features of disease, including weight loss and pyrexia of



Prognoses of diseases related to the human body.Complete comprehensive case

histories related to the systems mentioned in above of the human body are analysed

and evaluated to arrive at the appropriate differential diagnosis. Appropriate special

investigations are identified and results thereof - such as: CT’s, MRI’s, angiograms,

lumbar punctures, ECG’s, EEG’s, blood and biochemistry analysis, ultrasound, arterial

blood gases, lung volume assessment, biopsy, barium studies, endoscopy, stool

cultures, urine cultures, cystograms and others pertinent to the condition relevant to

the system (above), will be described, analysed. Develop based on a patient work up,

an appropriate and defendable patient management programme

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DIAGNOSTICS IV (BTCHR1: DIGN401)


Practical 4 (Hospital: weekly hospital visits)


Practical Tests 24%

Examination 60%

The examination shall consist of one 3-hour theory paper and one practical

examination. A minimum of 100% of students will be moderated for the practical examination.



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Clinical pathology, Gynaecology, Obstetrics, Dermatology, Weight loss, Syncope,

Vertigo, Dementia, Headache and facial pain, Coma, Pyrexia of unknown origin,

Abdominal pain, Haematemesis and malaena, Changes in bowel habit, Jaundice,

Nausea and vomiting, Dysphagia, Dyspnoea, Chest pain, Haemoptysis, Cough,

Oedema, Polyuria, oliguria, dysuria, haematuria, Anaemia, Haemorrhage,

Lymphodenopathy and splenomegaly, Claudication, Hepatomegally, Joint

pain/stiffness/swelling, Back pain, Neck pain, Muscle weakness, Numbness and

paraesthesia, Painful/painless loss of vision.

ENTREPRENEURIAL EDGE (BACHR1: TENE101)


Practical



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Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered BECOMING AN ENTREPRENEUR : Understanding yourself, What kind of business will

suite me best, A vision for the business, Why become an entrepreneur, Who are

entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Resources, Entrepreneurial myths, Entrepreneurial

transition. ADDRESSING RISK : Risks the banks are concerned with, From the

perspective of the bank, Risks and interest rates, Researching to reduce my risks,

Understanding my risks and prospects, Problem solving, Competitive advantage, Business

successes and failures. UNDERSTANDING MY MARKET : What does my market look

like, Sharing the market, Competitors, Suppliers, Customer Relations Management.

PLANNING : The environment, Strategic planning, Operation al planning, Types of plans,

Setting the business vision, Determining the business mission, Setting business objectives,

Finding and evaluating suppliers. FINANCIAL OBJECTIVES : Costing a product / service, Funding the business. MARKETING : What you should

now about products and services, Considering the price, Finding the proper location,

What to consider when advertising and doing promotions. ETHICS AND SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY : Considering ethical issues to address, Drawing up an ethics

standard, Being held ethically responsible, Being responsible to your stakeholders.

EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY (BACHR1: EQDV101)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Concepts and terminology – e.g. diversity, equality, inclusion, power,

oppression. Parameters of diversity as listed in section 9 of the SA

Constitution. Prejudice, discrimination and inequality. The diversity

competence continuum. Steps to develop competence/sensitivity in relation

to diverse others. Selected topics.

-60-

GENERAL PATHOLOGY (BACHR1 : GEPA201)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Introduction to Pathology and Disease, Disease at cellular level: cell injury, death,

necrosis, Amyloid, Calcification, Pigmentation, Jaundice, Fluid disturbances (oedema

and electrolyte imbalances), Haemodynamic derangements (hyperaemia, congestion,

haemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, infarction), Inflammation, healing and repair,

Infection and diseases, Disorders of growth and neoplasia, Genetic diseases,

Disorders of Carbohydrate metabolism, Nutritional disorders, Effect of radiation,

Autoimmune disorders.

GROSS ANATOMY IA (BACHR1 : ANGR111)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Introduction to anatomy (practical) : How to dissect; Anatomical and medical terminology; Histology; Thorax. The thoracic framework : The following bones will

-61-

be discussed in terms of their orientation, muscles that attach to parts of each bone, and

anatomical features: sternum, ribs – typical, atypical, classification, clavicle, scapula,

thoracic vertebrae – typical, atypical. The joints of the thoracic cage will be classified.

Surface anatomy of the anterior thoracic wall : Anatomical lines and planes and

quadrants, Soft tissue landmarks, Location of bony prominences, The great vessels and

location of clinically important vessels and nerves, The location and extent of the lungs

and pleura, The heart. The Breast : Location and extent of the female breast, External

appearance and anatomy, variations, clinical considerations, Internal anatomy, Blood

supply (arteries and veins) and lymphatic drainage. Muscles of the anterior thoracic

wall : The following muscles associated with the thoracic wall will be considered and

described in terms of their attachments, action and nerve supply: Pectoralis major,

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius, intercostal muscles – external, internal and

innermost. The following muscles associated with the thoracic wall will be considered due

to their attachments to bones associated with the thorax. However, they will not be

considered in detail: sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, sternohyoid and

sternothyroid, deltoid, lattisimus dorsi. Understanding the innervation of the

thorax : The purpose of this lecture is to provide an overall understanding of the

different types of nerves situated in the thorax, their location, function and association

with each other. The following nerves will be considered: phrenic nerve, vagus nerve,

thoracic sympathetic chain, intercostal nerves. Blood supply to the thoracic walls :

The arterial supply of the anterior thoracic wall – the internal thoracic artery and

branches, The arterial supply of the posterior thoracic wall – the thoracic aorta and its branches. The anatomic basis for the mechanism of

respiration : The action of the intercostals muscles; The action of the diaphragm, The

accessory muscles that aid respiration. The pleura and its relationship to the

internal thoracic walls : Differentiation between the parietal and visceral pleura, The

attachments of the parietal pleura and nerve supply. The anatomy of the lungs : The

location of the lungs, Surface anatomy of the lungs, Gross anatomical features – borders,

surfaces, lobes, Basic embryology of the lungs, Bronchopulmonary segments – significance

and segmental pattern, Impressions on left and right lungs – medial, lateral surfaces,

diaphragmatic and apex, Structures at the root of the lung – location in relation to each

other. The pericardium : Differentiation between layers of pericardium, Attachments

of the pericardium, Nerves and blood vessels associated with the pericardium. The

anatomy of the heart : Orientation of the heart, Basic anatomy of the heart, Location

and surface anatomy of the heart, valves and great vessels, The chambers of the heart –

gross anatomical features of the external and internal aspects of the right and left atria

and ventricles, The valves of the heart – right and left atrioventricular, pulmonary and

aortic valves –basic features, auscultation areas and basic functioning. The blood vessels

of the heart : The left and right coronary systems, The course and distribution of the

main coronary branches – right, left, anterior and posterior interventricular and

circumflex arteries, The location of the cardiac veins. The mediastinum : Defining the

divisions of the mediastinum – anterior, posterior, inferior, superior, middle, List of

contents of each division. The

- 62 -

oesophagus and trachea : Location and relations of the oesophagus, Location and

relations of the trachea – including anatomy of the left and right bronchi,

Oesophageal constrictions. The azygos system of veins and the thoracic duct :

Pattern of drainage of the azygos system, Course and relations of the thoracic duct.

The thoracic sympathetic chain, vagus and phrenic nerves : Location and

branching pattern of the sympathetic chain – splanchnic nerves, visceral contributions

to the cardiac and pulmonary plexus, thoracic ganglia, Course and relations of the left

and right vagus nerves in the thorax, Course, relations and distribution of the phrenic

nerve.

GROSS ANATOMY IB (BACHR1 : ANGR121)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Introduction to anatomy (practical) : 1. Abdomen, 2. Pelvis/perineum. Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall (AAW) : The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

identified. The attachments of each of the muscles and their arrangement on the anterior

wall are described. The action and innervation of each of the AAW muscles are

described. Applied anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall : The referral pain

patterns on the AAW described. Inguinal Region – inguinal canal, contents,

hernias : The inguinal region is identified. The boundaries of the inguinal canal are

described. The contents of the inguinal canal are listed. The mechanisms of inguinal

hernias are discussed and the types of hernias are identified and explained. Peritoneum

and peritoneal cavity : The different layers of the peritoneum are distinguished

between. The disposition of the peritoneum is described. The parts of the peritoneum are

described. The liver and gall bladder : The peritoneal location of the liver and gall

bladder are described. The surface anatomical location of the liver and gall bladder are

described. The peritoneal attachments of the liver are described. The quadrants of the

liver are described. The relations of the vessels to the liver and gall bladder are

understood and explained. The features and impressions on the visceral surface of the

liver are described. The stomach : The peritoneal location of the stomach is described.

The surface anatomical location of the stomach is described. The features of the stomach

are described. The peritoneal attachments of the stomach are -63-

described. The arterial supply to the stomach is described. The visceral relations of the

stomach are explained. The spleen and pancreas : The peritoneal location of the

spleen and pancreas is described. The surface anatomical location of the spleen is

described. The diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces of the spleen are distinguished

between. The peritoneal relations of the spleen and pancreas are described. The relations

of and arterial supply to the pancreas are described. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum :

The parts and relations of each of the parts of the duodenum described. The differences

between the jejunum and ileum are identified. The arterial supply and venous drainage of

the small intestine are described. The colon : The features of the colon are identified.

The arterial supply and venous drainage of the colon are described. The anatomy of the

caecum and appendix are described. Posterior abdominal wall-viscera, nerves,

vessels and muscles : The attachments and action of each of the muscles of the

posterior abdominal wall are described. The branches of the lumbar plexus are described

in terms of their anatomical location, course and distribution. The thoracic diaphragm

: The attachments of the thoracic diaphragm are identified and described. The innervation

of the thoracic diaphragm is described. The openings of the thoracic diaphragm and the

structures that pass through each opening are described. The kidneys, ureter and

suprarenal glands : The peritoneal locations of the kidneys are described. The surface

anatomical location of the kidneys is described. The features of the kidneys are described.

The suprarenal glands are briefly described in terms of anatomical features, vasculature

and relations. The course and relations of the ureter in the abdomen are described. The

structures at the hilum of the kidney are identified and described. The visceral relations of

the anterior and posterior surfaces of each kidney are described. The aorta and

inferior vena cava : The course and relations of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena

cava (IVC) are described. The branches of the abdominal aorta are identified and

described. The tributaries of the IVC are identified and described. Autonomic nerves :

The arrangement and distribution of the autonomic nerves of the abdomino-pelvic cavity

are briefly described. Introduction to the pelvis and perineum : Demarcation of the

pelvis and pelvic cavity. Contents of the pelvis. Defining the perineum and its contents.

Relationship between the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The bony framework of the

pelvic cavity : Osteology – features of the bony pelvis. Joints of the pelvis – articulation,

movements and supporting mechanisms. Anatomy of the sacro- Iliac joint. Differences

between male and female pelves. Clinical anatomy of the pelvic planes and regions

: Defining the areas of pelvic inlet and outlet. The muscles of the walls and floor of

the pelvis : The muscles of the pelvic diaphragm. Urogenital diaphragm, obturator

internus and piriformis. The pelvic cavity and its contents : Identifying the male and

female internal reproductive organs - rectum, bladder. Blood vessels and nerves of

the pelvis: Sacral plexus – origin, course and distribution of branches. Obturator nerve –

course. Pelvic autonomic nerves. Internal iliac artery – course, branches and distribution.

Pelvic peritoneum : Disposition of the pelvic peritoneum. Peritoneal pouches. Male and

female sagittal sections. The urinary system : Location of the bladder. External and

Internal features. Relations – visceral and peritoneal. Blood

-64-

supply and innervation. Male and female urethra. Female reproductive system :

Uterus – location, gross features, relations, blood supply, lymphatic drainage. Supporting

structures of the ovary, uterus and vagina. Uterine tubes - location, relations, gross

features. Male reproductive system : Prostrate gland – location, lobes, arterial supply

and venous drainage, lymphatic drainage. Seminal vesicles – location, blood supply,

lymphatic drainage. The rectum and anal canal : Location and relations of the rectum

(male and female) . Peritoneal relations of the rectum. Blood supply – arteries, veins.

Lymphatic drainage and Innervation. Internal anatomy of the anal canal. Arterial supply

and venous drainage of anal canal. Internal and external anal sphincters Perineum :

Perineal pouches. Ischioanal fossae and the pudendal canal. Arterial supply and Innervation

of the perineum. Male and female external genitalia.

GROSS ANATOMY II (BACHR1 : ANGR201)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Back : The vertebral column : bony landmarks, features of typical versus atypical

vertebra, regional characteristics of vertebrae, ossification. Joints of the vertebral column :

joints of vertebral bodies, joints of vertebral arches, Craniovertebral joints. Muscles of the

back: Superficial muscles. Intermediate muscles. Deep muscles. Muscles of Suboccipital

Region. Spinal cord and meninges. Upper limb : Osteology : Bony landmarks, muscle

attachments, orientation. Axilla: Brachial plexus, Axillary artery and vein, Axillary lymph

nodes. Arm: Muscular compartments, Cubital fossa, Neurovascular structures. Forearm:

Muscular compartments, Neurovascular structures. Wrist and hand: Surface anatomy,

Fascia of the palm, Muscles, Neurovascular structures. Joints: Shoulder joint, Elbow joint,

Wrist joint, 1st Carpometacarpal joint. Lower limb : Osteology: Bony landmarks,

muscle attachments, orientation. Gluteal region: bony landmarks, muscles, neurovascular

structures. Hip and thigh regions: Fasciae (superficial and deep) and associated structures.

Muscular compartments: anterior, medial, posterior. Femoral triangle: boundaries,

content, clinical significance. Adductor canal: boundaries, content, clinical significance.

Popliteal fossa: boundaries, content, clinical significance. Joints. Leg: Crural fascia. Muscular

compartments: anterior, lateral, posterior. Joints. Foot: Muscles, Deep fascia,

Neurovascular structures, Arches, Joints.

-65-

HANDS FILLED WITH MEANING (BACHR1 : HSWM101)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Practical work: Introducing yourself and others, Sharing biographical information,

Telling where you live, Talking about your family, Asking questions, Making requests,

Discussing activities, Describing people and things. Themes: introductions, the family,

food and drink, sport and entertainment, health and wellbeing (others may be added)

Theory work: Local and international disability policy (incl. medical and social

models of disability), Deaf Community and Deaf Culture (why do we write Deaf with

a capital D?), Deaf education – history, models and challenges, The Deaf Community

in South Africa

HISTOLOGY (BACHR1 : HIST111)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Epithelium / epithelial tissue, True connective tissues, Cartilage and bone, Blood,

Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue, Integumentary system, Cardiovascular System,

Lymphatic System, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary System, Male

Genital Tract, Female Genital Tract.

-66-

HIV AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (BACHR1:

HCDK101)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Epidemiology of HIV, TB and STIs globally, in sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa and

KZN. HIV infection, transmission and prevention. Two diseases one person.

Psychological issues of HIV and TB: Decision making and family autonomy, Social

isolation and stigma, Disclosure. Module structured around the themes below: Stigma

– Impact on people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS, Disclosure – Understanding

issues related to disclosure, Rights – Knowing your rights as people infected and

affected by HIV/AIDS, Communication – Listening, speaking, writing effectively as

people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS, Facilitation – Helping others learn about

HIVAIDS, Advocacy – Working for change around HIV/AIDS.

IMMUNOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY AND COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES (BACHR1 : EPIP201) Contact time (hours per

week) Theory

Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered

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Immunology: Non-acquired body defences, Naturally acquired body defences:

antigens and antibodies, artificially acquired body defences: immunisation, Allergy and

auto-immune diseases. Parasitology: Introduction to parasitology. Protozoan parasites: classification, characterization, incidence, clinical features, investigations and prophylaxis and management. Platyhelmintic parasites: classification, characterization,

incidence, clinical features, investigations and prophylaxis and management.

Aschelmintic parasites: classification, characterization, incidence, clinical features,

investigations and prophylaxis and management. The Arthropoda such as, but not

limited to parasites, vectors and pests. Communicable diseases: The purpose of

this module is to provide students with the skill to identify and understand the

processes, distribution and symptoms of a selection of commonly occurring

communicable diseases. This module is designed to incorporate principles of

epidemiology and knowledge of parasitology in order to understand the clinical

presentation of a communicable disease. Introduction : Definition of a

communicable disease. Discussion of communicable diseases within the context of

epidemiology. Epidemiological characteristics of communicable diseases. Trends in

geographic distribution of communicable diseases. Pathophysiology, Anatomy

and Physiology: Diseases that affect the head and neck region, Diseases that affect

the respiratory system, Diseases that affect the abdominal region and gastrointestinal

system, Diseases that affect the circulatory system, Diseases that affect the urogenital

system, Diseases that affect the central nervous system, The body’s response

mechanism to communicable disease. National, Regional and Global trends:

Communicable diseases in South Africa Communicable diseases in Kwazulu-Natal,

Global perspective on communicable diseases, Review of strategies for control of

diseases. Specific communicable disease: The following list of communicable

diseases will be discussed under the following headings: Definition of disease;

Symptoms of disease; Key diagnostic features of disease; Prevalence of disease;

Spread and control of infection - (brief discussion based on epidemiological

principles); Treatment and prevention - brief discussion based on general pathology

and pharmacological principles.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

LITERACY AND SKILLS (BACHR1 : ICTL101) Contact time

(hours per week) Theory Practical



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Year Mark 50%

Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Basics of ICTs Hardware, Software, and Users. Internet Search. Word Processing.

Spreadsheets. Presentations. Referencing. Security, Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues.

Economics of ICTs.

INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES AND PRACTICES OF

HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS (BACHR1 : IPPH411) Contact

time (hours per week) Theory

Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Overview and Terminology: Overarching perspectives in health care, globalisation and internationalisation, definitions. Global health care systems: Origins and

history of health care, Differences in design and implementation of health care

systems, western and traditional health care, collaborative and global strategies for

health care, regional influences of climate, regional adaptations in access to health

care and African exemplars of health care practices. Health care workers in the

international context: health worker education and training, safety and protection,

mobility and migration, investment in health workers, legal considerations. Health

care funding: National funding models, IMF, World Bank, USAID etc. Health care

agencies: WHO, Medicine Sans Frontiéres, Red Cross, Gift of the Givers, others.

Cultural diversity of health care: Language, religion, philosophical beliefs.

Complex humanitarian emergencies: causes, determinants and response:

Natural disasters/hazards – famine, drought, outbreak of disease, seismic/volcanic

activity, mudslides/avalanche, floods; Anthropogenic disasters/hazards –

building/bridge collapse, nuclear accidents, mining, environmental pollution, landfill

sites; war conflict – civil strife war, national war, political instability/uprising/revolt,

religious strife, ethnic violence.

ISIZULU FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS (BACHR1 :

-69-

IZHP101)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Cultural and historic background of the Zulus, Grammar: pronunciation, nouns,

verbs, classification nouns, concords. Days of the week, counting 1-10, months of the

year, colours and shapes. Anatomical body parts. Greetings: greeting different

people, figures, and members of society, family and use of different titles.

Conversing: asking how the other person is doing and responding back as to how

you are doing. Deep understanding of different responses and cultural etiquette.

Personal details: name, surname, location, occupation, age, marital status and

dependants. Basic instructions to patients/clients.

ISSUES OF GENDER AND SOCIETY WITHIN HEALTH

CARE (BACHR1 : IGSH101)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Gender and related concepts: gender power relations, gender roles, manifestation of

gender bias, gender as one of the many social determinants of health. The effects of

gender discrimination on health matters of the individual. Effective communication with

patients in a health care setting, demonstrating an awareness of the practitioner-patient

-70-

power differential and gender and cultural differences. The impact of health care

delivery systems in relation to gender. The workplace impact of gender-based

societal and cultural roles and beliefs on health care practitioners.

LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISORY DEVELOPMENT

(BACHR1 : LDSD101 )




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Leaders verses Managers. Qualities of a leader. Leadership styles. Concepts

of leadership. Climate and Culture of leadership. Leadership Theories.

Conflict Management; Diversity. Leadership Development

MYOFASCIAL AND ADJUNCTIVE THERAPIES I (BACHR1:

MYAT311)


Practical


subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Myofascial pain syndromes – Spine related. All principles associated with myofascial pain

and dysfunction (respective trigger points) are described and explained in terms of

-71-

the following: Characteristics, Identification, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and

Corrective actions. Principles associated with the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial

pain and dysfunction syndromes of certain muscles are described under the following

headings: Muscle attachments (reviewed), Muscle innervation (reviewed), Muscle function

(myotatic units), Referred pain pattern, Corrective actions, Activation of trigger points,

Associated symptoms, Needling techniques, Spraying techniques, Stretching techniques,

Other techniques as pertains to specific muscles. The management of myofascial pain

syndromes are described in terms of the: Indications, Contra-indications, Precautions,

Co- usage with other modalities, Technical application of the various modalities

(frequency, intensity, duration etc.) . Including, but not limited to the: Electrotherapy (IFC,

TENS, therapeutic ultrasound, APR, APS, or alternative modality as is pertinent at that

time), Massage, Muscle manipulation techniques, Heat Therapy, Cryotherapy,

Hydrotherapy, Traction, Acupuncture, Meridian therapy, Actinotherapy, Dry needling,

Bio-feedback, Stress management and Other adjunctive techniques relevant to the

treatment of disorders of the relevant myofascial structures, are described and compared

and contrasted. General principles associated with myofascial pain and dysfunction

(respective trigger points) are demonstrated and elicited on patients in terms of the

following: Characteristics, Identification, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and


pain dysfunction syndromes of certain muscles is identified on peers / models / on charts /

pictures and / or slides under the following headings: Muscle attachments (review), Muscle

innervation (review), Muscle function (myotatic units), Referred pain pattern, Corrective

actions, Activation of trigger points, Associated symptoms, Needling techniques, Spraying

techniques, Stretching techniques, Other techniques as pertains to specific muscles. The

management of myofascial pain syndromes are applied clinically with due concern for :

Indications, Contra-indications, Precautions, Co-usage with other modalities, Technical

application of the modality (frequency, intensity, duration etc.). And with respect to the

following modalities: Electrotherapy (IFC, TENS, therapeutic ultrasound, APR, APS, or

alternative modality as is pertinent at that time), Massage, Muscle manipulation

techniques, Heat Therapy, Cryotherapy, Hydrotherapy, Traction, Acupuncture, Dry

needling, Bio-feedback, Stress management, and other adjunctive techniques relevant to

the treatment of disorders of the relevant myofascial structures, are described, compared

and contrasted. The appropriate myofascial and adjunctive therapies are correctly applied

to the patient for the presenting condition, in the clinical setting.

MYOFASCIAL AND ADJUNCTIVE THERAPIES II (BACHR1: MYAT411)


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subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Myofascial pain syndromes – Extremity related. All principles associated with myofascial

pain and dysfunction (respective trigger points) are described and explained in terms of

the following: Characteristics, Identification, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and


pain and dysfunction syndromes of certain muscles are described under the following

headings: Muscle attachments (reviewed), Muscle innervation (reviewed), Muscle function

(myotatic units), Referred pain pattern, Corrective actions, Activation of trigger points,

Associated symptoms, Needling techniques, Spraying techniques, Stretching techniques,

Other techniques as pertains to specific muscles. The management of myofascial pain

syndromes are described in terms of the: Indications, Contra-indications, Precautions,

Co-usage with other modalities, Technical application of the various modalities

(frequency, intensity, duration etc.). Including, but not limited to the: Acupuncture and

variations of acupuncture applications, Meridian therapy, Dry needling, Bio-feedback,

Stress management, Others as relevant, Review of modalities covered in Myofascial and

Adjunctive Therapies I. General principles associated with myofascial pain and dysfunction

(respective trigger points) are demonstrated and elicited on patients in terms of the

following: Characteristics, Identification, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and


pain dysfunction syndromes of certain muscles is identified on peers / models / on charts /

pictures and / or slides under the following headings: Muscle attachments (review), Muscle

innervation (review), Muscle function (myotatic units), Referred pain pattern, Corrective

actions, Activation of trigger points, Associated symptoms, Needling techniques, Spraying

techniques, Stretching techniques, Other techniques as pertains to specific muscles. The

management of myofascial pain syndromes are applied clinically with due concern for :

Indications, Contra- indications, Precautions, Co-usage with other modalities, Technical

application of the modality (frequency, intensity, duration etc.). And with respect to the

following modalities: Acupuncture and variations of acupuncture applications, Meridian

therapy, Dry needling, Bio-feedback, Stress management, Others as relevant, Review of

modalities covered in Myofascial and Adjunctive Therapies I and other adjunctive

techniques relevant to the treatment of disorders of the relevant myofascial structures,

are described, compared and

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contrasted.

PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF MEDICINE (BACHR1 :

PAHM111)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The history of healing in terms of Western, Eastern and African traditions and

cultures is explained and compared. The development of medicine is compared and

contrasted. “Wellness” and its integral relationship to healthcare are described. The

concepts of “Reductionism” and “Holism” are compared and contrasted in the

medical contexts. Within the scientific method, methods, referencing technique and

plagiarism are identified and discussed. The current debates on the future trends of

healthcare are analysed. The generalist and specialist schools of thought are

described and defended. The demographics of patients is described and related to the

above. Inductive and deductive reasoning will be compared and contrasted. Kuhn’s

view of scientific change is described with relevance to the health care. Popper’s view

of science is described with respect to its effect on positivist science and medical

research. Other prominent philosophers’ approaches to science and research will be

analysed. Self- awareness is demonstrated through discussion and interaction with

peers (this may be personal, professional and social interaction). The ecosystemic

paradigm is applied to the context of the self and other. Theories applied :

Constructs such as Realism, Empiricism, Rationalism, Anti-realism, Positivism, Logical

Positivisism. Sociological constructs as they impact on the delivery of medical care.

Medical models / paradigms (e.g. Biomedical Model, Biopsychosocial Model). The self

is understood within a multicultural society. Sensitivity for cultural norms and values

is developed in terms of the self.

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PHYSICS 101 (BACHR1 : PHYS111)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered MECHANICS: Fundamental Units & Dimensional Analysis, Vectors and Scalars,

One Dimension Kinematics, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Work, Energy & Power

Impulse and Momentum, Rotational Dynamics. PROPERTIES OF MATTER:

Phases of Matter, Elasticity Density and Specific Gravity, Pressure in Fluids,

Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure, Pascal's Principle, Buoyancy and

Archimedes' Principle, Surface Tension, Capillary Action, Viscosity, Poiseuille's Law.

PHYSICS 102 (BACHR1 : PHYS121)



subjects



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered THERMAL PHYSICS: Temperature, Heat and Temperature Change, Thermal

Expansion of Solids, Heat and Phase Change, Calorimetry, Heat Transfer Mechanisms.

WAVES & SOUND : Oscillatory Motion, Wave Motion & Types of Waves,

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Frequency, Amplitude and Wavelength, Speed of Waves on Strings, Reflection of

Waves, Sound Waves, Energy and Intensity of Sound Waves, Doppler Effect.

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS : Reflection, Refraction & Snell’s Law, Dispersion,

Critical Angles & Total Internal Reflection, Images Formed by Plane Mirrors, Images

Formed by Spherical Mirrors, Images Formed by Refraction: Thin Lenses.

ELECTRICITY& MAGNETISM : Electric Charge, Insulators and Conductors,

Charging by Friction, Conduction and Induction, Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field &

Electric Field Lines, Electric Current & Potential Difference, Resistance & Ohm’s Law,

Series & Parallel Circuits, Fundamentals of Magnetism. RADIOACTIVITY &

RADIATION : Properties of Nuclei, Binding Energy, Decay Processes (Alpha, Beta

& Gamma), Decay Constant & Half-Life, Activity, Medical Applications of

Radioactivity, Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. QUANTUM PHYSICS :

Blackbody Radiation and Plank’s Hypothesis, Photoelectric Effect, Photons &

Electromagnetic Waves, Wave Properties of Particles.

PHYSIOLOGY IA (BACHR1 : PHGY111)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Anatomy and physiology are defined. The relationships between anatomy and physiology

are explained. Cells and tissues: The levels of structural organization that make up the

human body are described. The eleven systems of the human body, the organs present in

each, and their general functions are listed. The important life processes of the human

body are listed and described in context. The concept of homeostasis is defined. The

components of a feedback system are described with relation to their function. The

operation of negative and positive feedback systems are compared and contrasted. The

reasons for homeostatic imbalances in the causation of disorders are explained. The

properties of water that makes it such a vital compound in the body are explained in the

context of the human body. The term “electrolyte” is defined in relation to human

physiology. The characteristics of acids and bases are compared and contrasted. The pH

scale as well as where some of the body fluids fit into this scale is explained.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in terms of their structure and functions

in the body are tabulated in order to compare and contrast

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them. The different subgroups of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are

listed and examples of these compounds are given. The term enzyme is defined and its

role explained in the context of its function. The importance of ATP in the human body is

discussed. The cell organelles are identified on a diagram. The cell organelles are

described in terms of their structure and function. The different types of cells that form

when cells diversify are listed. The structure and function of the plasma membrane is

described. The processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane is

described. The differences between active and passive transport processes are analysed.

The term “gene” is defined in the context of its role in protein synthesis. The roles of

DNA and RNA in protein synthesis are explained. The processes of transcription and

translation are described in the context of protein synthesis. Integumentary system:

The different types of body membranes are described. A diagram of the skin is labelled

noting its components. The various layers of the epidermis and dermis are described in

terms of structure and function. The basis of skin colour is identified and explained. The

functions of the skin are listed, with a reference to how the function is accomplished in

the context of the physiological processes evident in the skin. The different types of

glands found in the skin are compared and contrasted in terms of their structure and

physiological function. Muscular system: Describe similarities and differences in the

structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue and indicate where they are

found in the body. Define and explain the role of the following: endomysium, perimysium,

epimysium, tendon and aponeurosis. List the functions of muscle. List the three types of

muscle. Describe the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle and explain the role of

actin-and myosin -containing myofilaments. Describe how an action potential is initiated in

a muscle cell. State the importance of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle. Describe the

structure of the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle. Name the neurotransmitter

responsible for skeletal muscle contraction. Describe the sliding filament theory of muscle

contraction. Explain what is meant by the term “graded responses” of skeletal muscle.

Explain the effect of increased stimulus strength on muscle response. List the different

sources of energy for muscle contraction. Explain when a muscle is fatigued. Explain how

oxygen debt occurs. Differentiate between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions.

Define the term “muscle tone”. Skeletal system: Identify the bones of the body.

Describe the functions of the skeletal system. Explain the formation of a long bone.

Nervous system : List the structures and describe the basic functions of the nervous

system. Explain the structural and functional classification of the nervous system. Define

CNS and PNS and list the major parts of each. Describe the structure and functions of

the different types of support cells of the nervous system. State the functions of neurons

and describe the general structure of a neuron. Distinguish between gray matter and

white matter. Distinguish between nuclei and ganglia. Classify neurons according to their

structure and function and give examples of each class. List the types of general sensory

receptors and describe their functions. Describe the events that lead to the generation of

a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another. Define the term reflex

arc and list its elements. Identify the principal

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parts of the brain on a diagram. State the functions of these regions. Name the three

meningeal layers and state their functions. Discuss the formation and function of

cerebrospinal fluid and the blood-brain barrier. Describe spinal cord structure and state

two important functions of the spinal cord. Describe the general structure of a nerve.

Identify the cranial nerves by number, name them and list the major functions of each.

Describe the origin and fiber composition of a) the ventral and dorsal roots, b) the spinal

nerve proper and c) the ventral and dorsal rami. Identify the site of origin and explain the

function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous

system. Contrast the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions on the

following organs: heart, lungs, digestive system, blood vessels. Compare the somatic and

autonomic nervous systems with reference to (number of motor neurons and effector

organs) neurotransmitters released. Special senses : Identify the different structures of

the eye on a diagram and state the function of each structure identified. List and describe

the tunics of the eye. Differentiate between rod and cone function. Differentiate between

the blind spot and the fovea centralis. Describe image formation on the retina. Discuss

the formation and functions of the humors of the eye. Trace the pathway of light through

the eye to the retina. Define the following terms: astigmatism, blind spot, cataract,

emmetropia, glaucoma, hyperopia, myopia and refraction. Explain the importance of

accommodation. Trace the visual pathway to the optic nerve. Discuss the importance of

the pupillary and convergence reflexes. Identify the structures of the external, middle and

inner ear and list the functions of each. Explain the function of the organ of Corti in

hearing. Identify the receptor organs for equilibrium and describe how they function.

Describe the receptors for the senses of taste and smell. Endocrine system: Define the

terms hormone and target organ. Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.

Describe the two general mechanisms of hormonal action. Explain how various endocrine

glands are stimulated to release their hormonal products. Define negative feedback and

describe its role in regulating blood levels of various hormones. List hormones produced

by the endocrine glands and describe their location and general functions. Discuss ways in

which hormones promote body homeostasis by giving examples of hormonal action.

Describe the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

Blood: Identify the different blood cells and discuss their functions. Describe the

functions of plasma. Describe the clotting pathway. Compare the different blood types

and explain the consequences of incorrect blood type transfer. Cardiovascular system:

Describe the location of the heart. Describe the coverings of the heart and explain the

importance of the serous fluid present there. Describe the layers of the wall of the heart.

Identify the major anatomical areas of the heart on a diagram. Describe the flow of blood

through the chambers of the heart and through the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

Describe the structure and function of the valves of the heart. Discuss the coronary

circulation. Name the components of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart and

describe the pathway of an impulse through this system. Define: systole, diastole, stroke

volume, a cardiac cycle. Define heart sound and heart murmurs. Explain how heart rate is

regulated. List the different types of blood vessels

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and state the functions of each. Describe the tunics of blood vessels. Compare

arteries, capillaries and veins structurally. Define blood pressure and pulse and name

several pulse points.

PHYSIOLOGY IB (BACHR1 : PHGY121)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Immunity and the Lymphatic system: Name the structures composing the lymphatic

system and explain how the lymphatic system is functionally related to the cardiovascular

and immune systems. Compare lymph capillaries and blood capillaries structurally.

Describe the composition of lymph and explain its formation and transport. Describe the

structure and function of lymph nodes, tonsils, the thymus, Peyer’s patches and the

spleen. Respiratory system: Identify, on a diagram, the structures forming the

respiratory passageway from the nasal cavity to the alveoli of the lungs. Identify the

functions of each respiratory system structure. Describe the structure and function of the

lungs and the pleural covering. Describe the respiratory membrane. State the functions of

macrophages and surfactant in the lungs. List and describe the four processes that are

collectively called respiration. Describe the events that cause inspiration and expiration.

Define the following respiratory volumes and capacities: tidal volume, vital capacity,

expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume and residual volume. Describe the

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in external and internal respiration. Explain how

oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood. Name the brain areas involved

in control of respiration. Digestive system: Identify, on a diagram, the organs of the

alimentary canal and the accessory digestive organs. List the six major processes that

comprise the essential activities of the digestive system. Describe the layers of the walls

of the alimentary canal organs. Describe the basic anatomy of the stomach. List the

secretions of the stomach and outline the functions of each. Describe the basic anatomy

and physiology of the small intestine and large intestine. Explain how villi aid digestive

processes in the small intestine. Identify the location of the salivary glands and describe

the composition and functions of their secretions. List the functions of the pancreas, the

liver and the gallbladder. State the function of bile in the digestive tract. Describe the

mechanisms of

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swallowing and defecation. Describe how foodstuffs in the digestive tract are mixed

and moved along. List the major enzymes/enzyme groups produced by the digestive

organs/accessory glands and name the foodstuffs on which they act. Name the end

products of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. List the hormones that act in

digestion, state their source, stimulus for their release and their functions. Urinary

system: Identify the internal and external gross anatomical features of the kidney on

a diagram. List the functions of the kidneys. Describe the blood supply of the kidney.

Describe the structure and function of the nephron. Describe the process of urine

formation. Discuss the characteristics of urine. Describe the general structure and

function of the ureters, bladder and urethra. Define micturition and explain how it is

controlled. Describe the difference in control of the external and internal urethral

sphincters. List the body fluid compartments. Explain the importance of controlling

the water- and electrolyte balance. Reproductive system : Identify, on a diagram,

the organs of the male reproductive system and discuss the general function of each

structure. Name the exocrine and endocrine products of the testes. Discuss the

composition of semen and name the glands that produce it. Describe the events in

spermatogenesis. Draw and label a diagram of a mature sperm cell and state the

functions of each part of the cell. Describe the effect of FSH and LH on testis

functioning. List the functions of testosterone. Identify, on a diagram, the organs of

the female reproductive tract and describe the general function of each structure.

Describe the functions of the Graafian follicle and corpus luteum of the ovary. Define

endometrium, myometrium and ovulation. Identify, on a diagram, the following

regions of the uterus: cervix, fundus and body. Describe the events in oogenesis.

Describe the influence of FSH and LH on ovarian function. Describe the phases and

control of the menstrual cycle. List the functions of estrogen and progesterone.

Describe the structure of the mammary glands.

PHYSIOLOGY IIA (BACHR1 : PHGG201)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered

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Describe the structural and functional divisions of NS. Describe the structure of a neuron

and explain the functional significance of its principal regions. Describe the locations and

functions of the different types of supporting cells. Explain what is meant by the blood

brain barrier and discuss its significance. Explain how a myelin sheath is formed. Describe

this sheath of schwann cells and explain its role in the regeneration of cut peripheral

nerve fibers. Define depolarization, repolarization& hyperpolarization. Describe the

events that occur during the production of an action potential. Describe the properties of

action potentials and explain the significance of the all-or-none law

and the refractory periods. Explain how action potentials are generated along a

myelinated and a nonmyelinated axon. Describe the role of Ach as a Neurotransmitter. Describe the transmission of electrical impulses along the Neuro-

muscular junction. Describe the functioning of monamines as neurotransmitters. Describe

the function of neuropeptides. Describe the function of Ventricles. Describe the major

brain regions. Describe the organization of the cerebrum and the primary roles of its

lobes. Describe the location and functions of the sensory cortex and motor cortex.

Explain the lateralization of functions of the right and left hemispheres. Describe the

different types of aphasias that result from damage to specific regions of the brain.

Describe the structures involved in the limbic system and discuss the possible role of this

system in emotion. Describe the diencephalons & explain their significance. Explain the

role of the medulla oblongata in the control of visceral functions. Describe the structure

of spinal cord and explain how ascending and descending tracts are named. Describe the

origin and pathways of the pyramidal motor tracts and explain the significance of these

descending tracts. Describe the structures and pathways involved in a reflex arc.

Differentiate between somatic & autonomic motor reflex. Describe structure & functions

of sympathetic & parasympathetic division. List & describe functions of the

neurotransmitters of preganglionic & postganglionlic neurons of the sympathetic &

parasympathetic systems. Describe the structural and functional relationships between

sympathetic system and the adrenal medulla. Distinguish between the different types of

adrenergic receptors, give their anatomic locations. Explain the physiological and clinical

significance of adrenergic receptors. Describe the 2 categories of cholinergic receptors.

Describe the effects produced by stimulation of these receptors. Explain the antagonistic,

complementary, and cooperative effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innevation in

different organs. Describe the higher neural control of the autonomic system. Give

examples of different types of cutaneous receptors & describe the neural pathways for

the cutaneous senses. Explain the purpose of pain. State the two types of pain. State the

stimuli that excite pain receptors. Differentiate between the pathways that carry fast and

slow pain. Describe the pain sensitive areas of the cranial vault. Differentiate between

somatic, referred, visceral and phantom pain. Describe the structure and function of the

olfactory receptors and explain how odor discrimination might be accomplished. Identify

the functions of the different regions of the ear. Discuss in detail the functions of the

organ of Corti. Describe the neural pathway of hearing. The nature of sound waves is

explained. The effect of exposure to loud sounds is discussed. The physiology of hearing

is explained.

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The auditory pathway is described. The age-related changes that occur in the eyes and

ears are described. Describe the pathway of light into the eye. Discuss the structure and

function of the retina. Describe the neural pathways from the retina, explaining the

differences in pathways from different regions of the visual field. Discuss the defects of

vision and hearing. Define the terms hormone and target organ. Distinguish between

endocrine and exocrine glands. Describe how hormones can be classified according to

their chemical composition. Explain how steroid and nonsteroid hormones can affect

target cells. Describe the two general mechanisms of hormonal action. Discuss how

negative feedback regulates hormone secretion. Discuss the ways in which various

hormones promote body homeostasis. The locations of and relationship between the

hypothalamus and pituitary glands is described. The location, histology, hormones and

functions of the anterior and posterior pituitary is described. The “diabetogenic effect” of

human growth hormone is discussed. The location, histology, hormones and functions of

the thyroid gland is described. The formation of thyroid hormones and the control of

their secretion is described. The location, histology, hormone and functions of the

parathyroid glands is described. The location, histology, hormones and functions of the

adrenal glands is described. The control of the secretion of aldosterone by the renin-

angiotensin-aldosterone pathway is described. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is described

briefly. The location, histology, hormones and functions of the pancreatic islets is

described. The regulation of the secretion of insulin and glucagon is described. The

location, histology, hormone and functions of the pineal gland and thymus is described.

The hormones secreted by cell in tissues and organs other than endocrine glands are

listed, and their functions described. The actions of eicosanoids and growth factors are

described. Describe the interaction of hormones during physical and psychological stress.

Outline the roles of various hormones in reproduction. The effects of aging on the

endocrine system are described. Describe the different components of the CVS and its

overall functions. Describe the composition of blood plasma and the classification of the

formed elements of the blood. Describe the ABO system of red blood cell antigens and

explain the significance of the blood types. Explain how a blood clot is formed and how it

is ultimately destroyed. Discuss RBC formation and its destruction. Describe the path of

the blood through the heart and function of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

Describe the structures and pathways of the pulmonary and systemic circulations.

Describe the structures and pathways of electrical impulse conduction in the heart.

Describe the electrical activity in the sinoatrial node and explain why this tissue functions

as the normal peacemaker of the heart. Relate the time involved in the production of an

action potential to the time involved in the contraction of myocardial cells and explain the

significance of this relationship. Describe the pressure change that occur in the ventricles

during the cardiac cycle and release these changes to the action of the valves and flow of

blood. Explain the origin of the heart sounds and state when these sounds are produced

in the cardiac cycle. Explain how electrocardiogram waves are produced and relate these

waves to other events in the cardiac cycle. Compare the structure of an artery and vein,

and explain how the structure of each type of vessel relates to its function.

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Describe the structure of capillaries and explain the physiological significance of this

structure. Describe the components and functions of the lymphatic system. Define cardiac

output and explain how cardiac rate and stroke volume affect the cardiac output. Explain

how autonomic nerves regulate the cardiac rate and the strength of ventricular

contraction. Explain the intrinsic regulation of stroke volume (the Frank- Starling Law of

the heart). List the factors that affect the venous return of blood to the heart. Explain

how tissue fluid is formed and how it is returned to the capillary blood. Explain how

oedema may be produced. Explain how antidiuretic hormone helps to regulate the blood

volume, plasma osmolality, and the blood pressure. Explain the role of aldosterone in the

regulation of blood volume and pressure. Describe the renin-angiotensin system and

discuss the significance in cardiovascular regulation. Use Poiseuille’s law to explain how

blood flow is regulated. Define total peripheral resistance and explain how vascular

resistance is regulated by extrinsic control mechanisms. Describe the functions of nitric

oxide and endothelin- 1 in the paracrine regulation of blood flow. Describe the intrinsic

mechanisms involved in the auto-regulation of blood flow. Explain the mechanisms by

which blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles is regulated. Describe the changes that

occur in the cardiac output and in the distribution of blood flow during exercise. Describe

the cutaneous circulation and explain how circulation in the skin is regulated. List the

factors that regulate the arterial blood pressure. Describe the baroreceptor reflex and

explain its significance in blood pressure regulation. Explain how the sounds of Korotkoff

are produced and how these sounds are used to measure blood pressure. The functions

of the respiratory system and the structures of the lungs are briefly described. Explain

how the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures vary during ventilation and relate

these changes to Boyle’s law. Define the terms compliance and elasticity and explain how

these lung properties affect ventilation. Discuss the significance of surface tension in lung

mechanisms, explain how the law of LaPlace applies to lung function, and describe the

role of pulmonary surfactant. Explain how inspiration and expiration and expiration are

accomplished during normal & forced breathing. Describe the accessory respiratory

muscles that are used in forced breathing. Define the various lung volumes and capacities

that can be measured by spirometry and explain how obstructive diseases can be

detected by the FEV test. Explain how the process of gas exchange occurs within the lung.

External and Internal Respiration. Differentiate between Oxygen and carbon dioxide

transport. Distinguish between the factors that contribute to gas transport, in terms of

the oxygen dissociation curve, etc. Explain how acid base balance is achieved: acidosis vs

alkalosis. Explain how the acid -base balance of the blood is affected by carbon dioxide

and bicarbonate, and describe the roles of the lungs and kidneys in maintaining acid-base

balance. Describe how breathing is regulated. Describe the nature of some pulmonary

disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and fibrosis.

PHYSIOLOGY IIB (BACHR1 : PHGY201)

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Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The urinary system covers a : Description of the structure and function of kidneys.

Description of the structure & role of the nephron. Description of the structural and

functional relationships between the nephron tubules and their association blood vessels.

Description of the composition of glomerular ultrafiltrate and explain and explain how it

is produced. Description of PCT: Salt & water Reabsorption. Discussion of reabsorption

at different levels of nephron tubules. Explanation of the action of antidiuretic hormone

(ADH) in the maintenance of homeostasis. Explanation of renal plasma threshold.

Definition of the term renal plasma clearance and explain why the clearance of inulin is

equal to the glomerular filtration rate. Description of the mechanisms of glucose

reabsorption and define the terms transport maximum and renal plasma threshold.

Description of the mechanism of Na+ reabsorption in the distal tubule and explain why

this reabsorption occurs together with the secretion of K+. Description of the effects of

aldosterone on the distal convoluted tubule and explain how aldosterone secretion is

regulated. Explanation of how activation of the rennin-angiotensin system results in the

stimulation of aldosterone secretion. Describe the hormonal changes that occur during

puberty, the mechanisms that control puberty onset, and the secondary sex

characteristics that develop during puberty. Explain how the secretions of pituitary

gonadototropic hormones (FSH and LH) are regulated in the male and describe the

actions of FSH and LH on the testis. Describe the structure of the testis and the

interaction between the interstitial Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. Describe the

sequential events of spermatogenesis Explain the hormonal control of spermatogenesis

and describe the effects of androgens on the male accessory sex organs. Describe the

composition of semen. Explain the physiology of erection and ejaculation, and discuss the

various factors that affect male fertility. Describe oogenesis and the stages of follicle

development through ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum. Explain the

hormonal interactions involved in the control of ovulation. Explain the function and fate

of the corpus luteum. Explain how the secretion of FSH and LH is controlled through

negative and positive feedback mechanisms during menstruation. Describe the cycle

changes that occur in the endometrium and the hormonal mechanisms that cause these

changes. Discuss

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contraception.

PRACTICE MANAGEMENT and JURISPRUDENCE I

(MTCHR1: PMJU501)


Practical 0

Assessment Plan Theory Tests and assignments 40%

Examination (1x3hr paper) 60%



Final Mark 50%

Topics covered

A. Practice management: Office location and design, Equipment, supplies, purchasing and leasing, Accounting, record keeping and filing systems, Financing, Taxation,

Single and partnership practices and contracts, Staff, Insurance, Medical schemes,

Performance management, Workmen’s Compensation and M.V.A., Professional

associations, Practitioner/patient relationship, Patients, The public, professional associates

and referrals, Business Ethics, Labour relations act in respect of practice. B. Jurisprudence: General medical and health legislation, Chiropractors Homoeopaths and Allied Health Service Professions, Council Act and Allied Health Professions Acts as amended. Rules and regulations, Board decisions and requirements.

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (BACHR1 : PPTH301)



subjects


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Year Mark 50%


Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Communication and listening skills are developed. Emotional distress is recognised in

the self and peers. Emotional distress is dealt with through an appropriate

therapeutic technique, both in terms of the self and of the peer. Communication in

the therapeutic situation is unambiguous through effective verbal and written media.

The ability to follow and give clear instructions to patients must be demonstrated.

The concepts of conflict, negotiation, mediation and collaboration must be identified

and applied in the clinical practice context to facilitate the best resolution of the

given context. The student’s own professional development is critically assessed.

Strategies for stress and burnout are effectively implemented by the student in terms

of themselves and a peer. The nature and function of natural and human sciences are

described and debated with reference to a clinical setting. The various psychological

and human development theories are described and compared. These theories are

applied in a simple assessment of the patient. Psychosocial development in the first 2

years, infant, childhood, adolescence and adulthood are described and applied in case

studies. Body language is observed to support the interpretation of the patient’s vocal

indicators in face-to-face interactions. The appropriate information is extracted from

the patient’s verbal communication and an assessment is made of the patient’s needs.

Barriers to effective communication in the clinical environment are identified in order

to facilitate communication with patient. Multi-cultural sensitivity and appreciation is

demonstrated, in the physical examination of fellow students.

PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY HEALTH (BACHR1: PCOH101) Contact time (hours per week) Theory

Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Key concepts in epidemiology : Define epidemiology. Discuss the difference between

ratios, proportions and rates. Define incidence, prevalence and understand the

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difference between these measures. The principles and methods of demography,

epidemiology and biostatistics and their relevance to health are discussed: Define basic

demographic concepts and their application to health service. Discuss the causation and

prevention of disease. Describe design strategies in epidemiological research. Describe

the important ethical debates in epidemiology. Presenting and summarizing data :

Describe the statistical method and its application. Differentiate different types of

variables. Use frequency tables and graphs to present data. Calculate summary measures

for numerical data. Planning and conducting epidemiological studies : Discuss the

relevance of epidemiological studies to the health sector. Describe the different methods

of sampling. Describe the different types of study design and their application.

Differentiate between validity, precision and accuracy. Define and describe the different

types of error in epidemiological studies. Analysing epidemiological studies :Outline the

use of the normal curve in statistics. Describe standard error and confidence intervals.

Describe the hypothesis testing. Identify and discuss common statistical tests and their

application. Define the concepts of p values. Interpret the results of statistical tests. The

above are discussed with particular relevance to South African and in particular KwaZulu

Natal and within the context of prevailing disease profiles and patterns.

RADIOLOGY IV (BTCHR1: RDLG401)


Practical 4

Assessment Plan (continuous assessment) Assessments 100%


Final Mark 50%

Topics covered Normal anatomy and variants. Common pathologies. Introduction to radiographic

interpretation (plain film, CT, MRI, bone scan). Congenital anomalies, Trauma,

Neoplasms, Infections and inflammations, Degenerative disorders, Metabolic

disorders, Common cardiovascular disorders, Miscellaneous conditions, Report

writing, Patient positioning (Clinic).

REFLECTIONS ON QUANTATIVE THINKING (BACHR1:

RQTH101)

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Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The content outlined below is incorporated within the context of a variety of

General Education themes : Quantitative measurement of time and space - history of

measurement, modern SI units and conversions, estimates. Critical reasoning- logic,

deductive and inductive reasoning, problem solving, puzzles. Ratio and proportion,

percentage calculations, carbon footprint. Quantitative Comparison, inflation, salary

increase. Use of the calculator, Excel spreadsheet, Average, standard deviation,

Gaussian distribution, mortality statistics. Graphs and charts, tables, data

interpretation, recognition of patterns, climate change. Compound interest, loans and

saving, credit card. How to analyse an issue. How to prepare/analyse an argument.

Decision making.

RESEARCH METHODS AND BIOETHICS (BACHR1 :

RMBE411)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Understanding knowledge. Research terminology. Qualitative and Quantitative

Research paradigms and their relevant research study designs. Writing a literature

review utilising appropriate scientific writing and methods of literature appraisal.

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Research methodology including research designs, sampling, data collection, basic

biostatics. Referencing Techniques. Writing a proposal. Principles of research ethics.

RESEARCH METHODS AND TECHNIQUES I (BTCHR1:

RMCH102)


Practical 0

Assessment Continuous assessment:

Theory Tests 10%

Assignment 60%

Research proposal approval 20%

Topic approval 10%



Final Mark 50%

Topics covered

Section A – Statistics : This section will comprise the appropriate summary and

inferential statistics required in order for students to complete a research project as

approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences. Section B - Research Methods : Research Information, Research Design, Research Problem, Literature Review, Research Methods Qualitative, Research Methods Quantitative, Ethics, Research Proposal/Budget, Presentation and Publication.

Research Project and Dissertation: Students will be expected to develop their G186 proposal which was submitted as part of Research Methods and Techniques 1,

into a mini-dissertation within the time frame provided by the Department.

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RESEARCH PROJECT AND DISSERTATION (MTCHR1:

RPLX512 / RPLX522)

Contact time (hours per week) 13

Assessment Plan

Assessment 100%


Final Mark 50%

General Comment Students will research an approved topic and write a dissertation which will include

information about the materials and methods used, the results obtained, discussion

of the findings and drawing conclusions where possible. The project may be

completed in one year with a maximum of two years.

SOCIOLOGY (BACHR1 : SLST211)


Practical



Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered SOCIOLOGY : The socialisation process, Social structure, Belief systems, Social

problems. PSYCHOLOGY : The nature, scope and methods of psychology, Principle

approaches in psychology, Developmental psychology, The senses, perception and

mental processes, Learning, Social influences, The nature, scope and methods of

sociology.

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SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY IA (BACHR1 : SYSP311)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Introduction, Diseases of the: Skin, Blood vessels, Heart, Haematopoietic and

Lymphoid system, Lungs and Upper Respiratory tract, Kidneys and collecting system.

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY IB (BACHR1 : SYSP321)




Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered Introduction, Diseases of the: Gastrointesinal tract, Liver, Biliary tract, Pancreas,

Musculoskeletal system, Nervous system, Endocrine system, Female genital system

and breast, Male genital system.

VALUES IN THE WORKPLACE (BACHR1 : VWKP101)


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Final Mark 50%

Topics Covered The module will begin with a reflection on personal values and move to a discussion on

how they intersect with values in the workplace. Small group discussions will be formed

around how to build positive values in the workplace and the vital themes of ethics,

respect, interconnectedness, honesty, creativity and human diversity will form the basis

for building “sacred spaces at work.” This will set the tone to unpack issues around

leadership values and ethics and ethical decision making. The final section of the module

will integrate all these aspects and students will be required to identify the implications of

what they have learnt to develop social responsibility and their roles as citizens.

E and OE

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HANDBOOK FOR 2020 · 2020. 10. 6. · “Leading Transformative and Innovative Health Sciences Education” MISSION “Developing Holistic Professionals responsive to Healthcare needs”

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