Soil Mechanics LaboratoryCivil Engineering Department Faculty of
EngineeringUniversitas Indonesia
SOIL MECHANICS REPORTPRACTICANT NAME: Fajar Surya
Muhammad1306437170 Fikri Dwisatrio1306437132 Raihan Alisha
Nabila1306437126GROUP: PI4DATE OF PRACTICUM: March 4th, 2015TITLE
OF THE PRACTICUM: Hand Boring & SamplingASSISTANT: Reza Riil
Akbar PSIGNATURE AND SCORE:
I. PREFACEA. Standardization and ReferencesASTM D 1452 Standard
Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings ASTM
D 1587 Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
Geotechnical PuposesBhudu, Muni. Soil Mechanics and Foundations.
John Wiley & Sons. New York. 2010Soil Mechanics Module. Buku
Panduan Praktikum Mekanika Tanah. Laboratory of Soil Mechanics,
Universitas Indonesia. Depok. 2015
B. ObjectiveThis experimental work is intended to check the soil
characteristics visually about the color, the grain size, and the
type of the soil. The experimental work is also conducted to take
an undisturbed soil sample that will be used in the next practicum.
C. Tools and Equipment Auger Iwan Two rods and one spin head Holder
rod Wrench Socket Two tubes Hammer Plastics Wax Oil
D. Basic Theory and FormulasIn this practicum disturbed soil
sample and undisturbed soil sample is taken. Disturbed sample is
the soil sample taken without working to protect the original
structure of the soil. Undisturbed sample is the soil sample that
still shows the original characteristics of the soil. Undisturbed
sample is ideally doesnt experience the change in the structure,
water content, and chemical composition. The actual undisturbed
soil is impossibly taken, but for the good practice then the damage
can be minimalized.
Auger BoringAuger boring is one of the simple methods in doing
the soil investigation and sampling. The boring activity can be
done in the certain depths, according to the condition of water
soil surface, soil characteristics, then the equipment used.
Auger boring can be done manually by humans hands (hand-operated
auger) and can be done mechanically by machine (machine-operated
auger). In this practicum, the boring can be done manually using
Auger Iwan which consists of two segments of steel plate (tube)
with two blades in both edges.
Picture 1. Auger type for Boring
Undisturbed Soil SampleUndisturbed soil sample can be taken by
using thin steel tube (ASTM D 1587). There is a thin steel tube
requirement to fulfill the inside clearance ratio requirement.
Picture two shows the type of a tube that is used in taking the
undisturbed soil sample.
Picture 2. Tube is used for taking the undisturbed sample
Boring LogBoring log is a result boring note that is used as the
identification of the soil layer type. In the boring log contain
some information, such as: The depth of the soil layer Point
surface elevation, soil layer elevation, and water soil surface
elevation Graphically soil type symbol Soil description: type of
soil, color, consistency/density Position and the depth of the
samples in undisturbed and disturbed condition General information
about the name of the project, location, date, and the person
responsible of boring workTable 1. The symbols of several soil type
for boring log
II. PRACTICUMA. Practicum Preparation1. Preparing the practicum
tools and equipment2. Choosing the boring point and cleaning the
soil surface from grass and stones3. Giving oil to the edges of the
steel rodB. Procedure1. Placing the Auger Iwan on the Boring rod
and in the boring point2. Spinning the boring in clockwise and
giving it some loads. The boring rod has to be perpendicular3.
Inserting the Auger Iwan into the soil until it reaches 30 cm
depth, then taking the disturbed soil sample and placing it in the
plastic4. In the 1 meter depth, changing the Auger Iwan with socket
and tube, then placing the hammer load onto the steel rod for
sinking the tube to the soil and taking the undisturbed soil 5.
After the tube is full of soil, lifting the tube, getting it off
from the socket, and then closing both of the edges of the tube
using wax. The sample taken is the undisturbed soil sample
III. DATA RESULT AND CALCULATIONA. Practicum ResultFrom the soil
sample taken, we can make a boring log that consists of soil type,
color and other description visually.Table 2. Boring Log DEPTH ( m
)WATERLEVELSAMPLESYMBOLVISUAL
CLASSIFICATIONCOLORDESCRIPTIONCONSISTENCY
0.0 -0.3 mDisturbedSilty ClayDark BrownStiff
0.3 -0.8 mUndisturbedClayReddish BrownStiffer, soft
B. Calculation
The formula below is the requirement for the tubes diameter for
taking the undisturbed soil sample.
IV. ANALYSIS A. Practicum AnalysisThis experimental work is
intended to check the soil characteristics visually about the
color, the grain size, and the type of the soil. The experimental
work is also conducted to take an undisturbed soil sample that will
be used in the next practicum. Before we started the hand boring
and sampling practicum, we needed to prepare the tools and
equipment such as the Auger Iwan, two steel rods and its spinner,
holder rod, wrench, three tubes for three groups, socket, hammer
load, plastics and oil. There was one tool that was not used in the
actual practicum, the wax. Auger Iwan is used to take the disturbed
soil sample at the depth of more less 0.3 m. First we had to choose
the point where we will conduct the practicum, when we found the
point, we cleaned the grass just above the soil, and we took auger
iwan and two steel rods and its spinner to put the auger iwan into
the soil so the soil will be taken to the auger iwans tube. We spun
the Auger Iwan with the help of two steel rods connected to the
Auger Iwan and to fasten it went inside the soil, one of the
students could sit above the steel rods and being spun by the other
students. After we saw the auger iwan was full of soil, we took it
out again using rods and wrench, it was hard to pull it off because
of the rain. The soil sample taken by the auger iwan was the
disturbed one. Before we placed the disturbed sample in a plastic,
we could classify what type of soil by observing the texture, color
and size then wrote it down on the boring log. After Using Auger
Iwan, we used another steel rods, thin steel tube and the hammer
load to take the disturbed sample, before connecting each steel
rods and steel tube, we put some oil on the edge of each rod so it
would lock all the rods and the soil would not spill when we took
the tube out from the soil.By using the hammer load, the tube could
went through inside the deeper soil until it reached at about 0.8
m. After that we had to pull the tube out from the soil, we used
the teeter board method. We used a wrench to be locked on the
boring rod and placed it above a steel rod that was placed above a
concrete to lift the wrench. The tube is lifted by giving pressure
with the load of student on the other side of the steel rod. It was
really hard getting the tube out of the soil because it was
raining.After the tube was successfully out of the soil, we opened
the connection between the tube and the socket, then we could
classify the type of the soil visually. To protect the undisturbed
soil we covered the tube by plastic and tied it with rubbers.
B. Data and Result AnalysisTable 3. Boring Log
DEPTH ( m )WATERLEVELSAMPLESYMBOLVISUAL
CLASSIFICATIONCOLORDESCRIPTIONCONSISTENCY
0.0 -0.3 mDisturbedSilty ClayDark BrownStiff
0.3 -0.8 mUndisturbedClayReddish BrownStiffer, soft
This hand boring practicum produced two soil samples, disturbed
and undisturbed soil sample. The disturbed soil was taken by the
depth of 0 m to 0.3 m. By visually observing the first soil taken,
it was classified as the silty clay soil, it had dark brown color
and stiff. The condition and the color of the disturbed soil can be
influenced by the rain. The second sample soil was the undisturbed
one, it was reddish brown and stiffer than the disturbed soil. We
took the undisturbed soil when the tube reached the depth of 0.3 to
0.8 m.
The formula above is the requirement for the tubes diameter
based on ASTM that is used to take the undisturbed soil sample and
it is not calculated during the practicum because we have to cover
the tube immediately after taking it off from soil, using plastic
to avoid the air comes inside the soil.
C. Error AnalysisIn every practicum some errors can be occurred.
The errors can cause the level of accuracy of the result. An error
during the process of going through the soil by using Auger Iwan
might occur when we spun the steel rod , it might not that
perpendicular so it could break the the surrounding area of the
soil and made the tube hard to take it out from the soil. The force
energy we released to make the tube went into the soil might be
bigger than we expected and could cause the damage of the bolt
inside the steel rod and the steel tube.
V. CONCLUSION Hand Boring can be done to determine the
characteristic of soil visually by observing the color, texture,
and size The two samples that were taken by doing this practicum is
classified as the silty clay and clay soil As we went deeper of the
soil layer , it also has more water content In real life the hand
boring and sampling is done to classify the soil for many reasons
on a construction project. Primarily geotechnical engineer
classifies the soil in order to design the foundation system Soil
is often the hardest to predict and most difficult to work with
material on a construction project We have to know and classify the
soil before construction because the type of soil greatly affects
the degree of danger for trench cave-ins, the on-site subgrade
dewatering system is dependent on the type of soil, the compactions
requirements and methods for backfill and embankments change for
different types of soil, and the best method for dealing with wet,
muddy conditions or dry, dusty conditions on a project depends on
the type of soil involved The errors can also occur because of the
condition of the surrounding area of the soil and the weather at
certain moment
VI. APPENDIX
Picture 3. Auger Iwan Picture 6. Pulling the tube
Picture 4. Auger Iwan being loadedPicture 7. Giving load to
steel rod
Picture 5. Hammer Load12Hand Boring & Sampling