Hall Green_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Hall Green Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE

Version 2

Date June 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

PHIT - Hall Green.doc 2

All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918


Introduction

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context.

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward.

• Investigate leading conditions that cause deaths locally to provide local focus for each target ward.

• Suggest future area/ factors for extended research.

Authors Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

For further information please contact the information team:

Tel: 0121 465 2995 / 2999

Email: [email protected]


1. Summary

• Electoral ward Hall Green is within the boundary of NHS South Birmingham.

• Hall Green accounted for 2.45% of Birmingham’s population in 2006.

• Children and young people (0-19) are the most populous group in the ward, making up 27.1% of the total population.

• The percentage of Black and minority ethnic groups in this ward is 23.0%, which is higher than the National (11.3%) but lower than the Birmingham (32.7%) average.

• Hall Green is the 35th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham.

• The latest extraction for 2005/07 shows that:

o Life expectancy is 77.9 for men and 83.6 for women, over the years 2005/07.

o From 1995/97 to 2005/07, male life expectancy has increased by 3.3% and remains above the national average.

o From 1995/97 to 2005/07, female life expectancy has increased by 2.7%. The gap between Hall Green and England has widened by 5.9% (0.1 years).

o Infant Mortality Rates have risen by 85% since 1999/01, in comparison the rate for the most deprived wards has dropped

o The leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward are Circulatory diseases (30.9%), Cancers (30.4%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (16.5%).

• Lifestyle factors 2005/07 suggest that, in comparison to Birmingham as a whole, the rate for residents of Hall Green are:

o 5.8 percentage points lower for adults who smoke. o 4.3 percentage points lower for binge drinking adults. o 3.7 percentage points lower for adult obesity.


2. Local context: demographics and deprivation This section describes population demographics and deprivation in Hall Green, in order to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities. Comparisons are made with Birmingham and England.

2.1. Age and sex distribution

The population of Hall Green is estimated to be 24,775. This represents 2.45% of the population of Birmingham. Approximately 49% (12,131) are male and 51% are female (12,644). These estimations are based on ONS mid-year population estimates for 2006. The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) shows the age and sex distributions.

Population By Age Group and Gender

2006 Estimates by Ward

Source: Office of National Statistics

801

754

842

898

825

802

784

911

888

802

792

687

628

490

522

454

344

880

803

824

906

822

709

728

920

909

866

760

728

594

474

443

358

227

1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+

Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Hall Green 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 27.1% (6,708) of the Hall Green population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 15.8% (3,912).

• The ward has 5.0 percentage points more under 19s and 5.1 percentage points more over 65s than the city averages.


2.2. Ethnicity

Ethnicity has some influences in terms of what kind of illness an individual could develop through their life. Thus, ethnicity analysis becomes a requirement in order to target the health of vulnerable people. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Hall Green population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column of table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column shows the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, city and nationally.

• Just under a quarter (23%) of the population belongs to non-white (BME) ethnicity groups, Pakistanis represent 6.28%, Indians 11.20% and Black Caribbeans 1.30%.

• The proportion of BME groups (23%) is lower than for Birmingham (32.7%), but higher than for England (11.3%).

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Hall Green (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Hall Green Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N* White 77.0 18.6 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 19.1 4.6 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6 Black or Black British 1.6 0.4 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0 Mixed 1.6 0.4 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5 Chinese or other 0.7 0.1 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7 Total 100 24.1 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9

*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

2.3. Deprivation

According to Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Hall Green is the 35th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 19.321.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs in Hall Green by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Hall Green is in the least and second most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. Table 1.2 shows the area covered by the ward and population density.

Table 1.2 Ward Area Characteristics for Hall Green

Area (KM2) Population Density (persons / km

2) Population Density – Working Age

16-64 (persons/km2)

5.087 4957 3088

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.


Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Hall Green by IMD quintile, 2007

2.4. Lifestyle

Table 1.3 provides a summary of lifestyle indicators in Hall Green, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Data presented here are from the synthetic estimates of healthy lifestyle behaviours produced by the NHS Information Centre.

• Compared with the Birmingham average, Hall Green has a lower percentage of people who binge drink (4.3 percentage points lower) and are obese (3.7 percentage points lower) plus a lower proportion who smoke (5.8 percentage points lower).

• A smaller percentage of people eat healthily in Hall Green (21.8%) than both in Birmingham (25.1%) and nationally (26.3%).

• Table 1.3 shows that information should be sought on why inequalities exist for healthy eating between Hall Green and the Birmingham and England averages.

Table 1.3 Key figures for life style Deprivation in Hall Green, Birmingham and England

Year Hall Green Birmingham England Adults who smoke 2003/05 19.1% 24.9% 24.1% Binge drinking adults* 2003/05 13.5% 17.8% 18.0% Healthy eating adults** 2003/05 21.8% 25.1% 26.3% Obese adults*** 2003/05 19.7% 23.4% 23.6%

* Binge drinking: men were defined as having indulged in binge drinking if they had consumed 8 or more units of alcohol on the heaviest drinking day in the previous seven days; for women the cut-off was 6 or more units of alcohol.

** Healthy eating: five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on the previous day *** Obese: BMI > 30 Data source: Physically active adults: Active People Survey, Sport England All other indicators: Synthetic estimates of healthy life styles, NHS Information Centre


3. Life expectancy trend There is evidence that life expectancy is one of the most important determinants for health inequalities across the population. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows the trend in male life expectancy in Hall Green from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Male life expectancy has increased in Hall Green over this time. It may be worthwhile to look into why this ward has high life expectancy, as an example to other wards.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Hall Green, Birmingham & England

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Hall Green M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Hall Green Birmingham and England, 1995/97 to 2005/07

Figure 2.2 shows the trend in female life expectancy in Hall Green from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Female life expectancy in Hall Green has remained above England and Birmingham


Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Hall Green, Birmingham & England

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

84.0

85.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Hall Green Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Hall Green Birmingham and England, 1995/97 to 2005/07

As illustrated above, life expectancy for both males and females has increased from 1995/97 to 2005/07. Life expectancy in Hall Green is higher than city and national averages.

• Male life expectancy has increased by 3.3% from 75.4 years in 1995/97 to 77.9 years in 2005/07.

• The gap of male life expectancy between Hall Green and England has decreased from 0.8 years above to 0.2 years above the national average.

• Female life expectancy has increased by 2.7% from 81.4 years during 1995/97 to 83.6 years by 2005/07.

• The gap in female life expectancy between Hall Green and England has widened from 0.7 years to 0.8 years in the ward’s favour.


4. Infant mortality

In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births.

Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Hall Green, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999/01 to 2005/07.

Hall Green Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Years

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England

M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Hall Green

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Hall Green Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 2005/07, the IMR in Hall Green is nearly double that of England and higher than in Birmingham. The IMR for those in the most deprived quintile of Birmingham is higher than the Birmingham average.

• From 1999/01 to 2005/07, the IMR in Hall Green has increased by 85%. Whilst in comparison Birmingham’s IMR has decreased.

• Over this time, the gap in IMR between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Hall Green has switched from 6.8 per 1,000 below the most deprived level to 1.2 per 1,000 above.

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 per 1,000 (at about 0.1 per 1,000 per year). The gap


between Hall Green and England has switched from 0.9 per 1,000 below England to 3.8 per 1,000 above.

5. Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated, in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Hall Green. Table 3.1 shows directly standardised mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005/07. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. Cancers, circulatory diseases, and coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make up more than 77.7% of the overall DSR. This percentage is consistent with both city and local PCT levels, which vary from 72% to 82%.

Table 3.1 Directly Standardised Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Hall Green, 2005/07

DSR % out of all causes rate*

All Causes 573.5

100.0%

All Cancers 174.2 30.4%

All Circulatory Diseases 177.1 30.9%

Coronary Heart Disease 94.5 16.5%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development

Hall Green_LE_Ward_Profile

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