Haemophilus [NavIn]

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HAEMOPHILUS

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2

LECTURER: MISS AMILIA ABDUL RAHMAN K

PREPARED BY: NAVINRAJ NAIDU A/L SURAISH NAIDU

DML:0131/10



Introduction

� Haemophilus - gram-negative, pleomorphic,

coccobacilli bacteria.

� Belongs to the Pasteurellaceae f amily.� Small coccobacilli

� Its is a pleomor phi c bacteria because of its

wide range shapes.� All are may aerobic and f acultatively

anaerobic.



Characteristics of Haemo phi lus

� Chocolate agar is an excellent Haemo phi lusgrowth medium.

� Sometimes Haemo phi lus cultured using the"Staph streak" technique

� Haemo phi lus colonies grow in smaller colonies around the larger Sta phy lococcus colonies.

� The metabolism of Sta phy lococcus produces thenecessary blood f actor f or Haemo phi lus growth.



� Species of the genus Haemophilus require either

or both of two f actors X and V f or growth

� Its is used to diff erentiate the species. Both

f actors are present in blood.

� X f actor comprises haemin .These are required f or

growth of the species .

� V f actor comprises nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide (NAD). These required f or energy

source.



� "Staph

streak"technique



Species

� Haemo phi lus inf luenzae

� Haemo phi lus ducreyi

� Haemo phi lus parainf luenzae� Haemo phi lus a phro phi lus

� Haemo phi lus aegypt i us

� Haemo phi lus av i um

� Haemo phi lus f el i s

� Haemo phi lus haemol y t i cus



� H. inf luenzae consi st o f type b which is animportant human inf ecting pathogens

� H. ducreyi - a sexually transmitted pathogen,

causes chancroid

Other species are among the normal f lora of mucous membranes and only occasionally causedisease.

Characteristic Of Species



H.Inf luenza

� A gram negative coccobacilli

� Pleomorphic shape - short (1.5 m),

sometimes occurs in pairs or short chains

� Nonmotile

� Non-spore-f orming



Cont

� Fastidious

� Facultative anaerobe

� Strains of H. inf luenzae possess apolysaccharide capsule

� Most virulent strain is H. inf luenzae type b

(Hib)



Pathogenesis

� Naturally-acquired disease

� The none capsulated H. inf luenzae is a regular

member of

the normal respiratoryf lora o

f

humans

� H. inf luenzae invasive diseases in young

inf ants and children (<5 years children)



Most common invasive disease

Bacteremia

Meningitis

Otitis media Sinusitis

Tracheobronchitis

Epiglottitis

Pneumonia





Terms

Meningitis = inf lamation protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Epiglottitis=inf lammation of epiglotitis causeepiglottitis to either obstruct or completely closeoff the wind pipe this resulting to interence whenbreathing

Tracheobronchitis=inf lamation of trachea , maycause obstruction of air passage



Sinusitis=Inf lamation of paranasal sinuses.

Otitis Media = inf lamation of middle ear,located

between the tympanic membrane and inner

ear , includding a duct known as eustachiantube.

Pneumonia = is an inf lammatory condition of the lung.



Pathogenesis mechanism

� Disease of H. inf luenzae begins in the

upper respiratory tract as

nasopharyngitis.

� Then f ollowed by sinusitis and otitis

and it will leading to pneumonia. .



Symptoms

� Runny nose

� Fever

� Headache� Coma

� Airway obstruction

� Suffocation



Diagnosis

� Specimen used are nasopharyngeal cavity or

sputum.

� Blood culture� Immunologic detection of H. inf luenzae

antigens in spinal f luid



Treatment

� Amoxicillin

� Cef uroxime

� Ciprof loxacin

� Azithromycin





Haemophilus [NavIn]

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