ANAESTHETIC CASE BASED DISCUSSION Haemoabdomen Hal Drummond, Pako Tlhalerwa, Katie Jamieson, Tom Sparks
ANAESTHETIC CASE BASED DISCUSSION
Haemoabdomen
Hal Drummond, Pako Tlhalerwa, Katie Jamieson, Tom Sparks
Case
A 10 year old German Shepherd dog weighing 40kg requires anaesthesia for exploratory laparotomy and possible splenectomy. The dog is in a collapsed state. Heart rate is 180 beats/min and femoral pulses are weak. Mucous membranes are pale but PCV is within the normal range (33%). Abdominal ultrasonography reveals the presence of free abdominal fluid and a splenic mass.
A 10 year old German Shepherd dog weighing 40kg requires anaesthesia for exploratory laparotomy and possible splenectomy. The dog is in a collapsed state. Heart rate is 180 beats/min and femoral pulses are weak. Mucous membranes are pale but PCV is within the normal range (33%). Abdominal ultrasonography reveals the presence of free abdominal fluid and a splenic mass.
Key Anaesthetic Considerations
Age- geriatric will lower metabolism there for altering effecting drug metabolism
German Shepherd-potential for cardiac disease(DCM) Splenectomy – likely to lose a significant amount of
blood Collapsed state Tachycardic (HR 180bpm) and weak femoral pulses –
hypovolaemia MM pale but PCV normal
Normal PCV indicates this is an acute bleed Fluids anaemic
Presence of free abdominal fluid and splenic mass – likely diagnosis ruptured haemangiosarcoma
Pain
Pre-op management
Check biochemistry/haematology prior to fluid administration to gauge organ function
Hypovolaemic – Fluids are vital. Must replace fluid deficit prior to surgrey. Shock rates at 90ml/kg of crystalloids for 15mins and then reassess vital parameters. These fluids should be continued well into the post operative period. Colloids should be considered but very expensive! Double IV access should be obtained to speed flid
delivery.
Which pre-medication?
Alpha 2 ACP
Benzodiazapine Midazolam – 0.2mg/kg IV
Opioid Methadone – 0.2mg/kg IV
Induction
The animal should be induced with propofol (160mg/16ml) Alfaxalon is a suitable alternative if it
available but is more expensive Both induction agents should be titrated to
affect when used Assess eye position, reflex and jaw tone
Maintanence
Following induction the dog should be intubated (size 12 ET tube approx) and maintained on isoflurane
As this is a large breed dog, a circle or coaxial bain should be used to deliver the anaesthetic gas to the patient Want a circuit that is suitable for sustained IPPV if
the animal becomes apnoeic intra-operatively Setting up a ventilator would also be advised
Augmentin IV every 90 minutes during sx Avoid using NSAIDS in this case as potential
for renal failure.
Perioperative Management
Careful monitoring of HR, BP and RR is essential
Intravenous boluses of fentanyl would be appropriate in this case to deal with noxious stimulus Dose – 40 - 200μg q20 mins as necessary
Augmentin IV should be continued every 90 minutes throughout the procedure
Post-op treatment
ICU Fluids should be continued and
reassessed every half hour Pain should be assessed every hour
according to Glasgow Pain score and further analgesia should be administered if required
Monitor HR, RR, MM and pulse quality