"Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future "

Forschungszentrum Jülichin der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

"Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future"

Hans Ströher, IKP, FZJ, Germany

Organization

Germany: „Komitee für Hadronen- und Kernphysik“ (KHuK)Gisela Anton (Univ. Erlangen)Peter Braun-Munzinger (GSI, Univ. Darmstadt)Dietrich Habs (LMU Munich) Hartmut Backe (Univ. Mainz)Fritz Klein (Univ. Bonn) Kai Königsmann (Univ. Freiburg)Reiner Krücken (TU Munich) Volker Metag (Univ. Giessen)Horst Lenske (Univ. Giessen Thomas Walcher (Univ. Mainz)Hans Ströher (FZJ, Univ. Cologne)W. Weise (TU Munich)

Europe: “Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee” (NuPECC) – An Expert Committee for the ESF

Claude Amsler (Zürich, Switzerland) Mark Huyse (Leuven, Belgium)Christoph Bargholtz (Stockholm, Sweden) Jerzy Jastrzebski (Warsaw, Poland)Tullio Bressani (Turn, Italy) Rauno Julin (Jyväskylä, Finland)Jan Dobes (Rez, Czech Republik) Attila Krashnahorkay (Debrecen, Hungary)Ana Maia Eiro (Lisbon, Prtugal) Hartmut Leeb (Vienna, Austria)Graciano Fortuna (Legnaro, Italy) Mario Lazano (Sevilla, Spain)Brian Fulton (York, UK) Gunnar Lovhoiden (Oslo, Norway)Dominique Goutte (Caen, France) Karsten Riisager (Aarhus, Denmark)Daniel Guerreau (Paris, France) Günter Rosner (Glasgow, UK)Dominique Guillemaud-Mueller (Orsay, France) Hans Ströher (Jülich, Germany)Muhsin Harakeh (KVI, Groningen, NL) Gerard van der Steenhoven (Amsterdam, NL)Walter Henning (Darmstadt, Germany) Thomas Walcher (Mainz, Germany)

Europe

EU (15)

… until April`04

Europe

Area (EU 15): ~ x 106 km2 (EU 25): 1.25 (US): ~ 2

Population (EU 15): 378 million (EU 25): 455 (US): 291

20 (official) languages

I3HP

EURONS

Outline

• Existing facilities: Status and Future

Hadron Physics

Nuclear (Structure) Physics

• New facilities: Status and Time Schedule

ALICEFAIRFRM IISPIRAL-2

EURISOL

Hadron Physics – Hardware Overview

• Electromagnetic probes:

- MAMI (Mainz, Germany)- ELSA (Bonn, Germany)- DANE (Frascati, Italy)- HERMES (DESY, Germany)- COMPASS (CERN)

• Hadronic probes:

- CELSIUS (Uppsala, Sweden)- COSY (Jülich, Germany)- GSI (Darmstadt, Germany)- COMPASS (CERN)

+

MAMI (Mainz, Germany)

• Status: MAMI B (Ee ~ 855 MeV)

• Future: Upgrade: DSM; MAMI C (Ee ~ 1500 MeV)

First beam: 1/2006; Start full program: 6/2007

ELSA (Bonn, Germany)

• Status: Ee ~ 3.5 GeV

• Future: No major upgrade foreseen

Some physics …Hadron structure and dynamics:

Spectroscopy Evolution of hadron picture

Form factors Shape of nucleon /

Some physics results…Hadron structure and dynamics:

GDH Sum Rule Nucleon Form Factors

p(e, e´p)

MAMI ELSA MAMI

DANE (Frascati, Italy)

• Status: Ee = 2 x 0.51 GeV (collider -production)LDesign ~ 5 x 1032 cm-2 s-1

• Future: Upgrade ideas:

- Super-DANE (L) - DANE-2 (E)

DANE (Frascati, Italy)

• Experiments:

DEAR

Some physics …

Exotic atoms Hypernuclei

6.48 keV

Some physics results…Hadron structure and dynamics:

Kaonic Hydrogen Hypernuclei

Preliminary DEAR-result Candidate event in FINUDA

HERMES (DESY, Hamburg, Germany)

• Status: Ee = 27.5 GeV (polarized); pol. gas target

• Future: PETRA, thus HERMES, will stop middle of 2007converted into sync light facility

COMPASS (at CERN)

• Status: Eµ = 100 - 190 GeV/c ,K,p; E = 80 - 300 GeV/c; polarized target

• Future: CERN accelerators shut down during 2005COMPASS should continue in 2006 (council)

Some physics …Structure of hadrons: Nucleon spin structure (i.p. gluon

contribution), spectroscopy

Proton spin puzzle Quark distribution functions

Some physics results…Hadron structure and dynamics:

Gluon polarization

First HERMES-result

CELSIUS at TSL (Uppsala, Sweden)

• Status: Ep ~ 1.6 GeV

• Future: CELSIUS will terminate operation summer 2005

COSY (FZ-Jülich, Germany)

• Status: Ep ~ 2.8 GeV (3.7 GeV/c)

• Future: Accelerator: High energy (2 MV) e-Cooler Detectors: Transfer WASA to COSY

Some physics results…Hadron structure and dynamics:

(1540)

Proton-proton cross-sections

Parity determination (Axx)

COSY results TOF at COSY

Some physics …Hadron structure and dynamics: (w/ WASA at COSY)

Symmetries and symmetry breaking

Rare decays (of ´)

d

d

I=0

I=0

f0 a0

0

0 1 2

26

pp pp ´

L = 1032 cm-2 s-1

(3.35 GeV/c) ~ 300 nb

GSI (Darmstadt, Germany)

• Status: Pion, proton, heavy ion beams

• Future: Ongoing upgrades of HADES and FOPI

Some physics …Hadron structure and dynamics:

Chiral symmetry (restoration)

NN interaction (small distance) Exotic atoms

Some physics results…Hadron structure and dynamics:

pp elastic scattering Deeply bound pionic states

EDDA (COSY) FRS (GSI)

Yamazaki et al., PLB 418 (98) 246

Nuclear Physics – Hardware Overview

• Stable beams:

- … (still) many !

• Short lived (exotic, radioactive) beams:

- CYCLONE (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)- TRIµP (KVI,Groningen, The Netherlands)- REX-ISOLDE (CERN)- SPIRAL (GANIL, France)- GSI (Darmstadt, Germany)

CYCLONE (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)

• Status: 30MeV (200mA) proton beam to produce RIBs and accelerate them with a K=110 cyclotron to 0.65-5 A MeV; first RIB (19N3+) was accelerated in 12/1999

• Future: No major upgrade plans

TRIµP (* (KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands)

• Status: Radioactive beams; facility currently being built

… produce (AGOR), select (separator), collect, hold & manipulate (traps) radioactive nuclei

(* Trapped Radioactive Isotopes Micro-Labs for Fundamental Physics

• Future: Intermediate term program, no further plans yet

ISOLDE (CERN)

• Status: 1.2 GeV p on 238U fission fragment separation

• Future: Energy upgrade of post-accelerator (4.3 MeV/u)

SPIRAL (GANIL, France)

• Status: Operational since 9/2001Heavy ion beams from GANIL cylotrons (50-95

AMeV) fragmentation (C-target) ionization in ion source injection and acceleration in cylotron (1.7-25 AMeV)

• Future: Proposal for SPIRAL-2 (see below)

GSI (Darmstadt, Germany)

• Status: In flight facility (SIS+FRS), storage ring (ESR)

• Future: Ongoing upgrades (intensity)(and: FAIR; see below)

Some physics …Structure and dynamics of nuclei:

(Dubna)

The NEW Facilities - Overview

• ALICE (LHC, CERN)

• FAIR (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)

• FRM II (Garching, Munich, Germany)

• SPIRAL-2 (GANIL, Caen, France)

• EURISOL (?)

The NEW Facilities (I)

• ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment):

- Heavy ion experiment at the LHC of CERN- Projected start of experiments is 2007

ALICE Physics

Search for and investigation of the QGP:

The NEW Facilities (II)

• An “International Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons”:

- top priority of german hadron and nuclear physics community (KHuK-report of 9/2002) and NuPECC

- favourable evaluation by highest german science committee (“Wissenschaftsrat” in 2002)

- funding decision from german government in 2/2003 – staging and at least 25% foreign funding

- to be build at GSI Darmstadt; should be finished in > 2011 (depending on start)

FAIR(Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research)

FAIR (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)

- Proton linac (injector) - 2 synchrotons (30 GeV p) - A number of storage rings

Parallel beams operation

SIS 100/300

FAIR

Fields of research:

a) Structure and dynamics of nuclei – Radioactive beams Super-FRS

b) Hadron structure and quark-gluon dynamics – Antiprotons (<15 GeV) HESR, PANDA

c) Nuclear matter and quark gluon plasma – Relativistic nuclear beams CBM

d) Plasma physics - Pulsed ion beams + high power laser

e) Atomic physics- Highly charged ions NESR

Recent call for LoI: ASSIA, CBM, FLAIR, PANDA, PAX, …(can be downloaded from the GSI web-site:www.gsi.de)

FAIR

a) Super-FRS: Radioactive beams

Projectile fragmentation and fission (B-E-B method)

FAIR Physics (I)

… with in-flight radioactive beams (at Super-FRS):

a) Low-energy branch:- decay spectroscopy- spectroscopy (AGATA)- laser spectroscopy- trap experiments

b) High-energy branch:- knockout reactions- (p,n) reactions- electromagnetic excitations- fission, (multi-)fragmentation, spallation

c) Ring branch:- mass, lifetime measurements- scattering of light hadronic probes- electron scattering (ELISE)

FAIR

b) HESR (and PANDA): Antiproton beams

Momentum range: p = 1.5 – 15 GeV/c 5x1010 stored antiprotons

PANDA

FAIR Physics (II)

… with cooled internal antiproton beams at HESR:

• Charmonium spectroscopy

• Gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs)

• Charm in Nuclei

• (Double) Hypernuclei

• GPD´s from pp_bar annihilation• D meson spectroscopy• CP violation in strange and charm sector

Key observables: Charmonium, D mesons

FAIR

c) CBM-detector (nuclear collisions):

Moderate temperatures and very high baryon densities(5-10 0)

HADES

New detector

FAIR Physics (III)

… with nucleon-nucleon collisions at CBM:

• In-medium properties of hadrons

• Chiral and deconfinement phase transition at high B

• Critical point of strongly interacting matter

• Nuclear equation-of-state at high densities

• New states of matter at highest baryon densities

Key observables:

Charmonium, D mesons, multi-strange baryons, direct photons

The NEW Facilities (III)

• The “Forschungsneutronenquelle Garching FRM II”:

- Neutron source (fission reactor)

- Long political discussions (fuel HEU)- Built in Garching near Munich (Germany)

… went critical on March 2, 2004 – power: 15 MW

FRM II

Mini-D2 UCN source :

- A UCN density of about 104 n/cm3 builds up in the storage tube within a few minutes.

- Operated in continuous mode the source will provide a UCN flux of about 5×105 n/cm2s.

Solid D2

converter

FRM II Physics

… with ultracold neutrons at FRM II:

Neutron lifetime

FRM II

Radioactive beams via neutron-induced fission:

- MAFF (Munich Accelerator for fission fragments)

1014 fissions/s

- MAFF II: post-acceleration (up to 5.9 MeV/u); requires additional building

The NEW Facilities (IV)

• Spiral-2 (Proposal):

- RIB (ISOL); SC linac (d, 40 MeV, 5mA) as “driver” post-acceleration by (existing) cyclotron

- 1013 (n-induced) fissions/s on depleted U-target- Note: also intense flux of 14 MeV neutrons- timeline: ~ 2008

see: www.ganil.fr

The NEW Facilities (V)

• EURISOL (… the next generation European RIB facility)

ISOL-principle

Summary & Outlook

• Nuclear and hadron physics have a strong basis in Europe

• New facilities are planned (and built) on a European scale,which will help to keep, and even improve, this status in the future

challenges both in financing and in manpower to build it

technological challenges

exciting physics can/will be addressed

Forschungszentrum Jülichin der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

The End