hadith01-lesson02

"O MUHAMMAD, TELL ME ABOUT ISLAM…"

Hadith 2

ARABIC TEXT

-بينما نحن جلوس عند رسول اهللا : ، قال -رضي اهللا عنه -عن عمر بن الخطاب ذات يوم ، إذ طلع علينا رجل شديد بياض الثياب ، شديد -صلى اهللا عليه وسلم

-سواد الشعر ، ال يرى عليه أثـر السفر ، وال يعرفه منا أحد ، حتى جلس إلى النبي : ، فأسند ركبتـيه إلى ركبتـيه ، ووضع كفيه على فخذيه ، وقال -صلى اهللا عليه وسلم

.يا محمد ، أخبرني عن اإلسالم أن تشهد أن ال إله إال اهللا ، : اإلسالم (( : -صلى اهللا عليه وسلم -فقال رسول اهللا

وأن محمدا رسول اهللا ، وتقيم الصالة ، وتؤتي الزكاة ، وتصوم رمضان ، وتحج البيت إن قه : صدقت، قال : قال )).استطعت إليه سبيال .فـعجبنا له يسأله ويصد

ARABIC TEXT

أن تـؤمن باهللا ومالئكته وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم : (( قال . فأخبرني عن اإليمان : قال.صدقت : قال )) . اآلخر ، وتـؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره

أن تعبد اهللا كأنك تراه ، فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه : (( فأخبرني عن اإلحسان ، قال : قال )) .يراك ها بأعلم من السائل : (( قال فأخبرني عن الساعة ؟: قال )) .ما المسؤول عنـأن تلد األمة ربـتها ، وأن ترى الحفاة العراة العالة : (( قال فأخبرني عن أمارتها ؟: قال

)) .رعاء الشاء يـتطاولون في البنيان اهللا : قلت ))يا عمر ، أتدري من السائل ؟ : (( ثم انطلق ، فلبثت مليا ، ثم قال لي

.ورسوله أعلم رواه مسلم)) . فإنه جبريل أتاكم يـعلمكم دينكم : (( قال

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

On the authority of Umar also who said:One day while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him), there came before us a man with extremely white clothing and extremely black hair. There were no signs of travel on him and none of us knew him. He [came and] sat next to the Prophet (peace be upon him). He supported his knees up against the knees of the Prophet, and put his hands on his thighs. He said, "O Muhammad, tell me about Islam." The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "Islam is to testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; to establish Prayer, pay the Zakat, to fast [the month of] Ramadhaan, and to make the pilgrimage to the [Allah's] house if you have the means to do so." He said, "You have spoken truthfully [or correctly]." we were amazed that he asks the question and then he says that he had spoken truthfully.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

He said, “Tell me about Imaan (faith)." He [the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)] responded, "It is to believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in th divine decree, [both] the good and the evil thereof." He said "You have spoken truthfully.“ He then said, “Tell me about al-Ihsaan (goodness)." He [the Prophet] answered, "[It is] that you worship Allah as if you see Him, and even though you do not see Him, [you know] He sees you.” He [The inquirer] said, “Tell me about [the time of ] the Hour." He [The Prophet (peace be upon him)] answered, "The one being asked does not know more than the one asking."

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

He said, "Tell me about its signs." He answered, “The slave-girl shall give birth to her Master, and you will see the barefooted, scantily- clothed, destitute shepherds competing in constructing lofty buildings.” Then he went away. I stayed for a long time. Then he [the Prophet (peace be upon him)] said, “O Umar, do you know who the questioner was?" I said, "Allah and his Messenger know best." He said, "It was [the Angel] Gabriel who came to teach you your religion." (Recorded by Muslim.)

TEXTUAL ANALYSIS

الصالة “the Prayer”

الزكاة “the Zakat”, the poor dues or the obligatory charity.

تصوم “To Fast” to abstain from eating, drinking etc. from dawn to sunset.

رمضان The ninth month of the Hijri year

البيت “the House” meaning the Kaaba in Makkah

اإليمان Faith

مالئكته “His angels"

كتبه “His books” the holy scriptures revealed to the Prophets; like,Scriptures of Ibrahim, Torah of Mosa, Zaboor of Dawood, and Gospelof Jesus.

رسله “His Messenger“ people that receive revelations from Allah andwere ordered to convey it to their people. They are too many andonly 25 of them were mentioned in Quran by name.

اآلخر اليوم “The Last Day“ the day when all people held accountable for theirdeeds before Allah.

TEXTUAL ANALYSIS

القدر “divine destiny”

اإلحسان “Perfection”.

الساعة “The Hour” here it refers to the Day of judgement although theword in general means “hour” or a portion of time.

أماراتها “It signs” that indicates that its occurrence time is near.

األمة “The Slave girl”

ربتها “her female owner or Master” but it could also mean master in ageneric sense.

العراة Literally means: “naked” but here it may mean “scantily clothed”

مليا A lengthy period of time.

جبريل Angel Gabriel, the Angel responsible for revelation.

دينكم “Your religion”

TAKHREEJ

This hadith from Umar ibn al-Khattab was recorded by Muslim, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasaai, ibn Maajah, Ahmad, Abu Dawood, al-Baihaqi, ibn Hibbaan, ibn Khuzaima, al-Bazzaar, Abu Yala, al-Daaraqootniand a number of others.The scholars of hadith differentiate hadith by their texts as well as by the Companions who narrated the hadith. This particular hadithhas also been narrated through acceptable chains from the Companions Abu Huraira, ibn Umar, ibn Masood and al-Harith al-Ashari. The narration from Abu Huraira has been recorded by al-Bukhari, Muslim, ibn Maajah, ibn Abu Shaiba, ibn Hibbaan and others.

MAJOR CAUSES FOR DIFFERENT NARRATIONS:

The incident may seem like one event, but the narrators were describing different events.

Some of the narrators may narrate the hadith by the meaning without maintaining the exact wording.

The different retentive strengths of the narrators. Narrators may abridge the text of the hadith or

narrate only the part that is more suitable to the occasion.

MAJOR CAUSES FOR DIFFERENT NARRATIONS:

One of the narrators may be present for only a portion of a statement or discussion.

The prophet (PBUH) would sometimes ask questions and the narrator narrate his own response or the responses he heard only.

Human mistakes.

Intentional fabrication.

GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE HADITH

•The Hadith is one of the most comprehensive Hadith.

•It includes all the aspects of inward and external acts of worship of Allah.

•It is known as “the Hadith of Gabriel” or the foundation of the Sunnah” (Umm al-kitaab)

THE CIRCUMSTANCES BEHIND THE HADITH

Abu Huraira narrated that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Ask me [about matters related to the religion].” however, the people abstained from doing so because they were overawed out of profound respect for him. In the meanwhile a man came there and sat near his knees and said, “Messenger of Allah, what is Islam? …”

TELL ME ABOUT ISLAM

بالله آمن من البر ولكن والمغرب المشرق قبل وجوهكم تـولوا أن البر ليس القربى ذوي حبه على المال وآتى والنبيين والكتاب والمالئكة اآلخر واليـوم

وآتى الصالة وأقام الرقاب وفي والسائلين السبيل وابن والمساكين واليتامى وحين والضراء البأساء في والصابرين عاهدوا إذا بعهدهم والموفون الزكاة ]177:البقرة[ المتـقون هم وأولئك صدقوا الذين أولئك البأس

TELL ME ABOUT ISLAM

It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards eastand or west (in prayers); but righteousness is (the quality of)the one who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the Angels, theBook, the Prophets and gives his wealth, in spite of love forit, to the kinsfolk, to the orphans, and to Al-Masakin (thepoor), and to the wayfarer, and to those who ask, and to setslaves free, performs As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat ), and givesthe Zakat, and who fulfill their covenant when they makeit, and who are patient in extreme poverty and ailment(disease) and at the time of fighting (during the battles).Such are the people of the truth and they are Al-Muttaqun(the pious ).

THE DIFFINITION OF IMAAN ACCORDING TO QURAN AND SUNNAH

Imaan by the heart, tongue, and physical

actions

Ahl Al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah

There is no Imaan for the one who does not perform any religious deeds.

The Khawarej

If a person commits a major sin, he/she

loses Imaan and becomes a disbeliever

The Mutazilah

Who commits a major sin is not a

disbeliever but will be in Hell forever.

THE DIFFINITION OF IMAAN ACCORDING TO QURAN AND SUNNAH

Imaan by the heart, tongue only.

The Murjiites of the Jurists

Deeds of the body are not included in Imaan. Imaan does

not increase or decrease.

The majority of the Maturidis

Deeds of the Heart are not included only beliefs. Imaan does

not decrease or increase.

THE DIFFINITION OF IMAAN ACCORDING TO QURAN AND SUNNAH

Imaan by the heart, tongue only.

The Jahmites

Imaan is simply the knowledge of Allah

Many Maturidis and The Asharites

Imaan is only the affirmation of the heart and all the

deeds are excluded as essential

componenets

The Murjiites

Imaan is the acts of the heart as well as

affirmation. However it does not include

other deeds

ISLAM, IMAAN AND IHSAAN

If the word Imaan is mentioned solely. If the word Islam is mentioned solely. If the word Imaan was mentioned in conjunction

with Islam. If the word Islam was mentioned in conjunction

with Imaan. If the word Ihsaan mentioned solely. If the word Ihsaan mentioned in conjunction with

Islam and Imaan.

ARTICLES OF IMAAN

Al-Tawheed

Tawheed al-Ruboobiyah

The belief in the oneness of Allah concerning His actions,

such as His being the sole Creator and the only One who

nourishes and sustains.

Tawheed al-Uloohiyah

Means that all acts of worship should be directed toward

Allah and Allah alone as He is the only one worthy and

deserving of worship.

Tawheed al-Asmaawa al-Sifaat

Implies believing in all of the names and attributes of Allah

as mentioned in the Quran and authentic Hadith as

being unique to Him, without negating them or stripping

them of any meaning, distorting their meaning,

understanding them in an anthropomorphic sense or

interpreting them figuratively.

ARTICLES OF IMAAN

Tawheed with respect to what one acknowledges and believes (Tawheed al-Itiqad):

Tawheed al-Dhaat: The oneness of His Essence

Tawheed al-Sifaat: The uniqueness of His Attributes

Tawheed al-afaal: The uniqueness of His Actions

ARTICLES OF IMAAN

Tawheed with respect to one’s deeds and actions (Tawheed al-Ibaadah):

Ifrad Allah bil-Hukm: Allah is the only One who has the legitimate right of making legislations.

Ifrad Allah bil-Nusuk: acts of worship must be devoted to Allah.

Ifrad Allah bil-Walaayah: one’s loyalty and love must be based on the guidance of Allah.

ARTICLES OF IMAAN

His Angels

His books

His Messengers

The Last day (& Aspects of the Grave)

The Divine Decree (Al-Qadar)

IHSAAN

Definition of Ihsaan (Lexical and technical)

What is meant here: the technical meaning alone or with the lexical meaning as well

The reward for al-Ihsaan

Seeing Allah .. Is it implied in this Hadith?

ADDITIONAL BENEFITS OF THIS HADITH

The meaning of the Hour: Why it is called the Hour

The importance of the signs of the hour

Gabriel The meaning of Deen The moral lessons from the Hadith.