Hadith Collection, Sunni Version A.S. Hashim, MD.

Hadith Collection, Sunni Version

A.S. Hashim, MD

About this slide show:About this slide show:

This slide show deals with:This slide show deals with:

a.a. A general view of Hadith A general view of Hadith

b.b. Categories of HadithCategories of Hadith

c.c. History of Hadith fabrications and forgeriesHistory of Hadith fabrications and forgeries

d.d. I’lm Al-RijaalI’lm Al-Rijaal

e.e. Collection of Hadith during the 1Collection of Hadith during the 1stst, 2, 2ndnd, and 3, and 3rdrd century century

f.f. Chain of NarrationChain of Narration

g.g. Collectors of Hadith and their booksCollectors of Hadith and their books

What is Hadith?What is Hadith?

HadithHadith is a specific statement of Prophet Muhammad is a specific statement of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)(pbuh)

TraditionsTraditions are deeds or conduct of Prophet are deeds or conduct of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)Muhammad (pbuh)

The Hadith and Sunnah are second in importance to The Hadith and Sunnah are second in importance to the Quranthe Quran

The Holy QuranThe Holy Quran is God's Words and come first in is God's Words and come first in significance and importancesignificance and importance

Hadith ReportingHadith Reporting

Al-Hadith

Sunni Shi’a

Canonical Books

The SunnahThe Sunnah

The Sunnah consists of:The Sunnah consists of:

1.1. The statements of Muhammad (pbuh) andThe statements of Muhammad (pbuh) and

2.2. His Tradition (conduct)His Tradition (conduct)

The Sayings are bindingThe Sayings are binding

The Sunnah can be interpreted in several waysThe Sunnah can be interpreted in several ways

The Shari'ahThe Shari'ah

The Shari'ah (Islamic Way) consists of:The Shari'ah (Islamic Way) consists of:

The Quranic Divine Guidance, andThe Quranic Divine Guidance, and

The Sunnah of Muhammad (pbuh)The Sunnah of Muhammad (pbuh)

Shari'ah is the Constitution of IslamShari'ah is the Constitution of Islam

Shari'ah needs to be interpretedShari'ah needs to be interpreted

The interpreter of Shari'ah is called FaqeehThe interpreter of Shari'ah is called Faqeeh

Constitution of IslamConstitution of Islam

Shari’ah

Quran Sunnah

The interpreter of Shari'ah is

called Faqeeh

Fiqh (Islamic Law)Fiqh (Islamic Law)

Fiqh is interpretation of Shari'ah by a scholar erudite Fiqh is interpretation of Shari'ah by a scholar erudite in Islamic knowledgein Islamic knowledge

Head of Islamic Schools of Thought is Faqeeh of the Head of Islamic Schools of Thought is Faqeeh of the highest caliberhighest caliber

Fiqh is the Law in Islamic CirclesFiqh is the Law in Islamic Circles

Fiqh is the spiritual law of unique importance to Fiqh is the spiritual law of unique importance to MuslimsMuslims

The language of the HadithThe language of the Hadith

The literary style of Hadith is very high, yet it is far The literary style of Hadith is very high, yet it is far different from the Qurandifferent from the QuranOften the Hadith consists of a few words yet has Often the Hadith consists of a few words yet has deep meaning of immeasurable valuedeep meaning of immeasurable valueHadith may look like maxims and/or proverbsHadith may look like maxims and/or proverbsHadith often touches on certain aspects of lifeHadith often touches on certain aspects of life

Subjects of HadithSubjects of Hadith

1.1. Hadiths deal with elements of Faith and BeliefHadiths deal with elements of Faith and Belief

2.2. Hadiths deal with RitualsHadiths deal with Rituals

3.3. Hadiths deal with Human CharacterHadiths deal with Human Character

4.4. Hadiths deal with Ah’kaam and dealing with othersHadiths deal with Ah’kaam and dealing with others

5.5. Hadiths deal with the AfterlifeHadiths deal with the Afterlife

Categories of HadithCategories of HadithThe scholars of the Hadith literature divided the Traditions The scholars of the Hadith literature divided the Traditions of the Prophet (pbuh) into categories according to the of the Prophet (pbuh) into categories according to the degree of authenticity and reliability, each category had to degree of authenticity and reliability, each category had to meet certain criteria.meet certain criteria.The categories are as follows:The categories are as follows:

SahihSahih:  :    صحـيـحصحـيـح      The genuine Traditions, the authentic The genuine Traditions, the authentic ones.ones.MoothaqMoothaq:  :      موثـقموثـقAlmost like the Sahih but the chain of Almost like the Sahih but the chain of narrators is not as strong as those of the Sahih.narrators is not as strong as those of the Sahih.HasanHasan: : حـسـنحـسـن The fair Traditions although inferior in matter The fair Traditions although inferior in matter of authenticity.of authenticity.Dha'eefDha'eef:  :  ضـعيـفضـعيـف The weak Traditions which are not so The weak Traditions which are not so reliable. reliable. 

Categories of HadithCategories of Hadith

Dha'eefDha'eef: : ضعيـفضعيـف  

Hasan: Hasan: حـسـنحـسـن

Sahih: Sahih:    صحـيـحصحـيـح    

Moothaq: Moothaq: موثـموثـقق

Classes of Deeds and ActionsClasses of Deeds and ActionsIn the Shari'ah (Islamic Constitution) In the Shari'ah (Islamic Constitution) deeds and actions deeds and actions are are divided into five classes:divided into five classes:

Fardh or WajibFardh or Wajib:  :     واجـب او واجـب فرض او An obligatory duty the An obligatory duty the   فرضomission of which is Islamicly punishable.omission of which is Islamicly punishable.Mus'tahabMus'tahab:  :  مسـتـحبمسـتـحب   An action which is rewarded, but An action which is rewarded, but whose omission is not punishable.whose omission is not punishable.Mu'baah:  Mu'baah:        مـباحمـباحAn action which is permitted but legally is An action which is permitted but legally is indifferent.indifferent.Mak'roohMak'rooh: : مكـروهمكـروه      An action which is disapproved by the An action which is disapproved by the Shari'ah but is not under any penalty.Shari'ah but is not under any penalty.HaramHaram:  :  حرامحرام An action which is forbidden, and Islamicly An action which is forbidden, and Islamicly punishable.punishable.

Narrators of RenownNarrators of RenownAbu Hurairah:Abu Hurairah:

A poor man, of the Saffah, in company of the Prophet for A poor man, of the Saffah, in company of the Prophet for a short time (only 17-19 months)a short time (only 17-19 months)Though an illiterate, he became governor over Bahrain, Though an illiterate, he became governor over Bahrain, then over Medina (after Omar had died)then over Medina (after Omar had died)

Ibn Abbas:Ibn Abbas:Was 13 years old when the Prophet diedWas 13 years old when the Prophet diedWas student of Imam AliWas student of Imam Ali

Ibn OmarIbn OmarWas 20 years old when the Prophet diedWas 20 years old when the Prophet died

Numerous other Sahaaba Numerous other Sahaaba , not as prolific as the above 3, not as prolific as the above 3

The Fabricated Hadiths:The Fabricated Hadiths:    االحاديت االحاديت        المختلقهالمختلقه

  History of Fabrication:History of Fabrication:During Benu Umayya's Rule:During Benu Umayya's Rule:  Bringing forth a Counterfeit Hadith   Bringing forth a Counterfeit Hadith was widespread throughout this period.was widespread throughout this period.During Benu Abbas' Rule,During Benu Abbas' Rule, producing and circulating counterfeit producing and circulating counterfeit Hadiths was widespread too, in particular with the advent of the Hadiths was widespread too, in particular with the advent of the schools of thought in Islam.schools of thought in Islam.By the year 200 H.:By the year 200 H.:  Total of 600,000 Hadiths were in existence,   Total of 600,000 Hadiths were in existence, out of which 408,324 Hadith were fabricated (counterfeit) Hadiths out of which 408,324 Hadith were fabricated (counterfeit) Hadiths by 620 forgers, whose names and identity are known.by 620 forgers, whose names and identity are known. Most Notorious Forgers:Most Notorious Forgers:  Ibn Jundub, Abu Bukhtari, Ibn Basheer,   Ibn Jundub, Abu Bukhtari, Ibn Basheer, Abdullah Al-Ansaari, Al-Sindi.  One of them, Ibn Au'jaa, professed Abdullah Al-Ansaari, Al-Sindi.  One of them, Ibn Au'jaa, professed before he was hanged (for his heresy) that he alone had forged before he was hanged (for his heresy) that he alone had forged 4,000 Hadiths.4,000 Hadiths.

Reasons for Fabricating Hadiths Reasons for Fabricating Hadiths Reasons to Fabricate (To do Hadith forgery):Reasons to Fabricate (To do Hadith forgery):     

1.1. Financial incentive by the Khalifas, starting with Financial incentive by the Khalifas, starting with Mu'awiya. Mu’awiya as an example awarded Ibn Mu'awiya. Mu’awiya as an example awarded Ibn Jundub and others large sums of money for coming Jundub and others large sums of money for coming forth with Hadiths in his favor.forth with Hadiths in his favor.

2.2. As a means of self-promotion in the government.As a means of self-promotion in the government.3.3. In a drive to enhance a particular school of thought.In a drive to enhance a particular school of thought.4.4. Fanaticism for a school of thought at the expense of Fanaticism for a school of thought at the expense of

others.others.5.5. Al-Qassassoon (The story-tellers):Al-Qassassoon (The story-tellers):    القصــاصــونالقصــاصــون   

Their operation and major role in the public.Their operation and major role in the public.

Size of Authentic versus Fabricated Hadith

Over 600,000 Fabricated Hadiths as of 200H

Less than 3,000 Authentic Hadith

During the During the 11stst Century H. Century H. The early Khalifas discouraged putting the Hadith in writing,The early Khalifas discouraged putting the Hadith in writing,They encouraged They encouraged committing the Hadith to memory.committing the Hadith to memory.  Ali   Ali differed from them and wrote 580 Hadiths. differed from them and wrote 580 Hadiths. It was soon discovered that the quotes of the Hadith were It was soon discovered that the quotes of the Hadith were inaccurateinaccurate

For one thing many of the Sahaaba had died, and for another, For one thing many of the Sahaaba had died, and for another, that committing Hadiths to memory was not that reliablethat committing Hadiths to memory was not that reliable

Al-Zuhri, Al-Hazm were both commissioned by Khalifa Omar Al-Zuhri, Al-Hazm were both commissioned by Khalifa Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz to collect the Hadith but the work was Ibn Abdul Aziz to collect the Hadith but the work was probably not done, due to early death of the Khalifa in 101 probably not done, due to early death of the Khalifa in 101 H.  No record of their work exists.H.  No record of their work exists.

During the During the 2nd2nd Century H. Century H.Collection of Hadith was mainly by: Collection of Hadith was mainly by:

Ibn Jarih, Ibn Jarih, Al-Thawri, Al-Thawri, Ibn Basheer, and Ibn Basheer, and Malik Ibn Anas in his Mu'watta.Malik Ibn Anas in his Mu'watta.

The necessity of I'lm Al-Rijaal,The necessity of I'lm Al-Rijaal,    الرجال الرجال علم Science of (Science of)      علمmen of Hadith Transmitters) became necessary because of men of Hadith Transmitters) became necessary because of the numerous counterfeit Hadiths circulated at the time.the numerous counterfeit Hadiths circulated at the time.Compiling books about forged (counterfeit) Hadiths: Compiling books about forged (counterfeit) Hadiths: 

This was necessary to warn the Scholars and the public This was necessary to warn the Scholars and the public about the multitude of the forged Hadiths at that time.about the multitude of the forged Hadiths at that time.

During the During the 33rdrd Century H. Century H.Hadith was collected and categorized in the third century of Hijrah Hadith was collected and categorized in the third century of Hijrah resulting in six canonical collections called (Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah):resulting in six canonical collections called (Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah):Al-Bukhari, d.256 A.H:  Al-Bukhari, d.256 A.H:  بخارى بخارى صـحيـح -Selected 7275 (2712 Non-Selected 7275 (2712 Non صـحيـحduplicated) out of 600,000 available Hadiths he was aware of.duplicated) out of 600,000 available Hadiths he was aware of.Muslim, d.261 A.H:  Muslim, d.261 A.H:  مسـلم مسـلم صـحيـح -Selected 9200 (3,033 Non-Selected 9200 (3,033 Non    صـحيـحduplicated) out of 300,000 available Hadiths he was aware of.duplicated) out of 300,000 available Hadiths he was aware of.Abu Dawood, d.276 A.H. Abu Dawood, d.276 A.H. داود ابو داود سنن ابو Selected 4,800 of 500,000 Selected 4,800 of 500,000        سننavailable Hadiths he was aware of..available Hadiths he was aware of..Ibn Maajeh: d.273 A.H.  Ibn Maajeh: d.273 A.H.  ماجه ابن ماجه ســــنن ابن Selected Selected 5274 Hadiths5274 Hadiths    ســــنن

Tirmidhi, d.279 A.H. Tirmidhi, d.279 A.H.  الترمذى الترمذى جـــامع .He was blind.He was blind    جـــامعal-Nisaa'i, d.303 A.H.   al-Nisaa'i, d.303 A.H.   النسـائي النسـائي سـنن    سـننIt is worthy of note that the number of the Shi'a transmitters of Hadith It is worthy of note that the number of the Shi'a transmitters of Hadith whose quotes appear in the Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah is over 300.whose quotes appear in the Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah is over 300.

The necessity for I'lm Al-Rijaal,The necessity for I'lm Al-Rijaal,    علم علم  الرجالالرجال

The necessity of I'lm Al-Rijaal,The necessity of I'lm Al-Rijaal,    الرجال الرجال علم Science (Science)      علمof men of Hadith Transmitters): Considered before of men of Hadith Transmitters): Considered before reliability of the narrator could be established, were:reliability of the narrator could be established, were:1.1. The Background, The Background, 2.2. Intelligence, Intelligence, 3.3. Authenticity, Authenticity, 4.4. Reliability, Reliability, 5.5. Capacity to Memorize, Capacity to Memorize, 6.6. Manner of living, Manner of living, 7.7. Reputation, and Reputation, and 8.8. Criticism, Criticism,

By the year 200 H.By the year 200 H.Total of 600,000 Hadiths were in existence,Total of 600,000 Hadiths were in existence,The fabricated Hadiths numbered The fabricated Hadiths numbered 408,324408,324The fabricated Hadiths were traced to The fabricated Hadiths were traced to 620620 forgers, forgers, The names of the forgers and their identity were The names of the forgers and their identity were registered. registered. Ibn Abi Awjaa as an example, claimed before his Ibn Abi Awjaa as an example, claimed before his execution he forged 4,000 Hadiths by himself.execution he forged 4,000 Hadiths by himself.Alphabetized names of fabricators, their background Alphabetized names of fabricators, their background and references, are available in Book of Al-Ghadeer, and references, are available in Book of Al-Ghadeer, Vol.5 Page 208Vol.5 Page 208

Notorious ForgersNotorious Forgers

Ibn Jundub, Ibn Jundub, جندب جندب ابن ابن

Abu Bukhtari, Abu Bukhtari, البختريالبختري

Ibn Basheer, Ibn Basheer, بشير بشير ابن ابن

Abdullah Al-Ansaari, Abdullah Al-Ansaari, األنصاري الله األنصاري عبد الله عبد

Al-Sindi.  Al-Sindi.  السنديالسندي

Ibn Au'jaa, Ibn Au'jaa, العوجاء ابي العوجاء ابن ابي who professed before he who professed before he ابنwas hanged (for his heresy) that he alone had forged was hanged (for his heresy) that he alone had forged 4,000 Hadiths.4,000 Hadiths.

Hadith BooksHadith Books

There are 6 Canonical Treatises (Sunni)There are 6 Canonical Treatises (Sunni)

There are 4 Canonical Treatises (Shi'a)There are 4 Canonical Treatises (Shi'a)

Each treatise consists of 6-12 volumesEach treatise consists of 6-12 volumes

There are about 2,000-3,000 authentic Hadiths, and There are about 2,000-3,000 authentic Hadiths, and many more that are reliable (less than authentic).many more that are reliable (less than authentic).

To Follow the Shari'ahTo Follow the Shari'ah

To be a person of piety (Taq'wa) a Muslim To be a person of piety (Taq'wa) a Muslim strives to:strives to:

1.1. Follow the QuranFollow the Quran

2.2. Apply the Hadith's instructionsApply the Hadith's instructions

3.3. Emulate the conduct of Prophet Muhammad Emulate the conduct of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)(pbuh)

4.4. By so doing he/she will have achieved the By so doing he/she will have achieved the perfection of character and gained Heavenperfection of character and gained Heaven

SunniSunni Hadith Collection Hadith Collection

Early in Islam, many people claimed to have committed Early in Islam, many people claimed to have committed the Hadith to memory, generation after another, but the Hadith to memory, generation after another, but Hadith was not registeredHadith was not registeredCollection and registering of Hadith in distinctive book Collection and registering of Hadith in distinctive book format began 200 to 300 years after Muhammad (pbuh) format began 200 to 300 years after Muhammad (pbuh) had passed awayhad passed awayChain of Hadith NarrationChain of Hadith Narration was recorded for was recorded for authenticity's sakeauthenticity's sakeSuch an endeavor took a life time of hard work on the Such an endeavor took a life time of hard work on the part of the Hadith collectorpart of the Hadith collector

SunniSunni Hadith Collection Hadith Collection

Books of Hadith by the Sunni were written Books of Hadith by the Sunni were written 240-300 years after Hijrah240-300 years after Hijrah

Six canonical books were the resultSix canonical books were the result

They are called the 6 authentic books (Al-They are called the 6 authentic books (Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah)Sihaah Al-Sittah)

Some of these books are more prized than Some of these books are more prized than others (such as Bukhari and Muslim)others (such as Bukhari and Muslim)

SunniSunni Canonical Collections Canonical Collections

1.1. Sahih of Al-Bukhari, d.256 A.H:  Sahih of Al-Bukhari, d.256 A.H:  بخارى بخارى صـحيـح صـحيـح

2.2. Sahih of Muslim, d.261 A.H:  Sahih of Muslim, d.261 A.H:  مسـلم مسـلم صـحيـح          صـحيـح

3.3. Sunan Ibn Maajeh: d.273 A.H.  Sunan Ibn Maajeh: d.273 A.H.  ماجه ابن ماجه ســنن ابن    ســنن

4.4. Sunan of Abu Dawood, d.276 A.H. Sunan of Abu Dawood, d.276 A.H. داود ابو داود سنن ابو   سنن

5.5. Jami' of Tirmidhi, d.279 A.H.  Jami' of Tirmidhi, d.279 A.H.  التــــرمـذى التــــرمـذى جـــامع    جـــامع

6.6. Sunan of al-Nisaa'i, d.303 A.H. Sunan of al-Nisaa'i, d.303 A.H. ســننســنن النسائيالنسائي

SunniSunni Hadith Collection: Hadith Collection: 33rdrd Century Century

Collected byCollected by BookBook AgeAge

Bukhari Bukhari Sahih BukhariSahih Bukhari 194-256H 194-256H

Muslim Muslim Sahih MuslimSahih Muslim 204-261H 204-261H

Ibn MaajehIbn Maajeh Sunan Ibn MaajehSunan Ibn Maajeh 209-273H209-273H

Abu DawoodAbu Dawood Sunan Abu Sunan Abu DawoodDawood

203-276H203-276H

TirmidhiTirmidhi Jami' of TirmidhiJami' of Tirmidhi 209-279H 209-279H

al-Nisaa'ial-Nisaa'i Sunan al-Nisaa'iSunan al-Nisaa'i 215-303H 215-303H

Sunni Hadith CollectionSunni Hadith CollectionHadiths quotes were taken from the SahaabaHadiths quotes were taken from the SahaabaThe second generation took the Hadith from the Sahaaba, The second generation took the Hadith from the Sahaaba, and were called Al-Tabi’eenand were called Al-Tabi’eenCollectors of Hadith in the 3Collectors of Hadith in the 3rdrd century had to go through a century had to go through a chain of narrators to reach the Sahaaba and/or Tabi’eenchain of narrators to reach the Sahaaba and/or Tabi’eenCollectors of Hadith put forth criteria as guidelines to accept Collectors of Hadith put forth criteria as guidelines to accept or reject any specific Hadithor reject any specific HadithThe arduous job was to sift through 600,000 “Hadiths” The arduous job was to sift through 600,000 “Hadiths” available at the time to choose what is authenticavailable at the time to choose what is authenticIn contrast the Shi’a quoted the Imams who quoted their In contrast the Shi’a quoted the Imams who quoted their forefathers up to the Prophet. The process continued for forefathers up to the Prophet. The process continued for 329 years329 years

Collectors of Hadith, 3rd Century

Hadiths

1. 1. Al-Bukhari Al-Bukhari

2. Muslim2. Muslim

3. Abu Dawood3. Abu Dawood

4. al-Tirmidhi4. al-Tirmidhi

6. Ibn Maajeh6. Ibn Maajeh

5. al-Nisaa'i5. al-Nisaa'i

Al-Bukhari, 194-256H:Al-Bukhari, 194-256H:    البخاريالبخاري     

Al-Bukhari's mother tongue was Persian for he was Al-Bukhari's mother tongue was Persian for he was born in Bukhara. Part of Persia in those days.  born in Bukhara. Part of Persia in those days.  He collected the Hadith over a period of many years, He collected the Hadith over a period of many years, having established certain strict criteria.  having established certain strict criteria.  Political times during Bukhari’s lifetime were very Political times during Bukhari’s lifetime were very troublesome especially against Ahlul Bayt (led by troublesome especially against Ahlul Bayt (led by Al‑Mutawak'kilAl‑Mutawak'kilالمتوكلالمتوكل ).  ).  As a consequence Bukhari was cautious and As a consequence Bukhari was cautious and circumspect, having mentioned less about Ahlul circumspect, having mentioned less about Ahlul Bayt's narrations than any of the Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah.  Bayt's narrations than any of the Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah. 

Al-BukhariAl-BukhariBukhari was born to a slave family of Bukhara in 194H.  Bukhari was born to a slave family of Bukhara in 194H.  His father died while Bukhari was a child, leaving him a His father died while Bukhari was a child, leaving him a considerable fortune.  considerable fortune.  Bukhari was of weak physique, but with strong intellect, sharp Bukhari was of weak physique, but with strong intellect, sharp retentive memory, great capacity for hard work, he was methodical. retentive memory, great capacity for hard work, he was methodical. He began to study Hadith at the early age of eleven. He began to study Hadith at the early age of eleven. Then he went to Mecca for pilgrimage from where he took a journey Then he went to Mecca for pilgrimage from where he took a journey for the collection of Hadith. He traveled nearly forty years in quest of for the collection of Hadith. He traveled nearly forty years in quest of knowledge throughout the Muslim world.  knowledge throughout the Muslim world.  He then returned to Nishapoor in Iran but he had to leave as he He then returned to Nishapoor in Iran but he had to leave as he could not yield to the wishes of the Governor.  could not yield to the wishes of the Governor.  Bukhari settled afterwards in a village at Samarkand where he died Bukhari settled afterwards in a village at Samarkand where he died at the age of 62 years in 256H.  It has been said by some that he at the age of 62 years in 256H.  It has been said by some that he died in Baghdad.died in Baghdad. ــ

Al-BukhariAl-BukhariThroughout his life Bukhari was pious, and the Prophet's Tradition Throughout his life Bukhari was pious, and the Prophet's Tradition was his hobby while archery was his pastime.  was his hobby while archery was his pastime.  He selected He selected 27122712 non-duplicated Hadiths which became 7,275 when non-duplicated Hadiths which became 7,275 when duplicated by many narrators.  duplicated by many narrators.  The fact is that if one Hadith was narrated by six narrators, then this The fact is that if one Hadith was narrated by six narrators, then this Hadith was reported as 6 Hadiths though with minor variation in Hadith was reported as 6 Hadiths though with minor variation in expression of the Hadith in question.  Thus the number of Hadiths expression of the Hadith in question.  Thus the number of Hadiths would increase depending on how many narrators report it. would increase depending on how many narrators report it. These Hadiths were selected out of 600,000 Traditions available to These Hadiths were selected out of 600,000 Traditions available to him at the time. him at the time. It can be said that Bukhari found the remaining 592,725 Hadiths of It can be said that Bukhari found the remaining 592,725 Hadiths of unworthy basis and were to be ignored. unworthy basis and were to be ignored. Bukhari therefore chose only one Hadith out of every 200 ones, Bukhari therefore chose only one Hadith out of every 200 ones, meaning 0.5%, the rest were deemed forged (fabricated).meaning 0.5%, the rest were deemed forged (fabricated).

Muslim, 204-261H:  Muslim, 204-261H:  مسلممسلم         It is said Muslim was a student of Al-Bukhari and 8 years younger.  It is said Muslim was a student of Al-Bukhari and 8 years younger.  He differed from Bukhari in his methodology and criteria.  He differed from Bukhari in his methodology and criteria.  He collected the Hadith over a number of years, having established He collected the Hadith over a number of years, having established his own criteria. his own criteria. Political times then were less troublesome against Ahlul Bayt, (since Political times then were less troublesome against Ahlul Bayt, (since Al-Mutawak'kil was killed by his own son), therefore Muslim Al-Mutawak'kil was killed by his own son), therefore Muslim narrated a large number of Hadiths about Ahlul Bayt. narrated a large number of Hadiths about Ahlul Bayt. Muslim al-Nishapoori was born in a distinguished family of Arab Muslim al-Nishapoori was born in a distinguished family of Arab Muslims in Khurasan, Iran in 204H, and his mother tongue was Muslims in Khurasan, Iran in 204H, and his mother tongue was Persian for he was born in Nishapoor of Persia. Persian for he was born in Nishapoor of Persia. His forefathers occupied prominent positions during the time of four His forefathers occupied prominent positions during the time of four Khalifas; and Muslim himself inherited a large fortune from his Khalifas; and Muslim himself inherited a large fortune from his father who was also a Traditionist of some repute. father who was also a Traditionist of some repute. Muslim died in the year 261H.Muslim died in the year 261H.

MuslimMuslimSahih of Muslim is considered as next to Bukhari in Sahih of Muslim is considered as next to Bukhari in authenticity.  authenticity.  It is somewhat superior to Bukhari's work in the It is somewhat superior to Bukhari's work in the details of arrangement of Traditions. details of arrangement of Traditions. The commentary of this book can be found in Ibn The commentary of this book can be found in Ibn Khalikan's work Vol. II, Page 91, and in Fehrist (page Khalikan's work Vol. II, Page 91, and in Fehrist (page 231). 231). Sahih Muslim contains 3,033 non-duplicated Hadiths, Sahih Muslim contains 3,033 non-duplicated Hadiths, becoming 9,200 when duplicates are registered.  becoming 9,200 when duplicates are registered.  These Hadiths were selected out of 300,000 These Hadiths were selected out of 300,000 circulating Hadiths he was aware of. circulating Hadiths he was aware of.

Abu Dawood 203-276H  Abu Dawood 203-276H   داود داود ابو     ابوAbu Dawood received his education in Tradition at Khurasan, in Abu Dawood received his education in Tradition at Khurasan, in Iran. Iran. He was so respected by the people that after the city was He was so respected by the people that after the city was devastated by Zinjies (the Blacks), he was requested by the devastated by Zinjies (the Blacks), he was requested by the Khalifa al‑Mu'tadhid to settle there so as to attract people and Khalifa al‑Mu'tadhid to settle there so as to attract people and students due to his presence. He agreed, but refused to be the students due to his presence. He agreed, but refused to be the teacher to the Commander's son.  teacher to the Commander's son.  He adamantly refused the son of the Abbasi General (the founder He adamantly refused the son of the Abbasi General (the founder of the Suffari dynasty) but rather be available to other students.of the Suffari dynasty) but rather be available to other students.Abu Dawood wrote many books on Tradition and Islamic laws of Abu Dawood wrote many books on Tradition and Islamic laws of which his “Sunan” is the most important. The Sunan contains which his “Sunan” is the most important. The Sunan contains 4,800 Traditions which were sifted from 500,000 Hadiths he was 4,800 Traditions which were sifted from 500,000 Hadiths he was aware of. This work took him nearly 20 years.aware of. This work took him nearly 20 years.

al-Tirmidhi: 209-279H  al-Tirmidhi: 209-279H  الترمذىالترمذى        

This is another standard work on Hadith and This is another standard work on Hadith and is considered by the Sunni Muslim jurists as is considered by the Sunni Muslim jurists as one of the six authentic Traditions works. one of the six authentic Traditions works. Tirmidhi was the first man to determine the Tirmidhi was the first man to determine the identity of identity of

the names, the names, surnames, and surnames, and titles of the narrators of Traditions. titles of the narrators of Traditions.

al-Nisaa'i 215-303H: al-Nisaa'i 215-303H:       النسائيالنسائي       Al-Nisaa'i made a good Hadith collection, quite credible.  Al-Nisaa'i made a good Hadith collection, quite credible.  He wrote Al-Khasa'is book, about the eminence of Imam Ali He wrote Al-Khasa'is book, about the eminence of Imam Ali and Ahlul Bayt and the Hadiths on their behalf.  and Ahlul Bayt and the Hadiths on their behalf.  Al-Nisaa'i was 88 years old when in Damascus he expressed Al-Nisaa'i was 88 years old when in Damascus he expressed his views about Mu'awiya by saying, “All I know is that the his views about Mu'awiya by saying, “All I know is that the Prophet (pbuh) said, `May Allah make a glutton out of him.” Prophet (pbuh) said, `May Allah make a glutton out of him.” Infuriated, Mu'awiya's sympathizers attacked al-Nisaa'i,Infuriated, Mu'awiya's sympathizers attacked al-Nisaa'i,

trampled upon him, trampled upon him, crushed his testicles, andcrushed his testicles, andafter that the infirm Nisaa'i was taken to Mecca where he after that the infirm Nisaa'i was taken to Mecca where he died.  He was buried between Safa and Marwa. died.  He was buried between Safa and Marwa.

al-Nisaa'ial-Nisaa'i

Sunan of al‑Nisaa'i work on Tradition has been Sunan of al‑Nisaa'i work on Tradition has been recognized as the best Tradition work of his time, recognized as the best Tradition work of his time,

His smaller work is now considered as one of the His smaller work is now considered as one of the Sihaah Sittah. Sihaah Sittah.

He was the foremost Traditionist of his age and He was the foremost Traditionist of his age and spared no pains in having Hadith recorded in his spared no pains in having Hadith recorded in his Sunan. Sunan.

He admitted that in his work there are many weak He admitted that in his work there are many weak and doubtful Hadiths (Traditions). and doubtful Hadiths (Traditions).

Ibn Maajeh 209-295H:Ibn Maajeh 209-295H:        ماجه ماجه ابن      ابن     

Born in Qazween, Iran in 209HBorn in Qazween, Iran in 209HThe Abbasid Empire was then at its peak of civilization and power, The Abbasid Empire was then at its peak of civilization and power, and Al-Ma'Moon was the influential Khalifa, who led the Caliphate and Al-Ma'Moon was the influential Khalifa, who led the Caliphate toward progress and an Islamic-spirited renaissance.toward progress and an Islamic-spirited renaissance.At the age of 22 Ibn Maajeh set out on his journey in 230H to learn At the age of 22 Ibn Maajeh set out on his journey in 230H to learn Hadith from scholars. He traveled to Khurasan, Basra, Kufa, Hadith from scholars. He traveled to Khurasan, Basra, Kufa, Baghdad, Damascus, Mecca, Medina, and Egypt.Baghdad, Damascus, Mecca, Medina, and Egypt.After an arduous 15 years, Ibn Maajeh turned back to Qazween, After an arduous 15 years, Ibn Maajeh turned back to Qazween, writing, classifying, and narrating Hadiths. writing, classifying, and narrating Hadiths. His fame grew far and wide and seekers of knowledge came to His fame grew far and wide and seekers of knowledge came to him.him.The only surviving book written by Ibn Maajeh is The only surviving book written by Ibn Maajeh is Sunan.Sunan. This book This book has achieved widespread fame and gave him renown and has achieved widespread fame and gave him renown and prestigious status among the scholars of Hadithprestigious status among the scholars of Hadith

Imam Ahmad, 164-241H:  Imam Ahmad, 164-241H:  احمد XYمام احمد ا XYمام            ا

Imam Ahmad was born in Baghdad, and his was the most Imam Ahmad was born in Baghdad, and his was the most important and exhaustive of all Mus'nad works.  important and exhaustive of all Mus'nad works.  His pious and selfless life created a halo of sanctity around his His pious and selfless life created a halo of sanctity around his great collection of Traditions and in spite of its great bulk, it great collection of Traditions and in spite of its great bulk, it survived the vicissitude of time and revolution of empires.  survived the vicissitude of time and revolution of empires.  His Mus'nad contains 30,000 Traditions on various subjects, His Mus'nad contains 30,000 Traditions on various subjects, reported by as many as 700 companions of the Prophet. reported by as many as 700 companions of the Prophet. He died before he gave his works a final shape and his son He died before he gave his works a final shape and his son Abdullah completed it in the course of 13 years.  Abdullah completed it in the course of 13 years.  This book occupied a very important position in Hadith literature This book occupied a very important position in Hadith literature and served for a long time as the chief source of Hadith. It was and served for a long time as the chief source of Hadith. It was read up to the 12th century.  Afterwards it fell into relative disfavor read up to the 12th century.  Afterwards it fell into relative disfavor owing to other better works. owing to other better works.

Collection of al-Hadith Collection of al-Hadith Al-Sihah Al-SittahAl-Sihah Al-Sittah

(Sunni)(Sunni)

Registered by highlyRegistered by highly

Qualified scholars in Islam Qualified scholars in Islam

Narration of Ahlul BaytNarration of Ahlul Bayt

(Shi'a)(Shi'a)

Registered by highlyRegistered by highly

Qualified scholars in Islam Qualified scholars in Islam

Quoting various people Quoting various people whose narration went back to whose narration went back to

the Prophet’s companionsthe Prophet’s companions and Tabi’een, then to and Tabi’een, then to

Muhammad (pbuh) himself. Muhammad (pbuh) himself.

Quoted from the 12 Imams Quoted from the 12 Imams (Ahlul Bayt).   Narration  was (Ahlul Bayt).   Narration  was

straight through to Muhammad straight through to Muhammad (pbuh) by way of Ali’s registration (pbuh) by way of Ali’s registration

of Hadiths. of Hadiths.

Manner of Collection of al-Hadith Manner of Collection of al-Hadith

Hadith Collection

Al-Sihaah Al-SittahAl-Sihaah Al-SittahQuoted from Quoted from TwoTwo

generations: generations: Sahaaba and Sahaaba and

Tabi’eenTabi’een

Narration of Ahlul BaytNarration of Ahlul Bayt

Quoted from Quoted from TwelveTwelve generations, the Imams, generations, the Imams,

over a period of 329 over a period of 329 yearsyears

In ConclusionGeneral discussion of Hadith with the Sunni

1. A general view of Hadith2. Categories of Hadith3. Hadith fabrications and forgeries4. I’lm Al-Rijaal5. Hadith during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, century6. Collectors of Hadith and their books

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Be in Allah’s CareBe in Allah’s Care

Dr. A.S. HashimDr. A.S. Hashim