Habitat Evaluation Procedures • 1969-1976 – an enlightened Congress passes conservation legislation • Affecting management of fish & wildlife resources • NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) • ESA • Forest & Rangelands Renewable Resources Planning Act • Federal Land Policy & Management Act
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Habitat Evaluation Procedures 1969-1976 – an enlightened Congress passes conservation legislation Affecting management of fish & wildlife resources NEPA.
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Habitat Evaluation Procedures• 1969-1976 – an enlightened Congress
passes conservation legislation
• Affecting management of fish & wildlife resources
Planning Act• Federal Land Policy & Management Act
Habitat Evaluation Procedures
• Stimulates federal & state agencies to change management, thus:1) simple, rapid, reliable methods to
determine & predict the species and habitats present on lands;
2) expand database for T/E, rare species;
3) Predict effects of various land use actions
Habitat Evaluation Procedures
• USFWS
• Habitat analysis models
• Goal = Assess impacts at a community level (i.e., species representative of all habitats being studied)
• e.g., use guild of species?
Habitat Evaluation Procedures
• USFWS
• Habitat analysis models
• What is a model?
• Important points to consider relative to models?
• What variables should be measured and/or included in the model?
Habitat Evaluation Procedures
Three Categories of Techniques:
1) Single-species models
a) simple correlation models
e.g., vegetation type-species matrix
Species habitat matrix
Habitat Evaluation Procedures
Three Categories of Techniques:
1) Single-species models
b) statistical models
i.e., prediction of distribution and/or abundance
What types?
Carnivore Habitat Research at CMU Spatial Ecology
• Overlay hexagon grid onto landcover map• Compare bobcat habitat attributes to population of hexagon
core areas
Carnivore Habitat Research at CMU Spatial Ecology
• Landscape metrics include:
• Composition (e.g., proportion cover
type)
• Configuration(e.g., patch isolation,
shape, adjacency)• Connectivity
(e.g., landscape permeability)
Carnivore Habitat Research at CMU Spatial Ecology
p
kkkjkiij pVP
1
2 /
• Calculate and use Penrose distance to measure similarity between more bobcat & non-bobcat hexagons • Where:
• population i represent core areas of radio-collared bobcats• population j represents NLP hexagons • p is the number of landscape variables evaluated • μ is the landscape variable value • k is each observation• V is variance for each landscape variable
after Manly (2005).
Penrose Model for Michigan BobcatsVariable Mean Vector bobcat
hexagonsNLP hexagons
% ag-openland 15.8 32.4
% low forest 51.4 10.4
% up forest 17.6 43.7
% non-for wetland 8.6 2.3
% stream 3.4 0.9
% transportation 3.0 5.2
Low for core 27.6 3.6
Mean A per disjunct core
0.7 2.6
Dist ag 50.0 44.9
Dist up for 55.0 43.6
CV nonfor wet A 208.3 120.1
Carnivore Habitat Research at CMU Spatial Ecology
• Each hexagon in NLP then receives a Penrose Distance (PD) value
• Remap NLP using these hexagons • Determine mean PD for
bobcat-occupied hexagons
Preuss 2005
Habitat Evaluation ProceduresThree Categories of Techniques:
1) Single-species models
b) statistical models
* modern statistical modeling & model selection techniques
e.g., logistic regression & Resource Selection Probability Functions (RSF) & RSPF for determining amount & dist. of favorable habitat