gzZ Š Zz Š gZ ZéJ6 ß Ðy - April - Sept... · 2015-04-24 · ßF,e w›gzZ ŸmºLZÃx), kSä~OßYï6,gîm{XHúæÃÄYZÐ 11188818Xåc*¯w=Ð rZŠÅ'Z·~ Y193 3äV'ŠZI]].‰kÑ',Zi%k,2+gzZ

„yЬß/6JéZ~ZgŠzZŠ[ZzgÄz÷á²~ÅF,zó:Zq-Y,{

* ZZZZ®®®®ssssZZZZvvvv** ····ZZZZ1111kkkk*** ····ggggZZZZ

It is generally perceived that the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

(previously known as NWFP) remained far behind in the promotion of

Urdu language and literature and no proper attention had been paid to this

cause in the areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa but the reality speaks something

different. This article explores an historical account of Urdu language and

literature in the province in the pre-partition era. It deals with the initial

struggle made by different quarters for the uplift of Urdu language and

literature in the environs of this province and comprehensively discussed

the contribution of different scholars, poets and other men of art and

literature who played their extra-ordinary role in this respect. Although

this land is dominated by a majority of Pakhtun population yet they took an

active part in the promotion of Urdu language and literature and

established different organizations for this purpose.

gaSÔ¸òZŠZg{',Zñï@*gõzpÄ0*ÎyÔ%œ/¤Ô‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX *

¼gÔ_·0*ÎyÔÍg7†¤/�f$»ÒÔeg‡{Ô6JéZX **

Z*…e°Ô_·0*ÎyÔZsð Zzg zm,ãÚÔ%_·0*ÎyÔÍgRnJ‚b»ÒÔ?zg ***

»Ò-Eg;Ô?zgX

QgŠz:Üs¸òi!*yƒäÆ**ðZÌÅqïìÉøg}oÆîwz²n~W‚ãЪYCìXti!*yFZëi!*âVÆuZVЧZ[ZzgZ�'V

ZzgÕâVÐnƒðìXZkaZki!*yäÕyÅÓx¢zgc*]ZzgÓxi!*âVÅS:]ZLZ0+g_.[™à÷X',R0*uzy~œ-VÆZ%oÐZ�'V

6JéZ 1111 Æé5\ZzgWölÐx^»�Wö{»gƒZz{QgŠzi!*yBäÎX)‚—Ñwf!uu~ß/(~QgŠzi!*yzZŠ[ÆZg»Y»óZzg@*g]UîVÃæÃgÄ™Y,{1YñÂZkß/~�,œ~Æz‰J-ZŠ!u¤/xV²z`6,ÃWCŠ3ðŠî÷XZ¤/ptŠzgZðzW¹»7ÉkBz].wZzg(ÏdZy»ŠzgåXZkŠzg~

6JéZ»½ãic*Š{F,zZôm,zVÅ¿ŠZg~~÷áïƒ[åXZk²ā~�Zôm,ZdÇh+ZgZk´º~³ƒñZyÃ5iñVÅ¢zg]7,~ZzgZkZ%Å¢zg]Šg7ƒðā£òßv5ixgÇYNZzgZ(„ƒZXSy5i}~ZÒe$QgŠzÄZYÅ

¶Zzg‰yÃZzgÃgÏ~Äz÷á²~™D¸XMVäŒVZŠ!•=NXÅ$+zªŒVZŠ!cY‡ìƒðX–wÃgrgg~LLZyÛzãÄZYÊN™ZŠ!u¤/ñVä£òßÍV~g‡"$»_./aZHZzgZyƒäÃgÏZzgyÃÆ‚B‚BQgŠz÷á²~

2222 ÌÑzq™Š~Xx²}Ì™äÑZzgZŠ!WÖ̇ìƒä'óóX6JéZ~Z¤/Ãð(ZŠZg{QgŠzi!*yzZŠ[Æ�ÛzrcyZ`dÆÑë

ìÂz{Zsð»Ò?zgìXZkZŠZg}ä˜V(âjw½™ÆZŠ!cY‡ìÅÆÅgÃÌZY¤/™äÅ[ÅXŒV6,ZIi!*yÔDŠz„ZzgâCÙ#èGELQgŠz z;VßÍV

i!*yzZŠ[ÅWæä©ÔŠ‹Zzg¯g^z@»Ò6ZŠ!PÃgx½HXTÐZŠ!–wúŠZdÓ 3333 gZ÷³ƒNZzgQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[Å5+k,Zð~{āZŸ†ƒZX

LLSsð»ÒägzÝ»fg0™ŒVž{z@*gcîV~DzZŠ[ÅgzÝ;Š~Xº[ÔŠ‹Ô©Zzg©gW!*ŠŠÁz){ÐWñƒñZ‚E+{Zzg6,zWzVä�pŠÌ

4444 ZŠd$ÔŒVÆ7,ñ‘ßÍV~QgŠzZŠ[»9fztaZHXóó

Z6,sDm4102Y C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔ __________________________________________ 6

',R0*uzyńƈß/6JéZ~QgŠzi!*yzZŠ[ÅF,zó/ö

Yg~g„XQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[ÅF,¹~ôÄÆ%äšµZq-Z뙊ZgZŠZHXåTÆ–g-VäQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[ ϧ] ôÄÆyZy~ƒÐªâx)

÷é ÅuŠgz}.#ÖÅXSy~-Š÷áŠÔ©[ÃÔˆ÷á@Æ**xuz„¸X»ZZY8491Y~ƒZÔTÐQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[Ã(,~¾e$BXZkZŠ!6,dÐzZh

¾ËðÔ{§çâ~ZzgZ£0+*‡ŠZ,"VwßvZK&]Æ‚B÷áïƒDi0+Ï ½ã0*õ‚wˆª3591Y~g‚! 5555 Ì÷áùƒZX àk, gìXSÏ‚w8gzi{ßb ¾w©gW!*Š~Ô-ŠZûYHZzgZ/çâ~Åik,ôZã÷áùƒZXZŒ‚w8gzi{

?zgÐ÷áùƒ**ÑzqƒŠHXZkìgs0+ZZzg{§çâ~Åu6,4qÝg„XSk z§bôÄƈäZC¾wŠ3c*Zzg7g}6JéZÐZq-M®ZŠ~g‚bz

6666 »ŸÑzqƒŠHX Z÷á®) Å ZZ+

Syg‚bzZZ+Æ´z{ZŠ!ZIV»E+™{"û:ƒÇXQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[ÆÕy~T§bŠzu}‡Vä{™™ŠZgZŠZHÔZϧbZŠ!ZIVZzgEVäÌZChl!ZŠZHXZyZŠ!EVÆfg)ZŠ[~ÅgzW’q݃äÆ‚B‚BQgŠzZŠ[].h+e$ÐgzÙkƒZXZyZŠ!EVÅ$+zªx²}ÂZzgZYä7GYD¸XZyZIVä6Ég„aZ7GÉQyÅ/F,šMÌÅÔZyÅ&]Ã…gZZzgZy~5gzbYéXZyZŠ!u¤/ñVÅz‚¦Ð{§çâ~¼-Vg¶§Zi÷:LLªx0*ÎyиZzgˆFZŠ!ZIVZzg¡Väo�ZW,Z]%A$GÔLZ³×e$ZsxóZzgLZ³F,¹ZgŠzóäi!*yzZŠ[ÅZ÷á®)ZzgïÆyZy

7777 ~�»xHìz{@*gõÆ,]ÐL7$ÖYóóX

6JéZ»ª!*‡°{ZŠ!ZŠZg{LL),xKóóåXtZŠZg{ãCŠ~îg6,%iZÝx@!h¾æY

ÅŠ»yÐcnz�Š~Wc*Ô˜V6,ÓxÄZYZ‰ƒD¸XSkZŠ!),xÆ!*g}~{§çâ~˜÷:LLTŠy%iZÝx@ÅŠ»yÄZY»%œ/µSÏŠyLL),xKóóÅ

7 ________________ „yЬß/6JéZ~ZgŠzZŠ[ZzgÄz÷á²~ÅF,zó:Zq-Y,{

>—*]zZŠÒ]Zk!*]6,Zr™D÷āt),x‚NZ£ZÅ 8888 ãCŠ7,ˆ¶óóXÀ:Ã@VZzgZŠ[âZi~Å$+zª3091Y~¿~WðXZrVäx¸ñVÃZq-

Sk),xÆZ’ZðZgZW~ 9999 ±~~6,z™±HZzgZÏZŠ!ZŠZg}»**xLL),xKóóg3XÝx@!h¾æ

YÔ‚NZ£ZÔ¦®»‰ÔÝxŒã9‚ÝÔ¦Ñw÷á{',tÔW¸K~÷á{

SkZŠ!ZŠZg}6,®»‰äZq-çwF,KM 00001111 {ŠxZzg%iZÝx„k»**x‡.Þf™ìXŠ~ÔTÐSk),xÐÝÄZY»Ø¸ìX

¬¼Z+ƒZñ·g),xK

¯gì÷CÙSuÎDÙZg),xK

:ã²l?YðŠc*g),xK

»[÷�ƒV@*].Zg),xK

»[{ŠxzËwÌZzg{ØÌ

»[‚Nā÷ZŒg),xK

»[ŠZrzZ÷z°wÆczDÙZgYyÐ÷cŠZg),xK

z{È/z{F,ZIZzgz{*yz{!*õzg{QgŠzì;g),xK

»[¼zÄ~,zÃgz¹ìXÆŠxÐgzZVWtKg),xK

ÆZz�zQÔMŠ**¢z4,g£XÐìtÑ!iZg),xK

»[!Z{yāXÅ',•�Š‡Zg„ìæŠÇgzc*g),xK

‡z{',tz”tzØtÔz{9zi

Z6,sDm4102Y C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔ __________________________________________ 8

z{',vz|]gÁz‡g),xK

»[!h¾æY

z¬àz÷á§i~Y{ZÞjZ7¸z{c*g),xK

»[÷zZâ-$z{pl‰÷á²11111111 OìZyÃYVñ»g),xK

QgŠzi!*yzZŠ[Ã!*IJz`6,àäÅ{§LL),xKóóä"ÑgZŠ!ZzgW~BVZzgx²zV»ZÈxHXSyx²zV~FZ,x²}̃ñMVäo�à]0*ðZzgZkÅ!*i‚',ÎV‹ðŠîg„Xßv�tŠg�tx²zV~Ñq-ƒDZzgEVÃege0+ÎD¸XßÍVÅŠpÅãCŠ~zzt¶āZyÃô

cÃð{mÈznx:åXmÀ6Ãðfg=ñ�Š:åXZkaÜsx²}„úZòô»zZufg=¸Xx²}»Fg„ßvYá:�DZzgx²}~(

Ãgrgg~˜÷:LLx²}»Í™‚gZàI^7,@*Ôßv6 22221111 0*äcŠzh7,DX6À}X™Zzg-V0]™WD‰Ë‚6,YgìƒVXx²}Ð&&

33331111 egeg]¬W™ZKÒôp™àY'Xóó

LL),xKóóä,{',kJ-Zq-úc*VZ³ÅwлxHXZk~¹‚g}6ÄZY÷áïƒñXÎZK&&ZkPÃgxÆfg)QY¤/™ä»ñµ5XSyÄZY~÷„k÷Ô¦èZi~ÔZâ-$ZZâ-$ZzgMYQ~Æ**x÷áï÷ZzgSk§bFŠzu}ÄZYÌSk),xÐWAXSy~‡Z‡uu~ZzguŠZg†Z°[¼

‰u',WzgŠ{ÌZk),x»z¶Zzg-VtßvLL),xKóóÃa‡¶Åßg]WÐ(,_‰XFÝz�ÛZiWñFp´VgzúƒNÔ1t‡šZK2wÅ[~u¤/ŠZV

g;ZzgQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[ÅízZ÷á®)»¸W,fg=¯XQZq-z‰ÜZ(Wc*ātZŠZg{!*x44441111 ²z`6,îƈ)qà»DgƒŠHTÅãCŠ~zzW:~ÎtZzg**e¹¶X

{§çâ~˜÷:LL0291Y~Zq->ñQVāZkÅ�ZãZzgi¸]äLL),xKóó

9_________________ „yЬß/6JéZ~ZgŠzZŠ[ZzgÄz÷á²~ÅF,zó:Zq-Y,{

6,Zq-»g~¢[Îðtdw�Zy‡Zuu~åTäÃpg‚−Zg~Zq-ƒTÞÅw™ÄZYÃZK§s5XLL),xKóóЉZ%sÆ7Çuu~ä{ØVZzgP

Šzu}‚¹VÅö~LL¯KóóÆ**xÐZq-Z³ÅãCŠeZàZzgZk§bLL¯55551111 Kóó»¼gƒZóóX

6JéZ~ŠzuZ!*‡°{ZŠ!ZŠZg{c*Z³LL¯Kóó¶ÔT»ªx‡Zuu~LL¯Kóóƪx»ÑÜsLL),xKóó ¬U Åz‚¦Ð0291Y~¿~Ñc*ŠHX

ÅZYgZŠZg~ÃÂh**åXŠzu~ãCŠ~zzfZCZ%Ã]¶X�ZgZWLL),xKóóÆŠgxyaZƒ‰¸ZkaZyZ%Ã]Æ7Çuu~ä{ØVZzgŠzu}‚¹VÃgZá™ÆZL‚B5c*Zzg-V!*‡°{LL¯KóóÆ**xÐ5Z³ÅãCŠg¿XZyŠzâVZIVÆŠgxyg‡"$»Ÿ(,kŠHXLL¯KóóÅ(,ðF,~ÊكñLL),xKóóÌZLŠÃq~dwƒ**ÑzqƒðXZkÆZgZWZq-!*gQ',açL�gƒ™u¤/x

¿ƒ‰XZzg-VŠzâVZIVäñgpiyƒ™Zq-Šzu}Ãik,™äÅÃlÑzqXXZk¿~LL),xKóó»&Ïî FO¸g~g;YèZk),xƉâ�ZyÄZYų:gzièVÐt),xZq-!*gQ²z`6,VˆXZyÄZY~QZQÔuŠZg†Z°[

¼Ô¦MYQ~Zzg÷Zâ-$ZZâ-$Æ**xúc*V‰XZkÆ',@LL¯KóóäZ#Š¬āLL),xKóó¬Ðic*Š{dwZzg¢oƒˆÂZkäZq-ŠzuZw/tZEwHā!*CÙÐWñƒñÄZYÃZL‚B5c*@*āt),xZyßÍVÆ÷áïƒäÐ=w̃ZzgdwÌX!*CÙÐ�ÄZYLL¯Kóó~÷áïƒñZy~H9zi7g~Ô

66661111 Zsð»ÒуgÆÃgÏi!*yÆ6,zWñÑ**Z÷Z£÷fðÆ**xúc*V¸XcāWgZÇV»Ÿ$+2gŠzâVZIVÆŠgxyYg~g;XZq-Šzu}6,'

qÝ™äÅÎ~³:gziœŠzâV§sƒCg„XT»!*ßZôZW,QgŠzZŠ[6,7,ZZzg4+ZŠ[ðƒ@*g;X6ÄZYÅj,Z‚ÛZð¸ZŠZg}™D¸XLL¯KóóÃ!*syLL),xZŠ[óó~$+%»Z÷á@HãÃY@*ìXQkä˜VLL¯Kóó»**x$+w™

Z6,sDm4102Y C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔ __________________________________________ 01

LL),xZŠ[óóg3Ôz;VZk),xÃ*PÃgxÌ«HZzgu)6,zg½â]»W¸iÌ™

‚B Æ Šc*XZk§bZq-!*gQŠzâVZIV~£¨ÑzqƒŠHXx²}�lzyzlZq-Šzu}ÆÜsQÐZŠ!fztn:WgZYƒ‰X{§çâ~Æ_.LL?zgÅZŠ!ZIVÅW:~ÈVÐZq-µ³t�āZyÆZgZWdwƒ‰ZzgÄzZŠ[»fzt;ZzgFZ,6ÄZYzZŠ!*YZ½}�ˆ~o�à]Æâ´

77771111 ƒñXóóQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[SyZŠ!ZIVÔ<VÔEVZzgx²zV„Å$+zªgCgCF,¹Åoiwð™@*ŠHXLL),xZ°góóSyZIVÅZq-š/~ì�ā?zgYîã~6291Y~z�Š~WðXZkZ³Æu™Š{ZgZW~ÐgŸ',w~Ô³m,4ãÔ„kZW,Zzg£òÄZY~Ð**êŠgZãZzg¦fzZ3gZgg~Æ**xúc*V¸XZyÄZY~ÐZÒ)£òÄZYÔ�ŠgZÝ?zgYîã~Zôm,zVÆyw5ix¸c*ËŠzu}»xÆe~?zgWñ¸Xt),x(,~dwƒðZzgF(,}(,}x²}™ZñÔ!*CÙÐÄZYÃæúHX{mîg6,ïYßO~äSk),xÃZLºmŸZzg›weF,ß

88881111 Ð=w¯c*åX

Zvj-;Zzg2+k,%iZ',Ñk‰].]IZŠ'Vä3391Y~·Z'ÅŠZrâeZàX'Æik,ZÈx¹Zix²}ƒñXÅc*Š',ÎVŠßVÐ":ƒmXZkZŠZg}»ƒÐ(,Z»g**)Ñ$k,~»ªxåÔTл°¯ZZ+q݃ñXZkÑ$k,~äâ�ZyZI¯ÆŠßV~DzZŠ[Å›aZ™ä~Z뙊ZgZŠZHXZk

'~�ÄZYZŠd$÷áïƒñz{5ÎaÆqïZzgz‰ÜÆ»çVÆ‚B‚Bp=VÆpZéq¸ZzgŠg}ŠªâÏìÑ]zZˆ‚]Zzg„zÃÃ:1eZw™5QjVÃa{át¸ZzgZÏaz{Zk].]IZŠZg}~÷áïƒñXZ¤/p·Z'Ô~÷áïÄZYzZŠ!*pÎZgp=VÆpZéqÔ�Šzg].h+Æ»çVÆÐ_.ƒVZ#1QyÅtQy,',:WNÂz{¹â-kƒñZzgSk§bt

11 ________________ „yЬß/6JéZ~ZgŠzZŠ[ZzgÄz÷á²~ÅF,zó:Zq-Y,{

99991111 'ic*Š{²áJ-ZCz�Š‡ì:gÄeXQgŠzi!*yzZŠ[Æ�Ûzr~XZŠZgzVäZ뙊ZgZŠZHìÔQy~LLŠZ],{ZŠÔóó»**xgz×@*g}Åâ#ìXZkZŠZg}ÅúZÆ',5391Y~ƒðXSkZŠZg}Æ!*EV~6ZzgF,¹I¥D**]Æâ´MQ~Ô2+k,%iZ',ÑkÔgŸZãÔ¦1

¼Zk W} 5ãZzg†ZߊzŠ‡Æ**x÷áï÷XZkZŠZg}ƪxÆ!*g}~g‚!§bg¶§ZiìXLLŠZ],{ZŠÔ»ªx5391Y~¿~Ñc*ŠHXtZŠ!ZŠZg{Z³F,¹QgŠzZzg8-W!*ŠÐ‹åXZ#ŠZ],{ZŠÔÅãCŠ7,~ÂZk»ŠírpZã?zgÆZq-

92ZÆ',5391YÃcnz�Š~ 00002222 !*Ñ{ä~åˆ~tD÷á{zàyw~vƒŠHóóXWäzZáZkZŠ!ZŠZg}Æ!*EV~MQ~Ô2+k,%iZ',ÑkÔ†ZߊzŠ‡ÔZ÷ZâgMðZzg¦15ã÷áï¸XLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóó»ª!*‡°{Z°k3âÞ5391YÃZX

œgZzg 11112222 ZkZ°k~ŠZ],{ZŠÔÆœgÔ**T$œgZzg>¬nÆZgZW»OîHŠHX**T$œgLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóÆ_.!*]äZkZŠ!ZŠZg}Ã!*x²z`6,àc*XLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóÆœgMQ~6JéZÅu',WzgŠ{,¸XW\»ZÝ**x¦Áe$Z÷á{Q~ZzgMYkåÔ²ZŠ!òV~W\¦MYQ~Æ**xÐ=w¸XW\ÃÑzq„

ÐÄzZŠ[ЊpzgɶÔZkaZyƯx~éZzgŠzZxñ�ŠåX¦sÐŒÛRgÉÅzzÐZyƯx~${ð GOÃ:©c*]z,YOñ�ŠìXW\äŠ*ñÄzZŠ[~Zq-{m£xqÝHZzgZk®Å}.#Ö~!z‰Üzs

gìX2ÅZÌ6,izgŠïƒñW\ä66}Š!*]Ði!*yZzg343ï XJGGÆQ¬ÃzWH@*ā÷á²~~7åEO]aZƒZzgLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóÐÝÄZYzZŠ!*YÃZkÅcz~™ä6,ÌizgŠc*Xi!*yzZŠ[Å"ß_}.#Ö™äÅzzÐ!*syW\ÃLLìx

MQ~ 22222222 uuóóÆÄÐâZiZŠHX�W\ÅdZzgZŠ!}.â]»ì1mo]ìXŧb**T$œgLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóeZË2+k,%iZ',ÑkÌSkZŠZg}Æbh4èGE~ŠWzg

¦VÆ�g\',ÑkÐåXeZË™r#Å„zà m ,Æâ´¸XQy»

Z6,sDm4102Y C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔ __________________________________________ 21

» §bâ ZzgZˆ‚]Ñzq„Ð].]I¸X6,zWæW\Æ!*g}~˜÷:LLl)r¢zg~ìZkaāt].h+÷á²~Åmfƒð0+~ÅZq-ŸiØìXZk»z�ŠZq-Zz[»zìX2+k,%iZ',ÑkÌZyZz!ÄZY~Ð÷ÔÎ˸x

W\»Ä~ù·ì�W\Å §bâ 33332222 ÆZŠ[~§bâeZ%»õq݃@*ìóói0+Ï~¾[åXZkÄ~ù´ÐZyÅÄJ-g‚ðZzggzâ+M»Ø¸ìXZkgzâ+MZzg].]I~ÅãCŠ~zzeZË™r#Åf!ExÐ÷~ŠpZzgf!ÄZY{mîg6,zgeizgBÔµ54øGHZzghÅÂ1V»_·åXW\i0+ÏÆZ’ZðŠzg~MYQ~ДgsƒñZzg@*§]ZyЯmg;XZkaZ#MQ~äLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóÅãCŠg¿ÂeZË™r#ƒÐúc*VZzg77¸X

eZË™r#ä6JéZ~ÄŧbâeZàZzgQyÅŠHgzâã¸Väâ�ZâVÆgD**]Ã].h+e$ÐWÙHXŠgzfsTg~ZyÅZq-\g~ÄLLg3zZŠ~óóÐZ½kìÔ�z{÷áh+6JéZŧsZ÷ág{™Æ˜÷:

Q¬ÆZk0*gë÷Zq-g3zZŠ~ìz;VgdV²;hé XgzVÆŠZð~Îð÷

‰VÅ&À;54è EYXGG6,egÎWzZg{ƒC÷z;VoïÅ3,xgzjV~gT÷z;VW[gzZV~!h43ðGGVÆg³Ô÷z;VìZq-Š*ñF,ßWtKgzV~z;V„ƒ@*ìÔ+Ñ!iZgzV~

¯~e0+Å™3z;VgZ]ÃWC÷z;V6,c*V›Å}.ZÆŒÇC÷

8jè NEzG!*맙D÷ )gW[ˆ¦/g~ß.»f™í™D÷

31 _______________ „yЬß/6JéZ~ZgŠzZŠ[ZzgÄz÷á²~ÅF,zó:Zq-Y,{

z;VÆg�zZßVÃkH{™**7W@*f?z$45åGEEw_.!*]Ðeg**7W@*z;VZI›Ã:Ãð**xŠO@*ìz;VZI›6,:Ãð—™@*ì

›™äzZßVÃz;VgÎZ7™D›™äzZßV»z;Vle7™DëZÒÎ!÷ßW™}^Š,

%~YVZ}%}pZ1VÅ^z÷^Š,44442222 Q¬ÆQk0*gë÷Zug3zZŠ~ì

6JéZ~SkZŠ!ZŠZg}ƪxƈß"ÆÄZYzZŠ!*YZkZŠZg}Æ6,_Ò¦ƒ**Ñzqƒ‰ZzgÄzZŠ[Ã].h+èo6,Z2Zg™**ÑzqHXtŠzgig&U*"$ƒZZzg7åEO]Å·g,Ñ@*Š3ðŠc*ÔZzgŒVЄZŠ[~F,¹IZ:gD**]»W¸iƒZÔ6,ZãŠgzVÅOñ5ZŠZgÃ�Ûzr5XZkZŠZg}Æik,ZÈxZŠ!Z½¬]ƒäÑÔ˜VÄÔegZóÔZYäZzg£á7GYDÔZk§bZŠ[~5Îa

āWgZY c »ZˆkQ½ZXâWñiÄZYzZŠ!*YÅ/F,šM̃äÐXZkZŠZg}äFMVä(,~à]ZzgŠzZxqÝHZzgZyx²zV~7,ñ‰ x²zV»ZZŠHÔ

Ä',ÎVJ-‚¥Æ›wzŠârä/âDgìZzgZq-iâäJ-QyÅÍô‹ðŠîg„XZkZŠZg}»¾wtåāZkäŠ*Z0+ZiÃps™Æ§k÷á²~ÅãCŠeZàZzg

Äz÷á²~~ZkZŠZg}ä�gdVaZHz{CÙ 55552222 -VÄZYÃWiZŠZŠ!âjwxWc*XÒpÐ!hÐêO÷X1‚B‚BZkä�6,SàÂzŠ~ZzgZ+@ÂZ**ðaZÅTÅ$+zªZ+&]©¬x6,WN�Š*ñÄzZŠ[~ÑizZw÷á‚gÆîg6,ZKZÌU*"$™_ìÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóÆZgZWä�~�»g;ñúc*VZ�xŠ�ÔZkЬ

ËŠzu}ZŠ!ZŠZg}ÃtZ³Zi‚:ƒeÔ�LLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóÃq݃ðXZkZŠZg}

Z6,sDm4102Y C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔ __________________________________________ 41

ÐÝZI¯äZY:ZzgegZ)~Ì**xaZHXZY:ógzV~Z§ZâgMðÔpZz†Z"ÔÒQz~ÔÔZ.ðÔZâgMðÔ¦Igu@¬bÔÃgrgg~Ô¦15ãZzg2+k,%iZ',ÑkÆZYâVä»°à]qÝÅXZk§begZ)ógzV~¦1

66662222 5ãZzg{§çâ~ä{àà]0*ðX@*g]`ÃÐ6JéZ~QgŠzi!*yzZŠ[ÅF,¹zF,zóÅgëgËÌ

ßg]~ËŠzu}êc*ß"ÐÁ7g„XÉÓxZ0sZŠ[6,¹¼–ŠHZzg–Yg;ìXtŸ}gÂ7ÉŠyŠztgZ]atF,¹™@*ƒZŠ3ðŠêìXZk

Ãðµ7ā6JéZÆZŠ!*zÄZYäQgŠzZŠ[ÅF,¹zF,zóZzg"z@*;~ ~÷·}.â]uZ�xŠ~÷XèÃg{!*ÑZ½‚]ÐzZãƒ@*ìāß/6JéZZŠ[ÆyZy~Ñzq„Ðúc*VZzg77ìXZk¸i}ä˜V_ZŠ[ÔÄz÷á²~~**x¾c*Ôz;V6,QgŠzZŠ[zi!*y~Ì»°'g]qÝÅX

jZ!Y]uuÅZŠ!}.â]!ózW~Y,{óóÔ)Tó£!Z*…QgŠzÔ´) ¦ZZº÷á{ÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔ 1D

ZDwZz6-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠÔ69D5991YÔm4XÔ¢ÎxÔ*„D}.ZŠZŠÔ?zgÔ5591YÔm131X ZŠÒ]uu Ãgqgg~Ô 2D

Zsð»Ò?zg»_5ëEYLãCŠ™ñZŠ{Ô†Zéxäg3XZkZŠZg}ÅdzZŠ!}.â]ÃËßg] 3D~�ÛZñl7HYYXt»ÒTiâä~‡ìƒZ6JéZÅ(qªŠ¤/ÍVƒäÆ‚B‚BßÍV~(Åg»ÌhZyåXpgCgCZk»ÒäZkhZy6,‡10*c*Zzg

ŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ! LL çÑ}~µp~Ñä~ZCã~™ŠZgZŠZHXfZ!¦ZZº÷á{Ô}.â]óóÔm21X

Ô¢31ÔÑg{02ÔZÆ',3591YÔm12X âx)i0+Ï úŠZdÓÔLL?zgÅZŠ!•óóÔ 4DÔ8491Y~©¬x6,WˆXZkÆæk,Zdzik,·œ&¸ZzgF',ÎVJ-÷áù àk, 8gzi{Ô 5D

ƒ@*g;XfZ!¦ZZº÷á{ÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ!}.â]óóÔm31X6JéZÐ�Šzu}g‚bzZZ+÷áùƒDg÷Qy~Šg`fs‡.Þf™÷X8gzi{ 6D

%ŠZyÔâx) ¥ ?zgÔâx) W`À ?zgÔ8gzi{ ú ?zgÔâx) Z$t ?zgÔâx) !*&ëEYLwxÃ;^Ô8 x Šh+zg ´VÔMâx) 0*uŠZð ?zgÔâx) ÷áŠZ[ ?zgÔGg{gzi{ZŠ!6,p Zd

51 ________________ „yЬß/6JéZ~ZgŠzZŠ[ZzgÄz÷á²~ÅF,zó:Zq-Y,{

ZPMW!*ŠÔ /g CÙ~7gÔ8gzi{ â�ZÈuu ek,{Z�³{yÔ8gzi{ \xâ ´VÔ hwâ gzi{CÙ~7gÔ8gzi{ �xuu ?zgÔ8gzi{ WiZŠ~ ZPMW!*ŠÔ�gzi{ † ?zgÔ8gzi{ F,)Èuu%ŠZyÔ8gzi{ gÚ ?zgÔ8gzi{ ¤xŠ* Ô8gzi{ Zšr?zg %ŠZyÔ8gzi{ ªŠ]

!*&ëEYLwx ?zgÔgzi**) uu %ŠZyÔgzi**) âZñI ?zgÔ8gzi{ \x¿ ?zgÔ8gzi{ Zßu]ZsÔmm41D31X Ô ?zg Z

ÄA.š3ï EGG ?zgÔ F,)ÈZjã ?zgÔ øgZ0*Îy ?zgÔ Z*b ?zgÔÔ4),xDz®ZsxW!*ŠÔ4991YÔm84X É‹ {§çâ~ÔLLZŠ!Z�Zzgß/uuóóÔ 7D

ZsÔm55X 8DÔm08X ZŠÒ]uu Ãgqgg~Ô 9D

LL),xKóó~ˆ~÷áïƒäzZßV~Šgzfs**x‡.Þ*ö÷Xš~{ØVÔì÷á{¼Ô 01D‡è·/,YÔ¦MYQ~Ô‡Zuu~ÔÆZZÆZÔ·Z÷á{ÔÓrm,~ÔZâ-$ZZâ-$Ô¦èZi~Ô**ÜZ{yÔuŠZg†Z°[¼ÔgŸZãÔfZ!¦ZºZ÷á{ÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ!}.â]óóÔm13X{§çâ~ÔLLZŠ!Z�Zzgß/uuóóÔm65X 11D¦ZºZ÷á{ÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ!}.â]óóÔmm43D33X 21D

Ôm18X ZŠÒ]uu Ãgqgg~Ô 31D¦ZºZ÷á{ÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ!}.â]óóÔmm53D43X 41D{§çâ~ÔLLZŠ!Z�Zzgß/uuóóÔm75X 51D¦ZºZ÷á{ÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ!}.â]óóÔmm63D53X 61D{§çâ~ÔLLZŠ!Z�Zzgß/uuóóÔm85X 71DLL),xZ°góóÆx²zVÅzzà]ïYßO~»**x**òåXMVäZk),xÅgzÞ~ZŸ† 81D

Gg3XfZ!¦ZºZ÷á{ÔLLŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ!}.â]óóÔmm04D93XZsÔmm24D14X 91D

Ô0*Îy',Ze»«»g7gc™ZcÔÑg{22Ô¢03ÔâÞ5791YX W} âx) 02DLLŠZ],{ZŠÔóóÆ>ä»[¦Áe$Z÷á{LLMQ~óóÃœ§LLŠZ],{óóZzg»[¦Igu@ 12D¬bÃ**T$œg²»[¦Ñp@÷á™LL÷á™�ZŠ~óó»[†Z"¯Ô»[aúŠ

›Ô»[qƒ†Z°ægZ”Zzg»[·ZâgZ§MðÃ>¬nÆZgZWÆîg6,É™1X²**òZzg�Zœ!*nKM»[†ZߊzŠ‡Zzg»[uŠZgÝxÑ{yŠgZãÉŒÛZg0*ñXfZ!¦ZºZ÷á{LLŠZ],{ZŠÔuuÅZŠ!}.â]óómm74D54XZsÔmm05D84X 22DZsÔm15X 32DZsÔmm89D79X 42DZsÔmm25D15X 52DZsÔmm65D55X 62D

Z6,sDm4102Y C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔ __________________________________________ 61