Top Banner
Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms
19

Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Jan 02, 2016

Download

Documents

Lillian Davis
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms

Page 2: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering

Plants (Angiosperms)

• Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones (conifers such as pines and spruces)

• Angiosperms – bear seeds within a layer of protective tissue (grasses, trees, flowers)

Page 3: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Comparing Features of Seed PlantsComparing Features of Seed Plants

Feature

Seeds

Reproduction

Examples

Feature

Seeds

Reproduction

Examples

Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Bear their seeds on cones

Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination

Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes

Bear their seeds within flowers

Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination

Grasses, flowering trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cultivated flowers

Page 4: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Seeds• Seed plants can live just about anywhere due to the seeds• A seed is an embryo of a plant encased in a protective covering

surrounded by food• Seed coat protects embryo and prevents the seed from drying out

Seed coat

Embryo

Storedfood supply

Seed

Wing

A

B

Page 5: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Seed Dispersal

• Seed dispersal is varied– Some seeds stick to fur/hair/clothing– Some seeds have “wings” for “flying” in the wind or floating on

water– Other seeds are surrounded by fruit (ovary of the plant) to help

the seed to be eaten and ultimately dispersed somewhere else

Page 6: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Gymnosperm (“naked seed”)

• Reproduce with seeds that are exposed

• No flowers and are pollinated by wind or water

• Typically produce cones

• Include cycads (palm-like plants), ginkgo, conifers (pines, spruce, cedar trees)

Page 7: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Examples of Gymnosperms

Page 8: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Angiosperms (“enclosed seed”)

• Flowering plants – vast majority of plants reproduce with flowers

• Flowers attract pollinators that transport pollen from flower to flower– Colorful and fragrant flowers are pollinated by animals

• Flowers are reproductive organs that contain ovaries which surround and protect the seeds

• After pollination, the ovary develops into a fruit– Seeds inside the fruit are dispersed by the animals

that eat them

Page 9: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

The Structure of a Flower

FilamentAnther

StigmaStyle

Ovary

Carpel

PetalSepal

Ovule

Stamen

Page 10: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Apple Fruit Development

Page 11: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Comparing Wind-pollinated and Animal-pollinated PlantsComparing Wind-pollinated and Animal-pollinated Plants

Characteristics

Pollination method

Relative efficiency of pollination method

Plant types

Reproductive organs

Adaptations that promote pollination

Characteristics

Pollination method

Relative efficiency of pollination method

Plant types

Reproductive organs

Adaptations that promote pollination

Wind-pollinatedPlants

Wind pollination

Less efficient

Mostly gymnosperms and some angiosperms

Cones

Pollination drop

Wind-pollinatedPlants

Wind pollination

Less efficient

Mostly gymnosperms and some angiosperms

Cones

Pollination drop

Animal-pollinated Plants

Vector pollination

More efficient

Angiosperms

Flowers

Bright colors, sweet nectar

Animal-pollinated Plants

Vector pollination

More efficient

Angiosperms

Flowers

Bright colors, sweet nectar

Page 12: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Diversity of Angiosperms

• Many different categories– Monocots and dicots– Woody and herbaceous– Annuals, biennials, and perennials

• Some categories can overlap

Page 13: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Monocots vs. Dicots

– Monocots - one seed leaf (cotyledon)• Parallel veins, flower parts in multiples of three,

fibrous roots

• Ex. Corn, wheat, lilies, orchids, palms

Page 14: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Monocots vs. Dicots (continued)

– Dicots – two seed leaves• Branched veins, flower parts in multiples of four or

five, taproot• Ex. Daisies, clover, oak trees, tomatoes, roses

Page 15: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Monocots vs. DicotsMonocots Dicots

Seeds

Leaves

Flowers

Stems

Roots

Single cotyledon

Parallel veins

Floral parts often in multiples of 3

Vascularbundlesscattered throughout stem

Fibrous roots

Two cotyledons

Branched veins

Floral parts often in multiplesof 4 or 5

Vascularbundlesarranged ina ring

Taproot

Page 16: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

that

in

have

that

have

SeedGermination

Remains withthe seed

Emergeabove ground

Remainbelow ground

Monocots Dicots

1 Cotyledon 2 Cotyledons

Monocots vs. Dicots

Page 17: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Monocots vs. Dicots

Page 18: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Woody vs. Herbaceous

– Woody – strong stems like those of trees, shrubs, and vines

– Herbaceous – non-woody stems such as those of dandelions and sunflowers

Page 19: Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms. Exposed Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) vs. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Gymnosperms – bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones.

Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials

– Annuals – complete their life cycle in one year (many summer garden plants)

– Biennials – complete their life cycle in two years (some summer garden plants)

– Perennials – live for more than two years (shrubs, trees, grass, etc.)