Gwatkin. Selections from early writers illustrative of church history to the time of Constantine. 1897.

8/4/2019 Gwatkin. Selections from early writers illustrative of church history to the time of Constantine. 1897.

1/224


2/224

Bequeathed toSt. Mary s College

LibraryVery rev. M. E. James1898-1958


3/224


4/224

v\.

OHN M. KELLY LIBRARY

Donated byThe Redemptorists ofthe Toronto Province

from the Library Collection ofHoly Redeemer College, Windsor

University ofSt. Michael s College, Toronto


5/224

HOLY REDEEMER LIBJMffV.

SELECTIONS

EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS


6/224


7/224

SELECTIONSFROM

EARLY WRITERSILLUSTRATIVE OF

CHURCH HISTORYTO THE TIME OF CONSTANTINE

BY

HENRY MELVILL GWATKIN, M.A.DIXIE PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGEHON. D.D., EDINBURGH

EonDonMACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

1897

HOLY REDEEMER


8/224

FIRST EDITION, 1893Reprinted with additions and corrections , 1897


9/224

PREFACEIT is hoped that the present volume will be found

within its limits a fairly representative selection oforiginal documents for the use of students. Attentionhas been directed, not only to the general course ofevents, but to the history of the New Testament Canon,and to the personal opinions of conspicuous writers.It has been thought best to give a translation for thebenefit of such as are but mean scholars, and in thissecond edition a few introductory notes are given.My best thanks are due to the Trustees of theLightfoot Fund, to Mr. Parker, of Oxford, and toMessrs. T. and T. Clark, of Edinburgh, for the use oftranslations mentioned below x ; also to Dr. Zahn, ofErlangen, for the Latin text of the Canon Muratorianus,and to Professor Robinson for the Greek text of certainpassages of Origen 2 , for certain translations, and formuch help in many directions.

1 Translations marked L. are due to Lightfoot s Apostolic Fathers ; R. toProfessor Robinson ; N.L. to the -Library of Nicene and Post-A iceneFathers; A.N.L. to the Ante-Nicene Christian Library.

2 These are numbered XLVIII, XLIX, LI a, Li, LII.

July, 1897.


10/224


11/224

CONTENTSPAGE

1. THE NERONIAN PERSECUTION ..... Tacitus a2. OPENINGOF CLEMENT S LETTER TO THE CORINTHIANS Clement ofRome 23. THE NERONIAN PERSECUTION . . . do. 44. ARRANGEMENTS SETTLED BY THE APOSTLES do. 64. THE PERSECUTION OF DOMITIAN . . . Dio Cassius 105. IGNATIUS ON EPISCOPACY Ignatius 126. IGNATIUS ON DOCETISM do. is7. THE CHRISTIANS IN THE WORLD . . Ep. ad Diognetum 128. CHURCH ORDER OF THE DIDACH .... Didache 189. PLINY S CORRESPONDENCE WITH TRAJAN . . . Pliny 26

10. THE NERONIAN PERSECUTION ..... Eusebius 3011. OF THE CANONICAL EPISTLES ..... do. 3212. OF THE CANON OF THE NEW TESTAMENT . . . do. 3413. PAPIAS do. 3814. QUADRATUS ON OUR LORD S MlRACLES . . do. 44140. THE APOLOGY OF ARISTIDES . . . Vita Barlaam 4415. HEATHENISM THE WORK OF DEMONS .... Justin 4616. CHRISTIANITY BEFORE CHRIST ..... do. 4817. CHRISTIAN WORSHIP do. 5018. THE JEWISH INTERPRETATION OF ISA. VH. 14 . . do. 5619. THE CHRISTIAN INTERPRETATION OF VARIOUS PASSAGES do. 56iga. THE ENCRATITES Eusebius 5820. LETTER OF DIONYSIUS OF CORINTH TO THE ROMANS do. 60si. THE PERSECUTION AT LYONS AND VIENNE . do. 62


12/224

viii Contents.PAGE

33. FRAGMENT OF MURATORI ON THE CANON ... 8223. ORIGIN OF THE GOSPELS Eusebius 8824. MONTANISM Hippolytus 9025. LETTER OF IRENAEUS TO FLORINUS .... Eusebius 9226. LETTER OF POLYCRATES TO VICTOR .... do. 9427. MARCION Irenaeus 9628. THE ARGUMENT OF IRENAEUS FROM TRADITION . do. 9829. A TRADITION OF THE ELDERS do. 10430. PHILOSOPHY A PREPARATION FOR THE GOSPEL Clement ofAl. 10631. THE TRUE GNOSTIC ...... do. 10632. FAITH AND KNOWLEDGE ..... do. 10833. MISUSE OF SCRIPTURE BY HERETICS . . do. 10834. BAD EMPERORS THE ONLY PERSECUTORS . . Tertnllian no35. TESTIMONY OF THE SOUL . . . . do. 11236. CHRISTIANS NOT DISLOYAL do. 11437. NUMBERS OF THE CHRISTIANS . . . . do. 11438. CHRISTIAN WORSHIP ...... do. 11638a. NON-SCRIPTURAL CUSTOMS .... do. 11839. PHILOSOPHY THE MOTHER OF HEKESY . . do. 11840. THE ARGUMENT OF TERTULLIAN FROM TRADITION do. 12041. DISORDERLY WORSHIP OF HERETICS ... do. 12242. THE ROMAN BISHOP S EDICT .... do. 12443. INCONVENIENCES or A MIXED MARRIAGE . . do. 12444. THE MISDEEDS OF PRAXEAS .... do. 12645. INFANT BAPTISM do. 12846. MISDEEDS OF CALLISTUS . . . . . Hippolytus 12847. ORIGEN S CONCEPTION OF EDUCATION . . . Eusebius 13048. THE LETTER AND THE SPIRIT Origen 13249. THE ARGUMENT FROM OUR LORD S MIRACLES . . do. 13250. CELSUS ON THE LORD S RESURRECTION ... do. 13451. THE GOSPEL NOT SPECIALLY ADDRESSED TO FOOLS . do. 1345Irt. THE TRUE GROUND OF OLD TESTAMENT INSPIRATION. do. 1365l6. THE PARABOLIC ELEMENT IN SCRIPTURE NARRATIVES do. 13852. THE METHOD OF GOD S DEALING WITH SINNERS . do. 140


13/224


14/224


15/224

INTRODUCTORY NOTES.CORNELIUS TACITUS (b. dr. 54) reached the consulship 97, wrote

his Annalcs dr. 115, and died a few years later.Extract I gives a heathen view of the Neronian persecution.The standpoint is that of a Roman aristocrat, to whom the Chris

tians are detestable enough, but who is too intent on blackeningNero to go far out of his way for them.Clement of Rome may have been a freedman of the T. Flavius

Clemens consul 95, and put to death by his cousin Domitian. Hewrote the letter of the Church of Rome to the Church of Corinth(95 or 96) His so-called Second Epistle is a sermon preachedperhaps at Corinth about half a century later.

Extract II is the opening of the letter, with its picture of theCorinthian Church in its past prosperity. In Extract III is a Christian view of the Neronian persecution, and it records the executionof the two great apostles. Extract IV recites that the apostles madearrangements for the orderly government of the Churches, so thatthe Corinthians have done wrong in turning blameless presbytersout of office.

Cassius Dio Cocceianus (b. 155: governed several provinces:second consulship 229) wrote a history of Rome to his own time ineighty books, of which the last twenty or so are preserved chieflyin the Epitome of Joannes Xiphilinus, a Byzantine writer of theeleventh century.

Extract IVa is our fullest account of Domitian s persecution. Itis certain from the evidence of the catacombs that Domitilla wasa Christian : and there cannot be very much doubt of the consulsGlabrio and Clement (91 and 95).


16/224

Xll Introductory Notes.Ignatius of Antioch was given to the beasts by Trajan (98-117),

but we cannot fix the date more nearly. The seven letters whichseem proved genuine were written from Smyrna and Troas on hisway to the amphitheatre at Rome.

Extracts V and VI represent two of his most prominent topics.In Extract V we see the stress he lays on the bishop s office, inExtract VI his earnest assertion of the reality of our Lord shumanity. It also glances at a third his overwrought desire formartyrdom.The Letter to Diognetus is by an unknown writer, perhaps 130-

150. It is the most striking of Christian pamphlets before the deIncarnatione of Athanasius ; and its powerful language is a strongcontrast to the plainer style of Aristides and Justin.

Extract VII begins with his famous picture of Christian life, thenpoints to its contrast with heathenism, and ends with a difficultpassage where that contrast is appealed to in proof of Christianity.The Didacht or Teaching of the Apostles (published in 1883 by

Bishop Bryennius) is also the work of an unknown writer. Itsdate is uncertain ; possibly even in the first century : its place also ;possibly the mountains of Peraea. It represents a very early stageof Church government, before the rise of (monarchical) episcopacy.

Extract VIII gives an account of Baptism (earliest mention ofaffusion : peculiar form of the Lord s Prayer) and of the Lord sSupper (still in the evening). Then come stringent regulations forapostles and prophets (not to stay too long, or to ask for money,or to eat of a special agape : yet not to be tried presumptuously)and for travelling Christians. A prophet desiring to settle down isworthy of his meat. Then directions for Sunday worship (confessionbefore Lord s Supper), and finally instructions to appoint worthymen as bishops and deacons.

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113) reached the consulship100, and in the year in was sent by Trajan on a special mission toset in order the cities of Bithynia.

Extract IX shows his hesitation in dealing with the Christians.Obstinate offenders, of course, he puts to death : but what was to bedone with those who renounced their offence, or had long ago given


17/224

Introductory Notes. xiiiit up? Was it good policy to use indiscriminate severity? Trajananswers that convicted offenders must be punished, though theyare not to be searched for, and that all suspected persons whorenounce Christianity are to be set free.

Papias, bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia (dr. 130), is chiefly knownto us from the chapter of Eusebius here given. It will be notedthat Eusebius dislikes him for hrs Millenarianism, and probablydoes him less than justice.

Extract XIII begins with a statement of Irenaeus, that Papiaswas a disciple of St. John. Against this Eusebius quotes Papiaspreface, in which he seems to distinguish his own informant, theelder John, from the Evangelist. After mentioning sundry marvellous stories, he gives the words of Papias about our two firstGospels. It will be noted (interpreted, not interprets) that theHebrew Matthew was out of use in his time. Last of all comes thestory of the woman taken in adultery, which may (Ewald) havebeen the tradition told by Papias in illustration of John viii. 15.Quadratus was one of the earliest Apologists, if he addressed his

work to the Emperor Hadrian (117-138), as Eusebius states.Extract XIV is the only fragment of it which remains. He seems

to be contrasting the lasting results of our Lord s miracles with thepassing effects produced by the magicians.

Aristides, the philosopher of Athens, is also said by Eusebius tohave presented his Apology to Hadrian. The work was lost : butwhen a Syriac translation was discovered (disc, and ed. by Mr.RendelHarris, 1891), its inscription pointed to Antoninus Pius (138-161).The Greek in an adapted form was recognized by Professor Robinsonin the Life of Barlaam andJoasaph, which (as originally pointedout by Prof. Max M tiller) is itself a Christian adaptation of a Buddhistromance. Found in the works of John of Damascus (dr. 730).

Extract XlVa is a simple account of Christian life, which shouldbe compared with that of the writer to Diognetus.

Justin, the philosopher and martyr (b. dr. 100 at Flavia Neapolis,the ancient Shechem), owed his conversion to an old man he meton the seashore, perhaps at Ephesus. He continued to wear thephilosopher s cloak, and taught as a philosopher at Rome, where


18/224

xiv Introductory Notes.he was put to death (163-167). The date of his First Apology isa difficult question ; but the doubt seems to lie between 138 anddr. 150. Of his Dialogue with Trypho,&\\ that can be said is thatit was written later.

Extracts XV-XVII are from the First Apology. In Extracts XVand XVI we see his view of heathenism, that though its errors andpersecutions are the work of demons, Christ the Reason is still theteacher even of heathens, as many as were willing to live with reason,like Socrates and others. They should be compared with Clement(Extract XXX) and contrasted with Tertullian (Extract XXXIX).The interest of Extract XVII is in the full account given of Baptism,of the Lord s Supper, and of the Sunday morning service as it washeld at Rome in his time. The allusion to Gospels will be noted ;also the parallel with the DidacM (Extract VIII).

Extracts XVIII and XIX, from the Dialogue with Trypho,a.rzdiscussions of some of the chief Messianic prophecies which usedto be quoted against the Jews.

Dionysius was bishop of Corinth about 170. Eusebius gives usa general account of his numerous letters, and quotes the twopassages here selected.

Extract XX is from his answer to Soter, bishop of Rome, andgives an interesting testimony to the early influence of the Church(not the bishop) of Rome, to the liturgical use of the Epistle ofClement, and to the corruption by some of Scriptures whichDionysius plainly counts canonical. Extract X may be from thesame letter, and is the earliest direct assertion of Peter s visit toRome. That of Caius, just before it, seems to be rather later.

The Letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne gives an accountof the persecution in Gaul in the days of Marcus Aurelius (177).Its simple words are best left to speak for themselves.

Attention may be called to a few points, (i) Intercourse betweenthe Rhone district and the East : frequency of Greek names.(2) Persecution partly from the mob, partly official, and includes thesearching forbidden (Extract IX) by Trajan. (3) Blandina, a slave-girlone of Clement s TraiSiWm (Extract III).


19/224

Introductory Notes. xvThe Fragment on the Canon published by Muratori in 1740 iscommonly ascribed to a younger contemporary of Pius of Rome,so that its date will be dr. 170. It was written in Greek, and atRome, and may be as late as 200 or even later.It is given complete in Extract XXII, so that its fragmentarycharacter will easily be seen, especially near the end.Irenaeus (b. in Asia 120-130) was a disciple of Polycarp and ofothers who had seen St. John. He settled for some time in Rome,and finally succeeded Pothinus as bishop of Lyons in 177. His

great work against the Gnostics was written in the next decade.The original is in great part lost ; but we have it complete in an oldLatin translation.Extract XIX a (chiefly from Irenaeus) gives his account of the

Encratites, and of Tatian in particular. Extract XXIII sums uphis account of the origin of the Gospels, and gives his view of theApocalypse (Domitianic date) and of some uncanonical books.Extract XXV is a fragment of a letter to his old friend Florinus,who had taken up Gnostic opinions, and in it he tells us of histeacher Polycarp. Extract XXVII is his account of Marcion : theGreek is partly preserved by Eusebius, H.E. iv. n. Extract XXVIIIgives his argument from Tradition, which must be carefully distinguished from Tertullian s. It speaks also of the pre-eminenceof the Roman Church, and gives a further account of Polycarp.Extract XXIX is a tradition of the Elders, which probably comesfrom the Commentary of Papias.

Polycrates of Ephesus is hardly known to us except from thisExtract XXVI, which is his answer to Victor of Rome dr. 196.He defends his Quartodeciman Easter by the example of St. John,and of the apostle Philip (compare Extract XIII).Titus Flavius Clemens (b. dr. 150) studied philosophy under

sundry teachers before he came to rest in Christianity. He succeeded Pantaenus as head of the catechetical school at Alexandria,but left the city (dr. 202) during the persecution of Severus. Wefind him some years later in Cilicia or Cappadocia ; and he seemsto have been dead dr. 216.

Extract XXX gives his view of the double preparation of the


20/224

xvi Introductory Notes.world for Christ the Jews by the law, the Gentiles by philosophy.Extracts XXXI and XXXII show his relation to the Gnostics, andhis conception of the ideal Christian character. Extract XXXIIIopens out the whole question of the mode of interpreting Scripture,which the school of Alexandria did so much to clear up.

Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (b. dr. 155 at Carthage)was the son of a centurion, and practised as a lawyer. He wasconverted to Christianity before 197, and became presbyter atCarthage. Between 202 and 207 he joined the Montanists, anddied as one of them dr. 225.

Extracts XXXIV-XXXVIII are taken from his Apology.Extract XXXIV is a review of the persecutions, coloured by Christian unwillingness to believe that good emperors really did persecute.Extract XXXV is the rough sketch of his treatise de Testimonioanimae naturaliter Christianae the proof of Christianity fromits correspondence with the nature of man. In Extract XXXVI(compare Extract XXXVIII) the empire is presented as the restraining power which delays the end of the world. ExtractXXXVII is his famous boast of the numbers of the Christians;which, however, he gives not as a proof of Christianity ; only asa reason for toleration. Extract XXXVIII is a general account ofthe Christian assemblies like Justin s (Extract XVII), but speciallycontrasts them with the disorderly heathen clubs. ExtractXXXVI II a shows us the development of the ceremonial of Baptismsince Justin s time ; the Lord s Supper (now in the morning andcalled sacramentuni) upon occasion including a commemoration ofthe dead, and of martyrs on the day of their passion ( birth ).Prayer standing on Sundays and after Easter (as Canon 3 ofNicaea, Extract LXXIII). Care of common food, not the elements,and constant sign of the cross.The next three Extracts (XXXIX-XLI) are from his mostplausible and most mischievous book (Hort) de Praescriptionibiis.Extract XXXIX is to show that heretics deal with philosophicalquestions and borrow the answers of the philosophers. In ExtractXL we have his argument from Tradition. As we cannot confuteheretics by Scripture, we refuse to meet them on that ground, and


21/224

Introductory Notes. xviisimply answer that Churches once founded by the apostles mustnecessarily be still the possessors of the truth an argument asgood for Leo XIII as it ever was for Pope Victor. Extract XLI isa satirical account of the disorderly worship of heretics, probablyMarcionites.Extract XLII comments on the edict (as if he were a magis

trate) of Callistus (note ironical titles) which offered pardon (onpenance) to some gross offenders, and (according to Montanists)made the Church a partaker of their sin. Extract XLI 1 1 is a vividpicture of the difficulties of Christian life in heathen society.Extract XLIV is another Montanist complaint, that Praxeas wasnot only unsound in the faith, but had persuaded the bishop ofRome (Victor or Zephyrinus) to revoke his sanction of Montanistprophecy. In Extract XLV Tertullian gives his objections toinfant Baptism prudential objections, for he has no idea of anyapostolic command on the other side.

Hippolytus was a disciple of Irenaeus, and a bishop of whatcity, Eusebius did not know. According to some, he was bishop ofPortus or of the foreigners in Portus ; but more likely he claimedto be bishop of Rome in opposition to Callistus. In 235 he wasexiled to Sardinia, and seems to have died there. Book I of hisgreat work Against all Heresies was ascribed to Origen, till thediscovery in 1842 of Books IV-X in a MS. on Mount Athos.

Extract XXIV gives his account of the Montanists and their prophetesses. Extract XLVI is a difficult passage, but its chief burdenis the change made by Callistus in Church law, by recognizingunequal marriages which the State did not.

Origenes Adamantius (b. 185 or 186) was the son of Christianparents at Alexandria. His father Leonides was put to death in thepersecution of Severus (202), and Origen soon afterwards (aged 18)succeeded Clement as head of the catechetical school. There helaboured with splendid success for nearly thirty years, till his ordination (231) in Palestine (with other causes) gave offence to Demetriusof Alexandria. Origen betook himself to Caesarea, and labouredthere. He was tortured in the Decian persecution, and died of theeffects dr. 254.

b


22/224

xviii Introductory Notes.Extract XLVII (from Eusebius) shows Origan s wide conception

of a liberal education. Extract XLVII I gives some idea of hisprinciple of interpretation, that every passage of Scripture has aspiritual meaning, commonly more important than the literal ; andin Extract LI 1 1 we have the answer of Porphyry from the heathenside, that allegorical interpretations are a mere subterfuge. ExtractsXLIX-LI are taken from Origen s answer to Celsus. In ExtractXLIX the heathen replies to our Lord s miracles, that they weredone by magic ; and indeed the mediums and spiritualists of thistime were as skilful as our own. In Extract L Celsus disputes theevidence of our Lord s resurrection quite in the style of Renan orSupernatural Religion. In Extract LI comes Origen s answer tothe charge that the Gospel is only meant for fools. Extracts LI aand Lib are intended to show the modern character of Origen sopinions on the inspiration and interpretation of Scripture. ExtractLII is given as a sample of Origen s width of view and tendencyto Universalism. In Extract LIV we have his conclusions on theauthorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews.

Extract LIVa is one of the certificates given to Christians whosacrificed in the Decian persecution. It shows how systematic theprocedure was.

Dionysius of Alexandria was a disciple of Origen. He succeededHeracles in 232 as head of the catechetical school, and again (247-8)as bishop. He went into hiding, like Cyprian, in the persecution ofDecius (249-251), but in that of Valerian (257) escaped with exile.He returned (260) under Gallienus, and died in 265. We have onlyfragments of his works, mostly preserved by Eusebius.

Extract LV is intended to give a general view of the controversywith Novatian. In Extract LXIII his discussion of the authorshipof the Apocalypse is a piece of criticism unsurpassed in ancient times.

Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus, b. dr. 200 ; teacher of rhetoric inCarthage ; converted by presbyter Caecilius ; very soon bishop ofCarthage (dr. 248) ; went into hiding during the Decian persecution (249-251) ; executed in that of Valerian (258).

Extract LVI states Cyprian s theory of the Church, and hisdoctrine that there is no salvation outside it. Extract LVI I gives his


23/224

Introductory Notes. xixposition against Novatus and against the confessors who misusedtheir power of intercession for offenders. Extract LVIII shows themethod of appointing bishops, and glances at his parallel of theChristian ministry with the Jewish priesthood. In Extracts LIXand LX we have his position against Stephen of Rome, that hereticalor schismatical Baptism is worthless. Extract LXI is from Firmilianof Cappadocia, writing to Cyprian against Stephen. He makesshort work of Roman claims. Note one of the first references to2 Peter. Extract LXII is Cyprian s report of Valerian s Edict. Itshould be compared with Diocletian s in Extract LXVI.Arnobius was a teacher of rhetoric at Sicca in Africa, and a

recent convert when he wrote his Advers^^s Nationes, apparentlyduring the persecution of Diocletian, which began in 303.

Extract LXVI I is from his discussion of our Lord s miracles, andmay be taken as a reply to the argument of Celsus (Extract XLIX)that they were works of magic.

L. Caelius Firmianus Lactantius (b. dr. 260 in Africa) was a disciple of Arnobius, and became Professor of Rhetoric at Nicomediadr. 290, but had to lay down his office when the persecution brokeout. He is said to have settled afterwards in Gaul, and becometutor to Constantine s son Crispus.

Extract LXVI 1 1 is from his chief work, the Divinae Institutiones,and gives his criticism of his predecessors, Minucius Felix, Tertul-lian, and Cyprian. The other extracts are taken from his bitterpamphlet de Mortibus Persecutorum. Extract LXIX is a hostile andunfair account of Diocletian s government. Extract LXX is the firstedict of grudging toleration, issued by Galerius from his deathbedin the spring of 311, while Extract LXXI is part of the moreliberal Edict of Milan, issued by Constantine and Licinius aboutNovember, 312.Eusebius (b. dr. 265) was presbyter and (from soon after 313)bishop of Caesarea in Palestine. The most learned man of his

time. His Ecclesiastical History contains carefully selected quotations from some fifty different authors. At Nicene Council 325 ;wrote his Life of Constantine after the emperor s death in 337, andhimself died 339.


24/224

xx Introductory Notes.We have taken about twenty extracts from Eusebius, ai)d dis

cussed many of them already. There remain :Extracts XI and XII together give us a fair view of the Canonof the New Testament as acknowledged by Eusebius. Herecognizes certain doubts about five Catholic Epistles, and himselfleans against the Apocalypse : otherwise it is the same as our own.In Extract XI it must be noted that Eusebius does not undertaketo tell us of writers who used undisputed books. In Extract XIIthe word spurious refers not so much to the question of authorshipas to that of canonicity.

Extract LXIV is the rescript of Gallienus (260-268) extending toEgypt the toleration he had already established in quieter parts ofthe empire. In Extract LXV is the first application to anemperor to settle a Church dispute Aurelian s test of orthodoxy iscommunion with the bishops of Italy and Rome. Extract LXVIgives the first three edicts of Diocletian. New lines of policy in thedemolition of the Churches and the burnings of the Scriptures :special measures against the clergy since Maximin (235-238).Extract LXXII is the famous story of Constantine s cross, as toldto Eusebius by the emperor himself. The event took place as hewas marching against Maxentius in 312. Extract LXXIV isthe letter ofEusebius to his people at Caesarea, in which he relatesthe proceedings of the Nicene Council, and tells them how heovercame his objections to the Creed. The heterodox passage inbrackets is omitted by Socrates.The Council of Nicaea issued twenty canons, of which ExtractLXXII I contains five in whole or part.Canon 6 (prefaced by a notorious Roman forgery) settles the affairs

of Egypt. Canon 19 orders the rebaptism of the followers of Paul ofSamosata : which the Church of Rome construed as implying thatordinary heretics were not to be baptized. Canon 3 deals with a grossscandal of the time. The interest of Canon 17 and Canon 20 istheir difference from modern ideas. Canon 17 forbids the clergyto lend at interest, and Canon 20 forbids the faithful to kneel inprayer on Sundays or between Easter and Pentecost.


25/224

SELECTIONSFROM

EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS


26/224

Selections from [Tacitus

I.

ERGO abolendo rumori Nero subdidit reos et quaesi-tissimis poenis adfecit, quos per flagitia invisos vulgusChristianos appellabat. Auctor nominis eius ChristusTiberio imperitante per procuratorem Pentium Pilatum

5 supplicio adfectus erat ; repressaque in praesens exitiabilissuperstitio rursum erumpebat, non modo per ludaeam,originem eius mali, sed per urbem etiam, quo cunctaundique atrocia aut pudenda confluunt celebranturque.Igitur primum correpti qui fatebantur, inde indicio eorum

10 multitude ingens baud perinde in crimine incendii quamodio humani generis convicti sunt. Et pereuntibus additaludibria, ut ferarum tergis contecti, laniatu canum interirentaut crucibus adfixi, aut flammandi, atque 1 ubi defecissetdies, in usum nocturni luminis urerentur. Hortos suos

15 ei spectaculo Nero obtulerat et circense ludicrum edebat,habitu aurigae permixtus plebi vel curricuio insistens.Unde quamquam adversus sontes et novissima exemplameritos miseratio oriebatur, tamquam non utilitate publicased in saevitiam unius absumerentur.

TACITUS, Ann, xv. 44.

II.20 Aia ray atyviSiovs KOU 7raAA?/AoL ? ye^o/iet ay 2 rjfj.lv

TreTTOifjaOai irepi rS>v t jnftTovfjLtvwj nap1 adfixi, aut flammandi, atque] adfixi sunt flammandi, utque FranklinArnold. a . . . was A ; ytvo^vas CL ; yivopevas S.


27/224

Ann.xv.44-] Early Christian Writers.

The Neronian Persecution (Tacitus).So to stifle the report, Nero put in his own place as

culprits and punished with every refinement of cruelty themen whom the common people hated for their secretcrimes. They called them Christians. Christ, from whomthe name was given, had been put to death in the reign of 5Tiberius by the procurator Pontius Pilate, and the pestilent superstition checked for awhile. Afterwards itbegan to break out afresh, not only in Judaea, where themischief first arose, but also at Rome, where all sorts ofmurder and filthy shame meet together and become 10fashionable. In the first place then some were seizedand made to confess ; then on their information a vastmultitude was convicted not so much of arson as of hatredfor the human race. And they were not only put todeath, but put to death with insult, in that they were either 15dressed up in the skins of beasts to perish by the worryingof dogs or else put on crosses to be set on fire, and whenthe daylight failed, to be burnt for use as lights by night.Nero had thrown open his gardens for that spectacle, andwas giving a circus exhibition, mingling with the people 20in a jockey s dress, or driving a chariot. Hence commiseration arose, though it was for men of the worstcharacter and deserving of the severest punishment, onthe ground that they were not destroyed for the good ofthe state, but to satisfy the cruelty of an individual. 25

Opening of Clement s Letter to the Corinthians.BY reason of the sudden and repeated calamities and

reverses which are befalling us, brethren, we considerthat we have been somewhat tardy in giving heed to theB 2


28/224

Selections from [ciem.Rom.V, dyaTrrjToi, Trjs re dXXoTpias Kal êV^y roFye/cXe/cror? row eou, /zmpay KCU dvo&iov oTacrea)?, ^ 6X(ya

TrpoacoTTa TrpOTreTrj Kal avOdSrj virdpyjovTa els TOGOVTOVdirovotas egeKavcrav, wore TO o-ep.vov Kal TrcpifiorjTois Kal

5 Trdo-iv dvOptoTrois dgiaydTrrjTOv 6Vo/za v^v /zeyaXcoyfiXao-^rj/jLrjOfjvai. TI$ yap 7rap7ri8rjprj(ras Trpbs v/j.dsTr\v Travdperov Kal fteftaiav vfJL&v TTL(TTLV OVK tSoKifj.ao ei \Tr\v re adxppova Kal eTTieiKfj kv Xpicrrfp eva-tfteiav OVKe6avp.acrev } Kal TO fJLeyaXoTrpeires Trjs (f)i\oevtas vp.$)v10 rjOos OVK eKrjpvgev ; Kal TTJV TeXeiav Kal do-âXfj yv&crivOVK efjiaKdpia-ev , dirpoa-coTroXrjfnrTCtiS yap iravra eTroieiTe,Kal ToTs vofJiL/jLOLS l Tov eov 7ropevo~0e, vnoTaa-aoêvoLTOIS f)yov/jLi>ois vn&v Kal TL^V Tr)i> KaQrjKOvcrav airovk-povTes TOIS nap vûv 7rpeo-(3vTepoi$ veois re fieTpia Kal

15 0-e/j.va vow eTrerpeVere yvvaiîv re kv a//o)/za) Kal crep,vfiKal ayvfi avveLSr)o-ei irdvTa eiriTeXelv Trapr^yyeXXere,o-Tepyovcras KaOrjKovTcos TOVS avSpas eavTcov eV re ra>KavovL Trjs viTOTayfjs virap\ova-as ra Kara TOV OLKOV0-efj.vcos olKovpyelv e^5ao-/cere, irdvv o-axfipovovo-as.

CLEMENS ROMANUS, Ad Cor. i.III.

20 ^4XX iva TO>V dpxaicw viroSeiyfjidTtoveXdcofiev e-rrl TOVS eyyio-Ta yevoêvovs d6\rjTasrry? yeveds r)/î/ ra yevvala vnoSetyfjiaTa. &a {fjXov Kal06vov ol fieyio-TOL Kal StKaioTaroi VTvXoi eSia>xOrjo-av Kalea>s GavdTov rj6Xrj(rai>. XafBêv Trpo oÔaX^v fjfjLw

25 roi>y ayaOovs diroaToXovr ITeVpoi/, 09 Sia tfXov dSiKovoyx eVa ovSe Svo dXXd irXeiovas VTrrjveyKev novovs, KalOVTO> papTvpfaas eTTopevOr) els TOV oêiXoêvov TOTTOV TrjsSid tfXov Kal epiv IlavXos VTrofiovrjs (3pa(3eiov

Clem. Alex. ; rots vd/zos AC ; in lege S.


29/224

Ad cor. i.] Early Christian Writers. 5matters of dispute that have arisen among you, dearlybeloved, and to the detestable and unholy sedition, soalien and strange to the elect of God, which a few headstrong and self-willed persons have kindled to sucha pitch of madness that your name, once revered and 5renowned and lovely in the sight of all men, hath beengreatly reviled. For who that had sojourned among youdid not approve your most virtuous and steadfast faith?Who did not admire your sober and forbearing piety inChrist? Who did not publish abroad your magnificent 10disposition of hospitality? Who did not congratulateyou on your perfect and sound knowledge ? For ye didall things without respect of persons, and ye walked afterthe ordinances of God, submitting yourselves to yourrulers and rendering to the older men among you the 15honour which is their due. On the young too ye enjoinedmodest and seemly thoughts : and the women ye chargedto perform all their duties in a blameless and seemly andpure conscience, cherishing their own husbands, as ismeet ; and ye taught them to keep in the rule of obedience, 20and to manage the affairs of their household in seemliness,with all discretion. L -

The Neronian Persecution (Clement}.BUT, to pass from the examples of ancient days, let uscome to those champions who lived nearest to our time.

Let us set before us the noble examples which belong to our 25generation. By reason of jealousy and envy the greatestand most righteous pillars of the Church were persecuted,and contended even unto death. Let us set before oureyes the good Apostles. There was Peter who by reasonof unrighteous jealousy endured not one nor two but 30many labours, and thus having borne his testimony wentto his appointed place of glory. By reason of jealousyand strife Paul by his example pointed out the prize of


30/224

Selections from [ciem. Rom.tv, eVra/cty (Seoyta 0opeVay, QvyaStvQtis,

Otis, Krjpvg yv6/j.evo$ ev re rfj dvaroXf) Kal kv rfj Svaei,TO ycvvaiov rrjs Trtcrreooy avrov /cXeoy eXa/Ser, SiKaiocrvvrjvSi8da$ oXov TOV KOO-JJ.OV Kal km TO rep/za TTJS Svcrecof

5 eXQw Kal papTVprjcras kirl T&V fiyovpevow, OVTCOS drrrjX-Xdyr) TOV Kocrfiov Kal e/y TOV ayiov TOTTOV

TOVTOLS ro?y avopdcriv dcrtcoy TroXtreuo ayLtet oty o~vvrj-Opoio~6rj 7roXi> TrXfjQos e/cXe/cra)^, otrtêy TroXXaty at/ctaty

10 /cat /SacraVoty, 5ta ^Xoy ?raôj/rey, vTroSeiypa /caXXta-roêyevovTO ev i]iiiv. Sta ^Xoy 5ta>^(êtcrat yvvaiK$, Aava-t cra)/zart.7^^. v, vi.

IV.15 npoSr/Xciw ovv J]\LIV ovTtov TovTtov, Kal

/y ra (3d6r] rr/y 6eias yvcno tcos, irdvTa Tdti6(f)tiXofj,v oo-a 6 5eo-7r6r7/y eTnreXeiV e/ceXefo-ei/Kaipovs TtTay/jLevovs ray re 7rpoo-0opay /cat XeiTOvpyias7n//eXa)y eTTireXeruâi /cat ou/c e//cry ?} ara/crcoy e/ceXefcre^

20 yiveo-Oai, dXX a>pfo-/zez/oiy /caipofy /cat wpaty TTOU re /cat^ta TLVODV eTriTeXtTo-QaL êXet, ai;roy a>pio~ev TTJ UTreprara)ai)rof! fiovXijo-ei iv do-tcoy TraVra yivo^va kv tvSoKTJo-eievTrpoo-StKTa ei rj r5 êX^/zart avrov" ot ovv TOI$ 7rpoo~-reray/zeôty /catpoty iroiovvTes ray 7rpoo-0opay avTcov v-25 TTpoo-SeKTOi re /cat /za/captot, roty yap ô/zt/zoty rou SCO-TTOTOVdKoXov6ovvTS ov SiafjLaprdvovo-Lv . r5 yap apxtepeXetroipytat 5e5o/zei/at etVtV, /cat roty tpvo~iv t^toy o

1 AavaiSes ral At>at] ACS ; i/edi/tSes irai8iffnai coni. Wordsworth.


31/224

vi.] Early Christian Writers. 7patient endurance. After that he had been seven times inbonds, had been driven into exile, had been stoned, hadpreached in the East and in the West, he won the noblerenown which was the reward of his faith, having taughtrighteousness unto the whole world and having reached 5the farthest bounds of the West; and when he had bornehis testimony before the rulers, so he departed from theworld and went unto the holy place, having been founda notable pattern of patient endurance.Unto these men of holy lives was gathered a vast multi- 10tude of the elect, who through many indignities andtortures, being the victims of jealousy, set a brave example among ourselves. By reason of jealousy womenbeing persecuted after they had suffered cruel and unholyinsults as Danaids and Dircae, safely reached the goal in 15the race of faith, and received a noble reward, feeblethough they were in body. L -

Arrangements settled by the Apostles.FORASMUCH then as these things are manifest beforehand, and we have searched into the depths of the Divineknowledge, we ought to do all things in order, as many as 20the Master hath commanded us to perform at theirappointed seasons. Now the offerings and ministrationsHe commanded to be performed with care, and not to bedone rashly or in disorder, but at fixed times and seasons.And where and by whom He would have them performed, 25He Himself fixed by His supreme will : that all thingsbeing done with piety according to His good pleasuremight be acceptable to His will. They therefore thatmake their offerings at the appointed seasons are acceptable and blessed : for while they follow the institutions of 30the Master they cannot go wrong. For unto the high-priest his proper services have been assigned, and tothe priests their proper office is appointed, and upon the


32/224

Selections from [ciem. Rom.Trpoo-rera/crai, KOL Aeutraiy iSiaiAaiVcoy dv6pa>7ro$ rots XaiKoTs irpoo~Tdynaare, a5eA0oi, oW TrAeioôy /car^ôo^Tyê^

, TOCTOVTO) /zaAAoi/ viroKtifjieda Kiv8vv dnb TOV Kvpiov

Irjo-ov Xpio-Tov, Irjaovs 6 Xpia-ro? OLTTO TOV eov e^-7TfJL(f)Or). 6 XplVTOS OVV 7TO TOV @OV, KOil 01 CLTfOCTTQ-XOL djrb TOV Xpio~Tov kyivovTO ovv a/^06repa eura/cro)?K 6e\rj[j.aTOS &ov. TrapayyeXias ovv Aa/36i>res KCU

20 TrXrjpotyoprjOevTes 8ia TTJS dvaaTdo-ecas TOV Kvpiov rjfjicovIrjcrov Xpio~Tov KOL TTio~T(*)6VTS kv ra> Aoyoo TOV ovfj,Ta TrXrjpotyopias nvev/jLaTos dyiov tgfjXQov, tvayyeXigojie-VOL TTJV pao~iXetav TOV @eov jieXXeiv pxeo-6ai. /cara \a>pasovv KCU iroXeis Krjpvo~o-ovTS KaOiaTavov ray anapâ?

25 avTtov, SoKLpdo-avTes r Tn/eu/mri, e/y CTTicr/coTrouy KOLStaKovovs T&V fjieXXovTonv 7TLo~TVLv. KCU TOVTO ov /carv eyey/oaTrro irepl eTTio-Koircov KOLSiaKovw OVTCOS yap trov Aeyei 77 ypaeTTiftovrjv 1 8e8a)Kao~Lv OTrcoy, kav KoifJLrjOwo-iv, 8LaSea)VTaierepoi v.

5 rovs ovv KaTavTaOtvTas VTT eKewcov rj /zeraz> v^ trepanseAXoy/ywa)i/ di/SpoHs, o-vvv8oKr](rd(TT]S rfjs tKK\r]crias 7rda-r]s }Kal Xcirovpyrjcrai Tas dfj./j.7TTa)S TO) noifjivia) TOV XpKrrov/j.Ta Ta7reivo(ppoo-vvr]s 770-1/^0)9 Kal d(3avav(ra>$ } /j.fj.ap-rvpr]fj.vov$ re 7ro\\oT$ xpovois vrrb Trdvrtov, TOVTOVS ov

10 SiKaicos VOJJLLÔIJL^V aTroâXXeaOat r^y Aeirofpy/ay. d/j.ap-ria yap ov p.LKpa rjjj.lv ecrrai, ka.v TQVS a/ze/zTrrcoy /cat

irpoo-tvtyKovTas ra Scopa rfjs eTrio-KOTrfjs diro-fiaKapioi ol TrpooSonroprjo-aisTcs TTpeo-fivrepoi,

eyKapTTOv Kal reXeiav eayjov rrjv dvdXvo~iv ov yap15 ev\af}ovvTai prj ri? avrovs fêrao-Tija-rj dnb TOVavrols TOTTOV. 6pa>fj.v yap OTL eviovs t /ze

KaXtoS 7ToXLTVOfjLl>OV$ K TT)S a/ze/ZTTTO)? aVToXtirovpyias. Ibid, xl_ xlii> xliv>

IV A.Kdv TO) aur ^Xaomoi/

20 KXrj^vTa V7raTvoi>Tay Kaiirtp dvttyiov oz/ra /cat yvvaiKaKal avTTjv o-vyyevTJ tavrov $Xaov(av Jo/zmXXaj/ exoi/ra,/carecrâêi/ o AoynTiavos. tTTrivtyQrj 81 a/z0on/ ey/cXr;/zaaêor^roy, ?;y icaJ aXXoi ey ra r1 Turner; lrr "/0/") " A; lwl 0/l^ C; super probatione


35/224

Ad cor. xiiv.j Early Christian Writers. noffice. For this cause therefore, having received complete foreknowledge, they appointed the aforesaid persons,and afterwards they provided a continuance, that if theseshould fall asleep, other approved men should succeed totheir ministration. Those therefore who were appointed 5by them, or afterward by other men of repute with theconsent of the whole Church, and have ministeredunblameably to the flock of Christ in lowliness ofmind, peacefully and with all modesty, and for long timehave borne a good report with all these men we consider 10to be unjustly thrust out from their ministration. For itwill be no light sin for us, if we thrust out those who haveoffered the gifts of the bishop s office unblameably andholily. Blessed are those presbyters who have gonebefore, seeing that their departure was fruitful and ripe : 15for they have no fear lest any one should remove themfrom their appointed place. For we see that ye have displaced certain persons, though they were living honourably, from the ministration which had been respected bythem blamelessly. 20

The Persecution of Domitian.AND in the same year Domitian slew amongst many

others Flavius Clemens in his consulship, though he washis cousin and had to wife his own kinswoman, FlaviaDomitilla. Against them both was brought a charge ofatheism : and on this many others who made shipwreck 25on Jewish customs were condemned, of whom some wereput to death, while others were at the least deprived oftheir property; but Domitilla was only banished toPandateria. Glabrio, however, who had been consul withTrajan, he also slew, partly on the same charges as the 30rest, and partly because he fought with beasts.


36/224

12 Selections fromV.

ITayrey ry Irjaovs Xptorbsra> irartj Kal r -rrptcrftv-eptcp a>y rofr aTrooroXoiy roi>y

rpe7recr0e a>y 0eou kvTO\r\v. prjStls x60/3^TI TrpacrartTO) rS>v avriKovroov e/y TT)J> KK\rj-

Kwr] fiefiaia i>\api(TTia rjyeiaOa) rj VTTO TOVOV(TO., T) (D O.V O.VTOS fTTLTpe^T), 07TOV &V

6 eTTlPKOTTOS, Kl TO 7T\fj6oS (770), OHTTTep 07TOV OLVy Xpicrroy Iô-ouy, e/ce? 17 Ka6o\iKrj KK\r](rLa. OVK t6vecTTtv x&pls TOV eTTto KOTrov OVT paTTTifciv cure aya.TTT]v

10 iroitiv d\\ o CLV e/ceôy SoKt/jido-rj^ TOVTO Kal ra> 6e, tva acr0aXey 77 /cai (3e(3aia)v irav o 7rpd(ro~eT.

IGNATIUS, Ad Smyrn. viii.VI.

ovv, OTCLV v\uv xcopls Irjaov Xpio~Tov XaXf)Tiy, TOV < yet oi/y AavdS, TOV K Maptas, oyyvvr)6r), tfyaytv re >cai tintv, aX^&o

15 TIovTtov TltXaTov, d\r]6a)$ tcrTavptoOr] Kal/3Xe7roj/ra)^ [r, eyeipai roy avTovTOV

TraTpbs afoot), Acara ro 6fj.otQ)p.a oy >cai 77/zay roz)yTnoretWray az^ro) ourooy eyepe? 6 Trar^p avTov kv20 Irjcrov, ov ^copls TO dXrjOivbi fjv OVK eô/j.ei .El Se, UXTTT^P riêy aOtoi o^rey, TOVTZCTTIV\kyova~Lv TO SOKGIV irtTrovQtvai avTov, avTol o^rey ro8oKew } eya> ri" 8e8fj.ai. TI Se Kal vô/j.aL 6rjpLOfj.a\fjo-aL ;Stopeav ovv aTroOvijcrKQ). dpa ovv KaTa-^revdo/JLai TOV Kvptov.

Ibid, ix, x.VII.25 Xpio~Tiavol yap ovre yfj oure (paovfj OVTZ Wtcri 8ia-

KKpLfJ.VOl T$>V XoiTTOOV civrai ovrt ftiov irapda^fJiov da-Kovo-iv. ov pr]

kirtvoia nvl Kal QpovriSt iroXvirpayrfvw avQp&Trvv pdOrjpaTOIOVT avroLS ecmV eupTj/zeVo* , ovSe Soyparos dv6pa>irtvov7rpoo-Tdo~iv, toairtp ZVLOI. KaroiKovvTts Sk noXeis EXXrj-

5 viSas re Kal (3ap(3dpovs o>9 e/cacrro? tKXrjpwQr), Kal rotsedfo-tv aKO\ov6ovi>Tes ev re ea-Qrirt Kal

fl Kal TW Xoi7r K.aT&VTaviv7ToXlTia$. TTttTplSaS OIKOV(TIV ISiaS, dXX 0)9 irdpOLKOL

10 fiT)ôva-i Trdi Tw oSy iroXlrai, Kal TTOLV& viro^kvovtnvcoy fei/or iraa-a far] irarpfo kvnv avrS>v } Kal irdaairarpls itvn. yap.ovTai. dyvoovvrai, Kal KaraKpi-vovrac OavaTOVvrai, Kal gcooTroiovvrai. 7rT(o\evov(n } Kal

20 7T\ovTiovo l TToXXouy TrdvToov v(TTpovvraL ) /cat ev Tracri7TpLo~a vovo Lv. drLfjiovvTaL, Kal ej> raiy aTifiiais Sod-ovraL ^Xaa-^rjfjiovj/Tai., Kal SiKaiovvraL. XoiSopovvrai,Kal v\oyov(TLv vftptôvTa Kal TifJiaHnv. dya6o7roLovj T$

coy KaKol Ko\dovTai /coXa^6//eôt yjaipov&iv coy {(COTTOLOV-2 5 //ei/oi. VTTO lovSaicw coy dXXotyvXoi TroXffjLovvrai Kal VTTO

EXXrjvow SitoKovrai Kal Tr\v alriav r^y e^dpas eiToi /Jicrouj/rey OVK fywo iv.

!^7rXcoy 5* tiTrelv, oirep tvrlv tv crco/zari êicrit/ ei/ Koa/j-O) XpLo~TLavoi. f.-

35 VKovTai ply ot/rey ei/ rco /cocr/ico doparos cSe avrcoj/ 17


39/224

. 5-7-] Early Christian Writers. 15an extraordinary kind of life. Nor again do they possessany invention discovered by any intelligence or study ofingenious men, nor are they masters of any human dogmaas some are. But while they dwell in cities of Greeks andbarbarians as the lot of each is cast, and follow the native 5customs in dress and food and the other arrangements oflife, yet the constitution of their own citizenship, whichthey set forth, is marvellous, and confessedly contradictsexpectation. They dwell in their own countries, but onlyas sojourners ; they bear their share in all things as 10citizens, and they endure all hardships as strangers.Every foreign country is a fatherland to them, and everyfatherland is foreign. They marry like all other men andthey beget children ; but they do not cast away theiroffspring. They have their meals in common, but not 15their wives. They find themselves in the flesh, and yetthey live not after the flesh. Their existence is on earth,but their citizenship is in heaven. They obey the established laws, and they surpass the laws in their own lives.They love all men, and they are persecuted by all. They 20are ignored, and yet they are condemned. They are putto death, and yet they are endued with life. They are inbeggary, and yet they make many rich. They are in wantof all things, and yet they abound in all things. They aredishonoured, and yet they are glorified in their dishonour. 25They are evil spoken of, and yet they are vindicated.They are reviled, and they bless ; they are insulted, andthey respect. Doing good they are punished as evildoers ; being punished they rejoice, as if they werethereby quickened by life. War is waged against them 30as aliens by the Jews, and persecution is carried on againstthem by the Greeks, and yet those that hate them cannottell the reason of their hostility.In a word, what the soul is in a body, this the Christians are in the world. The soul is spread through all 35the members of the body, and Christians through thedivers cities of the world. The soul hath its abode inthe body, and yet it is not of the body. So Christianshave their abode in the world, and yet they are not of theworld. The soul which is invisible is guarded in the 40body which is visible : so Christians are recognised asbeing in the world, and yet their religion remaineth


40/224

1 6 Selections from [Auct.cre/3eia pevci. fj-icrei rrjv tyvyjiv r) (rapg KOI 7roXe/ze*

d8iKovfi.vrj y SIOTI rais f}8ovcus ArcoXuerat xpfja-QaiKal XpivTiavovs 6 Kocrfj-os /jLiyfev a&Kcw/zez oy, on

raft fiSovals dvTiTdo~o~ovTai. 17 tyv)(r] TTJV fjuo~ovo~av5 dyafra adpKa Kal ra fj.\rj f KCU Xpicmavol rou?ray ayaTrSxnv. ey/ce/cAeio-rat p.\v rj "^v^rj ra>a-ffeêt 5e aiJr^ TO o-co/za* â^ XpLariavolJAW V TreTTio-Ttvpevtov ray i/ oi^pai/ory ôt/CTyo-eiy, aXX

25 auroj/ rov T^VIT^V Kal Srjfj.iovpybv T>V oXtov,. dpd ye, coy dvOp&TTtov &v ri9Xoyio-aiTo, tnl rvpavviSi Kal 06/Sa) /cat

vv d\\ ev 7riiKta [/caf] irpavTrjTL 009vlov (Bao-iXca eTre/z^rez/, (09 @eo^ tTre/j. ^rei , 009

10 [aV$pa)7roj>] 7rpo9 dvOpa>7rov$ eVe/ir//-^, cl)9 (rco^coj/0)9 irdOtov, ov piagofjLtvos- (3ia yap ov Trpoaeo-ri7Tfji^lrV O>9 /CaXo)^, Ol) 5iO)/CO)^* 7T6/Z ^/> ei/ ft)9ov Kpivtov. 7re/JL\lri yap avrov Kpivovra, Kal rk avrovTTJV Trapowiav UTroo Tija TaL ,.... [o^X ^y ? 51! Trapa-

15 (3aXXofj.ei>ovs Qrjpiois, iva dpvrjo-GWTai rov Kvpiov, Kal fj,rjx op? o irXetoves KoXagovrai, TOO-OVTWaXXoi/9 ; ravra dvOptoirov ov $o/ceF ra

e/oya, raura SvvafJLis kvn Seov ravra rf)S napovaiasAUCT. ^4f/ Diognetum, 5-7.

VIII.20 He/)? 5e TOV jSa?rrf(r/zaro9, ouro) ârrTia-arc raura

irdvra TrpotnrovTes /3a7rr/o-are e/9 ro ovopa TOV JTarpo9/ca? roO T/ou ât rou ayrof ITi/eu/iarolav St fj.r] 6^779 i/5o)p ô)i/, /9 aXXoti 8 ov Svvao-aL kv tyvxpto, kv Oepfito. kav $ dfj.aXr)v rpls vScop e/96Vo/za 7Tarpo9 /cat T/ou /cat dy/bv ITêi;âro9. TT/OO v ft)? KOL rjfJLeT? d(f>LfjLyTOIS o0fXrai? f]pa)v, KOL fjLrj e/a-eêyATTy? ripcis e/y 7Tipao~-

10 fjLOV} dXXa pvcrai f)fj.a$ aTro TOV Trovrjpov OTL o~ov eo~Tiv 778vva[JLis Kal r) Soga ts TOV$ aloovas. Tpls TfjS f]fj.pa?OUTQ) 7rpO(TV^0-6.

Ucpl 8k r^9 V)(apio-Tia$, OUTGO i>âpicrTrjo~aT irpS>TOv7Tpl TOV TTOTTJplOV EvâpLa-TOV/jLey (TOl, HaTp fl/AWls,

15 V7Tp r^9 aym? dfjLtrtXov AavtlS TOV naiSos aov, ^9eyj/d)picra9 r]fJLLv 8ia Irjaov TOV TraiSos crow o~ol J] 86aei9 roi>9 aifovas. 7Tpl Se TOVpio~as r}fjuv Sid Irjaov TOV TraiSos o~ov crol 17 86a

20 et9 TOVS alcovas. a>o-rrp r\v TOVTO TO KXdo-fia 8io~KOp-TTio fjLevoi CTraj/a) T&V opeow Kal o~vva^6ey eyeêro e^,OVTCO o-vyaÔrJTO) orov 77 KKXr]o-ia d-rro TO>V irtpdrtov 7779

e/9 rr)t/ CTT)^ (3ao~iXiai> OTL (TOV eor^ 77 86ga Kal 178id Irjo-ov XpLVTOV /9 roi)9 aiQ)vas. fArjStls 8e

25 0ayeroo /zr;5 Trtera) 7ro r^9 tvyapurTias vn&v, dXX olPaTTTio-OevTes e/9 wopa Kvpiov. Kal yap irepl TOVTOVipr)Kev 6 Kvpios Mrj 8a>T TO ayiov TOIS KVO~I.Mera 8e TO e/ZTrXr; 0-^77vat o#ra>9 v\apio-Trjo~aTEvxapio-TOv/tw a-oi, ITare/o ayte, vnep TOV dytov wopaTos30 a-ov } ov /carecr/c77i/a)o-a9 ei/ TQU9 KapSiais r^fjia>vf Kal vnlpnjy yj/d)o-eco9 /cat TT/crrecoy /cai dQavao-ias, fjs yva>pio~asfliuv Sid Irjcrov TOV naiSos o~ov o~ol T) 86ga eh TOVSa/a)i/a9. a-v, 8eo-iTOTa wavTOKpaTop, %KTio~as TO. irdvTa


45/224

Aposi.7-i5.] Early Christian Writers. 21they fast on the second and the fifth day of the week ; butdo ye keep your fast on the fourth and on the preparation(the sixth) day. Neither pray ye as the hypocrites, but asthe Lord commanded in His Gospel, thus pray ye : OurFather, which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name ; Thy 5kingdom come ; Thy will be done, as in heaven, so alsoon earth ; give us this day our daily bread ; and forgiveus our debt, as we also forgive our debtors ; and lead usnot into temptation, but deliver us from the Evil One ; forThine is the power and the glory for ever and ever. 10Three times in the day pray ye so.

But, as touching the eucharistic thanksgiving, give yethanks thus. First, as regards the cup : We give Theethanks, O our Father, for the holy vine of Thy son David,which Thou madest known unto us through Thy Son 15Jesus ; Thine is the glory for ever and ever. Then asregards the broken bread : We give Thee thanks, O ourFather, for the life and knowledge which Thou didstmake known unto us through Thy Son Jesus ; Thine isthe glory for ever and ever. As this broken bread was 20scattered upon the mountains and being gathered togetherbecame one, so may Thy Church be gathered togetherfrom the ends of the earth into Thy kingdom ; for Thineis the glory and the power through Jesus Christ for everand ever. But let no one eat or drink of this eucharistic 25thanksgiving, but they that have been baptized into thename of the Lord ; for concerning this also the Lord hathsaid : Give not that which is holy to the dogs.And after ye are satisfied thus give ye thanks : Wegive Thee thanks, Holy Father, for Thy holy name, 30which Thou hast made to tabernacle in our hearts, andfor the knowledge and faith and immortality, which Thouhast made known unto us through Thy Son Jesus ; Thineis the glory for ever and ever. Thou, Almighty Master,didst create all things for Thy name s sake, and didst 35


46/224

23 Selections fromTOV ovopaTos o~ov j Tpo(f>rjv re Kal TTOTOV e&/cay

roFy dv6pa>7TOi$ e/y d-jToXavo-Lv Iva croi evâeâpicra) TrvevfjLaTiKrjv Tpoffiv Kal TTOTOV KalSia TOV TratSoy orov. TT/OO TraVrcoj/

5 Tovptv VOL on SVVCLTOS i (TV* (rot fj 86ga c/j rodsi 1 Kvpie, 777? KK\r)(ria$ aov TOV pvtraaOai

OLTTO TTCLVTOS TTOvrjpov Kal T\i&o~aL avTrjv kv TTJ(TOV, Kal aov avrty dirb T$>V To-o~dpa>t/ di>/jLO>v,

Trjv dyiaa"0io~ay e/y TTJV (rr}v (3aV diro-

20 (TToXtov Kal TTpofyriT&v KaTa TO S6yfj.a TOV evayyeXiovot/rcoy 7roirjo-aT. Tray 5e aTrocrroXoy ep\6/jLevo$ rr/ooyv/jias êx^rco euy Kvpios ov /icvei Se d prf rjfjiepavfjLiav ai/ 8e TTOIZLV 6o~aauroy TTOLCI, ov KpiOrfaeTai efi vptoV fj.era Oeov yap eêirrjv Kpi

10 vcrrepovi Twi i7rr) Sovvai, fj-qSels avTov Kpivera).lids Se 6 px6fj.vos ev wop-aTi Kvpiov SfÔ^ra)

eneira Se 8oKijj,do~ai TS avrov yvtocreaOe. crvvecriv yapeêre 8eiav KOI dpLarepdv. el fiev TrapoSios eaTiv 6epôfj-evos, ftorjOeire avrti oao-6e ov [level Se trpbs

15 vfids el p.r] Svo f] rpels rifj.epas, edv fj dvoLyK.it]. el SeOeXei irpbs vfj.ds KaOfja-Qai, re^vLrrjs &v, epyageo-Oa) Kal(frayeTco. el Se OVK e%ei Te^vrjvy Kara TTJVvfimv 7rpoi>orjo~aTey 7Tv Sbs Kara rr\vevToXrjv. axravrcos Kepdfiiov oivov fj eXaiov dvotgas TTJV30 d-irapyf)v Xafiav Sbs TOIS npotyrJTais dpyvptov Se Kal

ifiaTio-fiov Kal iravrbs KTrjfiaros Xa(3a)i>&s av o-oi 86gr) ) Sbs Kara rrjv evroXrjv.


49/224

AposLi-i5.] Early Christian Writers. . 25he ordereth a table in the Spirit shall eat of it ; otherwisehe is a false prophet. And every prophet teaching thetruth, if he doeth not what he teacheth, is a false prophet.And every prophet approved and found true, if he doethought as an outward mystery typical of the Church, and 5yet teacheth you not to do all that he himself doeth, shallnot be judged before you ; he hath his judgement in thepresence of God ; for in like manner also did the prophetsof old time. And whosoever shall say in the Spirit, Giveme silver or anything else, ye shall not listen to him ; but 10if he tell you to give on behalf of others that are in want,let no man judge him.But let every one that cometh in the name of the Lordbe received ; and that when ye have tested him ye shallknow him, for ye shall have understanding on the right 15hand and on the left. If the comer is a traveller, assisthim, so far as ye are able ; but he shall not stay with youmore than two or three days, if it be necessary. But if hewishes to settle with you, being a craftsman, let him workfor and eat his bread. But if he has no craft, according 20to your wisdom provide how he shall live as a Christianamong you, but not in idleness. If he will not do this, heis trafficking upon Christ. Beware of such men.

But every true prophet desiring to settle among you isworthy of his food. In like manner a true teacher is also 25worthy, like the workman, of his food. Every firstfruitthen of the produce of the wine-vat and of the threshing-floor, of thy oxen and of thy sheep, thou shalt take andgive as the firstfruit to the prophets ; for they are yourchief-priests. But if ye have not a prophet, give them to 3the poor. If thou makest bread, take the firstfruit andgive according to the commandment. In like manner,when thou openest a jar ofwine or of oil, take the firstfruitand give to the prophets ; yea and of money and raimentand every possession take the firstfruit, as shall seem 35good to thee, and give according to the commandment.


50/224

2 v aTrocrroXcoi/ Trpoy rcoi aiperiKaiv Trpocfie-pofjitvas, rjroL coy Ilerpov Kal @co/za Kal MarQta, rj Kai

30 rivcov Trapa rovrouy aXXcor euayyeXta Tre/ne^oi/cmy, coyAvSpeov Kal ladvvov Kal rcov dXXcov aTrocrroXcoi/ irpd-eiy, &v ov8ev ovSaftto? kv (Tvyydari rvv Kara ray


61/224

H.E.iii.a5.] Early Christian Writers. 37quaternion of the Gospels, which are followed by the writingof the Acts of the Apostles. After this we have to placeon the list the Epistles of Paul ; and next to these we mustmaintain the current Former Epistle ofJohn, and likewisethat of Peter. In addition to these we must set down, if 5it do seem right, the Apocalypse ofJohn ; but the opinionswhich have been held concerning this book we will set forthin due course. And these are counted as acknowledged.But of the disputed books, which are nevertheless familiarto most [writers], the so-called Epistle ofJames is current, 10and that of Jude ; also the Second of Peter, and thosecalled Second and Third ofJohn, whether they be the workof the Evangelist, or possibly of some other John. Amongthe spurious we must set down the writing of the Acts ofPaul, and the so-called Shepherd, and the Apocalypse 15of Peter; and in addition to these the current Epistle ofBarnabas, and the so-called Teachings of the Apostles,and, moreover, as I said, the Apocalypse of John if it seemgood ; though some, as I said, reject it, while others include it in the acknowledged books. Some moreover have 20also counted in this class the Gospel according to theHebrews, which is in especial honour with those of theHebrews who have received the Christ. Now all thesewill belong to the disputed books. We have been obligedto include these also in our list notwithstanding [the doubts 25about them], distinguishing the writings which accordingto orthodox tradition are true and genuine and fullyacknowledged, from the others outside their number, whichare not canonical but disputed, yet recognized by mostorthodox [writers], that we might be able to mark these 3books, and those put forward by the heretics in the nameof the Apostles, whether as containing Gospels of Peterand Thomas and Matthias or also of others beside them,or as Acts of Andrew and John and the other Apostlesbooks of which no one of the succession of ecclesiastical 35


62/224

38 Selections fromKK\r)epoyueVcoi/ Trpoa/pecny, TrXeia-rov ocrov

5 rfjs d\rj6ovs 6p6oSoia$ aTradovcra, OTL SrjdvSpwv dvairXda-fjLara rvyydvti, cra^co? 7rapicrTr)(rivovS kv v66ois avra KararaKTeov, aAX coy aroTraKOL Sva-o-tpfj 7rapaiTr)Toi>. 73^ ^ 2 ,

XIII.Tov 5e UaTTia v /epcoi/ aTrocrroXco^7rapeiXr;c/)ei/at 5e ra T7)y TT/orecoy ?rapa rcoi/

20 eKe/fOiy yvcopificw SiSdaKti SL 5>v Trpecr/Sfre-

pcov /caXcoy ep.a6ov Kal /caXcoy tfra?y ep/iî/efa/y, 5ia/3ejSaioov yap rory ra TroXXa Xeyova-iv fyaipov cocrTrep o/ TroXXo/,

25 aXXa roiy TaXrjOfj SiSavKova-iv, ovSk roly ray aXXorpfayet^roXay [Avrjuovtvovaiv, dXXa ro?y ray ?rapa roO Kvpiovrfi 7Ti(TTL SeSoftevas Kal an avTfjs irapayivoiiZvas r^ydXrjOeias. e/ cSe TTOU /cat 7rapr)KoXov6r]KV TOV KvptOV fJ-aOrfTCOV, d T AptCTTLODV KCU 6

TTpevPVTepos ladvvrjs, ot TOV Kvpiov fj,a6rjTai, Xeyovcriv.ov yap TO. K TWV ftipXian TOO-OVTOV fte c00eXe> VTTC-Xdfj.(3avov, ovov ra napa gaxrrjs (fxovfjs Kal /j.vovo~r)s.

5 "EvQa Kal 7ri(TTTJ(Tai aiov Sis KaTapL6fj.ovvTi avrS> TOlobdvvov ovopa, $>v TOV [JLtv npoTtpov JTerpoo KCU IaKKOL MarOa&n KCU TOIS XOITTOIS aTroaToXois o-uo-a$ 8r}\$)V TOV eâyyeXicrr^, TOV 8 tTtpov8iao~Ti\a$ TOV Xoyov erepoij irapa TOV T$>V a.7roo~T6X(>v

10 dpiOfJ-bv KaTCLTdo-aei, 7rpOTaa$ avTOv TOV ApivTicova,o~acf)S>s T avTov 7rpeo~(3vTpov 6vo{j.dî. coy KOL 8ia TOVTCOVd7ro8eiKvvo-6cu T?JV laTOpiav dXrjOrj TO>V 8vo Kara Tr]vAo~iav 6/j,o)vvfjLia. K^pfjardaL eiprjKOTWVj 8vo re kvyeveaOai fj.vrjfJ.aTa Kal tKaTtpov ladvvov Ti vvv Xt

15 ofy Kal dvayKaiov 7rpoo~eîv TOV vovv e/Acoy yayo TOV8tVTpOV } 1 \Lr\ Tl$ kBiXoi TOV TTp&TOV, TT)V klf OVOfjLaTOS(pepofj.vr)v Icodvvov ATfOKaXv^nv ewpaKtvai. KOL 6 vvv8e fifjiiv 8r]XovfJLevo$ ITaTnay TOVS fJLev T&V diroo-ToXoivAoyouy Trapa TGOV avToTs TrapTjKoXovdrjKOTOov 6fj.oXoyi

20 irapti\r]v arrdvTtov kv T/o> fjiovoyevel Kal Hvtv-pari ayia), Kal dXXov 6eov 7rXr)*> rovrov ov aôvrai."Eyjovcri ray eiroXay avrov rov JZvpiov Irjaov Xptcrrovkv raTs KapStais Ke-âpay^vas, KOL Tavras cfrvXaTTOvai,

5 TrpovSoKtovres avdo-raa-iv i>e/cp KOL {corjv rov /zeAXoi/royOv p-oi^vovcriv, ov Tropvevovcrii , ov ^fvSofj.apTV-, OVK 7Tt6v/.iov(n, TO, d\\6rpLa, TifJ.)o~i Trarepa KOL

fj.r]-pa, Kal TCVS TrXrjaiov (fiiXovai, Si-Kaia Kptvovaiv, oaaov SeXovaiv avroTs yivtcrOaL ere/Dft) ov Trotovai, TOVS

to dSiKovvTas avTovs TrapaKaXovvL Kal 7rpocr0iAery avrovs

e/cri Kal emtLKeis, drro 7rdo~r]s o~vvovo~ias dvofjiovKal dno Trda-rjs dKaOapaias kyKpartvovrai, \^Pavov^ VTrepopcocrLv, opfpavcv ov XvTrovaw 6 e^cov TOO /zr)

15 ôvrc a coy krrl dSeXcficp dXrj-6ivcp ov yap Kara o~dpKa dStXchovs tavrovs Ka\ovo~iv 3dXXd Kara rfv^vâ. "Eroifj,oi tiaiv vnep Xpicrrov rayv/Aây avrStv TrpotaQai rd yap rrpoardyâra avrov d7roi$o>y KaTaTrXayfjvat TOVS oi Aoy< ray yivo/j.va$

5 OVK Kpivov, dXXd 8eei vvvJipTTaviLtvoi Kal JJLTJfj.voi, Salivas tlvai QavXovs, 6eov$

eriOero. ore 8k 2 00Kpdrrj y Aoyoo dXrjQei Kalravra e/y fyavepov entipaTO (f)pw Kal dir-

10 dyeiv rS>v SaifJiovcov TOVS dvQptoTrovs, Kal avrol oi 8aifiOVSSid rS>v yjOLLpovroDv rfj KaKia dvOpwTTGov kvr\pyv]Gav coyaOeov Kal dcrefir) diroKTetvai, Aeyo^rey Kaiva e/cr0epeii>avrov Saifj-ovia. Kal ofioicos f^w TO avrb evep-yovvLv ov yap [JLOVOV ev "EXXrja-L Sid ^GOKparovs VTTO

15 Xoyov rjXeyÔr] Tavra, dXXd Kal kv (3ap(3dpOLS VTT avrovTOV Xoyov fiopcfHuOevTOS Kal dv6pa>7rov ytvofjitvov KalIrja-ov XpLo-rov KXrjOevTO^, w 7Ttcr6evTes 77/zery roi)yravra irpdâvras daipovas ov IJLOVOV fj.rj 6p8ovs tlvai

ap.tv,dXXd KaKovs Kal dvocriovs Saifjiovas, oi ovSe rots

20 dptTrjv TroOovaiv dvQp&noLS rds 7T/oaay oyLto/ay ÔV(TL.JUSTIN, Apol. i. 5.

XVI."Iva St fjLrj rives d\oyi r}/j.coi eiTTtovL, irpo er>v tKarKovra yeyewrJG-Qai rov Xpivrov Aeyeii/ ^/zay errt Kv-prjviov, Se8i8a)(ei>aL 8k a 0a/zei/ 8i8dai avrov varepov

25 xpoôiy enl Tlovriov IliXdrov, Kal eTn/caAcocaj/, a>y d

rr)v diropiav Xva-co^da. TOV XpivrovTOV &ov fivai e8i8d)(6r}fjLi Kal 7rpofjL7jvvo-afj.v Xoyov6vTa} ov irav yevos dvOpdoirtov /zeTeorê. Kal ot30 Aoyov (3io-avTS Xpi "EXXrjo-i /ze*> Ha>Kpdrr)S Kal Hpa/cAefroy Kal oiofJLOLoi avTols, eV ftapftdpoLS Se Afipad/j, Kal Avavias KalAgapias Kal MiaarjX Kal HXtas Kal dXXoi rroXXoi, &vrds Trpdgeis $ ra ovopara KaTaXtytiv paKpbv eivai

5 kinaroi^voi TOLVVV irapaLrovÔa.Ibid. i. 46.

XVII.*Ov rpoiTov Se Kal dveOrJKafjiev eavTOvs ro> eo> KOLIVQ-

TTOirjOevTts Sia rov XpioroO, e^y^cro/zeâ, OTTO)? /j,rj rovroTrapa\nrdvTS 56|o)/ze^ irovrjptveiv TL kv rfj 777770-6*.

oL av 7Ti(r6a)(ri Kal TTia-Tevcoaii/ dXrjOfj ravra TO, vV 7rpor)fj,apTr)/j.i>a)v a&tcrLv SiSd-

(TKOVTai, 77/ZCOI/ aVVV)(0/J,ei (CH Kal (TVVVriaTtVQVTdOV aVTOL?.7TLTa ayovrai vcfj r]p.S)v i/6a vScop COT/, Kal rpoirov15 dvayewija-tcos, ov Kal 77/^6?? avrol dveyewrjdruj.ei , dva-

ytvv&vTai eir of6/zaroy yap rov Trarpbs rS>v oXow KalSecnroTov &ov Kal rov acorfjpos 77/^0)^ Irjcrov Xpio~rov KalIIvVfj.aro$ ayiov rb kv ra> vdari rore \ovrpbv rroiovvrai.Kal yap 6 Xpiarbs tiTrw *Av /XT) dvaywr]6fjr ) ov fj.r)20 to~X6r]r e/y rr]v (3acriXLai> rS>v ovpava>v. on SI Kala^vvarov e/? ray ftT/jrpas rtov re/coucrcoi/ rot)? aVa| yc^co-/zet/ofy fj,(3fjvai} fyavepbv rcaviv tvri. . . . KaXtTrai Serovro rb \ovrpbv 0a)ria-yu6y, wy ^TLÔ^V^V TT)I/ Sidvoiavra>v ravra [JiavOavovrtov.

25 H/zay Se /zera TO oi/rcoy Xovaai rbv TreTrei.cr/jivoi> Kalo-vyKarare0ifjLi>oi> etrl rouy Xeyo/ieôyy dSeXQovs dyo^v,tv6a 0-vvrjyij.evoi ticri, KOLVCLS ei)x? noLf](ro^voi vntp reiavr&v Kal rov QcoricrQevros Kal dXXwv rravrayov nd^rcovtvrovas, oVcoy Kara^L(o6co/jLv ra dXrjQfj paQovrcs Kal 81

30 e>ya)i/ dyadol noXiravral Kal QvXaKes rS>v


75/224

Apoi.i. 46.] Early Christian Writers. 51as of the Greeks, Socrates, Heraclitus and others likethem, and of the barbarians Abraham, Hananiah, Azariah,Mishael, Elijah, and many others, whose names and actswe decline to set down here, knowing that they would belong to tell. 5

Christian Worship.BUT I will explain how we also dedicated ourselves to

God when we were made new through Christ, lest bypassing it over I should seem in any way unfair in myexplanation. As many as are persuaded and believe thatthe things are true which are taught by us and said to be 10true, and promise that they can live accordingly theyare taught to pray and to ask of God with fasting forgiveness of their former sins, and we pray and fast togetherwith them. Then they are brought by us to a placewhere there is water, and born again with a new birth 15even as we ourselves were born again. For in the nameof God the Father and Lord of the universe, and of ourSaviour Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit do they thenreceive the washing in water. For Christ said, Exceptye be born again, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of 20heaven. But that it is impossible for those once born toenter into the wombs of their mothers is manifest to all.. . . And this washing is called Enlightenment, becausethose who learn these things have their understandingenlightened. ... 25But after having thus washed him that is persuadedand has given his assent, we bring him to where thebrethren as they are called are gathered together, to makeearnest prayers in common for ourselves and for thenewly enlightened, and for all others everywhere, that 30we may be counted worthy after we have learned thetruth, by our works also to be found right livers andkeepers of the commandments, that we may be saved withE 2


76/224

52 Selections fromvpt6fjvai, OTrcoy Trjv aldoviov o-a>Tr)piav cra>$co//e*>. dXXrj-Xouy (j)iXrjfj.aTL d(nra6fjL@a Travcrd^voi TGOV evâ>v.TTtTa 7T/oo(T0epTat TCO TrpoeorcoTi TO)* dStXcfiaiv aproy/ecu TTOT^pLov vSaros Kal /cpa/iaroy, Kal o5roy Xafioov

5 aa/oi/ /ecu $6ai/ ra> Harpl TO>V O\GOV 8ia rov oô/zaroy roOT/oi5 /cat rou JTêuyuaro? roi) ayiov aâTre/zTr(TTiav vTTtp TOV KaTr)ia>cr6ai TOVTCW nap avrov TTLTroitTrai ov a-wreXeo-aj To? ra? eây /cat r^Tray 6 irapcbv Xaoy TTV(pr]fJLL Xeyoor : AJJLTIV, TO B dfj.r]V

10 r^ EffpaiSi (jxtivfi TO ykvoiro (rrjâtvei. v\apL(TTrj-o~avTO$ Se TOV TTyooecrrcoroy /ca? eTref^^/i^cra^roy Tra^roy roi)Xaoi5 o/ KaXovfjLvoL Trap fjfJLW SiaKovoi 8i86ao~Lv e/caora)TTo$ dpTovKal OLVOV Kal vSaTos Kal ro?y ov Trapovaiv a7ro(f)povo~i.

15 Kal 17 Tpo(f>r) avTrj KaXetTai Trap iîiv ^vâpLo-TLa, ^ydXXo) fJLTaO")(lV t6l> 0~Tll>} f) TO) 7TIO~TVOVTL dXrjOrjTO, SeSiSayfjLeva vv Kal Xovcra/jLtva) TO vnep

afiapTLOiv Kal e/y dvayevvr]criv XovTpov Kal oi/rcoytoy 6 X/oioroy TrapeScoKtv. ov yap coy KOIVOV

20 dpTov ovSe KOIVOV 7ro/j.a raura Xa^dvo^v, dXX ovTponov Sid Xoyof @ou crapKOTTOLrjOels Irjo~ovs Xpio~To$6 O-COTTJP ?7//a)i/ ât o~dpKa Kal aTfia vncp v&TTipias f)fjia>voi/rcoy /cat r^ 5i eux^? Xoyov TOV Trap avTov

~Tri6io~ai Tpo(j)r}v} e^ ^y aTfia Kal o-ap/cey /cara25 /Zra/3oXî/ TptfyovTai rj/j,cc>i/, eKeivov TOV o-apKOTroiqOevTOS

Irja-ov Kal o-dpKa Kal atpa tStSdyQ-niitv elvai. ol yapdnoo ToXoi kv roty yzvofjitvoi.? VTT avT&v airo\JLVT]\LOVZU-(JLacnv, a KaXeiTai vayyXia, ovrcoy 7rape8a>Kav eVre-TaXBai avTois TOV Irjaovv, Xa(36i>Ta dpTov evxapia Trja avTa30 LTTW TOVTO 7TOLIT /y TT)V dvdfJLVr]0~LV flOV } TOVTO 0~Tl TOcrco/za fj.ov Kal TO TTOT^piov o/zo/coy XaftovTa Kal V)(a-

L7reiv TOVTO ear* atyd JJ.QV, KalfjLtTaSovvai. oirtp Kal kv TOIS TOV MiBpa


77/224

APoi.i.65-67.] Early Christian Writers. 53the eternal salvation. We salute each other with a kisswhen our prayers are ended. Afterwards is brought to thepresident of the brethren bread and a cup of water and[mixed] wine, and he takes it and offers up praise andglory to the Father of the universe through the name 5of the Son and the Holy Spirit, and gives thanks atlength, that we have received these favours from Him ;and at the end of his prayers and thanksgiving the wholepeople present responds, saying Amen. Now the wordAmen in the Hebrew language signifies So be it. Then 10after the president has given thanks and all the peopleresponded, the deacons as we call them allow every one ofthose present to partake of the bread and wine and waterfor which thanks have been given ; and for those absentthey take away a portion. 15And this food is called by us Eucharist, and it is notlawful for any man to partake of it but he who believesour teaching to be true, and has been washed with the

washing which is for the forgiveness of sins and untoa new birth, and is so living as Christ commanded. For 20not as common bread and common drink do we receivethese ; but like as Jesus Christ our Saviour being madeflesh through the word of God took both flesh and bloodfor our salvation, so also were we taught that the food forwhich thanks are given by the word of prayer that comes 2 5from him food by which blood and flesh by conversion arenourished, is both flesh and blood of that Jesus who wasmade flesh. For the Apostles in the memoirs which theycomposed, which are called Gospels, thus delivered thatcommand was given them that Jesus took bread and 30gave thanks and said, This do in remembrance of me,this is my body; and that He likewise took the cup, andafter He had given thanks said, This is my blood, andgave of it only to them. Which the evil demons imitated,commanding it to be done also in the mysteries of Mithras; 35


78/224

54 Selections fromp/biy iraptScoKav yivecrdai fjn^crd^voL ol Trovripol Sat-/zoêy OTL yap aproy KCU TroTf]piov vSaTOS TiQerai kv rcusTOV fJLVOVflVOV T\TaT$ fJLr klTl\Oy(UV TiV&V, r) tirtcTTacrQz77 [jLaOeiv SvvaaQe.

5 .H/zefy Se fiTa ravra \OITTOV del TOVTODV d\Xij\ovsdvafii/*vrj(rKOfj,i KOL ol ôvre^ TOIS Xenro/jLevois Tracriv7TlKOVpOVfJ.l , KOL (J\}Vf.(T^V dXXrjXoiS aL. 7TL TTaCTL T

o?s 7rpoo-(j)p6fjLOa evXoyovpev TOV noirjTrjv rS>v Trdvrcov SiaTOV Tlov avTov Ir)o~ov XpiaTov KOL Sia Uêu/iaroy TOV10 dyiov. KOL T{J TOV rjXiov Xeyo/jLevr} r]f^pa irdvTtov KCLTO.

TToAef? rj dypovs ^VOVTGDV tnl TO ai>To avveXtvans ylvtTai,KCU TO, d7rofjLi>r)fj.oi>v/j.aTa TCOV aTroaToXcw r) TO, avyypdp.-efra TravaafJL^vov TOV dvayLvo~KOVTO$ 6 Tr/joecrrcby Sia

15 Xoyov TTJV vov6ea-tav KCU TrpoKXrjaiv TTJS TO>J> /caXcoi/ TOV-KCU V)(a$ Tre/jLTTO/jLev. /cat a)?r)fj.a>v TTJS ei)^(^9 apro? Trpocrêperai KCU oivos KCU vScop,KCU 6 Trpoeo-ra)? evicts o/zotooy KCU ev)(apicrTia$, ocrrj Svva/Jiis

20avTq>, dvaTTtfJ-TTti KCU 6 Aaoy 7TVV7TfJL7rTat. 01 tVITOpOVVTeS $ KCU ÔvXo/JLefOL KCtTO,7rpoaipe Trpoea-rcori aTroriêrai, KCU CIVTOS7TlKOVpL OpcfrctVOLS T KCU ^pCtlS, KCU TOIS SlO. VOVOV r} SCaXXrjv aiTiav Xenrofj.voi$, KCU TOLS tv 8ecr/j,oT$ oven, KOLroty TrapeTrtSrJiJLois oven ei/oi?, KCU aTrAwy Trdcn TOW kvXptict ovcri KrjSefj.ooi yiv^TCU. TTJV & TOV f)Xiov

3 Koivrj irdvTes Tr}v crvveXevcriv 7roiovp.e6a, trrtiSr)ecTTiv fifitpa, kv fj 6 @eoy ro CTKOTOS KCU Trji> v\r]vKOCTfJiOV 7TO/77(7, KCU I^CroCy XplCTTOS 6 f)fJ.TpO$ CTCOT^/OTTJ avTfl 97/zepa e/c veKp$>v dvtcrTrj rg yap npb Trjs


79/224

.i. 65-67.] Early Christian Writers. 55for that bread and a cup of water are set forth withcertain formulae in the ceremonial of initiation, youeither know or can learn.

But we afterwards henceforth continually put each otherin mind of these things, and those of us who are wealthy 5help all that are in want, and we always remain together.And for all things that we eat we bless the Maker of allthrough His Son Jesus Christ, and through the HolySpirit. And on the so-called day of the Sun there is ameeting of all of us who live in cities or the country, and 10the memoirs ofthe Apostles or the writings of the prophetsare read, as long as time allows. Then when the readerhas ceased, the president gives by word of mouth hisadmonition and exhortation to follow these excellentthings. Afterwards we all rise at once and offer prayers ; 15and as I said, when we have ceased to pray, bread isbrought and wine and water, and the president likewiseoffers up prayers and thanksgivings to the best of hispower, and the people responds with its Amen. Thenfollows the distribution to each and the partaking of that 20for which thanks were given ; and to them that are absenta portion is sent by the hand of the deacons. Of thosethat are well to do and willing, every one gives what hewill according to his own purpose, and the collection isdeposited with the president, and he it is that succours 25orphans and widows, and those that are in want throughsickness or any other cause, and those that are in bonds,and the strangers that are sojourning, and in short he hasthe care of all that are in need. Now we all hold ourcommon meeting on the day of the Sun, because it is the 30first day, on which God changed the darkness and matterin His making of the world, and Jesus Christ our Saviouron the same day rose from the dead. For on the day


80/224

56 Selections fromKpOVLKTJS ko-TaVpa)(raV aVTOV KOL Tfl /JLtTO, TT)V KpOVLKTJV,iJTLS COTIV f)\iov rjLtepa, (fravels rofy ttTroo-roXcny avTovKal ftaOyrats k8iSat raura, dVep e/y eTnovceîv Kal v/ilv

ibid. i. 61, 65-67.

XVIII.5 Kal 6 Tptyow aTrtKpivaro H ypa(f>r] OVK

77 TrapOevos kv yaarpl XrlêraL Kal reêrcu vloi>, aXX *ISov f) vedvis kv yavrpl XrjijreTai Kal reêrcu VLQV^ KalTO, ^779 \onra coy f^qs. ecm Se 77 ndaa irpotyrjTeiaXeXeypevr) /y EgeKiav, e/y ov Kal dTroStiKWTaL diroâvra

10 Kara rr]v Trpo^rîav TavTrjv. kv Se roly TCOJ/ Aeyo-EXXijvow p.v6oi.s XeXe/crai OTL Ilp(rv$ e/c Aa-

, irapOevov ouarjs, kv ^pvcrov poptyfj ptvvavros kiravTTjv TOV Trap avrols ALQS KaXovptvov, ytyivvriTai Kalv/Jitis TO. avra eêtWiy Xeyorrey alStlcrQai oê/Xere, Kal

15 fJidXXov avQptoirov e^ dvOp^TTODV y^voêvov Xtyeiv TOVIrjcrovv TOVTOV, Kai, kdv dTroSeiKWTe d?To rS>v ypa olov TO Kal TrapaOeaOai Xeêiy, SL Siv TO ytte;TOV

15 Eg dp)(r)$ ydp vyCiv e6os ecrrt rouro, Tra^ra? (JitvTroi/ciXcoy eue/oyere^, eK/cAr/cr/cuy re TroXXats raty

Trtvtav dvatyvôvTas, tv /zeraAXofy ê a

etyoSicov, TcaTpoTrapdSoTOv edos c P(OfjLaicov Pcoftafoi Sia-0fXarro^rey, 6 01) IJLOVOV SLaTeTTJprjKev 6 fiaKapios v^S>veTTicr/coTToy IcoTrjp, dXXa Kal tirr]vriKv, ^Tnôprjya)^ pJkvTr\v SiaTrepTrofjLtvrjv Sa-^riXeiav TTJV e/y rouy ayiovs, Xoyoiy


85/224

iv29-] Early Christian Writers. 61a teacher, and puffed up with the idea that he was betterthan others. So he formed a peculiar school of his own,inventing some invisible aeons like the Valentinians, andlike Marcion and Saturninus declaring marriage to becorruption and fornication, though his argument for the 5salvation of Adam was his own/ So far Irenaeus. . . .Their former leader, however, Tatian, put together somehow or other a kind of combination and collection of theGospels, to which he gave the name of Diatessaron, whichbook is still used in some quarters. 10

Letter of Dionysius of Corinth to the Romans.MOREOVER there is current an Epistle of Dionysius

to the Romans, addressed to Soter who was then bishop.But there is nothing like quoting from it words in whichhe approves the custom of the Romans which was kept uptill the persecution of our own time, writing thus, For 15you have from the beginning this custom of doing good indivers ways to all the brethren, and sending supplies tomany churches in all the cities, in one place refreshingthe poverty of them that need, in another helping brethrenin the mines with the supplies which you have sent from 20the beginning, maintaining like Romans the traditionalcustom of the Romans, which your worthy bishop Soterhas not only kept up but increased, helping the saints withthe abundant supply he sends from time to time, and with


86/224

62 Selections fromB\ [taKapiois TOVS aviovra^ dSeXfavs, coy TtKva Trarrjp

Ev avTrj Se ravrrj Kal rrjs .KAêi/roy TT/ooy KoplvQlQVSjjLe/jLvrjTai eTnaToXT/y, SrjXcov dvtKaBtv e dpâiov eOovs

5 7Ti rfjs KKXr)

Kal 6 nv Mdirovpos Kal 6 ây/CToy ai/îy Siyeo-av eVTO>

a/z0iêaT/oco 5ta Traa-Tyy /coAao-ecoy, a>y n^Seis oAcoy ?rpo-paXXov 81 a>y 5ia TrAeioj/coi/ ^5?y KXripwTOV dvTLTraXov, Kal nepl TOV o~T(j>dvov avTovTOV dyava fyovT*?, virtfapov ndXiv Tay SiegoSovs T$>VTay e/ceto-e e/îo-êây, Kf T0i)y aVo TCOJ/


97/224

H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 73worn out by old age and disease, his life was preservedthat Christ might triumph in it. When he was broughtby the soldiers to the tribunal, accompanied by the civilmagistrates and a multitude who shouted against him inevery manner as if he were Christ himself, he bore noble 5witness. Being asked by the governor, Who was the Godof the Christians, he replied, If thou art worthy, thoushalt know/ Then he was dragged away harshly, andreceived blows of every kind. Those near him struck himwith their hands and feet, regardless of his age ; and those 10at a distance hurled at him whatever they could seize ; allof them thinking that they would be guilty of greatwickedness and impiety if any possible abuse were omitted.For thus they thought to avenge their own deities.Scarcely able to breathe, he was cast into prison and died 15after two days. . . .

After these things, finally, their martyrdoms weredivided into every form. For plaiting a crown of variouscolours and of all kinds of flowers, they presented it tothe Father. It was proper therefore that the noble 20athletes, having endured a manifold strife, and conqueredgrandly, should receive the crown, great and incorruptible.

Maturus, therefore, and Sanctus and Blandina, andAttalus were led to the amphitheatre to be exposed to thewild beasts, and to give to the heathen public a spectacle 25of cruelty, a day for fighting with wild beasts beingspecially appointed on account of our people. BothMaturus and Sanctus passed again through every tormentin the amphitheatre, as if they had suffered nothing before,or rather, as if, having already conquered their antagonist 3in many contests, they were now striving for the crownitself. They endured again the. customary running of thegauntlet and the violence of the wild beasts, and every-C4

>..-*.

B M v. at


98/224

74 Selections fromvs, Kal TrdvB ova fiaivopevos 6 8fjfj.os dXXoi

fTreftoav Kal e7re/ceAei5o*>ro, kirl TTCLCTL TTJVaiSrjpav, kv kv TO) dywvi Kal 7019 ZgcoOev ocptiaXpois Sia 7-779dStX(pfj$ TOV VTrep avTwv Eo-ravpcopevov, iva 7reio~7) TOVSnio-Tevovras ay avrov, OTL ?ray 6 VTrep r^y Xpio~Tov 56^yTraOcbv TTJV Koivcoviav del t^ei /xera TOV coj/roy Oeov.

20 Kal firjSevbs atyautvov Tore TCOV Orjpivv avr^y, KaOaipe-Otlva dnb TOV gvXov, dvtXrjQdrj ndXiv /y TTJV clpKTrjv,/y dXXov

dya>va Trjpov/j.tvrj, iva Sia TrXeiovcov yv/jLvaa/j-d-TWV viKrjo-ao-a T$> plv (TKoXiw 6(/>L dTrapaiTrjTov Troirjo-rjrfv KaTaSLKrjv, TrpoTptyrjTai Se roi)y a^A0oz)y 7) piKpa25 Kal do-Oevrjs Kal evKaTaQpovijTos, ptyav Kal a/caraya>-VLVTOV deXrjrfv Xpio-Tbv evStSvfteitr), Sia TroXXvv KXrjpcovtK^Laaaa-a TOV dvTiKtiptvov, Kal St dyS>vos TOV r^y

a(f)6apo~ia$ o~T"\lfa/jivr) o~T(bavov.O vi(TTr)Sha TO tiHrvvtiSrjTOv, eireiSr] yvrjai^ kv TTJ Xpio-Tiavf}d^L ytyv^vaa^vo^ 7>, Kal del fidpTvs tytyovei napdXrjOtias. Kal nepiaxfab KVKXv TOV d


99/224

H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 75thing which the furious people called for or desired, andat last, the iron chair in which their bodies being roasted,tormented them with the fumes. And not with this didthe persecutors cease, but were yet more mad againstthem, determined to overcome their patience. But even 5thus they did not hear a word from Sanctus except theconfession which he had uttered from the beginning.These, then, after their life had continued for a long timethrough the great conflict, were at last sacrificed, havingbeen made throughout that day a spectacle to the world, icin place of the usual variety of combats.But Blandina was suspended on a stake, and exposedto be devoured by the wild beasts who should attack her.And because she appeared as if hanging on a cross, andbecause of her earnest prayers, she inspired the combatants 15with great zeal. For they looked on her in her conflict,and beheld with their outward eyes, in the form of theirsister, Him who was crucified for them, that He mightpersuade those who believe on Him, that every one whosuffers for the glory of Christ has fellowship always with 20the living God. As none of the wild beasts at that timetouched her, she was taken down from the stake, and castagain into prison. She was preserved thus for anothercontest, that, being victorious in more conflicts, she mightmake the punishment of the crooked serpent irrevocable ; 25and, though small and weak and despised, yet clothedwith Christ the mighty and conquering Athlete, she mightarouse the zeal of the brethren, and, having overcome theadversary many times might receive, through her conflict,the crown incorruptible. 3But Attalus was called for loudly by the people, becausehe was a person of distinction. He entered the contestreadily on account of a good conscience and his genuinepractice in Christian discipline, and as he had always beena witness for the truth among us. He was led around the 35


100/224

76 Selections fromavTov npodyovTQS ev co kyiypairro

OVTOS to-Tiv MrraXoy 6 Xpicmai/oy, Kal TOV(?(f)68pa (T^ptycovTOS CTT* CLVTW, fiaOcbv 6 rjye/JLtov on Pa>-/JLCLIOS tdTlV, K\V(TV OLVTOV dfaXrj(/)&fjvai jJLeTO, Kal TtoV

5 \Oi7TMV TCOV l> Tfl ttpKTf) OVTWV, 7Tpl 3)l> 7r(rTei\ TO)Katvapi, KOL 7rpi/jti rr\v airofyaviv rrjv air Kivov.

CO Se 8ia/ji(TOV Kaipbs OVK dpybs avrois ovSe a/cap7royey/Wro, aXXa Sib rfjs vTrofjLovfjs avT&v TO a/zeeXeos dv(paivTO XpivTov. Sia yap T$>V

10 TTOLOVVTO ra vtKpd, KOL /zapripey rots /JLTJ pdpTva-ivQVTQ. KOI eveyivero TroXXrj \(x,pa rfj TrapOwa*

ovs cos vtKpovs e|erpa)o-e, TOVTOVS ^coi/ra? dSL tKCLVtov yap ol TrXeiovs rcov rjpv-rjfJLevtoKOI dvKVl(TKOVTO KCU dvtfoTTVpOVVTO, KCU

15 o/zoXoyelj/,KOL

^cot/rey rjSrjKOLL

reroi/oo/zej/otTO) ftrjfjiaTi, tyyXvKaivOVTOS TOV TOV fitv OdvaTOv TOVfj.rj ftovXofjLevov, eirl 8e TTJV ptTdvoiav \pr)(T-@eov, riva KOL ndXiv 7repa)Tr)6a)(nv VTTO TOVeTrio-re/Xayro? yap TOV Kaiaapos rouy p*v

20 dTroTVfjLTrai/KrOfjvai, el 8e TIV$ dpvoivTO, TOVTOVS CLTCO-XvOfjvai, TTJS evOdSe Travrjyvpecos, (ecrri 8e avTrj noXv-di>0pa)7ro$ fK irai Tcw t6v$>v (rvvp)(ofjievQ)v e/y avTrjv,)dpxo/j.tvrjs y 8e XOLTTOVS7re^7Tv e/y Orjpia.E8odgTO 8e yueyaXcoy o Xpt(rroy tirl roty Trporepor

dpvr)o-afjLvoL$, rore Trapa TTJV T&V kftv&v virovoiav30 6fjLoXoyova-L. Kal yap iSia OVTOL dvrjTagovTO, coy SfjQtv

diroXvBrja-ofjLevoL. Kal dfjioXoyovvTts TrpocrtTiOevTO TCOT, olTTCOTTOTC TTibrecoy, //^cSe aicr6r)6/3oy &eov crôi/rey, dXXa Kal Sta Trjs

dvao~Tpo(f)rjs avT&v /SAacr^T/LtovvTes T*)Z> 686v, TOVTZVTLVol viol rfjs aTTCoAefay. oi 8e \onrol TTOLVTZS Trj KK\rjo iaTrpoo eTtOrjo-av S>v Kal dveTaôLLtvoav^ AXeav8p6s rty,

5 $pi>g LLV TO ytvos, larpbs 8e TTJV tTria-Trjftrjv, TroAAofrereo-ii/ kv rats FaXXiaLS SiaTpfyas, Kal yi/coo-roy cr^SbvTTOLCTL SLO, rrjv Trpoy TOV Qeov ayaTrrjv Kal TrapprjviavTOV Xoyov (r\v yap Kal OVK a/zoi/ooyâyo/cr/zaro?), Trapeo-ra)? rToi>s Trpbs TTJV 6p.oXoyiav, fyavepos T\V TOISecrrTy/cocri ro (3fjfjLa tcxnrep (LSivtov. dyavaKTrjaavTes 5eoi 6)(Xoi enl rco rou? irpoTtpov rjpvr)fjii>ovs avOis opoXo-ytiv, KarefSoria-av TOV AXedv8pov, coy tKewov TOVTOTTOiovvTos. Kal iTTio-TTJcravTOS TOV ^ye/zoroy Kal ai/era-

15 aavTos avTov, OO~TIS etr], TOV Se rjo-ai Tos OTI(Xpio-Tiavos,tv opyfj ytvopevos, KaTeKpivev avTov Trpbs Oqpia Kal Ty

eTriovo-r) tla-fjXOe /zera Kal TOV ATTaXov. Kal yap KalTOV "ATTaXov TO) o)(Xa) âpi^6fjLôs 6 f]yefta)i> eêc?cu/ceirdXiv Trpoy OrjpLa. oi Kal Sia irdvTtov SitXQovTts T&V kv

20 TO) dfjL(j)L6edTp(p Trpbs Ko\aariv ^vprjfj,ei/(ov opydvoov, Kalp-tyivTov viroiJLeLvavTts dyaiva, TovvyaTov eTvOrja-av KalavTOt TOV p.\v AXe^dvSpov /j.rJT crTtvdâvTos yuTireypvâvTos TL 6Acoy, aAAa /cara KapStav 6p,L\ovvTOS TQ>

ea). d Se "ATTaXos OTTOTC tirl 7779 (nSrjpas 7rTe6rj25 KaOtSpas Kal TrepitKaitTO, fjvtKa rj dirb TOV

Kvto-o-a ai/eêpero, t(f>r] irpos TO TrXfjOo? TTJ(/XOvfj, I8ov} TOVTO kvTIV dvOptoTTOVS dLLV ) 7TOlttTvpels rj/

Gwatkin. Selections from early writers illustrative of church history to the time of Constantine. 1897.

Documents