GULU - OYAM TOCHI WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLAN Wetland... · Data/information about the wetland ecology and social-economic values, Wetland wise use principles better understood by community

WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLANGULU - OYAM TOCHI

2014

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA


2014


WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLAN |GULU – OYAM TOCHI WETLAND |

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APPROVAL viLIST OF ACRONYMS viiACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viiiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix

PART ONE: GENERAL DESCRIPTION 12CHAPTER ONE: LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR WETLAND MANAGEMENT IN UGANDA 131.1 Legal and Policy Framework 131.1.1 National framework 131.1.2 International framework 141.2 Institutional Framework 141.2.1 Ministry of Water and Environment 141.2.2 The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) 141.2.3. Wetlands Management Department (WMD) 141.2.4 District Local Government 141.2.5 Local community resource users and stakeholders: 14

CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF WETLANDS 152.1 General 152.2 Description of Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland system 152.2.1 Location 152.2.2 Biophysical features 162.2.2.1 Topography 162.2.2.2 Soils 172.2.2.3 Hydrology 172.2.2.4 Climate 172.2.3 Ecological features 172.2.3.1 Flora 172.2.3.2 Fauna 182.2.4 Socio-economic situations 182.2.4.1 Ethnicity 182.2.4.2 Population density 182.2.4.3 Land Use 192.2.4.4 Water use 192.2.4.5 Hunting 192.2.4.6 Fishing 192.2.4.7 Vegetation/forests use 19

PART TWO: PLANNING 20CHAPTER THREE: MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS AND PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS 213.1 Purpose of the management plan 213.2 Target area 213.3 Planning process 213.4 Wetland management planning considerations 213.4.1 Ecological and socio-economic values 213.4.2 Threats 223.4.3 Management problems 223.4.4 Management requirements 25

TABLE OF CONTENTS


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3.4.5 The role of wetland stakeholders 253.4.5.1 Mapping Stakeholders 253.4.5.2 Relationship between stakeholders and wetland resources 263.4.5.3 Stakeholderinfluence 263.5 Priorities for management interventions 27

PART THREE: WETLAND MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES 28CHAPTER FOUR: VISIONING AND SETTING OBJECTIVES 29

4.1 Long term Vision for Tochi wetland system 29

4.2 Overall management objective 29

4.3 Logical framework 29

4.4 Management interventions and actions 30

PART FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION 33CHAPTER FIVE: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND ARRANGEMENTS 345.1 Implementation Plan 345.2 Implementation structure of the management plan 40

CHAPTER SIX: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE PLAN 41

Annex 1: People or Institutions consulted during preparartion of the Management plan 45APPENDIX 1: CATEGORIZATION OF THE ISSUES 46

APPENDIX 2: STAKEHOLDER MATRIX 48

FiguresFigure 1: Map showing location of Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland System 16

List of TablesTable 1: Demographic fact sheet for Sub-Counties housing Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland system 19Table 2: Problem analysis 23Table 3: Stakeholder mapping and analysis 25Table 4: Stakeholder resource relationship 26Table5:Stakeholderinfluenceranking 26Table 6: Priority issues for management plan 27Table 7: The logframe matrix 29Table 8: Management action 30Table 9: Four year rolling management plan for Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system 35Table 10: Composition of Implementation Committee 40Table11:Thesimplifiedversionoflogicalframeworkformonitoringandevaluation 41


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The Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland Management Plan has been reviewed by the Stakeholders, Local governments of Aber, Acaba, Ngai, Minakulu and Myene (Oyam Districts) and Ongako, Bobi, Koro, Layibi Division, Lakwana and Abok (Gulu District), Gulu District Local Government and Oyam District Local Government and approved for implementation.

……………………………………… ………………………………………..District Chairperson District Chairperson Gulu District Local Government Oyam District Local Government

Witnessed by

…………………………………………Mr. Collins OloyaCommissioner for WetlandsWetlands Management Department Ministry of Water and Environment

APPROVAL


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LIST OF ACRONYMS

BATBP British American Tobacco Biodiversity PartnershipBATU British American Tobacco UgandaCBO Community Based OrganizationCDO CommunityDevelopmentOfficerDAO DistrictAgricultureOfficerDDP District Development PlanDEO DistrictEnvironmentOfficerDFO DistrictForestOfficerDHI District Health InspectorDPP Director of Public Prosecution DVO DistrictVeterinaryOfficerDWAP District Wetland Action PlanDWO DistrictWaterOfficerEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentENR Environment and Natural ResourcesFAO Food and Agricultural OrganizationKAP Knowledge, Attitude and PracticeLC Local CouncilLGA Local Government ActLGDPF Local Government Development Programme FundMoFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic DevelopmentMoU Memorandum of UnderstandingMWE Ministry of Water and EnvironmentNEA National Environment ActNEMA National Environment Management AuthorityNFA National Forest AuthorityNGO Non - Governmental OrganizationNU NaturegandaPRDP Peace Recovery and Development Programme PWMC Parish Wetland Management CommitteeTBA Tropical Biology AssociationTT Tree TalkWMD Wetland Management DepartmentWMP Wetland Management Plan


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The Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland Management Plan was developed by communities and stakeholders around the wetland system with technical support provided by Natureganda (NU), Tree Talk (TT) and British American Tobacco Uganda (BATU) under The British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership (BATBP) Uganda Operational Project – Addressing sustainable management for biodiversity and ecosystem services in tobacco growing regions of Northern Uganda. The project was coordinated by Tropical Biology Association (TBA), Cambridge and implemented during 2012-2015 by NU and TT in collaboration with BATUandotherstakeholderswiththefinancialassistancefromBATBP.

The preparation of this management plan was supported by the technical staff of the Wetlands Management Department and Oyam and Gulu Districts Local Governments. The communities around the Gulu-Oyam Tochi, stakeholders and political leadership of the two District Local Governments of Gulu and Oyam provided information about the wetlands management issues and views on the management and conservation strategies.

We wish to recognize all the contributions and support provided by all institutions and individuals at all stages of preparation of the Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland Management Plan.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Management Plan for Gulu–Oyam Tochi wetland system was developed under the British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership (BATBP) Uganda Project that was implemented in the Mid-northern region of Uganda with the aim to address sustainable management for biodiversity and ecosystem services in tobacco growing regions of Uganda. The project was coordinated by Tropical Biology Association (TBA), Cambridge and implemented by Nature UgandaandTreeTalkfrom2012-2015incollaborationwithstakeholderswiththefinancialassistance from BATBP). The plan will be implemented over a four year period effective 2015 until 2018.

The development of management plan was started with literature review of socio-economic and ecological information about the mid-north region and biodiversity surveys. It was undertaken mainly in the districts of Gulu (Lakwana and Lalogi Sub Counties) and Oyam (Ngai, and Iceme Sub Counties) where tobacco growing is one of the main agricultural practices. The finding of the literature review and studies revealed potential negativeimpacts of tobacco growing alongside other agricultural and non-agricultural activities on wetlands ecosystem and biodiversity status. The likely impact include displacement due to wetland drainage and depletion of wetland biomass used during tobacco curing, among others, thus depriving the population the food and plant resources derived from wetlands. These impacts would therefore require tradeoffs interventions with potential to balance biodiversity conservation with people’s livelihood.

The tradeoffs had to be initiated through engagement with local communities and Local Government leadership that operate within the districts. A series of consultative meetings were therefore held at community, lower and District Local Government levels. The meetings generated list of stakeholders, resources and issues of concerns to wetlands ecosystem, biodiversity and how the duo relate to livelihoods. The community proposals to the issues were further enriched with Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) surveys undertaken in the leaf growing area of the Mid-North. These were prioritized to generate action points that were formulated into the Management Plan.

TheManagementPlanthereforeprovidessignificantopportunitiestogeneratewealthaswell as promote the conservation of biodiversity and wetlands ecosystem. The proposals include a range of activities that strengthen structures that govern and regulate the use of natural resources, create knowledge and information, support livelihoods forms that offset over use of natural resources as well as increase biodiversity stock within the project area (selected Sub-Counties of Gulu and Oyam, Districts).

The management plan was formulated with an ambitious vision as generated by the community;meanttoreflectwhatthecommunitywouldwanttoseeinGulu-OyamTochiwetland system after the implementation of the proposed restoration strategies. The vision for Tochi wetland community resource management plan is therefore “A wetland system managed to provide sustainable benefits to both the community and the environment”.

The overall objective of the management plan is to promote the conservation of Tochi wetland system to sustain its ecological and socio-economic functions by 2017.

Thespecificobjectivesare:a. To strengthen institutional capacity for Tochi wetland management.b. To enhance the integrity/functionality/productivity of Tochi wetland.c. To promote public education and awareness on utilization and management of Tochi

wetland.d. To enhance enforcement of policies and legislations on Tochi wetland.


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Table 1: Successful implementation of the plan will deliver the following results and outputs:

Objective Results Outputs

To strengthen Institutional capacity for Tochi wetland management.

Capacity for wetland management at district, sub-county and community levels

Political leadership (Environment Committees at district and sub-county) with capacity to plan and guide wetland management,Wetland management structures at sub-county and community levels, andWetland resources promoting wetland conservation and wise use activities

To enhance the integrity/functionality/productivity of Tochi wetland.

Improved ecological integrity of Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland systems

Wise use of wetland resourcesRestored degraded portions of the wetlandSustainable land management activities in the catchment Wetland boundaries established and respected

Wetland resources providing social-economic values sustainably

Sustainable livelihoods derived from wetland resources useEnhanced awareness and appreciation of wetland values

To promote public education and awareness on utilization and management of Tochi wetland.

Wetland resources and their values better understood

Data/information about the wetland ecology and social-economic values,Wetland wise use principles better understood by community and wetland resources users, andWetland policies and regulatory frameworks better understood by all stakeholders.

To enhance enforcement of policies and legislations on Tochi wetland.

Compliance with wetland policy and legislation

Bylaws for regulating wetland resources protection and use,Incentive measures for compliance and compliance monitoring, andCapacity for enforcing wetland regulations and monitoring compliance.

Financial resources required to implement the management plan will be mobilized through collaborative partnership between local government and development/donor partners. The support from Government of Uganda will be handled according to the Conditional Grant Guidelines either for Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) or Peace Recovery and Development Project (PRDP). These are two budget lines from Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) that are disbursed as Conditional Grants from Government Treasury to District Local Government for implementation of activities as provided for in the respective Guidelines.

TheGrantunderEnvironmentandNaturalResourcehaveguidelinesthatdefinedprioritiesfor wetland management, and the PRDP grant also support components of environment andtheLocalGovernmentsofGuluandOyamareallbeneficiaries.However,itisimportantto note that the selected priorities are not implemented as standalone programs or projects, but must be integrated into the District Development Plan (DDP).

The implementation of this plan will be monitored and evaluated using indicators developed in Table 8 by monitoring groups comprised of:


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a. Community User groups: will monitor Sub-County level activities supported by District Local Government Staff

b. Members of inter-district authorities of Oyam and Gulu: will monitor activities, inputs and output achievements in their respective areas

c. Relevant institutions, such as Ministry of Water and Environment through Wetland Management Department, NEMA and NFA will monitor conformity with the standards and relevance to existing policies and guidelines for Environment and Natural Resources.

d. The Implementation Committee will monitor and evaluate overall performance and impact of the intervention on biodiversity status, community livelihoods and the general environmental requirements.

PART ONE: GENERAL DESCRIPTION


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CHAPTER ONE: LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR WETLAND MANAGEMENT IN UGANDA

1.1 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK1.1.1 National framework

a) Principal legislationThe Constitution of Uganda (amended 2005) provides for protection of wetland as national resource. Principle XIII (Protection of Natural Resources) provides for protection of natural resources, including wetlands.

b) PoliciesThe key policies related to the management and uses of wetlands in Uganda include the National Environmental Policy 1994 and the National Wetland Policy 1995. Both National Environmental Policy and the National Wetland Policy empower local governments and communities to protect and manage wetlands and resources therein.

The National Environment Management Policy for Uganda emphasizes sustainable social and economic development that enhances environmental quality and resource productivity. This emphasis sets the benchmark for sustainability in which the needs of present generations are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The National Wetlands Policy emphasizes on wise use and sustainable management of wetlands and wetland resources. The Policy provides principles for wise use of wetland resources and stakeholders participation in planning and management of wetland resources at the national and local levels. The National Wetland Policy aims at curtailing rampant loss ofwetlands resources and ensures that benefits fromwetlands are sustainable andequitably distributed to all people of Uganda. The overall aim of the National Wetland Policy is to promote the wise use and conservation of Uganda’s wetlands in order to sustain the ecologicalandsocio-economicfunctions.Morespecificallystrategy7.1(i)stipulatesthat,there will be no drainage of wetlands from development activities unless more important environmental management requirements supersede. Thus, non-destructive uses of the wetlands and their surroundings are therefore permitted and these include water supply, fisheries,wetlandedgegardeningandgrazing.Drainageofwetlandsisnotallowedunlessmore important environment management requirements supersede. The policy also makes provision for the restoration of drained wetlands, whereby the Government may require the wetland abuser or to fully or partially rehabilitate a wetland after the lease.

c) LegislationWetland conservation is provided for in the National Environment act, cap 153, the Land Act, cap 227 and Local Government Act 1997. The National Environment Act Cap 153, Section 36(1) restrict the use of wetlands and prohibits destructive activities such as reclamation or drainage of wetlands, erection, construction, placement of any structure and equally emphasizes wise concepts. The Local Government Act (1997) decentralizes the powers and mandate over services and activities, which include the management of wetlands from central government to the district level. Under decentralization districts are responsible for managing the wetlands within their jurisdiction. Local Governments are required to identify critical wetland areas and take appropriate actions for conservation and management; carry out wetland assessment and co-ordinate wetland management including enforcement of legislation relevant to wetland management. The Land Act Cap.


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227 provide that Government or a local government shall not lease out or otherwise alienate any natural resource referred to in this section”. This implies that it would be illegal to lease out a wetland for ownership or development but would be legally appropriate to plan for its sustainable management.

1.1.2 International frameworkThe principal international framework for wetlands conservation and management is the Ramsar Convention of 1971. The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty which provides a framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation andwiseuseofwetlandsandtheir resources.Ugandaratifiedtheconventionon4th July 1988 and therefore has obligation to promote wise use and protection of wetland and their resources.

1.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK1.2.1 Ministry of Water and EnvironmentThe Ministry of Water and Environment is responsible for the protection and conservation of wetlands of Uganda.

1.2.2 The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), a semi-autonomous, self-accounting corporate body under the Ministry of Water and Environment is the principal agency in Uganda for overseeing the management of the environment and co-ordinates, monitors and supervises all activities in the environment sector.

1.2.3. Wetlands Management Department (WMD)The mandate of the Wetlands Management Department (WMD) (under the Ministry of Water and Environment) is to promote the conservation of Uganda’s wetlands in order to sustain their ecological and socio-economic functions for the present and future well-being of the people. As such, the WMD exercises stewardship over the wetlands in Uganda. It has the delegated responsibility and authority to uphold the wetland related clauses in the Constitution (amended 2005) and implement the National Wetlands Policy (1995). WMD is responsible for setting standards, formulating policy and providing technical support for wetland management.

1.2.4 District Local GovernmentsThe Local Governments have mandate of managing wetlands within their jurisdiction. Local Governments are required to identify critical wetland areas and take appropriate actions for conservation and management, including enforcement of legislation relevant to wetland management. Districts perform this function through the Environment Committees and technical departments.

1.2.5 Local community resource users and stakeholders: The local communities are the primary resource users and wetland managers. This responsibility is exercised through local councils and administrative components like, the Parish and Sub-County units, which are required to plan and implement management alternatives and actions for wetlands conservation and wise use of wetland resources. The resource users are the architect of the issues generated in formulating the management plan.


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2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WETLANDS

According to the National Wetlands Policy (1995), the term wetland refers to an area where plantsandanimalshavebecomeadaptedtotemporaryorpermanentfloodingbysaline,brackishorfreshwater.Theyincludeareasofseasonallyfloodedgrasslands,swampforest,permanentlyfloodedpapyrus,grassswampanduplandbogs.

Globally, wetlands constitute one of the most sensitive, biologically productive and vital ecosystems in the world. It covers 5% of the earth’s ice-free land surface (Maltby, 1988). In East Africa, Uganda has the largest percentage of wetland coverage. For example, Kenya has 4% of the total land cover, Tanzania has 7% (Maltby, 1988; Bakema at el, 2000); and Uganda currently has about 10.9% as revealed by Wetland mapping carried out in 2008. This is however, much lower than the 13% revealed from the data set of 1994.

2.2 DESCRIPTION OF GULU-OYAM TOCHI WETLAND SYSTEM2.2.1 Location

The Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland systems lies in Gulu and Oyam districts traversing through the Sub-Counties of Aber, Acaba, Ngai, Minakulu and Myene (Oyam district) and Ongako, Bobi, Koro, Layibi Division, Lakwana and Abok (Gulu District) (Figure 1).

CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF WETLANDS


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Figure 1: Map showing location of Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetlan

d System

2.2.2 Biophysical features 2.2.2.1 Topography The relief of mid-north largely consists of complex low landscape with relatively uniform topography marked by few sharp contrasts. Generally, the altitude ranges between 1,000 -1,300 meters above sea level.


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2.2.2.2 Soils AccordingtoLangland’s(1974)classifications,thesoilconsistsofferruginoussoilwithahighpercentage of sandy soils and therefore susceptible to erosion. Due to its sandy nature, the soilhaslowwaterretentioncapacityandhighrateofwaterinfiltration.Thesoilsareusuallydeepwithlittledifferentiationintoclearlydefinedzonesandpossessfinegranularstructure,others molded into large, weak coherent clods that are very porous.

2.2.2.3 HydrologyThe up and down warping of underground rocks accompanied by faulting, shearing and jointing has influenced the drainage pattern in the region to form a dendrite drainagepattern. Most rivers and streams are responsible for the formation of this drainage pattern. ThemajordrainagesystemsarethoseflowingintotheR.NileandKyogasystem.

ThewaterinGulu-OyamTochiwetlandsystemcanbedescribedasfreshcontinuouslyflowingwaterthatisnaturallyfilteredbythewetlandvegetation.However,thereisincreasinglevelsof contamination with soil, pesticides and other forms of pollutants due to waste dumping.

2.2.2.4 Climate The type of climate experienced in mid-north consists of dry and wet seasons. The average total rainfall received is 1,500 mm per annum with the monthly average rainfall varying between 1.4 mm in January and 230 mm in August. Normally the wet season extends from April to November with the highest peaks during May, August and October, while the dry season begins in November and extends up to March. The average maximum temperature is 50oC and the minimum being 18oC. Relative humidity is high during the wet season and low in the dry season. Rainfall is convectional and mostly occurs in the afternoons and evenings. Occasional hailstorms and prolonged droughts that cause tremendous damage to crops also occur.

2.2.3 Ecological featuresThe ecological characteristics of Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system are described in form of flora, fauna. This description is based on available information that is deemednot comprehensive. The management plan recommends ecological surveys to address information gaps.

2.2.3.1 Floraa) General descriptionThe original vegetation in the mid-north as classified by Langlands (1974) consists ofintermediate savannah grassland. The vegetation type is characterized by open canopy of treesof10-12metershighandunderlyinggrassesof80centimetershigh.Thetreesarefireresistantandarethereforeabletoregenerateafterbeingburntbyfire.Thecommontreespecies here include; Acacia, Ficus Natalensis, Contyetum, Banasus, Aethicpum (Fanpalm) while the common grasses include; Imperata cylindrica, Hypemaria rufa, Digitaria scalarum. There are also some herbs like Bidens pilosa, Ageralum coinzolds, Amaranthus species and Lantana camara. However, there is increasing coverage of introduced plant species such as eucalyptus, Jacaranda, Cupressus, Theruvaian, Pines, Hibscus, Bougainvillea and Flamboyant.

b) Wetland vegetationThefloraofGulu-OyamTochiwetlandcanbedividedintothreedifferentkinds.

i) The permanently flooded wetland vegetationThedominantvegetationinthepermanentlyfloodedareainGulu-OyamTochiwetlandaremacrophytes such as Cyperus papyrus, Typha latifolia, Water lilies, Vocia spp, and a number of sedges that are water tolerant.


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About half of the Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system comprises of permanent wetlands (e.g. Alee, Minakulu and Apiojok) and the other half is seasonal wetlands. Open water is common in Alee and Apiojok. The rest of the wetlands in Gulu–Oyam Tochi wetland system are covered by grass.

Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system found in the north of the district is a permanent system. Openwateriscommonbutmostpartofitsareaisoccupiedbygrass.ItflowsthroughtheSub-Counties of Ngai, Iceme, Acaba, Minakulu and Aber then drains into Victoria Nile.

The Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system like others observed above has many tributaries which include: Ocen, Irem, Okoroo, Amiene in Minakulu Sub-County; Apiojok, Ayami and Achet through Otwal, Iceme and Achaba Sub-Counties, Akoko, Oloi and Akao in Minakulu sub-county.

ii) Thickets on termite mountsThickets on termite mounts are scattered throughout the stretch of Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland. The dominant trees on the termite mounts include Phoenix reclinata, Grewia spp, Pilostingma thoningi and Ziziphus absynica and Acacia species. Dry land grass species are not very common in these thickets on the termite mounds except Panicum maximum.

iii) Open grassland/woodland areaThese are areas transitional between the wetland and dry land around Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland. They are composed of a mixture of long grasses (Hyparhernia spp, Panicum spp) and tree species that includes a number of Acacia spp, Combretum spp. These are important grazing grounds for communities along Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system. A number of short grasses in this transitional area are important nesting sites for the crested crane and a number of other birds in the area.

2.2.3.2 Faunaa) MammalsThere are few populations of large animals in Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system. They include the Water buck, Edible rat, Duikers, Squirrels and Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekeii). There are occasional sightings of Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious).

b) FishThemostcommonfishspeciesinGulu-OyamTochiwetlandsystemincludeslungfish,mudfish,tilapia spp and haplochromis.Outofthesevariousspeciesoffish,thelungfishandmudfisharethemostdominantandheavilyfishedbycommunitiesaroundthewetland.

c) BirdsThe most common birds in Tochi wetland system include Sacred Ibis, Cattle Egrets, Yellow billed Egrets, Yellow-billed duck, Swallows, Black Crake and the Red-billed Quellea. In some areas that are relatively intact, Grey Crowned Crane, and Herons are relatively common.

2.2.4 Socio-economic situations

2.2.4.1 EthnicityThe inhabitants around Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system are dominated by Acholi and Lango ethnic groups.

2.2.4.2 Population densityThe current population density in Gulu and Oyam is one of the lowest in Uganda, but it is believed to be increasing fast. According to the Census data of 2002, the population growth in the project area stands at 4.5% per annum. Majority of the population is rural (>80%) being involved in subsistence agriculture (Table 1).


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Table 1: Demographic fact sheet for Sub-Counties housing Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland system

COUNTY

SUB-COUNTY POPULATION (CENSUS 2002)

MALE FEMALE TOTAL

OYAM Acaba 15,004 15,975 30,979

Ngai 17,470 17,573 35,043

Aber 25,091 26,582 51,673

Minakulu 20,177 20,402 40,579

Iceme 16,251 15,831 32,082

GULU Ongako 7,166 7,194 14,360

Bobi 8,375 8,345 16,720

Koro 8,886 9,265 18,151

Lakwana 6,431 6,957 13,388 Source: (Population and Housing Census report, 2002)

2.2.4.3 Land UseLanduse inandaroundGulu-OyamTochiwetlandsystem ishighlydiversified. Themajorforms of land uses are agriculture (crop cultivation, animal rearing (cattle, goats, pigs and sheep)andfishfarming),humansettlements,brickmakingandsandmining.Fishfarming,horticultural practices, grazing of cattle, goats and sheep dominate in Oyam district. Tobacco and rice cultivation, settlement, brick making and sand mining dominate in Gulu district. Over-all, cultivation of wetlands for production of rice and horticultural crops (tomatoes, cabbages and other green vegetables) dominates a cross the Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system.

The economy of Gulu and Oyam Districts is largely based on agriculture. About 82% of the total population derives their livelihoods from mixed farming. Production is at subsistence level with rudimentary method of production, which has often resulted into annual food shortages especially between April and June. The problem of poor production in and around Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetlands catchment is compounded by lack of enough land, unpredictable rains, pests and diseases.

2.2.4.4 Water useThe water from the Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system is primarily used by the communities for domestic use, watering livestock and construction works. The communities that are farming inthewetlandalsotapthewatertosupporttheiragriculturalproductionandincludefishfarming.

2.2.4.5 HuntingCommunal hunting in the wetland is a very common practice in Oyam district. The hunting is usually preceded by burning of the wetland vegetation mainly in the dry season. Commonly hunted animals include Edible rats and Sitatungas.

2.2.4.6 FishingInOyamdistrict, fishing in thewetland isnormallydoneduring thedry seasonwhen thewater in some part of the wetland has receded. The activity is commonly done by youth (boys)andwomen.Mostcommonlycaughtfishincludemudfishandlungfish.

2.2.4.7 Vegetation/forests useThe vegetation in and around Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetlands are of critical importance to the surrounding communitiesofthetwodistricts.Theseinclude:buildingpoles,firewood,medicineandcraftmaterials.Some communities practicing apiculture which use the existing vegetation for siting their bee hives.

PART TWO: PLANNING


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3.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANAGEMENT PLANThe propose of preparing management plan for Gulu-Oyam Tochi Wetland system is to provide a common goal and management objectives and interventions to the local governments, stakeholders and communities for the conservation and management of the wetland resources therein. Therefore, the management plan is a tool for facilitating and guiding wetland conservation and wise use of resources.

3.2 TARGET AREAThe management plan targets Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system which is faced with challenges from tobacco, sun flower, sugar cane and rice growing in its catchment.Tobacco growing poses greater challenges because of the extensive land coverage as well as its intensive use of wood biomass during tobacco curing. As population continues to grow, the carrying capacity of land becomes exceeded and more farmers extend the cultivation towards wetlands. This requires the management planning especially for sections of wetland that fall within tobacco growing communities.

3.3 PLANNING PROCESSThe preparation of the Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland management plan was done in participatory manner involving all stakeholders at local/community and district levels at various stages of preparing the management plan mainly in form of consultations (Annex 1:List of people/institutions who participated in consultations) . The planning process involved the following steps:

a. Designing the planning methodology and process b. Introducing the planning concept to the Local governments, technical departments

and communityc. Convening stakeholder consultations and feedback platforms (meetings, workshops)d. Technical assessment of wetland issues and compilation of the management planse. Reviewing and endorsement of the draft Management plans by stakeholdersf. Approval of the management Plan.

3.4 WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONSThe planning process took into account the following considerations highlighted in subsequent sections.

3.4.1 Ecological and socio-economic valuesThe Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system is an important resource to environment and social economic benefits to the people in mid-northern Uganda. As indicated in section 2.2,the wetland system houses important biodiversity and is an important source of natural resources supporting livelihoods, economic aspirations of the neighbouring communities and stakeholders (Section 2.2). However, the assessment of the current state (ecological condition and size) depict a declining trend due to current levels and types of wetland resourcesuseswhicharenotonlyinconflictwithwetlandwiseuseprinciplesbutalsoexertspressure on the wetland resources. This declining trend needs to be halted or reversed in order to ensure sustainable provision of these ecological and socioeconomic values for the benefitofenvironmentandpeopleslivelihoodsandeconomicaspiration.

CHAPTER THREE: MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS AND PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS


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3.4.2 ThreatsThe Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system is faced with threats that need to be addressed and ensure continued existence of the wetland and sustainable supply of wetland resources. The following are the major threats: a. Commercial agriculture: Information derived from biodiversity and socio-economic

surveys undertaken by Nature Uganda (Nature Uganda Report,2013) on tobacco growing in the mid-north of Uganda indicates that there are likely impacts of commercial agriculture suchas rice, sugar cane, sunflowerand tobaccogrowingand other land uses on wetland biodiversity and wetland resources. This involves use of insecticides and fertilizers which often pollute wetland waters; thus depriving wetlands of many of their functions. Tobacco growing is one of the recognized contributors to loss of wetlands habitats due to wetland conversion and forest cover due to harvesting biomass for tobacco curing.

b. Poor land management practices: The catchment for the Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system is faced with increased soil erosion due to poor farming practices which results in land degradation and siltation of rivers and wetlands. The effects of land and wetland degradation on livelihoods and biodiversity are not recognized at local levels.Thisprovidesstrongjustificationfortheneedtobalancelivelihoodsupportwithbiodiversity conservation. Agricultural activities, mainly crop agriculture is often done up to the streams and inside wetlands.

c. Increasing population and human pressures on wetland resources: The drainage and destruction of wetland vegetation is not only limited to intensive crop cultivation but also to mushrooming growth of rural centers such as Town Boards, Town Councils and Municipalities (NEMA, 2006). This has resulted in increased pressures and utilization of wetland resource’s for establishing settlements (clay, sand) and energy needs in form of fuelwood and charcoal.

d. Low levels of awareness on importance of wetland conservation and wise use: The threat of population pressures is further compounded by limited public awareness and appreciation of dangers of poor natural resource management, over utilization of wood biomass, alarming rate of encroachment and poor land use management. Therefore, there is need for raising the knowledge of wetland resources users on the need to balance improvement of livelihoods through the resource use with conservation.

3.4.3 Management problemsThrough stakeholder consultations during the formulation of this management plan, site specificproblemshavebeenidentified(Table2).Theyencompass:Paddyrice,Sugarcaneand Tobacco cultivation; limited functionality of local environment committee; poor water quality; Open pits due to Clay/sand quarrying; Political interference; Over grazing; Reduction inwater volumes; Populationpressure; Landconflicts; Reduction inwetland size; Loss ofbiodiversity;Deforestation;Bushburning;Poorwastedisposal;Pollutionand;Depletionoffishspecies. Details are presented in Appendix 1.


23August, 2014

Table 2: Problem analysis

No. Threats Location Causes Solutions

1 Political interference

All the sub-counties

Protection of voters interests, and Ignorance of some politicians

Sensitization of local leaders

2 Paddy rice and sugar cane cultivation

BobiLakwana Ngai MinakuluAchabaMyeneKamdiniAber

Sustainability of the crops to wetlands conditions, Lack of alternative crops sustainable for upland cultivation, and Not aware of the guidelines for wetland edge gardening

Promotion of upland rice cultivation, Sensitization of wetland users, and Introduction of livestock

3 Loss of biodiversity

All the S/Cs adjacent to Tochi

Hunting, Burning of wetlands, Cutting trees, and Clay extraction

Promotion of alternative, Livestock project, Sensitization on conservation measures, and Enactment and enforcement of by-laws /ordinances

4 Reduction in wetland size


Destruction of wetlands vegetation, Cultivation, Siltation,Digging trenches along the wetlands, andWaste disposals

Sensitization, Demarcating wetland boundaries, Restoration of wetlands, and Re-vegetation of degraded river banks

5 Limited functionality of local environment committee

All S/Cs Limited funding, Lack of support,Lack of awareness/knowledge on roles and responsibilities, and Absence of organized resource user groups

Provisionoffinancialsupport, Training on the roles and responsibilities, and Formation and training of resource user groups

6 Poor water quality

All S/Cs adjacent to Tochi

Poor Waste disposal methods, Use of agro-chemicals Siltation/erosion, Badfishingmethodse.g.poison, and Establishment of car washing bays

Sensitization, Better method of waste disposals, Introduction of organic farming River bank restoration (planting vegetation) Enforcementoffisherieslegislation, and Pretreatment of waste water and carrying out EIA before establishment of car washing bays.

7 Over grazing Along the entire stream

Over stocking, Prolonged droughts, Water sources, Accessibility, and Shortage of land for grazing

Regulation of grazing, and Sensitization of people on the stocking rate of animals and alternative methods of grazing


24 August, 2014

No. Threats Location Causes Solutions

8 Open pits due to sand/clay quarrying

Aber LakwanaKamdini Bobi

Non-enforcement of Extraction guidelines,Lack of knowledge of regulations, andLack of will to restore

Sensitization of community and politicians, Enforce the guidelines, & Formation and enforcement of by-laws

9 Reduction in water volumes

All the stretch of Tochi

Unreliable rainfall patterns,Siltation, and Wetland reclamation

Restoration, Tree planting, and Demarcation of wetlands

10 Population pressure

Entire length of the stream

High rate of fertility,Cultural beliefs, and Displacement of people close to wetlands (camps)Ignorance

Family planning, and Sensitization

11 Landconflicts Entire length of the stream

Land tenure system,Land grabbing, Uncertainty of wetland boundary, and Ignorance on ownership, access and uses

Sensitization on land tenure system and wetland statutes

12 Depletion of fishspecies

Entire length of the system

Overfishing Restrictedfishing

Poorfishingmethod(fishinggearse.g.spearsand undersized nets)

Regulatefishingandlawenforcement

Highdemandforfish Provide alternative diets

Lack of alternative source of income.

Provide IGAs to the community e.g. VSLA

13 Diseases Along the system

Clay pits act as breeding grounds for mosquitoes which cause malaria to humans

Backfillingofpits

14 Siltation and flooding

Along the system

Deposit of road construction materials

Tarmac roads, tree and grass planting by the road, and Proper road designs and works

15 Deforestation Along the entire system

High demand for fuel wood

Planting more trees,By-laws

Poor methods of energy use for cooking

Use of energy saving stoves (Okelo kuc)

16 Pollution of the wetland

Around camps and upcoming trading centers along the system

Trading centers dumping of waste in the wetland

Properlocationoflandfill

17 Water pollution

Along the wetland system

Use of herbicides and pesticides

Organic farming, andSensitization on by-laws


25August, 2014

3.4.4 Management requirementsThe main management requirement is mobilizing communities and stakeholders to commit themselves to an agreed management goal and objectives information and management capacity as elaborated hereunder; a. Shared wetland management goal and objectives: Wetland management is shared

responsibility between Central government, local governments and communities and/or stakeholders. Such management arrangement requires strong institutional coordination and actions that focus on agreed management objectives and goals. The latter can only be achieved when management issues are analyzed and interventions or strategies developed in participatory manner with active involvement of stakeholders and wetlands’ management authorities. This requirement has been lacking and hence the need for the Management Plan that would be developed with involvement of all stakeholders.

b. Information and data: in addition to having common goals and shared management objectives, there is need for sound information base upon which the assessment of management issues and interventions are based. There is inadequate data or information about Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system upon which management interventions are based on.

c. Management capacity: Over-all, management capacities at institutional levels is weak. This has contributed to weaknesses in implementation of wetland policy and or enforcement of the Environment Act with regards to protection and regulation of wetland resource use. Capacities within local government’s structures are grossly weak. Community level capacities are needed in order to guide wetland resources users promote wise use principles.

3.4.5 The role of wetland stakeholders3.4.5.1 Mapping StakeholdersStakeholder mapping aimed at identifying stakeholders of Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system due to various interests and livelihood activities within and around the wetland. The identifiedstakeholdersfall intotwobroadcategoriesnamely:primarystakeholdersbeingcommunitymemberswhoderivebenefitsdirectlyorwhodirectlyimpactonthewetlandsand, secondary stakeholders being institutions that indirectly benefit from or influenceconservation and wise use activities in the wetland system (Table 3).

Table 3: Stakeholder mapping and analysis

Primary Stakeholders Secondary

• Fishermen • Papyrus harvesters• Reeds harvesters• Water collectors• Tree cutters (harvesters) • Herbalist• Hunters• Honey collectors• Brick makers• Cultivators• Sand/Clay miners• Grass harvesters

• Ministry of Water and Environment• National Environment Management Authority• Wetlands Management Department• Local Governments • CSOs (NGOs/CBOs)• Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries• Ministry of Works and Transport • Investors


26 August, 2014

3.4.5.2 Relationship between stakeholders and wetland resourcesThe stakeholder’s analysis revealed that there is direct relationship between the wetland resources and primary stakeholders (Table 4)

Table 4: Stakeholder resource relationship

Wetland Resource StakeholderFish Fisher folkCrafts materials Crafts makersMedicinal plants HerbalistsWild meat HuntersGrazing Cattle keepersCultivation CultivatorsGrass Grass harvestersClay / sand Sand /clay minersCulture CulturistsWater Men, Women, Youth and children

3.4.5.3StakeholderinfluenceStakeholders of Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetlands exhibit different levels of influence over thewetlandresources.Basingonthisassessment,stakeholderisrankedbasedontheirinfluencein decision making (Table 5)

Table 5: Stakeholder influence ranking

No. Stakeholders Activity & Interests Level of Influence in decision making (H = High, M = Medium and L = Low)

PRIMARY STAKEHOLDER1 Fishermen Fishing Source of Food H

Income2 Craftsmen Craft work IGA M

Domestic Use

3 Clay workers Pottery IGA LDomestic useBrick making

4 Sand miners Quarrying IGA L5 Charcoal burning Fuel supply IGA M6 Firewood Firewood IGA H

Domestic use 7 Herbalists Local medicine IGA L

Domestic use 8 Transporters Transport IGA L

Domestic use9 Farmers Crop

cultivation Cash HDomestic use

10 Hunters Hunting Domestic use LIGA

11 Fish farming Fish farming IGA LDomestic use


27August, 2014

No. Stakeholders Activity & Interests Level of Influence in decision making (H = High, M = Medium and L = Low)

12 Livestock Grazing Livestock HWatering H

SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER

MWE/WMD Conservation and wise use

Sustainable Livelihood H

NEMA Conservation and wise use


CSOs Conservation and wise use


INVESTORS Development Physical infrastructure development

L

MAAIF Farming Domestic and commercial farming

H

Further details on stakeholders are presented in Appendix 2.

3.5 PRIORITIES FOR MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONSThe management and conservation issues generated with the stakeholders are categorized into key output areas provided in the Environment and Natural Resources (ENRs) guidelines for wetlands. The ENRs-guidelines is a planning tool used by Ministry of Water and Environment to guide and standardize District Local Governments activity planning. The guidelines has four output areas: knowledge and understanding on wetlands enhanced, degraded sections of wetlands restored, relevant policies and legislations on wetlands enforced and relevant institutions for wetlands management established and strengthened.

Using these guidelines, the following are the major or priority issues to be addressed by the management plan (Table 6).

Table 6: Priority issues for management plan

Key output Issues to be addressedKnowledge and understanding on wetlands enhanced

• Data and knowledge about wetland ecology, biodiversity and socio-economic values

• Community/stakeholders awareness of wetlands values and management needs

Degraded sections of wetlands restored

• Encroachment/Wetland loss• Over-use of certain wetland resources• Siltation/pollution/waste management• Overgrazing• Boundaries• Poor land management practices

Relevant policies and legislations on wetlands enforced

• Shared Management Goal and Objectives• Wise use options and activities• Regulatory framework (e.g., by-laws)• Enforcement capacity• Compliance levels and measures

Relevant institutions for wetlands management established and strengthened.

Shared Management Goal and ObjectivesInstitutional capacities (Local governments, communities)Collaboration in wetland management and institutional structures

PART THREE: WETLAND MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES


29August, 2014

This Chapter presents the recommended long term vision for the Tochi Wetland, management objectives and strategies and interventions. The management objectives and interventions are bases on the assessments of management challenges and needs identifiedinChapterThree.

CHAPTER FOUR: VISIONING AND SETTING OBJECTIVES

4.1 LONG TERM VISION FOR TOCHI WETLAND SYSTEM The vision for Tochi wetland management plan is “A wetland system managed to provide sustainable benefits to both the community and the environment”. Avisionreflectswhatpeople would want to see or what they expect their wetland to be if all management options were implemented. It assumes many constraining factors as being constant to allow for effective implementation of all measures as proposed in the management plan.

4.2 OVERALL MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVEThe overall objective of the Management Plan is to promote the conservation of Tochi wetlandsystemtosustainitsecologicalandsocio-economicfunctionsby2018.Specifically:

a. To strengthen Institutional capacity for Tochi wetland management.b. To enhance the integrity/functionality/productivity of Tochi wetland.c. To promote public education and awareness on utilization and management of Tochi

wetland.d. To enhance enforcement of policies and legislations on Tochi wetland.

4.3 LOGICAL FRAMEWORKThe Vision and objectives of the Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland system management plan will be delivered through the following results and outputs (Table 7)

Table 7: The logframe matrix

Objective Results OutputsTo strengthen Institutional capacity for Tochi wetland management.

Capacity for wetland management at district, sub-county and community levels built

• Political leadership (Environment Committees at district and sub-county) with capacity to plan and guide wetland management

• Wetland management structures at sub-county and community levels

• Wetland resources promoting wetland conservation and wise use activities

To enhance the integrity/functionality/productivity of Tochi wetland.

Improved ecological integrity of Gulu-Oyam Tochi wetland systems

• Wise use of wetland resources• Restored degraded portions of the

wetland• Sustainable land management activities

in the catchment • Wetland boundaries established and

respectedWetland resources providing social-economic values sustainably

• Sustainable livelihoods derived from wetland resources use

• Enhanced awareness and appreciation of wetland values


30 August, 2014

To promote public education and awareness on utilization and management of Tochi wetland.

Wetland resources and their values better understood

• Data/information about the wetland ecology and social-economic values

• Wetland wise use principles better understood by community and wetland resources users

• Wetland policies and regulatory frameworks better understood by all stakeholders.

To enhance enforcement of policies and legislations on Tochi wetland.

Compliance with wetland policy and legislation

• Bylaws for regulating wetland resources protection and use

• Incentive measures for compliance and compliance monitoring

• Capacity for enforcing wetland regulations and monitoring compliance

4.4 MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS AND ACTIONS The management interventions and actions focus on management measures, which are achievable and will address the key issues identified during the resource, conflict andproblem analysis. (Table 8) The proposed actions aim at addressing priority management issues that ranges from institutional weaknesses, loss in the integrity wetlands ecosystems and policyandlegislationenforcements.Thespecificsarethereforedefinedbytraining,supportto community initiatives or projects, public education and formulation and enforcements of auxiliary and national laws.

Table 8: Management Action

THREAT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION LOCATION

OBJECTIVE 1: TO STRENGTHEN INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR TOCHI WETLAND MANAGEMENTLimited functionality of local committees for wetland management and absence of organized user communities

Conduct mobilization and formation of wetland user committees

All parishes traversed by Tochi

Conduct sensitization and training of wetland user committees


Facilitate and mentor wetland user committees


OBJECTIVE 2: TO ENHANCE THE INTEGRITY/FUNCTIONALITY/PRODUCTIVITY OF TOCHI WETLANDLoss of biodiversity(faunaandflora)

Conduct sensitization of wetland resource users on wise use and conservation


Conduct training of wetland users on Apiculture, Fish farming and Agro-forestry


Formulate bye laws and audiences on wetland utilization and management

All sub-counties traversed by Tochi

Establishment of community woodlots All parishes traversed by Tochi

Re-vegetating the degraded wetland areas



31August, 2014


Deterioration of water quality

Conduct sensitization of wetland users on water quality management


Undertake demarcation of wetland boundaries


Create the buffer strips along the boundaries


Establish waste disposal sites All parishes traversed by Tochi

Enforcementoffisherieslegislation All parishes traversed by Tochi

Undertake pretreatment of waste water and carrying out EIA before establishment of car washing bays.


Reduction in water volumes

Undertake restoration of degraded banks and sections


Undertake planting of agro-forestry tree species in the watershed of Tochi


Deforestation Promote energy saving stove technology

All parishes

Establish community woodlots All parishes

Paddy rice and sugar cane cultivation

Promotion of upland rice and sugarcane cultivation


Establish demonstrations for wetland edge gardening and other livelihood options


Open pits due to sand mining /clay quarrying

Restore the open sand mining pits or clay quarries


OBJECTIVE 3: TO PROMOTE PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS ON UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF TOCHI WETLANDOver grazing Sensitization of wetland users on the

optimum stocking rate of animals and alternative methods of animal feeding


Landconflicts Conduct sensitization on land rights and tenure system


Political interference Sensitization of political/local leaders on wetland issues


Dumping of Waste Carry out awareness on waste disposal All parishes

Designate waste disposal sites All parishes


32 August, 2014


OBJECTIVE 4: TO ENHANCE ENFORCEMENT OF POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS ON TOCHI WETLANDOpen pits due to sand mining /clay extraction

Carry out inspection visits All parishes traversed by Tochi

Undertake the prosecutions of the abusers


Burning of wetlands Formulate by-laws/Ordinances Sub-counties/district

Dumping of Waste Formulate by-law on waste management

All parishes

PART FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION


34 August, 2014

5.1 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

The implementation plan presented in table 9 covers a four-year period. This plan will form basis for deriving annual targets and activities as well as indicators for measuring implementation progress and impacts.

The management plan will be implemented through collaborative partnership between central and local government and other development or donor partners. The support from Central Government will be handled according to the Conditional Grant Guidelines either for Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) or Peace Recovery and Development Project (PRDP). These are two budget lines from Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) that are disbursed as Conditional Grants from Government Treasury to District Local Government for implementation of activities as provided for in the respective Guidelines. The Grant under Environment and Natural Resource have guidelines that definedprioritiesforwetlandmanagement;andthePRDPgrantalsosupportcomponentsofenvironmentandtheLocalGovernmentsofGuluandOyamareallbeneficiaries.However,it is important to note that the selected priorities are not implemented as standalone programs or projects; but must be integrated into the District Development Plan (DDP).

CHAPTER FIVE: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS


35August, 2014

Tab

le 9

: Fo

ur y

ea

r ro

lling

ma

nag

em

ent

pla

n fo

r Gul

u-O

yam

To

chi

we

tland

sys

tem

THRE

AT

AC

TIV

ITY

D

ESC

RIPT

ION

LOC

ATI

ON

INPU

TSO

UTP

UTS

RESP

ON

SIBL

E PE

RSO

N(S

)TI

ME

FRA

ME

(YEA

RS)

BUD

GET

1 2

3 4

“00

0,00

0”

OBJ

ECTI

VE

1: T

O S

TREN

GTH

EN IN

STIT

UTI

ON

AL

CA

PAC

ITY

FOR

TO

CH

I WET

LAN

D M

AN

AG

EMEN

TLi

mite

d

fun

ctio

na

lity

of l

oc

al

co

mm

itte

es

for w

etla

nd

m

an

ag

em

en

t a

nd

ab

sen

ce

of

org

an

ize

d u

ser

co

mm

un

itie

s

Co

nd

uc

t m

ob

iliza

tion

a

nd

form

atio

n

of w

etla

nd

use

r c

om

mitt

ee

s

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Tra

nsp

ort

, st

atio

na

ry, a

ir tim

e,

allo

wa

nc

es

Nu

mb

er o

f fu

nc

tion

al

we

tlan

d u

ser c

om

mitt

ee

s fo

rme

d

DEO

, DW

O,

CD

O√

12

Co

nd

uc

t se

nsit

iza

tion

an

d

tra

inin

g o

f we

tlan

d

use

r co

mm

itte

es

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Tra

nsp

ort

, st

atio

na

ry, a

ir tim

e, a

llow

an

ce

s,

refr

esh

me

nt

Nu

mb

er o

f fu

nc

tion

al

we

tlan

d u

ser c

om

mitt

ee

s tr

ain

ed

DEO

, DW

O,

CD

O√

30

Fac

ilita

te a

nd

m

en

tor w

etla

nd

u

ser c

om

mitt

ee

s

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Pro

visio

n o

f po

licy

an

d re

gu

lato

ry

do

cu

me

nts

, st

atio

na

ry

Nu

mb

er o

f po

licy

an

d

reg

ula

tory

do

cu

me

nts

p

rovi

de

dN

um

be

r of m

en

torin

g

rep

ort

s

DEO

, DW

O,

CD

O√

√√

√24

OBJ

ECTI

VE

2: T

O E

NH

AN

CE

THE

INTE

GRI

TY/F

UN

CTI

ON

ALI

TY/P

ROD

UC

TIV

ITY

OF

TOC

HI W

ETLA

ND

Lo

ss o

f b

iod

ive

rsity

(fa

un

a a

nd

flora)

Co

nd

uc

t se

nsit

iza

tion

of

we

tlan

d re

sou

rce

u

sers

on

wise

use

a

nd

co

nse

rva

tion

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Tra

nsp

ort

, st

atio

na

ry, a

ir tim

e, a

llow

an

ce

s,

refr

esh

me

nt

Nu

mb

er o

f se

nsit

iza

tion

m

ee

ting

s h

eld

D

EO, D

WO

, C

DO

√√

√√

30

Co

nd

uc

t tr

ain

ing

o

f we

tlan

d u

sers

o

n A

pic

ultu

re, F

ish

farm

ing

an

d A

gro

-fo

rest

ry

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Tra

nsp

ort

, st

atio

na

ry, a

ir tim

e, a

llow

an

ce

s,

refr

esh

me

nt

Nu

mb

er o

f we

tlan

d u

sers

tr

ain

ed

an

d R

ep

ort

sD

EO,

Ento

mo

log

ist,

Fish

erie

s Officer

√√

√√

40


36 August, 2014

THRE

AT

AC

TIV

ITY

D

ESC

RIPT

ION

LOC

ATI

ON

INPU

TSO

UTP

UTS

RESP

ON

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E PE

RSO

N(S

)TI

ME

FRA

ME

(YEA

RS)

BUD

GET

1 2

3 4

“00

0,00

0”

Loss

of

bio

div

ers

ity (

fau

na

an

d

flora)

Form

ula

te

bye

law

s a

nd

a

ud

ien

ce

s o

n

we

tlan

d u

tiliz

atio

n

an

d m

an

ag

em

en

t

All

sub

-co

un

ties

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Sta

tion

ary

, a

llow

an

ce

s,

tra

nsp

ort

, re

fre

shm

en

t

Nu

mb

er o

f bye

law

s e

na

cte

dN

um

be

r of c

op

ies

of

bye

law

s a

nd

au

die

nc

es

diss

em

ina

ted

SCC

, EFP

P,

Ch

airm

an

LC

111

, an

d

L.C

1

√√

60

Esta

blis

hm

en

t o

f co

mm

un

ity

wo

od

lots

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Sta

tion

ary

, a

llow

an

ce

s,

tra

nsp

ort

, re

fre

shm

en

t-s

ee

dlin

gs

-eq

uip

me

nt

Nu

mb

er o

f he

cta

res

of

wo

od

lot

pla

nte

d a

nd

m

ain

tain

ed

.A

ctiv

ity re

po

rts

Nu

mb

er o

f tre

es

pla

nte

d

an

d m

ain

tain

ed

.

DFO

DEO

Co

mm

un

ity

√√

√√

80

Re

-ve

ge

tatin

g t

he

d

eg

rad

ed

we

tlan

d

are

as

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Sta

tion

ary

, a

llow

an

ce

s,

tra

nsp

ort

, re

fre

shm

en

t-s

ee

dlin

gs

-eq

uip

me

nt

Nu

mb

er o

f he

cta

res

re-

veg

eta

ted

Fie

ld re

po

rts

DFO

DEO

Co

mm

un

ity

√√

√√

60

De

terio

ratio

n o

f w

ate

r qu

alit

yC

on

du

ct

sen

sitiz

atio

n o

f w

etla

nd

use

rs

on

wa

ter q

ua

lity

ma

na

ge

me

nt

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Sta

tion

ary

, a

llow

an

ce

s,

tra

nsp

ort

, re

fre

shm

en

t

Nu

mb

ers

of s

en

sitiz

atio

n

me

etin

gs

DEO

, DW

O,

CD

O

√√

√√

12

Un

de

rta

ke

de

ma

rca

tion

o

f we

tlan

d

bo

un

da

ries

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

Toc

hi

Tec

hn

ica

l exp

ert

s,

too

ls, e

qu

ipm

en

ts,

surv

eyo

rs,

po

lice

, tra

nsp

ort

, a

llow

an

ce

s, p

illa

rs,

see

dlin

gs

Len

gth

of w

etla

nd

d

em

arc

ate

dD

EO, D

WO

, Su

rve

yor

√√

√√

100


37August, 2014

THRE

AT

AC

TIV

ITY

D

ESC

RIPT

ION

LOC

ATI

ON

INPU

TSO

UTP

UTS

RESP

ON

SIBL

E PE

RSO

N(S

)TI

ME

FRA

ME

(YEA

RS)

BUD

GET

1 2

3 4

“00

0,00

0”

De

terio

ratio

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pa

rish

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, a

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see

dlin

gs

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gth

of b

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sta

blis

he

dD

EO, D

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, Su

rve

yor

√√

√√

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blis

h w

ast

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disp

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ave

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y To

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i

Tec

hn

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fun

ds,

la

nd

, tra

nsp

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, a

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ce

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mb

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blis

he

d

an

d fu

nc

tion

al

DEO

, DEO

, D

HI

Co

mm

un

ity

√√

√√

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Enfo

rce

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nt

of

fisherieslegislation

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pa

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by

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, st

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tr

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ffisheries

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s officers

√√

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o o

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rep

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nd

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AD

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mm

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ity

√√

√√

8

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n in

w

ate

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gs

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mb

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cta

res

of

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tlan

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sto

red

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EO, C

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, D

FO√

√√

√30

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de

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ntin

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in t

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ate

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of T

oc

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All

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hn

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l exp

ert

, tr

an

spo

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, a

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tain

ed

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, DEO

, C

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√√

√√

60


38 August, 2014

THRE

AT

AC

TIV

ITY

D

ESC

RIPT

ION

LOC

ATI

ON

INPU

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O√

√√

√10

0

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h

co

mm

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ity

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a

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sH

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ity

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, an

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tion

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O, C

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√√

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40

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for w

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hn

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mb

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√√

√23

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by

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√√

√10

OBJ

ECTI

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3: T

O P

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BLIC

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UC

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ON

AN

D A

WA

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ESS

ON

UTI

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TIO

N A

ND

MA

NA

GEM

ENT

OF

TOC

HI W

ETLA

ND

O

ver g

razi

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sitiz

atio

n o

f w

etla

nd

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rs

on

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um

st

oc

kin

g ra

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of a

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s o

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ed

ing

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pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

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hi

Tec

hn

ica

l e

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rts,

tra

nsp

ort

, a

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, st

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na

ry

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mb

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f we

tlan

d u

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se

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dD

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O,

DEO

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√√

20


39August, 2014

THRE

AT

AC

TIV

ITY

D

ESC

RIPT

ION

LOC

ATI

ON

INPU

TSO

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la

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hts

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d

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pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

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hi

Tec

hn

ica

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xpe

rts,

tra

nsp

ort

, a

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an

ce

, st

atio

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ry

Nu

mb

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f we

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d u

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dLandOfficer,

DEO

, DW

O√

√√

√10

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ica

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ere

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o

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litic

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loc

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ea

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rs o

n

we

tlan

d is

sue

s

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

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hi

Tec

hn

ica

l e

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rts,

tra

nsp

ort

, a

llow

an

ce

, st

atio

na

ry

Nu

mb

er o

f le

ad

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se

nsit

ize

d o

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etla

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, DW

O√

√√

√15

Du

mp

ing

of

Wa

ste

Ca

rry

ou

t a

wa

ren

ess

on

w

ast

e d

ispo

sal

All

pa

rish

es

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an

d s

taff

tim

eN

um

be

r of c

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mu

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sitiz

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sign

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wa

ste

d

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ites

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pa

rish

es

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an

d s

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r of s

ites

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sign

ate

dD

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8

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VE

4: T

O E

NH

AN

CE

ENFO

RCEM

ENT

OF

POLI

CIE

S A

ND

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ISLA

TIO

NS

ON

TO

CH

I WET

LAN

D

Op

en

pits

du

e

to s

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inin

g /

cla

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n

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ou

t in

spe

ctio

n v

isits

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pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

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hi

Tra

nsp

ort

, a

llow

an

ce

, p

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on

ne

l, c

om

mu

nic

atio

n

me

an

s

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mb

er o

f site

s in

spe

cte

dD

EO, P

olic

e,

Co

urt

√√

√√

25

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de

rta

ke t

he

p

rose

cu

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s o

f th

e

ab

use

rs

All

pa

rish

es

tra

vers

ed

by

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hi

Tra

nsp

ort

, a

llow

an

ce

, p

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on

ne

l, c

om

mu

nic

atio

n

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mb

er o

f no

n-c

om

ply

ing

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ntit

ies

arr

est

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an

d a

re

un

de

r pro

sec

utio

ns

DEO

, DW

O√

√√

√20

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ing

of

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tlan

ds

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ula

te b

y-la

ws/

Ord

ina

nc

es

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-co

un

ties/

dist

rict

Tra

nsp

ort

, a

llow

an

ce

, p

ers

on

ne

l, c

om

mu

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n

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s

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, DW

O√

√√

√20

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mp

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of

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te b

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w o

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ast

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ma

na

ge

me

nt

All

pa

rish

es

Fun

d a

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sta

ff t

ime

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law

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O√

√√

√20


40 August, 2014

5.2 IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE OF THE MANAGEMENT PLANThe implementation process will also be monitored and supervised by various stakeholders including among others the Management Committee for Tochi Wetland Management plan, comprised of members from the two District Local Governments of Oyam and Gulu (Table 10).

Table 10: Composition of Implementation Committee

Title Designation Institution

EXECUTIVES (4)

Chairperson DeputyChiefAdministrativeOfficer Gulu

V/Chairperson InformationOfficer Oyam

General Secretary NaturalResourcesOfficer Gulu

Secretary Finance Planner Oyam

Members (=5)

CommunityDevelopmentOfficer Gulu

DistrictForestryOfficer Oyam

NGO representative NGO Forum

DistrictAgricOfficer Oyam

DistrictFisheriesOfficer Gulu

Ex-Officials (8)

Nature Uganda representative

NFA representative

MWE/WMD representative

Physical planner (Oyam/ Gulu)

Agri-business representative

NEMA representative

Tree Talk representative

All LC. III C/Persons within the project area

The Implementation Committee will perform the following dutiesa. Support in resource mobilization.b. Regular supervision and monitoring (M & E).c. Mobilizing local communities through the Sub-County leadership.d. Linkage to other partners, sectors and collaborators.e. Provide technical and policy guidance to the implementation of the program.f. Integration of wetland issues to sectoral plans.

Note: The Ministry of Water and Environment through Wetland Management Department is one of the key implementing partners given its mandates of setting standards and technical back stopping on wetlands management issues.


41August, 2014

CHAPTER SIX: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE PLAN

The foundation for monitoring and evaluation systems is the logical framework, a series of keyperformanceindicatorsareidentifiedandsuitasetofactionsandactivitiesraisedinthemanagement plan. The monitoring indicators, disaggregated by objectives will compare performance in every objective with clearly set targets per year (Table 11). The general principles for the participatory monitoring and evaluation will also be adopted.

Monitoring groups will comprise of:a. Community User groups: will monitor Sub-County activities supported by District Local

Government Staffb. Members of inter-district authorities of Oyam and Gulu: will monitor activities, inputs

and output achievements in their respective areasc. Relevant institutions, such as Ministry of Water and Environment through Wetland

Management Department, NEMA and NFA will monitor conformity with the standards and relevance to existing policies and guidelines for Environment and Natural Resources.

d. Nature Uganda and her partner organizations will monitor and evaluate overall performance and impact of the intervention on biodiversity status, community livelihoods and the general environmental requirements.

Table 11: The simplified version of logical framework for monitoring and evaluation

S/N OBJECTIVE KEY OUTPUTS INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION

1 To strengthen institutional capacity for Tochi wetland management.

Number of functional wetland user groups formed.

User groups in place and functional.

Field reports

Number of User groups trained.

Registration list of membership of user groups.

Monitoring reportsField visit reports

Number of Local environment committees trained.

Local environment committees in place and functional.

Training reportsMinutes of LECs meetings

2 To enhance the integrity and productivity of wetlands and other natural resources

Kilometers or hectares of wetlands demarcated.

Length and Existence of boundaries demarcated with live markers

Field Visits, Reports

Wetland users trained on Apiculture, Fish farming and Agro-forestry.

Number of wetland users trained

Field visits, ReportsTraining reports

Degraded sections of wetlands re-vegetated/ restored.

Re-vegetated areas in place

Field visits, Reports


42 August, 2014


2 To enhance the integrity and productivity of wetlands and other natural resources

Community woodlots established.

Number of hectares of woodlot planted Activity report

Field reports, Field visits

Number of hectares re-vegetated

Field visits, Reports

Wetland boundaries demarcated

Length of wetland demarcated

Fieldreports,fieldvisits

Buffer strips created along the boundaries

Length of buffer established

Field Reports

Waste disposal sites established

Number of sites established and functional

Field Reports

Fisheries legislation enforced

Number of arrests and prosecutions

Police recordsCourt records

Waste water pre-treated and EIA conducted before establishment of car washing bays.

Number of pre-treatment facilitiesNumber of EIA reports and certificatesawarded

Field visit reports

Degraded banks and sections restored.

Number of hectares of wetland restored.

Field visits reports

Agro-forestry plots planted in the watershed of Tochi

Number of hectares of agro-forestry plots planted.

Reports

Upland rice/ sugarcane cultivation promoted

Number of farmers who have adopted upland rice cultivationNumber of hectares planted.

Reports

Demonstrations for wetland edge gardening and other livelihood options established.

Number of demonstration sites established.

Reports


43August, 2014


3 To promote public education and awareness on utilization and management of Tochi wetland

Number of communities sensitized on wetlandbenefits

Number of wetland users sensitized.

Sensitization reports

Number of translations of wetland awareness materials into local languages

Publications in place and translated into local languages.

Field reports

Number of village information centers created

Functional Village information centers available.

Reports

Number of radio talk shows held

Cases of wetland issues reported to DEOoffices

Reports

4 To enhance enforcement of policies and legislations on Tochi wetland

Number of by-laws or ordinances formulated

Copies of the by-laws or ordinances in place.

Reports

Number of compliance assistance provided and compliance agreement signed

Number of compliance agreements signed with community members.

Reports and copies of compliance agreement signed with target communities.

Number of EIAs, PBs and permits issued

Copies of EIAs, PBs and Minutes for approval of permits in place.

Reports


44 August, 2014

1. Bakema, R. & Iyango, L., 2000, Engaging Local Users in the Management of2. DFID, (2005): Decentralization Support program Review; DFID 20053. FAO, (1993). Guidelines for Land Use Planning. Prepared by the Soil Resources, German

Foundation for International Development (DSE), (2001). Land Use Planning for Rural Development: Methods and Procedures at National and Provincial level. International Training Course Documentation, April 18 – May 17 2001, Zschortau-Germany.

4. Guidelines for Compliance Monitoring of Wetlands. Wetland Booklet Number 4.5. Gulu District Development Plan, (2013-2016) Draft Three Year District Development

Plan 2013 – 2016.6. MWE/WMD, (2012). Guidelines for Environment and Natural Resources for Wetland

Conditional Grant- (Not published).7. Natureganda (2012/2013). Biodiversity Baseline Surveys of tobacco growing regions of

the Middle North; Uganda. 8. NEMA (2006). State of the Environment Report for Uganda.9. Oyam District Local Government, (2013/14). Draft Three Year District Development

Plan 2013 – 2016.10. Process Manual for Development of Community-Based Wetlands Plans. Wetlands

Management Department. Ministry of Water and Environment, Kampala, Uganda.11. Republic of Uganda (2002). Housing and Population Census Report12. The Ramsar Convention (1971)13. The Republic of Uganda (1997). Local Government Act 14. The Republic of Uganda (2000). The Land Act, cap 227 15. The Republic of Uganda (2005). The Constitution of Republic of Uganda16. The Republic of Uganda (2998). National Wetlands Programme, (1998), Wetlands

Status Report for Mukono17. The Republic of Uganda, (1995). National Policy for the Conservation and Management

of Wetland Resources 1995. Ministry of Natural Resources, 1995.18. The Republic of Uganda, (1995). The Uganda Constitution, 1995. Government Printery

Entebbe.19. The Republic of Uganda, (19952000). The National Environment Act, cap 1543Statute,

1995. Statutes Supplement No. 3, to the Uganda Gazette No. 21 Volume LXXVIII dated 9th May 1995.

20. The Republic of Uganda, (19952000). Water Statute, 1995Act, cap 152. Government Printer y Entebbe.

21. The Republic of Uganda, (1998). The Land Act, (1998). (Act No. 16 of 1998).22. The Republic of Uganda, (2001). Wetlands Sector Strategic Plan (2010 – 2020)

Prepared by Ministry of Water, lands, and Environment, Wetlands.23. Wetland Resources: The Case of the National Wetlands Programme, Uganda.

LIST OF REFERENCES


45August, 2014

ANNEX 1: People or Institutions consulted during preparartion of the Management plan

S/No Names Designation Organization01 Odong Gilbert Bob FisheriesOfficer Oyam DLG02 Alori Francis Ag.WetlandOfficer Oyam DLG03 Hon Cons Okweny Sec Pro and Environment - Iceme Oyam DLG04 Michael Opige Programme Manager Nature Uganda05 Afai Sylvano Regional Coordinator WMD - MWE06 Joel M Wako CommunicationsOfficer Nature Uganda07 Gokaka Geoffrey WetlandsOfficer WMD - MWE08 Anyima Kenneth Chairperson Ngai Oyam DLG09 Hon Hellen Okello Sec Pro and Env’t Lalogi Gulu DLG10 Isaac Kiirya ProjectOfficer Nature Uganda11 Akot Lilian Obong Forest Supervisor - Opit NFA - Gulu12 Oyet Godfrey John FisheriesOfficer Gulu DLG13 Hon Lucy Akena Sec Pro & Env’t Lakwana Gulu DLG14 Obwola Samuel. L SeniorForestOfficer Gulu DLG

15Atto Francisca Kisembo

EnvironmentOfficer Gulu DLG

16 Opio Moses Ag.DNROfficer Oyam DLG17 Basire Andrew TransportOfficer Nature Uganda18 Menya Hakim WMD WMD - MWE19 Ochola Andrew Physical Planner Gulu DLG20 Abac Charles Parish Chief Lakwana Gulu DLG21 Otika Patrick Chairperson Lakwana Gulu DLG22 Joshua Okello SAS Minakulu Gulu DLG23 Otim Jimmy Chairperson Minakulu Gulu DLG24 Elwa Benard V Chairperson Acaba Oyam DLG25 Amwonya Moses SAS Aber Oyam DLG26 Opio Emmanuel SAS Ngai Oyam DLG27 Arach Betty SAS Bobi Gulu DLG28 Alobo Martin Ogom Chairperson Bobi Gulu DLG29 Awor Robert SAS Acaba Oyam DLG30 Angor Francis Chairperson Aber Oyam DLG31 Okullo Lawrence ForestOfficer Oyam DLG32 Wobusobozi Abraham NFA Supervisor Gulu NFA Gulu33 Mukasa Juma Driver WMD WMD - MWE34 Fred Alaru NU Nature Uganda35 Birungi Joan WetlandsOfficer WMD - MWE36 Aloysius Owor Officer WMD - MWE37 Otim Sam Jwinya BAT Contact Farmers - Ngai Oyam38 Lamwaka Catherine RDC Gulu DLG39 Ogwang George Farmer & Fisherman-Ngai Oyam40 Otuku Tom Farmer & Fisherman-Ngai Oyam

APPENDIX 1:


46 August, 2014

CATEGORIZATION OF THE ISSUES

INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES THAT AFFECT THE MANAGEMENT

ISSUES LOCATION CAUSES SOLUTIONS

Limited functionality of local environment committee


• Limited funding, • Lack of support, • Lack of awareness/

knowledge on roles and responsibility, and

• Absence of organized user groups

• Provisionoffinancialsupport• Training on the roles and

responsibilities • Form the user groups/

communities • Training of user groups

BIOPHYSICAL ISSUES THAT ALTER THE INTEGRITY/FUNCTIONALITY/PRODUCTIVITY OF WETLANDSLoss of biodiversity (fauna and floraloss)


• Hunting • Burning of wetlands • Cutting trees • Clay extraction • Sand mining

• Promotion of alternative source of income e.g. Livestock project

• Sensitization on conservation measures

• Enactment and enforcement of by-laws /ordinances

Poor water quality

All S/Cs adjacent to Tochi

• Poor Waste disposal methods

• Use of agro-chemicals • Siltation/erosion • Badfishingmethods

e.g. poison • Establishment of car

washing bays • Cultivation up to the

river bank

• Sensitization • Better method of waste

disposals • Create buffer strip/

demarcation• Promote organic farming • River bank restoration

(planting vegetation) • Enforcementoffisheries

legislation • Pretreatment of waste water

and carrying out EIA before establishment of car washing bays.

Reduction in water volumes

All the stretch of Tochi

• Unreliable rainfall patterns/climate change issues

• Siltation • Wetland reclamation

• Restoration • Tree planting • Demarcation of wetlands

Deforestation All parishes • High demand for fuel wood for domestic use and curing tobacco

• Clearance of land for cultivation

• Promote energy saving stoves(Okelo-kuc)

• Establishment of woodlots

INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES THAT AFFECT THE MANAGEMENTISSUES LOCATION CAUSES SOLUTIONS


47August, 2014

Paddy rice and sugar cane cultivation

• Bobi S/C• Lakwana

S/C• Ngai S/C• Minakulu• Achaba• Myene• Kamdini• Aber

• Sustainability of the crops to wetlands conditions

• Lack of alternative crops sustainable for upland cultivation

• Not aware of the guidelines for wetland edge farming

• Promotion of upland rice cultivation

• Sensitization of wetland users • Introduction of livestock

ISSUES THAT REQUIRE AWARENESS CREATION ON WETLANDS Over grazing Along

the entire stream

• Over stocking • Prolonged droughts • Water sources • Accessibility • Shortage of land for

grazing

• Regulation of grazing • Sensitization of people on

the stocking rate of animals and alternative methods of grazing

Landconflicts Entire length of the stream

• Land tenure system• Land grabbing • Uncertainty of

wetland boundary • Ignorance on

ownership, access and uses

• Sensitization on land tenure system and wetland statutes

• Create User Zones• Demarcation of wetland

boundaries

Political interference

All the sub-counties

• Protection of interested voters

• Ignorance of some politicians on wetland issues

• Sensitization of local leaders on wetland issues

ISSUES THAT REQUIRE ENFORCEMENT OF POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONSOpen pits due to sand/stone quarrying

• Aber • Lakwana• Kamdini • Bobi

• Non-enforcement of Extraction guidelines

• Lack of knowledge of regulations

• Lack of will to restore

• Sensitization of community and politicians

• Enforce the guidelines and the laws.

• Formation and enforcement of by-laws


48 August, 2014

APPENDIX 2: STAKEHOLDER MATRIX

Stakeholders Gender disaggregation

Interests Contribution to wetland management by stakeholder

Stakeholder activity impact on wetland

Ministry of Water, and Environment (WMD)

Men, women, children, youth, Domestic, Livestock keepers, Brick makers, etc

Wise use of wetlands

Policy development,Technical support,Development of Guidelines, andCapacity BuildingFinancial Support

Legal framework for wetland management in place and institutional capacity built and strengthened for wise use.

National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)

Men, Women, Youth

Wise use of wetlands

Setting standards,Auditing & Monitoring compliance,Creating awareness, andMonitoring wetlands

Regulations, standards for wise use of the resources in placeRegular monitoring for compliance is being done

Ministry of Local Government

Women, Children

Capacity Building and (Mentoring and Monitoring)Financial support to Decentralized Local Government

Mentoring,Environmental mainstreaming,Technical support,Financial support

Adequate mentoring of institutions for management of the wetland has been doneFinancial support for wetlands management.

Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry& Fisheries (MAAIF) (OSRIP)

Men, women, children, youth,

Sustainable Agricultural production in wetlands

Environmental mainstreaming,Extension services,Technology transfers

Environmental mitigation measures in EIA report mainstreamed in rice production work plan and implemented.

Directorate of Water Development (DWD)

Men, Women, Youth

Adequate surface water in the wetland

Water quantity and quality monitoring,Sustainable water resources development and use, andWater users groups

Building capacity of water users to conserve water


49August, 2014




National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC)

Women, Children

Continuous abstraction of good quality water

Technical expertise,Funds, and compliance monitoring

Technical expertise in water quality monitoring

Gulu/Oyam District Local Governments

Men, Women, Youth

Wise use of wetlands by communities and stakeholdersCollection of revenuePoverty alleviation

Personnel (community mobilization)FundsOrdinanceImplementationEnforcement

Regular monitoring and awareness raising of the wetland resources usersEnforcement of the laws

Sub-county Local Governments of Oyam and Gulu Districts

Men, Women, Youth

Wise use of wetlands by communities and stakeholders

Personnel (community mobilization)FundsOrdinanceImplementation

Community mobilizationSensitizationEnforcement of the laws

Non -Governmental Organization (NGOs) e.g. Nature Uganda, IUCN, etc.

Men, Children Communities deriving livelihoods from the wetland

Personnel (community mobilization)Funds, andImplementation

Empowered communities to harnessbenefitsfrom the wetland on sustainable basis

Community Based Organizations (CBOs)

Men, Women, Youth

Communities deriving livelihoods from the wetland

Personnel (community mobilization)FundsImplementation.

Empowered communities to harnessbenefitsfrom the wetland on sustainable basis.

Rice cultivators Men, Women, Youth

Water abstraction, increased rice production

Local knowledgeCommunity regulation

Pollution by use of agro-chemicals, over abstraction of water, poisoning of birds, destruction of thickets on termite mounds, Encroachment and drainage of wetlands

Cattle grazers Men, women, children, youth,

Access to the wetland for water and grazing


Over grazing of the wetland, Compaction of soils and degradation of nesting sites for birds, setting of bushfires.


50 August, 2014




Fishermen Men, Women, Youth

Fish for food and sale

Local knowledge,Community regulation

OverfishingDestruction of breeding sites

Craftsmen(pottery and baskets, mats and bags)

Women, Children

Craft material for domestic use and for sale


Over harvesting and use of destructive harvesting techniques

Hunters Men, Women, Youth

Hunting for food and saleLegal access


Burning of the wetland, non selective harvesting of wildlife

Water users Men, Women, Youth

Water use for domestic, livestock and other use

Community regulation andMonitoring

Reduced on the wetland size and limited utilization of the area for acceptable activities

Grass collectors Men, Children Grass collection for sale and personal use

Personnel (community mobilization)Funds, andImplementation.

Destruction of biodiversity

Fire wood collectors

Men, Women, Youth

Firewood collection for domestic and commercial use


Destruction of trees


52 August, 2014


2014


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