Guiding Questions: Road to the Civil War 1) What were the various causes of the Civil War? 2) How did the issue of slavery and expansion lead to the.

Guiding Questions: Road to the Civil War

1) What were the various causes of the Civil War?

2) How did the issue of slavery and expansion lead to the War between the States?

Causes of the Civil War

Long-Term Slavery & Expansion

**Missouri Compromise (1820)Compromise of 1850Kansas-Nebraska Act“Bleeding Kansas”

SectionalismDred Scott v. SandfordUncle Tom’s Cabin

Causes of the Civil War

Short-Term John Brown’s Raid Election of 1860 = Abraham

Lincoln Secession Fort Sumter

Missouri Compromise

Issue: Should slavery be allowed in Western territories & states?

1819 – Balance of power in Senate between “slave” and “free” states (North & South)

1820 – Missouri territory will become a state; “slave” or “free” The Missouri Compromise temporarily settled

the issue of slavery and expansion. Missouri = “slave” state ; Maine = “free” state Divide the West at the 36 ‘ North Latitude Line

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850ß California statehood = added as a

free state.

ß Allowed New Mexico to decide (on slavery) = popular sovereignty

ß Stronger Fugitive Slave laws

ß 1) denied fugitives trial

ß 2) arrest all runaways (in North & West)

ß 3) citizens were required to help capture runaways

ß California statehood = added as a free state.

ß Allowed New Mexico to decide (on slavery) = popular sovereignty

ß Stronger Fugitive Slave laws

ß 1) denied fugitives trial

ß 2) arrest all runaways (in North & West)

ß 3) citizens were required to help capture runaways

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Put a human face on slavery

Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.

Encouraged Abolition in North

Enraged Southerners

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Put a human face on slavery

Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.

Encouraged Abolition in North

Enraged Southerners

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 Kansas & Nebraska attempt to enter

Union Congress allows for Popular Sovereignty

– nullifies Missouri Compromise People come from all around to vote for &

against slavery “Bleeding Kansas” = violence erupts in

Kansas between pro & anti-slavery voters

Continues to divide nation (north & south)

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott = slave from Missouri

Sued for freedom in 1846 Argued that he lived with his master in free

territory during 1830s Appeals made it to Supreme Court

1857 Supreme Court ruled against Scott Said African Americans were not citizens,

and had no right to sue in court Congress had no right to ban slavery Northerners=furious; Southerners=thrilled

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raid John Brown = radical Abolitionist Planned a raid on an arsenal at Harper’s

Ferry, VA Wanted to get weapons, arm slaves, and

lead an uprising in the South Raid failed

John Brown was captured, tried, and put to death

Became a martyr for abolitionist movement Southerners=scared of more uprisings!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

Election of 1860 Presidential Election Abraham Lincoln = Republican

candidate Republicans did not want to end slavery in

the South; Only in the Western territories Democrat (southern)vote was split…

wasted votes on 2 candidates Lincoln wins Election without winning

any Southern states Wasn’t on the ballot in some states Southerners are furious and scared

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Secession South Carolina decided in Dec. 1860, to

secede from the Union (U.S.A.) Worried that the Republicans were “hostile

to slavery” Leave U.S. before losing slavery Secede = withdraw from Union

February 1861 7 Southern states seceded (deep South) South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida,

Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas Formed a government = the Confederate

States of America

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter Fort Sumter = U.S. fort in Charleston,

SC April 12, 1861 -Southerners fired on the

Fort***This started the Civil War April 15, 1861 – Lincoln declared

“insurrection” in South Called for 75,000 troops

4 more states joined the Confederacy Arkansas, TENNESSEE, North Carolina,

Virginia* READY FOR WAR…

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Bell Work – Quick Review

Write a response to following prompt using complete sentences:

How did the presidential election of 1860 influence South Carolina’s decision to secede from the Union?

4 Utilizes well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient evidence to develop a strong topic. Contains at least 2-3 pieces of supporting evidence. Contains a logical and relevant introduction and conclusion.

3 Utilizes relevant and sufficient evidence to adequately develop the topic. Contains 1-2 pieces of supporting evidence. Contains a relevant introduction and conclusion.

2 Does not sufficiently utilize evidence to develop the topic. Contains no strong supporting evidence. No coherent introduction or conclusion.