Guidelines and Building Requirements for Factories and Services Ksa

Terms & Conditions for Construction& Supportive Services in Industrial Cities

INDEX

Introduction...............................................................................................................................1

Chapter(1)

General Regulations for Building Factories in Industrial Cities...............................21-Generals..................................................................................................................................21.1 Title........................................................................................................................................21.2 Application Fields.............................................................................................................21.3 MODON Authorities........................................................................................................21.4 Guide Update.....................................................................................................................21.5 Applicability of the Guide.............................................................................................22-OwnersandInvestors Obligations.................................................................................33- Designer's Obligations.....................................................................................................44- Supervisor's Obligations..................................................................................................45- Contractor's Obligations..................................................................................................56- General Terms for Constructing Factories..................................................................6

Chapter (2)

Planning Principles for Factory and its Related Service Buildings.........................61- Labor Requirements Determination...........................................................................71-1 Determination of Labor Requirements...................................................................71-2 Determining Plot Area Requirements......................................................................72- Principles and Criteria of Factory Layout Planning................................................72-1 Planning Criteria for Factory Design.........................................................................72-2 Principles of Factory Site Planning............................................................................83- Determining the Elements of the Factory Site.........................................................93-1 Determining Site Elements...........................................................................................93-2 Principles of Determining Factory Site Elements..............................................103-3 Planning the Site Relationship to the Outside....................................................123-4 Site Orientation..............................................................................................................124- Regulations and Administrative Systems of Land Use.......................................13

Chapter 3

Regulations of Buildings within the Industrial City....................................................141- Building Regulations........................................................................................................141-1Land Use.............................................................................................................................141-2 Set Back..............................................................................................................................141-3 Heights...............................................................................................................................151-4 Buildings............................................................................................................................171-5 Partitioning Walls............................................................................................................171-6 Floors...................................................................................................................................181-7 Factory Facades...............................................................................................................191-8 Fences.................................................................................................................................201-9 Gates and Entrances......................................................................................................211-10 Production Hall Gates in Factories Requiring....................................................231-11 Pavements......................................................................................................................231-12 Advertising Signs.........................................................................................................241-13 Office Buildings.............................................................................................................251-14 Employees facilities.....................................................................................................271-15 Open Spaces and Landscaping...............................................................................281-16 Parking Areas.................................................................................................................291-17 Loading & Unloading Zones.....................................................................................301-18 Levels of Inner Road Network..................................................................................301-19 Natural & Artificial Lighting......................................................................................311-20 Natural Ventilation.......................................................................................................321-21 Air Conditioning...........................................................................................................321-22 Electricity.........................................................................................................................341-23 Communications..........................................................................................................361-24 Potable Water.................................................................................................................381-25 Sanitary and Industrial Draining System.............................................................391-26 Rainwater drainage.....................................................................................................43

2- The Environmental Criteria and Industrial Safety Conditions...........................452-1 Air Quality Standardsn..................................................................................................452-2 Air Pollution......................................................................................................................472-3 Noise....................................................................................................................................484-2 Smelly Substances..........................................................................................................482-5 Toxic & Harmful Substances........................................................................................492-6 Flash and Flare.................................................................................................................492-7 Smoke, Dust, Vapor, and Air Polluting Substances..............................................492-8 Radiation and Radioactive Substances...................................................................492-9 Vibrations...........................................................................................................................492-10 Water Pollution..............................................................................................................5011-2 Litter (Solid Waste).......................................................................................................512-12 Fires & Explosive...........................................................................................................512-13 General Requirements for Safety in Warehouses.............................................532-14 ISO Certificate................................................................................................................53

Chapter 4

Design phases of factories & related service buildings............................................541- Phase One: Soil Studies & Settlements......................................................................542- Phase Two: Architectural Design of Buildings.........................................................553- Phase Three: Final Design...............................................................................................553-1 Architectural drawings.................................................................................................553-2 Architectural Works Requirements...........................................................................563-3 Structural Working Drawings.....................................................................................563-4 Structural Works Requirements.................................................................................563-5 Sanitary Working Drawings........................................................................................583-6 Sanitary Works Requirements....................................................................................603-7 Electrical Working Drawings.......................................................................................613-8 Electrical Works Requirements..................................................................................623-9 Electric Energy Reduction...........................................................................................643-10 Industrial Safety Working Drawings......................................................................65

3-11 Mechanical Workings Drawings..............................................................................673-12 Requirements of Industrial Services......................................................................673-13 Mechanical Works Requirements...........................................................................673-14 Landscape Drawings...................................................................................................69

Chapter 5

Application for a Building License...................................................................................701- Documents required for application..........................................................................702- Obtaining the License.....................................................................................................703- Procedures of Approving the Site Plan byMODON..............................................714- Requirements of Approving the Site Plan................................................................725- Procedures of Obtaining the Civil Defense License..............................................726- License Renewal................................................................................................................737- Coordination with the Electricity Company............................................................748- MODON Procedures in Monitoring Factories.........................................................749- The Consulting Firm Supervisory Duties..................................................................7510- Tables to be prepared in the layout drawing presented toMODON............7611- Firm Commitments towards Plans and Designs of Factories in Industrial Cities...8112- Introductory Form for the Factory............................................................................8213- Building License Form...................................................................................................8314- Building Renewal License Form................................................................................84

1Introduction

The mission of Saudi Industrial Property Authority (MODON) is to establish, develop, maintain and operate industrial cities and technology zones. The authority is to develop the needed rules, specifications and performance standards, in the light of article (11) of the executive law for organizing MODON, approval No. (5/2003) in 3/12/1423 Hijri, under article 19, paragraph 3. These rules, specifications and standards are to be issued to cope with build-ing design regulations in industrial cities, technical standards, environmental issues, and safety requirements.

According to Article (36) of the executive law, industrial cities are to be utilized for the same purposes they are designated to house. The authority is then to ensure beneficiaries commitment to the developed rules, specifica-tions and technical standards. Further, they are to maintain natural and built environments in coordination with the private sector and governmental bodies responsible for achieving these objectives.

For the authority to accomplish the stated objectives, a guide to regulate building the factories and their supporting services appears crucial. The targeted guide is to:

Identify structural, environmental and technical specifications, and security & safety requirements.

Identify the procedures required for a factory or service to be granted the license, as well as identifying the role of involved bodies.

Identify requirements and specications consultants should follow in vari ous stages of the design process.

In this context, the guide appears to provide the ground on which clients and consultants can easily deal with MODON; clearly identifying technical specifi-cations and requirements.

2Chapter1General Regulations for Building Factories in Industrial Cities

1-Generals1-1 Title

1-1-1- Regulations, specifications and technical standards included in this guide are entitled "Saudi Industrial Cities Building Guide" (SICBG). Further, it is referred to as the guide or the SICBG.

1.2- Application Fields

1.2.1- The guide is the only reference for building, expanding, and demolishing, partially or totally, factories and services buildings in the KSA industrial cities. The guide is to be applied to existing and future industrial cities.

1.3- MODON Authorities

1.3.1- Issuing and monitoring the application of the guide in the KSA industrial cities.1.3.2- Interpreting and detailing the guide and its related procedures and requirements. Modifications are not valid unless a written approval of the authority is granted.

1.4- Guide Update

1.4.1- Based on its application, the guide can be updated by the authority. Modifications are to be considered an integral part of the guide itself, having the same power and validity.

1.5- Applicability of the Guide

1.5.1- This guide meets all KSA laws and regulations, civil and religious. It also meets all agreements committed by the KSA.

31.5.2- The Saudi building code and other international codes, accredited by the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO), and their provisions and standards are to be considered as a reference and an integral part of the guide.1.5.3- The updated publications and regulations of the Ministry of Health, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority, the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment, and the General Directorate of Civil Defense are an integral part of this guide. These publications are to be applied when no text is available in the guide concerning these issues.1.5.4- If a conflict arises between the guide regulations and some code requirements, and a compromise is difficult to achieve without influencing the specified terms; then the higher requirement has the priority in application.1.5.5- If one design document or notice between the work parties indicated the guide, or part of it, as a reference; this indication will have the same obligatory impact as the guide itself, according to the extent the indication clarifies.

2- Owners and Investors Obligations

2-1- Commitment to all regulations and terms of the guide.2-2- Respecting others' proprietary rights, for those who have existing adjacent properties, whether these rights are material or moral.2-3- Coordination with adjacent existing projects owners, and helping them to restore any damages to their buildings as a result of constructing his own building.2-4- The owner is not to contract with design and construction firms that are not accredited by MODON.2-5- Preparing layouts by a Saudi firm qualified in factory planning and design, provided that they include the following: - Layouts are signed and sealed with the firm seal. - Enclosing a valid copy of the firm license. The license is to be submitted to MODON.

42-6- Making sure that the necessary approvals and procedures are met before setting out to work. No accredited design modification is requested before applying for a modification license.

3- Designer's Obligations

3-1- Commitment to the design regulations and terms as issued in the guide.3-2- Accomplishing design works according to the guide as well as the global design code, preparing documents, schedules, specifications, quantities, etc.3-3 - No modifications are to be made in MODON accredited designs. In case such modifications are made during construction, they must be accredited by MODON.3-4 - It is forbidden to specify, use, or adopt any materials that may lead to lethal smokes or gases. Also, nuclear and environmentally polluting activities are forbidden.3-5 - The designer must revise designs, specifications and quantities and make sure that they meet the terms of the Guide, the Saudi Building Code, and the global specifications accredited by the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization.

4- Supervisor's Obligations

4-1- Commitment to all regulations and terms of the guide.4-2- Monitoring the contractor's work in-site. 4-3- Applying the environmental & professional health systems in-site, such as OHSAS18001, and ISO14001.4-4- Checking that the work carried out corresponds to the designs and layouts accredited by MODON.4-5- No modifications execution or accreditation is to be allowed during construction, without first obtaining MODON's approval

54-6 - Making sure that the contractor is achieving all design details, coordinating and illustrating all details on the working drawings sheets.4-7- Taking care of the project site appearance.4-8- Sticking to systems and traditions followed in construction sites.4-9- Making sure that the regulatory procedures of the factory follow the Industrial Cities Administration rules. 4-10- Pre paring monthly reports on work progress in the factory according to the accredited layouts. In the reports, the supervisor must indicate how committed he is to the terms and specifications of this guide. Reports are to be sent to the Industrial City Administration on a monthly basis.

5- Contractor's Obligations

5-1- Commitment to all regulations and terms of the guide.5-2- Commitment to drawings and the building license.5-3 - Applying the environmental & professional health system in-site, such as ISO9001: 2000.5-4 - Sticking to specifications and industry principles in implementing the project.5-5- Being responsible for compliance of all devices and equipment used in the building with the SASO requirements, whether fire and safety equipment or mechanical and electrical devices, and its approved global standards- in case there are no local corresponding ones.5-6- Making sure that the regulatory procedures of the factory follow the Industrial Cities Administration rules.5-7- Fol lo wing the technical principles of digging and handling adjacent buildings in a way that guarantees safety. Further, digging outcomes must be transported away and not stored in outer roads or side Set Back.

66- General Terms for Constructing Factories

6-1- The factory must be licensed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry or the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority.6-2- Food, drugs, and cosmetics factories must be granted the license of the Ministry of Health and the SFDA; to assure product quality and its compliance with the general health standards. The SFDA website is to be reviewed to know health requirements in food factories and their staff (www.sfda-gov.sa). 6-3- Factories with a potential of environmental pollution should be granted an environmental license from the PME.6-4- The requested area is granted according to the manufacturing and production requirements of the factory.6-5- The minimum level of modern equipment and machinery technology, and manufacturing methods is to be provided in the factory.6-6 - Plots are appropriately allocated for each industrial project in the industrial city, after revising them by MODON. Future expansions are to be taken into consideration, if they are sufficiently justified.6-7- Land leasing priority in industrial cities is granted to industries that agree with the development required for the industrial renaissance of the KSA according to its five-year development plan.6-8- Plots are allocated for factories outside the industrial cities in case moving them is deemed necessary for implementing expansions to increase capacity, or introduce new products according to their licenses.6-9- The investor is to establish his factory on the allocated plot in the industrial city according to a contract with MODON, or with the private industrial city owner, according to the contract nature: leasing, selling, or usufruct. The factory owner is committed to the terms and requirements in the industrial cities concerning construction, operation, and maintenance.

7Chapter 2Planning Principles for Factory and its Related Service Buildings

1- Determination of Labor Requirements and Area1-1- Determination of Labor Requirements

1-1-1- Setting the criteria of determining the size of labor force according to the industrial activity and the degree of automation.1-2- Determining Plot Area Requirements1-2-1-Determining plot dimensions (including industrial buildings, back-up services, offices, and Set Back)1-2-2 Determining land use within the factory (factory buildings, road percentage, utilities, and other services)1-2-3 Determining factory area based on the type of industry (built area, circulation lines, roads for in-factory shipping and loading, parking zones, future expansion, and landscaping)1-2-4 Determining covered in-site area (buildings percentage; leaving sufficient space for trucks parking & movement, and storing raw materials and other factory products). It is determined depending on the factory type.1-2-5 Optimum distribution of the built area (production, warehouses, offices, employees services, and electricity supply services) according to the factory type.

2- Principles and Criteria of Factory Layout Planning 2-1 Planning Criteria for Factory Design

2-1-1 Plot-surrounding land use.2-1-2 Regulations and laws applied in the industrial city.2-1-3 Topography and geology of the site, soil qualifications and land drainage.

82-1-4 Climate, prevailing winds exposure, and smoke carrying winds2-1-5 Environmental control and lighting (natural and artificial)2-1-6 Noise suppression from adjacent buildings2-1-7 Building shape 2-1-8 Building area & height (volume)2-1-9 Factory building types2-1-10 Potential extension and future expansion2-1-11 Site surrounding roads2-1-12 Places of loading, unloading, commodity circulation, and maneuvering zone.2-1-13 Vehicles, trucks, and private car entrances; and parking zones (visitors- staff- trucks)2-1-14 Location of utilities and service sources2-1-15 Safety and security requirements of the factory

2-2 Principles of Factory Site Planning2-2-1 Unity: Designing the site as one integrated unit, so that production flow is accomplished without any stage interference.2-2-2 Flexibility: The expected practical flexibility for product changes, vertical and horizontal expansion possibilities, providing sufficient area for meeting current and future needs, and the scheduled stages for reaching the maximum capacity.2-2-3 Clarity: by separating circulation types so as not to have flow interference, and separating production sectors by the movement axes network.2-2-4 Economy: the optimum use of the available land by providing layout planning alternatives to accomplish economy.

92-2-5 Maintaining product flow: ease of access and connection among the project elements.2-2-6 Orientation: Placing production units and architectural elements to make the optimum circulation of flow.2-2-7 Compatibility with surrounding uses: by organizing the relationship among the entrances, the exits, and the outer road network.2-2-8 Accommodating employees and visitors in the factory: to prevent in-site excess and extra movement.2-2-9 Providing employees comfort: to ensure increasing their productivity by providing services (Masjed, water closets, and clinic), parking zones, pedestrian walks, and landscaping elements.2-2-10 Studying factory buildings interrelationship: based on operations sequence; separating irrelevant operations and isolating hazardous ones.2-2-11 Designing the appearance and main facades: to make a unique identity for the factory. The design should pay attention to the outer shape and the visual image in the light of the building requirements and the planning principles.

3- Determining the Elements of the Factory Site3-1 Determining Site Elements 3-1-1 Administration: office buildings and guards room.3-1-2 Employees facilities: employees services inside the factory.3-1-3 Research & labs: Labs, research centers and training centers.3-1-4 Manufacturing: primary and secondary production units.3-1-5 Warehouses: production warehouse (interfering with production lines), operation warehouses (not interfering, such as spare parts warehouses), general warehouses (for equipment and waste) and raw material warehouses, provided that the in-site permanent warehouses have sufficient stock for one-month production.

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3-1-6 Supporting engineering services: electrical power units, water supplying, sanitation and waste establishments, civil defense requirements, safety & security, ventilation, and fire alarming.3-1-7 Entrances and gates: car entrance, staff entrance, the disabled entrance, and access gates.3-1-8 Loading zones: raw material loading zones, and product loading zones.

3-2 Principles of Determining Factory Site Elements3-2-1 Location of production operations (product planning process planning); is identified according to the production line flow, and the type of connection network between site elements. This is based on the following: Allocating buildings of the same type in one production zone. Arranging production zones according to production ow. Accomplishing in-site production ow using circulation axes network (road network). Taking into consideration the implementation stages, type of extension, and future horizontal expansion.3-2-2 Location of administrative units: (top management, production service administrative units, marketing administrative units, financial administrative units, and social administrative units). In determining their relationship to the factory site, all these units must meet two conditions: Achieving direct connection among units. Achieving connection with the site and the outside.3-2-3 All administrative units are to be gathered in one building (general administration) that is directly connected with the road network and the site.3-2-4 Employees facilities should be located near the work zone. It should be separated efficiently from the noise and appearance of the work zone, with a beautiful out view.

3-2-5 Research centers and central facilities: should be in separate buildings. Labs are to be allocated next to the manufacturing zone.3-2-6 Supporting engineering services (parking lots, reservoirs, electrical power plant, loading and unloading, sanitation and waste establishments, pumping plant, and the industrial waste establishment) they are to be along the front faade, noting that each service element has its own site requirements according to its importance in the factory (and according to building and environmental protection requirements addressed in Chapter 3).3-2-7 Warehouses location: the location criteria differ according to function and operation, as well as the direct connection with the road network surrounding the site: Uncovered warehouses: are to be located opposite to the prevailing wind direction. Progress warehouses: should be located in the center of the production units. Also they must have direct connection to the outside. Final warehouses (export): should be located at the end of the production processes, with a two-sided direct connection to the units and the outer road. Spare parts warehouses: They are varied. They can be split so that each is close to the place it serves. They may be gathered in the middle of the production elements, according to the site conditions. General warehouses: They serve all site elements. They should be located in the middle of the site having a strong connection to the outside.3-2-8 After finishing the determination of the project elements; a layout is to be made up for the factory.

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3-3 Planning the Site Relationship to the Outside3-3-1 There should be integration between the site planning and the main internal movement axes with the outer site determinants such as road networks, to achieve the best way of supplying the factory with raw material, production exit, and employees in/out circulation. The site is to be connected to the outside by three movement types: Raw material inlet: the cornerstone in constructing the layout. It is the center of receiving raw materials. It should be closely connected to the road network. Production outlet: a daily movement in which the transported quantities are rather small. The outlet movement must be close to the final warehouses. Production outlets should be directly connected to the outer road network. The designer must assign a parking place for trucks, and under-loading vehicles so that they dont cause jams or disturbances in the road network. Employees entrance and exit: a daily movement with xed times. Both entering and exiting occur at the same time. It is better to separate entrances from exits. Design should take into consideration the flow rates. Entrances and exits should be located according to the following: - Raw material entrances. - Production exits. - Labor inlets & outlets.

3-4 Site Orientation 3-4-1 Determining each production zone in the best possible part of the site so as to meet the following: Maximum use of the area & shape of the site. Integration of site planning and the main internal circulation axes with the site surrounding land use. Achieving the most efcient production ow. Keeping a beautiful neat faade.

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4- Regulations and Administrative Systems of Land Use4-1 Sticking to the industrial activity land use according to zone specifications in the industrial city.4-2 Sticking to limitations and provisions of the selling/lease contract: to make sure that the owner/leaseholder maintains the building and the city attraction. These provisions are concerned with: Land uses (authorized, or forbidden) in the industrial city. Improvements of land use (provisions for developing the plot, such as: land occupancy, heights, built areas, walls, ads, etc). Supplementary uses (allocating parking lots for employees vehicles and trucks, a place for loading and unloading, workers place, landscaped zone around the factory, etc).4-3 No modification is to be made to existing buildings without MODON permission.4-4 Building uses are restricted to those determined by the selling/leasing contracts.4-5 No signs are to be put on the building without MODON permission.4-6 The Set Back and the roof are not to be used for storage purposes, especially waste.4-7 Maintaining the buildings in a good shape, and performing regular maintenance.4-8 MODON has the right to add other articles to supplement the former ones, during the development of the industrial city. It has the right to: Collect fees from every owner/leaseholder to cover the expenses of city maintenance according to the systems proposed by the authority. Impose nes and penalties on abusing factory beneciaries. There is to be no complacency in their application.

Chapter 3Regulations of Buildings within the Industrial City

1- Building Regulations1-1 Land Occupation

1-1-1 For industrial uses, 45-50% of the plot area is built on.1-1-2 Circulations, routes, Set Back, parking areas, landscaped area, and loading & unloading are to occupy 15-30% of the plot area.1-1-3 The area of future extension is not to be more than 25% of the area.1-1-4 Warehouses (raw materials & final product) are not to exceed 30% of the area.1-1-5 Office buildings and facilities are not to exceed 10% of the area.

Table 1: Land Occupation Percentages in the Industrial City

Source: Neufert Architects Data for Industrial Building P.262, and previous projects.

1-1-6 Percentages might be modified according to specific factory requirements, so that the minimum level of industrial use should not be less than 45% of the area.1-1-7 Floor Area Ratio (built area to plot area ratio) must not exceed 2.1-1-8 MODON may approve increasing the ratio, based on a documented proposal from the investor; proving the need of his factory.

Area %Item

Industrial buildings

Circulations, routes, Set Back, parking areas,

landscaped area, and loading & unloading

Warehouses (raw materials & final product)

Office buildings

Facilities

Future extension

45-50 %

15-30 %

20-30 %

5 %

5 %

25 %

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1-2 Set Back

1-2-1 The front Set Back (to the street) is not to be less than 12m. Side and back Side should not be less than 5m (or the Set Back should allow truck circulation-especially at turns- without hitting existing buildings).1-2-2 No establishments are to be in the Set Back. Exceptions are the electricity room, the main switchgears of the reserve generator, the guards room, parking areas, and gas & fuel tanks (to be placed in the front Set Back), fig (1).

Fig.(1) Set Back and their utilization, plot on single road.

1-2-3 In case the side streets are 20m or 30m wide, a 3m trim should be made from each side, with an angle of 45, fig.(2).1-2-4 The front Set Back may be utilized as a private car, or bus parking area (length is not to exceed 6m perpendicular to the fence); or as open green areas.

Fig. (2) Set Back and their utilization, plot on two perpendicular roads.

Not lessthan 5m

Car Parking

Guards room

Gas & Fuel tanks

Electricity room

Switchgears

Pavement

Factory

Not lessthan5m

Notlessthan5m

Main EntranceRoad not less than 40m

12 m

3m

3m

45

Car parking

Guards room

Gas & Fuel tanks

Electricity room

Switchgears

Pavement

Factory

Main EntranceFront road 20-30m

12 m

5

Sid

e ro

ad 2

0-30

m

Side Entrance

The recession should allow

truck circulation

Not lessthan 5m

Notlessthan5m

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1-2-5 Building occupancy ratio within the factory, is as follows:

Table 2: Buildings occupancy ratio within the factory

Based on Set Back

1-3 Heights1-3-1 The maximum height of production units is 20m, measured from the surrounding streets level, to the highest point in the hall ceiling, fig.(3).1-3-2 The minimum height of production units is 6m, measured from the surrounding streets level, to the hall ceiling.

1-3-3 In special cases requiring increasing the height more than the addressed limits, an approval from MODON has to be granted after justification.

Fig.(3) The maximum permissible height of the production halls(20m, measured from the surrounding streets highest level).

Occupancy ratio (%)Plot area (m2)

Up to 5000

5000 - 10000

10000 -20000

20000 - 30000

More than 30000

65 %

70 %

75 %

80 %

85 %

Not lessthan 6m

Not morethan 20m

Street levelProductionhall

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1-3-4 The production area, and product & raw material warehouses may be housed within multi-story buildings, but not exceeding the permitted maximum height.1-3-5 In case the production hall is two-storey, it must be equipped with fire escapes spaced 30m as maximum- and according to the civil defense requirements.

1-4 Buildings1-4-1 Pre-engineered steel structures are preferred, as they provide calculated buildings, with less weight than normal steel buildings; easier to modify; and more accurate in calculating loads.1-4-2 The space between any two buildings is no less than 5m, fig. (4).

Fig.(4) Spaces between buildings

1-5 Partitioning Walls1-5-1 Factory walls must be built from blocks of 2m height minimum from the ground, fig.(5).1-5-2 If there is a high risk related to the factory; complete separation between the production area and the warehouses must be accomplished; taking into consideration the fire rate of this partitioning wall.

Not lessthan 5m

H1

H2

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Fig.(5) Building blocks of 2m height minimum from the ground.

1-6 Floors1-6-1 Food or drug factory floors are to be made of acid resisting materials, epoxy, or other materials provided that they are impermeable, non-absorbing, easy-to-clean, non-slipping, non-toxic, free from pits and cracks, and vapor & alkaline resistant.1-6-2 Floor expansion joints are to be made according to specifications of the used floor materials, fig. (6). Also columns and machine foundations are to be insulated.1-6-3 Floors should be inclined to facilitate washing and draining.

Fig. (6) Floor models

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1-7 Factory Facades1-7-1 Paying attention to different facades design, particularly in factories over locking more than one road, fig.(7).1-7-2 The optimum area of the outer openings (windows) is 15-25% of the wall area.1-7-3 In the production hall; windows are not to be less than 1m wide and 1m high.1-7-4 Light colored materials should be used in faade finishing, as they suit hot climate environments.1-7-5 Finishing materials of the facades are to be modern building materials that meet beauty requirements in the industrial city, such as stainless steel, aluminum, glass, concrete, or coated blocks.1-7-6 No air conditioning units are allowed to appear in the outer facades. Architectural approaches, which provide a visually comfortable urban setting, are to be followed.

Fig.(7) Attention to designing outer facades of the factory

1-7-7 Consider, in designing faade openings, that they do not let in pests, insects, birds, and environmental pollutants such as smoke and dust.

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1-8 Fences1-8-1 Fences from all Sides ( all around the factoty) must be of square steel sections, according to the model approved by MODON, fig.(8).1-8-2 The wall consists of the following elements: - Reinforced concrete beams not less than 30cm above the ground, and supported by reinforced concrete foundations spanned 5m in between. - Structural steel columns (cross section 6*10 cm) spanned 5m in between, with heights not less than 2.5m. - Vertical steel sections (6*3 cm) spaced 13-15 cm, with heights not less than 2.5m. - The vertical steel sections are connected to the wall with steel ties of circular rods 25 mm in diameter. - The fence is to be painted with an epoxy weather resisting paint, white, beige, grey, or black. - All fences of road facing factories are to be painted in the specific color of the zone in which the factory is located, as specified by the administration of the city, or according to the type of industrial activity.- Globe lamps (100 watt) are to be installed on the lighting posts.- Execution is to be done according to the technical specifications of fence works, specified by MODON.

Fig. (8) Fence model approved by MODON

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1-9 Gates and Entrances1-9-1 Entrances are to be located on the side streets (20-30m) only. No entrances are allowed on streets wider than 30m.1-9-2 Factory gates must not open to the main roads (40m wide or more), unless there are no side roads leading to the factory to open a gate on, according to the industrial city requirements, fig.(9).

Fig.(9) Entrances from side streets

1-9-3 If the factory owner wishes to have gates on main roads (more than 40m wide), he must coordinate with MODON therein, for modifying inlets & exits according to the models authorized by MODON so as to make harmony between the circulation into the factory and the main roads, fig.(10).1-9-4 Each factory should have at least two gates, not less than 6m wide each. This is for plots wider than 30m, fig.(11).1-9-5 In case the plot is not wider than 30m, it should have a minimum of 2 gates: one main (not less than 5m wide), and a secondary one (no less than 3m wide), fig.(12).

Entrance

Entrance

Main street 40mSi

de

road

20-

30m

22

Fig. (10) Entrances from main streets, when there are no facades on the side street.

Fig.(11) Factory gate dimensions if faade is more than 30m wide

Fig.(12) Factory gate dimensions if faade is not more than 30m wide

Main street 40m

EntranceEntrance

In case faade is more than 30m wide

Gate Gate

6m 6m

Road 20-30m

In case faade is not more than 30m wide

Main gateSecondarygate

3m 5m

Road 20-30m

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1-9-6 Each factory must have an employees entrance gate, and other gates for materials and products.1-9-7 All outer & inner gates are of the sliding type, or roll-up doors.1-9-8 The outer gates must be as high as the wall (2.5m), while the inner ones are not to be lower than the outer ones.1-9-9 Factories should have special entrances for the disabled.1-9-10- Outer gates should be designed in harmony with the fence, be simple and innovative in design, with state-of-the art, control and monitoring devices.

1-10 Production Hall Gates in Factories Requiring Special Cleaning1-10-1 Factories requiring special cleaning; e.g. food, drug, and beverage factories, must have two doors, one opens as the other is closed. These doors are automatically controlled by an air shutter. In such case, the doors are of non-absorbing surfaces.1-10-2 Use plastic air curtains for controlling inter-zone temperatures. Also, they should be used inside where production areas may be exposed to dust, insects, or air.

1-11 Pavements1-11-1 Pavements, no less than 60cm wide and 15 cm high from the surrounding roads levels, should be made around the production halls, fig.(13).

Fig.(13) pavement dimensions around production halls.

Min of 60cm wide

Min of 60cm wide

15cm

Production hall

24

1-11-2 The minimum width of roads surrounding the factory is 3.5m, according to fig.(14).

Fig.(14) Minimum width of roads surrounding the factory.

1-12 Advertising Signs1-12-1 The factory is obliged to put a sign of its name according to MODON model, fig.(15). Except for that no signs are to be fixed or installed in the hanger, forbidden locations, walls or office building roofs.

Fig.(15) MODON model for advertising signs.

Factory

Pave

men

t

Pave

men

t

Serv

ice

road

not

less

than

3.5

m w

ide

Factory Fence

25

1-12-2 The sign is to be made of aluminum according to the following: - Specifications: 275cm height, 245cm width from both sides. The advertising side is 200121cm. - Structure: Two aluminum sections. Section (1): aluminum pipe 3mm thick, 13mm dia. Section (2) 4mm thick aluminum, outer diameter 15.85cm. The front and back sides of the sign: cladding aluminum, 4mm thick, white. - Advertising material: 3M vinyl for printing logo, gradient colors fixed on the cladding- 3M reflecting sticker (beehive), computer cut crystal (plotter) for factory names and logos. - Painting: post is painted by in-design paint to prevent the effects of temperature, humidity and natural elements. Color: silver. Advertising side is to be painted by in-design paint that prevents the effects of temperature, humidity, and natural elements. Color: white. - The sign is to be fixed on a concrete base (505050cm), 14mm SABIC steel- 320 kg readymade cement cubes- stainless screws painted and rust resisting, 8 for each sign.1-12-3 MODON will choose a contractor to construct the sign. The cost is to be added to the sums required from the factory.

1-13 Office Buildings 1-13-1 The office building must be separated (by fire rated wall ) from the production zone.1-13-2 It is not allowed to use the office building as accommodation for workers.1-13-3 The location of the office building is to be in the front side facing the main road. No office buildings are to be located in the back or the sides without first having a MODON permission, unless there are operational requirements, fig.(16).

26

Fig.(16) Office building location and employees facilities.

1-13-4 Office buildings and other separate service establishments are allowed to be a ground floor and three other floors, with a maximum height of 16m, including the final barbet. In that case buildings are equipped with fire escapes according to civil defense requirements.1-13-5 The office building consists of staff rooms in different departments, managers zone, meeting rooms, and secretarial rooms. In addition there are the necessary services; water closets, buffet, warehouse, archive rooms, and other staff services.1-13-6 The minimum width of the administrative building gate is 2m.1-13-7 The main corridors of office buildings are at least 2m wide, while secondary corridors are at least of 1.5m wide.1-13-8 The office building facades are to be of distinguished architectural style.1-13-9 The office buildings must have distinguished finishing, appropriate for the nature of the industrial city. Stainless steel, glass, aluminum, or other satisfactory materials may be used to give the building a special faade, fig.(17).

OfficeBuilding

Neighbor

5

Neighbor

Neighbor

Factory

Fence

FacilityBuilding

Entrance

Factory main facade

12

Factory

Buildings

27

Fig.(17) Special care for office building outer facades design

1-13-10 The interior divisions of the office buildings are to be dimensionally appropriate for the function of the space. Gypsum board partitions are preferred for use between spaces.1-13-11 Natural lighting and ventilation must be provided within the office buildings.1-13-12 There must be entrances for the disabled in the office building.1-3-13 The office building should be separated from the facilities building, in large factories.

1-14 Employees facilities1-14-1 The minimum level of facilities in production halls is: a praying space, a dining hall, water closets, a buffet, a dressing room, a first-aids room; provided that they suit the number of workers present.1-14-2 The individuals share in the praying space is 0.8m2/person, and 1m2/person in the dining hall.1-14-3 The first aids is 10m2 minimum.1-14-4 The following criteria are to be met: one washing basin/15 persons, a closet/15 persons, a cold water fridge/60 persons, an ablution tap/15 persons, and a wardrobe for each worker.1-14-5 When the factory population reaches 250 workers, it should have a social service center including a masjed. When the number reaches more than 300 persons, there must be a resident physician. In case the number is 5000, an ambulance must be provided.

28

1-14-6 It is totally forbidden to have accommodation for workers or staff within the factory boundaries, except for the guards room.1-14-7 Facilities are not to open directly to production halls. Posters of hygienic principles should be provided to prevent polluting products, particularly in food & drug factories.

1-15 Open Spaces and Landscaping1-15-1 The front court is used for landscaping. A minimum of 5% of the plot area is used for open spaces.1-15-2 Open spaces should be landscaped and planted with evergreens and green areas. They must have pedestrian walkways, uncovered parking areas, taking into consideration matching their locations with entrances, circulation, and fences, fig.(18).

Fig.(18): Landscape of open spaces around production halls

29

1-16 Parking Areas1-16-1 The factory must provide sufficient parking areas for cars, trucks, and buses within the factory so that they fit the number of employees, visitors, and raw materials & product circulation, table 3, according to the rates below:- A parking space for every 160-200m2 of the warehouses area.- A parking space for every 120-160m2 of the production halls area.

Table 3. Car parking rates according to factory usages.

Source: Consultant, a number of studies approved by the Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs, and other studies.

1-16-2 Each car parking space must be not less than 2.65.5m. Between car rows there must be at least a 6m route, for perpendicular parking, a 5.5m for a 45 parking, and a 3.5m for route-parallel parking, fig.(19).

Fig.(19) Car parking dimensions

Usage within factoryRate

One car/160-200 m2

One car/120-160 m2

One car/40 m2

warehouses area

production halls area

Office buildings area

Perpendicular Parking45 Parking

5,5m

Route-Parallel Parking

5,5m

2,6m

5,5m 5,5m6m

2,6

m

5,5m

3,5

m

30

1-16-3 The front Set Back may be used as a parking area, fig.(20).

Fig.(20) Car parking in the front Set Back within the factory

1-17 Loading & Unloading Zones1-17-1 A portion of the space is allocated for loading & unloading according to the factory needs.1-17-2 The loading & unloading zones are to be determined on the layout.1-17-3 The loading area is to have appropriate dimensions.1-17-4 Vehicles and trucks must maneuver easily, provided that sufficient space is left for turning of big trucks, according to the type of factory products.

1-18 Levels of Inner Road Network1-18-1 To facilitate entering and exiting from the factory, the final level of the inner roads is not to exceed the level of the road asphalt, in front of the factory, with more than 35cm, fig.(21).

Not morethan 35cm

Interiorroads levelProduction hall

Road level

1-19 Natural & Artificial Lighting1-19-1 Production halls should be day lighted unless otherwise specified by the factory functions. The lighting openings should have sufficient area, not less than 10% of the space area.1-19-2 Lighting (natural or artificial) is not to increase the temperature within the building.1-19-3 Natural or artificial lighting used in food & drug factories should be sufficient so as not to cause inaccuracy in determining colors used. Lamps on the production wall are to be of secure type, so as not to pollute products if broken. They must not cause shadows or much brightness.1-19-4 Day lighting must be provided in employees facilities.1-19-5 The factory is obliged to illuminate the fence with lighting fixtures of a weather resisting type. Lamps are no less than 100w power per 5m of the fence length.1-19-6 The factory is obliged to illuminate the inner road network with lighting fixtures of a weather resisting type, and appropriate power for the factory nature, needs, and operation.

1-20 Natural Ventilation1-20-1 All office, service, and labor buildings must be naturally ventilated to prevent air pollution.1-20-2 Variation of natural ventilation means: windows, and ceiling openings according to the building type (office, facilities, production hall), and the nature of space usage.

1-21 Air Conditioning1-21-1 All establishments within the factory must be centrally conditioned, with a programmed-control operation system.

31

32

1-21-2 All air conditioning design specifications and general requirements are to be met; whether in the general specifications, the Saudi code, or other accredited codes such as the ARI or the ASHRAE.1-21-3 If cooling services are available in the industrial city, the factory is obliged to use a central cooling system in ventilating and conditioning the buildings. In such case, necessary settings are to be made on the fence for connecting the service by the cooling service provider. Settings are to be made according to the instruction and terms of the cooling service provider. The discharge cooling water is not be drained to the drainage network before checking their compatibility with the environmental criteria.1-21-4 Split conditioning units are not to be used without a prior permission, according to the site conditions, the type of production, and the availability of cooling services in the city. No conditioning units are to be installed on the outer faades of the hangers or the office buildings.1-21-5 Central cooling units are not to be installed on hangers near the main faade of the campus or in side Set Back. The designer has to provide the solution for placing the units, whether by increasing Set Back distances or through architectural design without violating the terms of this item.1-21-6 Outer walls and roofs must include a proper thermal insulation to reduce the conditioning loads.1-21-7 Safe operation must be accomplished, so that the system or any of its components is not a source of hazard, fire for example. Also, it must not cause fire or smoke transfer from one place to another according to the NFPA code.1-21-8 The system should be capable of handling fire smokes (NFPA& ASHRAE).

1-21-9 Air conditioning mechanical works - Ventilation rates for industrial purposes are to be met according to the needs, provided they meet the ASHRAE code. - Food industry conditioning equipment must have two-phase hi-tech systems with filters. - Duct construction must meet the ASHRAE code. - All air openings must be covered with sand traps, and insect mesh windows. - The inner ventilation of the industrial environment should meet the air exchange flow rate stated in the ASHRAE. - All ventilation & air conditioning equipments are designed to work 24 hours a day at a maximum ambient temperature of 50c. - All warehouses are to be equipped with ventilation systems with a minimum air exchange rate of 10 times per hour. In halls, the rates are, for example: - 20 to 25 times per hour for foundries, furnaces, painting, mills, and thermal forming & forging. - 15 to 20 times per hour for machines, equipment, and workshops. - The office building must be air conditioned. - Ventilation rate in kitchens and water closets is to be secured at 8 to 10 times per hour. - Textile factories are to be air conditioned, maintaining a relative humidity ratio not exceeding 65%. - Exhaust gases are to be treated properly before emitting them, so as to reduce pollution. - All control and electricity rooms are to be air conditioned. - Proper treatment is to be provided for boiler feeding water networks, and cooled water. Water is to be secured for machines requiring cooled water, or treatments in their operation. - Saving electric energy is to be considered in cooling and ventilation. - Air conditioning equipment is to be selected accurately, with the lowest electric consumption.

33

34

- Central air conditioning equipments are to have a programmed control system.- Air curtains must be used for doors frequently opened in conditioned areas.

1-22 Electricity 1-22-1 A room is to be provided for the electric transformers of the grid, according to the grid specifications. The room design is to be verified by the electricity company. Any modifications required by the company are to be made in the design phase, before starting construction.1-22-2 General specifications of the transformers room are: - The min. dimensions are 54m, 3m height, on a vault of 1.8m min. height. - The room must overlook the street. - The room door must be 2.7m minimum height, and 1.8m wide. - The floor level of this room is to be at least 30cm higher than the level of the pavement. - The transformer room construction is to be done according to plans and specifications accredited by the electricity company.1-22-3 The initial estimates of power are calculated on a basis of 55-110w/m2 of the factory area.1-22-4 The electricity company is responsible for supplying power to the industrial cities (the factory is to coordinate with the company branch on supplying electric power), stating the estimates of electrical loads needed.

35

Table (4): Guide rates of electric power according to industrial activities

Source: International Standards

1-22-5 The following should be considered in reducing electric power consumption: - Selecting less power consuming machinery. - Setting machinery in the best sequence of usage. - Using suitable thermal insulators for steam, and hot/cold air lines. - Benefiting from air & hot solar gases, thermal restoring processes, and other alternatives for saving power in production. - Insulating buildings externally, as well as insulating surfaces. - Using colors that increase solar rays reflection.

Industrial activitiesRate of electric power consumption

(KVA/m2)

2/50 m2

3/50 m2

2/50 m2

2/60 m2

2/60 m2

4/100 m2

6/75 m2

4/60 m2

3/30 m2

Food

Textiles & readymade clothes

Wood, wood products & furniture

Paper, printing & publishing

Chemicals & plastics

Building materials, ceramics & glass

Basic metal industries

Metal products, machinery & equipment

Storing & refrigeration reservoirs

36

1-23 Communications1-23-1 Each plot is connected to phone cables (min. 5 lines). Connection is to be done by the telecommunications company.1-23-2 Coordination with the communication service provider in the industrial city is to take place.1-23-3 Sticking to the technical specifications of the internal extensions that should be considered in interior design. These are: - All cabling solutions are to be hidden, and extended in suitable ducts. They must be sufficient to meet current and future communication services needs. - The extensions of communication cables are to be in separate ducts. No other cables are to be housed in the same duct carrying the communication cables, since it will be difficult for the Saudi communications to do provide the service. - No other service circuits (other than communications) are to be in one cable or line with the communications circuits. - If necessary, soldering of wires is to be done in the boxes used for drawing cables. Such soldering should be avoided in ducts between boxes. - Wires or cables (min.: 4 wires, or 10 pairs of cables) are to be extended in a duct to the point of connecting service to the building, at the location of connection joint. In case there are several separate buildings in a factory; a cable from each building has to be extended to the joint, or to a single location in the main building to be, then, drawn to the joint box. - A suitable number of sockets, 2 at least, per room has to be provided.

37

- The communications company is to connect the terminals of hidden wires, or the terminals of secondary cable pairs, and make the necessary connections at the users joint box. - The communications company is not responsible for providing cables or wires for connecting the users devices behind the joint box. - The developer is to provide ducts made from commercially available PVC, 30-50mm in diameter, to cover the future needed communications cables & wires. These ducts are for this purpose only. - Communication wires used are to be in accordance with the Saudi communications specifications. - The communication outlets are to be of the Saudi communication standard type, with 4 screw sockets, or typical integrated sockets (ARG11). They are leveled with the wall surface on the service outlet boxes fixed in the wall. - All sockets and plugs to be used, must be of the communications type. It is totally forbidden to use sockets and plugs of electrical service. - A cavity is to be made on the outer facade of the factory fence wall. A duct (open channel) has to be made from this cavity to the ground level. A PVC channel, inner diameter of 100mm, is to be extended from the duct terminal to a depth of 30 cm in the ground, extending 15cm behind property borders.1-24-2 The outer connections are to be of a 40mm min.dia. The necessary valves connected to the grid are to be selected by the potable water service provider of the industrial city.1-24-3 There is to be coordination with the industrial city operator.1-24-4 The initial estimates of potable water and fire water are to be calculated according to the following guides:- - High requirements factories: 200m3/acre/day. - Low requirements factories: 25m3/acre/day. - Labor needs: 30L/person/day.

38

1-24-5 The initial estimates of factory industrial water needs are set to 30-40m3/acre/day.1-24-6 Water needed for irrigation within factories is estimated to be 10mm/day/m2.1-24-7 The maximum limit of harmful substances in potable water is not to be exceeded, according to the following criteria issued by the PME1-24-7-2 Meet the physiochemical properties as follows:

Table (6) Potable water physiochemical properties

Source: PME, the general environmental law and its executive regulations.

1-24-7-3 Organic chemical properties

Table (7) Organic chemical properties of potable water


Properties Max. permitted level

Free

6-9 units

15mg/l (max)

75 NTU (max)

Floating substances

PH

Total suspended substances

turbidity

Property Monthly average mg/l

25

150

50

5

0,01

8

0,1

Biochemical demand

Chemical oxygen demand

Total organic carbon

Total nitrogen by Kidals method

Total chlorinated hydrocarbons

Oils & greases

Phenols

39

1-24-7-4 Inorganic chemical properties

Table (8) Inorganic chemical properties of potable water


1-24-7-5 Biological properties The monthly average total coli form is not to exceed 1000 MPN/100ml

1-25 Sanitary and Industrial Draining System1-25-1 The factory is obliged to construct an internal sanitary drainage network. It is to be connected to the local network with connections of min. 150mm in diameter. This is to be done by the sanitary and industrial draining water operator within the industrial city. The network is to be supplied with a primary treatment system for industrial waste. Water must be compatible with the environmental criteria set in MODON guide, before draining to the local network.

Substance Monthly average mg/l

1

0,1

0,02

0,5

0,1

0,2

0,05

0,1

0,001

0,02

1

1

Ammonia

Arsenic

Cadmium

Residual chlorine

Total chrome

Copper

Total cyanide

Lead

Mercury

Nickel

Total phosphates (as phosphorus)

Zinc

40

1-25-2 Polluted water of different properties is to be separated in separate lines. Non-polluted surface water and cooling water may be drained after checking their compatibility with the environmental criteria.1-25-3 The conditions of water drainage and primary treatment are to be fulfilled before draining to the central treatment facilities, as mentioned in the standards & environmental procedures appendix issued by MODON.1-25-4 Take into consideration the criteria and conditions of untreated sanitary drainage to the local network, according to the executive regulations of the environmental system in the KSA, issued by the PME and the following tables:1-25-4-1 Natural properties

Table (9) Natural properties of untreated sanitary drainage water


Property Max. permitted level

Free

2000 mg/l

5-10

60c (max)

Floating substances

Total suspended solid substances

( pH )

Temperature

41

1-25-4-2 Chemical properties a- Organic chemical properties Table (10) Organic chemical properties of untreated sanitary drainage water


b- Inorganic chemical propertiesb-1 Chemical compounds

Table (11) Chemical compounds permitted in untreated sanitary drainage water


Property Max. permitted level (mg/l)

1500

1000

120

150

0,5

15

Free

Chemical oxygen demand

Total organic carbon

Oils & greases

Phenols

Total chlorinated hydrocarbons

Detergents

Pesticides

Compound Max. permitted level (mg/l)

100

1000

2000

80

25

(Cl)

(SO4 )

Alkaline

( NH 4 )

( PO4 )

42

b-2 Heavy elements

Table (12) Heavy elements permitted in untreated sanitary drainage water


1-25-5 Industrial and sanitary drainage water is estimated to be 80% of the total water quantity used.1-25-6 Industrial drainage treatment works1-25-6-1 The industrial drainage water treatment works are to be done meeting environmental criteria. Water is drained directly to the industrial and sanitary drainage network. This is to be coordinated with the industrial city operator. The optimum criteria for disposing industrial water into the network are determined by the discharge rates (BOD=20), and the total suspended substances (TSS=2000mg/l) to ensure that the sewage and the treatment unit are not overloaded. Drainage is to be done after checking the computability of drained water with the environmental criteria.1-25-6-2 Sticking to have a preliminary treatment for industrial drainage water.

Substance Monthly Average mg/l

1,0

0.5

2,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

0,01

2,0

10,0

Arsenic

Cadmium

Total chrome

Copper

Total cyanide

Lead

Mercury

Nickel

Zinc

43

1-25-6-3 The outcome of treating industrial drainage water is to be utilized in industrial uses such as cooling, firefighting, production processes such as paper producing, and irrigating green areas within the factory. Appendix (3) indicates the qualitative criteria of outcome waters (set as maximum).

1-26 Rainwater drainage1-26-1 A separate network for draining rainwater is to be constructed and connected to the street level, fig.(22).1-26-2 Drainage pipes are not to pass under the ceilings of production halls or the electricity room.1-26-3 The drainage network is to be made of suitable pipes.

1-26-4 Design considerations of rainwater drainage network:- - The level of the inspection chamber is raised at least 30 cm above the exit, according to the existing situation.

44

- The inspection chamber cover and its base are to be durable. The opening dimensions are to be mentioned (not less than 60x60cm). - On the drawings indicate rainwater drainage for the roofs, vertical pipes locations, their dimensions and collecting rooms. - The inspection chamber is to be constructed of concrete.

Fig.(22) Rainwater drainage network of the factory

1-27 Applications of Standards & Specifications1-27-1 SASO specifications and Saudi code are to be applied in all constructions works. In case they are not present; authorized international codes are to be applied.

Rainwater

Draining Pipes

The drainage network

Inspection Champers

20m spacing

The Building

45

2- The Environmental Criteria and Industrial Safety Conditions2-1 Air Quality Standards According to the General Environmental Law issued by the PME (See appendix of environmental standards & procedures for industrial establishments & services in the industrial city, issued by MODON), the following standards are to be applied.2-1-1 Sulfur dioxide - The average concentration of sulfur dioxide per hour during a 30-days period is not to exceed 730microgram/m3 (0.28 parts per million) more than twice at any location. - The average concentration of sulfur dioxide in 24 hours during a 12-month period is not to exceed 365microgram/m3 (0.14 parts per million) more than once at any location. - The average concentration of sulfur dioxide per year during a 12-month period is not to exceed 85microgram/m3 (0.3 parts per million) at any location.2-1-2 Inhalable minutes - The average concentration of suspended inhalable minutes in 24 hours during a 12-month period is not to exceed 340 microgram/m3, more than once at any location. - The average concentration of suspended inhalable minutes per year during a 12-month period is not to exceed 80microgram/m3, at any location.2-1-3 Photochemical oxidants - Their average concentration per hour during a 30-day period is not to exceed 295microgram/m3, (0.15 parts per million) more than twice at any location.

46

2-1-4 Measured nitrogen oxides (such as nitrogen dioxide) - The average concentration of nitrogen dioxide per year during a 12-month period is not to exceed 100microgram/m3, at any location. - The average concentration of nitrogen dioxide per hour during a 30-days period is not to exceed 660microgram/m3 (0.35 parts per million) more than twice at any location.2-1-5 Carbon monoxide - The average concentration of carbon monoxide per hour during a 30-days period is not to exceed 40ml/m3 (35 parts per million) more than twice at any location. - The average concentration of carbon monoxide per 8 hours during a 30-day period is not to exceed 10ml/m3 (9 parts per million) more than twice at any location.2-1-6 Hydrogen sculptured - The average concentration of hydrogen sculptured per hour during a 12-month period is not to exceed 40microgram/m3 (0.14 parts per million) more than once at any location. - The average concentration of hydrogen sculptured per 24 hours during a 12-month period is not to exceed 40microgram/m3 (0.03 parts per million) more than once at any location.2-1-7 Fluorides - The average monthly concentration of fluorides during a 30-day period is not to exceed 1 microgram/m3 (0.001 parts per million) at any location. According to the General Environmental Law issued by the PME (See appendix of environmental standards &procedures for industrial establishments & services in the industrial city, issued by MODON) the following actions are to be taken. According to the General Environmental Law issued by the PME (See appendix of environmental standards &procedures for industrial establishments & services in the industrial city, issued by MODON) the following actions are to be taken.

47

2-2-1 An environmental study must be made by a firm registered at the PME. An environmental license must be granted. MODON is to be given a copy of the study.2-2-2 The chimney and air filters installation is to be according to the PME specifications.2-2-3 Fuel-burning industrial establishments must use a suitable device for cleaning or removing gas in boilers using organic fuel, in which the internal heat is 20 megawatt (100MBTU/hr) or more. This is intended to limit the amount of leakage to the following rates: - 43ng/joule (0.1lb/MBTU) of the total suspended substances. - 1 microgram/joule (2.3lb/ MBTU) of sulfur dioxide. - 130 ng/joule (0.3 lb/ MBTU) of nitrogen oxides, for oil burning facilities. - 86 ng/joule (0.2lb/ MBTU) of nitrogen oxides, for gas burning facilities.2-2-4 Operation in the factory is to be in accordance with the PME specifications, the environmental study design, and the environmental license.2-2-5 Environmental monitoring systems are to be used for monitoring pollution. This is to be done using advanced devices that measure the level of pollution within the factory.2-2-6 The following factories are argued to cause direct air pollution impact. Owners of these factories must stick to the permitted environmental criteria, and install air filters: See appendix of environmental standards & procedures for industrial establishments & services in the industrial city, issued by MODON). - Cement industry: factories that use limestone and clay in producing clinker, and those which grind the clinker. - Pottery & ceramics industry: which profuse more than 2000 tons/year of products such as bricks, tiles, pipes, pottery, melting resisting materials, or glass.

48

- Concrete factories: which produce more than 2000 tons/year of concrete or concrete products by mixing sand, gravel, water, and cement. - Iron & non-iron materials factories: the factories in which metals are molten for pouring or coating. - Grinding & crushing of rocks, ores, metals, chemicals, or grains: these are done by grinding, crushing, or separating into various sizes by screens- ventilation purification, etc. - Mining industries: where ores are molten for metal extraction. - Junk metal restoration: factories in which metal junk is treated in some fuel burning or electrically operated device for the purpose of restoring metals. - Any factory that has fuel burning equipment which consume separately or together more than 300kg/hr of burnt materials. - Any factory for producing fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, or any other chemical substances. - Any factory for the production and treatment of paper. - Any factory that emits more than 100 tons of air pollutants annually, when there are no control devices or is likely to cause alone, or with other factories, similar material impacts on air quality

2-3 Noise 2-3-1 Make sure that no noise goes beyond the property, including sounds of intermittent nature. The maximum permitted level is 70dB.

2-4 Smelly Substances2-4-1 Make sure no smelly substances are emitted; by using air filters, fig.(23). Check the PME for filter specifications.

Fig (23) Using air filters for preventing stinking odors.

49

2-5 Toxic & Harmful Substances2-5-1 Toxic & harmful substances are to be restricted to a maximum concentration of 5% (exposure) which is the maximum permitted level for labor within factories. For higher concentrations workers are to be informed on the procedures. Pamphlets and masks are to be distributed to workers.2-5-2 Toxic & harmful substances are not to go beyond their production zones, by using insulators.2-5-3 Toxic substances producing factories are not to be within the industrial city. The PME should be reviewed for determining their hazards, and the procedures of disposing toxic substances. Such factories are to pass the environmental qualification based on their hazardous activities. Appendix (1) shows the environmental classification and its procedures, issued by the PME.

2-6 Flash and Flare2-6-1 No tools causing high flare beyond property limits are allowed. Such tools are to be used in closed buildings designed for such purposes.

2-7 Smoke, Dust, Vapor, and Air Polluting Substances2-7-1 No air polluting activity, beyond property limits, is allowed- in quantities or volumes exceeding the PME criteria.

2-8 Radiation and Radioactive Substances2-8-1 The owner is to register any radioactive substances at the relevant authorities. He is to register them at MODON, and inform it of their potential hazards if they exceed the permitted levels.2-8-2 For radioactive substances used in manufacturing, a license is to be issued from the PME.

2-9 Vibrations 1-9-1 Advanced methods and techniques of fixing mechanical equipment are to be used, in order to limit noise.2-9-2 The vibrations caused by the establishment are not to exceed, for any reason, the rates shown in table (13).

50

Table (13) Vibrations caused by industrial establishments

2-10 Water Pollution2-10-1 Potable water reservoirs are no to be located near the sanitary & industrial drainage reservoirs, so that water is not mixed. Drainage reservoirs are to be lined with insulators to make sure they dont pass the walls and reach potable water or the subsoil.2-10-2 It is forbidden to pollute potable water. No draining is to go to the subsoil before making sure the drained water is free from environmental pollutants. Draining into the city sewage permitted after having MODON permission.2-10-3 The factory is to ensure that the liquid waste pollutants are within the limits permitted for draining waste into the sewage. Those limits are in article (1-25) of this guide, in accordance with the environmental provision guide of MODON. The ratios &volumes of such pollutants are to be clarified before having the permission to drain them into the sewage.2-10-4 Factories are obliged to carry out primary treatments of the liquid waste drained. This is to be done within the factory since the drained water is out of permitted limits for draining into the sewage. A primary treatment plant should be established, as water cant be drained to the sewage.2-10-5 The regulations of penalties and fines, concerning the conditions and requirements of draining liquid waste from the factory into the sewage, are to be reviewed.2-10-6 The permitted levels of water pollution were mentioned in article (1-24-4).

(Frequncy (cycle/s Displacemnt (inch)

0.0008

0.0005

0.0003

0.0002

0.0001

0.0001

Less than 10

10-20

20-30

30- 40

40 - 50

50 or higher

51

2-11 Litter (Solid Waste)2-11-1 A location within the factory is to be assigned for collecting hazardous & solid waste (garbage, non-hazardous industrial waste, hazardous industrial waste), as shown in fig (24). Each type is to be placed in a special container. The ground is to be made of concrete, surrounded with a concrete wall 30cm high, so that no liquid waste makes its way into the subsoil or leaks within the factory. Waste is to be disposed in regular methods, so as not to have environmental impacts.2-11-2 Industrial waste is to be treated according to the standards of the KSA. The PME regulations may be reviewed for industrial waste treatment.

Fig. (24) Locations of garbage, hazardous solid waste, and non-hazardous solid waste

2-12 Fires & Explosives2-12-1 It is permitted- within the factory limits- to store , use, or manufacture flammable substances as well as products and commodities as long as they are stored, used, and produced within a building protected all-around by a fire-sprinklers network, or any other method authorized by the civil defense. The GDCD website is to be reviewed (www.998.gov.sa).22-12-2 Firefighting criteria, mentioned in industrial safety & security requirements for industrial establishments and services within industrial cities, are to be taken into consideration. (For details, see the appendix of safety & security requirements for industrial establishments and services within industrial cities- issued by MODON).

Hazardous solid waste

Production Hall

Non-hazardous solid waste

Garbage

52

- Main corridors are not less than 2m wide. Side ones are no less than 1.5m. - If the manufacturing places are not permanent or stationery, and the corridors are not clear; the corridors are to be drawn with reflecting paint to show the distinction between them and work & storage spaces. - According to the general provisions, exits are no less than 2. They should be distantly located on the outer wall going to the outside of the building. - All exits must lead directly to the outside, a stairs, or a fire-protected corridor. This corridor is to be isolated from the building.2-12-3 Using fire equipment mentioned in the civil defense regulations of fire fighting in factories, table (14).

Table (14) Firefighting equipment according