Guide to Enterprise Protocols © 2017 Viavi Solutions Inc. All rights reserved. Observer and all associated logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Viavi Solutions. All other trademarks, registered or unregistered, are property of their respective owners. *In the process of standards approval www.isatel.ch TCP/IP LAYERS A B C D TCP/IP Routing/Switching Protocols VPN/Tunneling VoIP/Video/Streaming SAN Microsoft ® IBM ® Thin Client Protocols 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OSI LAYERS Physical Layer • Defines physical characteristics of cables and connectors • Provides the interface between network and network devices • Describes the electrical, light, or radio data-stream signaling Network Layer • Logical addressing, routing, and packet generation • Carries out congestion control and error handling • Route monitoring and message forwarding Session Layer • Establishes, manages, and terminates application connections • Manages data transfer permissions and records upper layer errors Presentation Layer • Application, system, and network independent data formatting • Data conversion, compression, encryption, and decryption Application Layer • Supports application and end-user processes • Offers application services • User identification, authentication, and privacy Data Link Layer • Performs error detection and correction of the data streams • Manages flow and link control between the physical signaling and network • Constructs and synchronizes data frame packets Transport Layer • End-to-end connection and connectionless data delivery management • Ensures reliable packet delivery caused by network congestion & errors • Congestion avoidance and data transmission flow control UNIX/HP ® /Sun ® Network Access Layer Internet Layer Transport Layer Application Layer Internetwork Ethernet V.2 IEEE 802.3 Internetwork Ethernet V.2 IEEE 802.3 SCTP TCP UDP TCP TCP UDP UDP SCTP SCTP IP IP IP To Observer Platform Stream Control Transmission Protocol Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol Internet Protocol Native Interfaces GFP Generic Frame Procedure VC Virtual Concatenation LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Mux/demux MOSPF Multicast OSPF PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Spare Mode PIM-DM Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol PGM Pragmatic General Multicast Protocol BIDIR-PIM Bi-Directional Protocol Independent Multicast Multicast Routing Protocols - IP Based Multicast Routing Protocols - TCP Based MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol MBGP Multi-Protocol BGP RIP (TCP/IP) Routing Information Protocol EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol NHRP Next Hop Routing Protocol LACP Link Aggregation Control Panel GDP Gateway Discovery Protocol GGP Gateway- to-Gateway Protocol LMP Link Management Protocol OSPF Open Shortest Path First NSIS Next Stop in Signaling VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Routing Protocols - IP Based BGP Border Gateway Protocol GDP Gateway Discovery Protocol RIP Routing Information Protocol Routing Protocols - UDP Based Cisco HSRP Hot Standby Router MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching LDP Label Distribution Protocol RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering IGMP Internet Group Mgmt. Protocol SNMP Simple Management Protocol v1, v2, v3 AMQP Advanced Message Queing Protocol X Window System (X10 X11) NetBIOS SSN CMOT CMIP Over TCP/IP DNS Domain Name Service CORBA IIOP GIOP LPP Lightweight Presentation Protocol UDP/IP User Datagram Protocol Services DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol NTP Network Time Protocol TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol ICP Internet Cache Protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol Services HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure FTP File Transfer Protocol IRC Internet Relay Chat SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol Gopher POP3 Post Office Protocol TELNET Virtual Terminal NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol ARP Address Resolution Protocol SSL Secure Sockets Layer TLS Transport Layer Security SLIP Serial Line IP CSLIP Compressed Slip LDAP Lightweight DAP ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol SLP RTSP Real-Time Streaming Protocol Cisco SCCP H.235 Security H.450 Supplemental Services (e.g., Call Waiting) H.225 (Q.931) Call Setup H.225 Registration, Admission, Status H.323 Packet-Based Multimedia Communications Systems H.245 Call Control Video Codecs H.261 H.263 H.264/AVC MPEG4 XGCP Extended Gateway Control Protocol COPS Common Open Policy Service RTP/RTCP Real-Time Transport Protocol Real-Time Control Protocol MPEG2 Motion Picture Expert Group ENUM Electronic Numbers H.248 MEGACO DNS Domain Name System SIP Session Initiation Protocol MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol SAP Session Announcement Protocol SDP Session Description Protocol Diameter Protocol From PPP GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation IP-SEC Internet IP Security IP In IP IP Encapsulated in IP DiffServ Differentiated Services L2FP Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol PPP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol TACACS/TACACS+ Protocol RADIUS Protocol iSCSI Internet Small Computer System Interface From TCP SCSI Small Computer System Interface FCoE Fibre Channel Over Ethernet FC Fibre Channel ISNS Internet Storage Name Server FCIP Fibre Channel Over IP GTP V2-C GPRS Tunneling Protocol Version 2 GTP V2 GPRS Tunneling Protocol Version 2 RPC Remote Procedure Call Ipr Remote Print rwho Remote Who rexec Remote Execution Login Remote Login rsh Remote Shell RUNIX Remote Unix Services Network File Transfer Remote Process Comm. Virtual Terminal Remote Database Access RFA Remote File Access Hewlett-Packard Network Service NFS Network File System NIS Network Information System PMAP Port Mapper R-STAT Remote Status NLM Network Lock Mgr. NSM MOUNT SUN Network Services XDR External Data Representation MSDCE MSRPC Named Pipes IP NetBios (SSN) Browser NetLogon WINS Mailslots IP NetBIOS (DGM) Microsoft Application Services LSARPC, NETRLOGON, SPOOLSS, Server Service, WINS IF, Exchange (Directory, Mapper, Message Store, Message Transfer Agent) SMB/TCP MS-RAP MS-CIFS / MS-SMB Common Internet File System / Server Message Block SMB Server Message Block RPL Remote Program Load NBT NetBIOS over TCP/IP Transmission Control HPR High Performance Routing APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking SNA Transaction Services DDM Distributed Data Management DCA Document Content Architecture SNA/FS File Services DIA Document Interchange Architecture SNA/DS SNA Distributed Services SNA/MS SNA Mgmt. Services IPDS Intelligent Printer Data Stream Presentation Services 3270 Data Stream SCS SNA Character Stream Path Control WebSphere® MQ Data Flow Control Browse File Print PC LAN Manager DLSw Data-Link Switching SSP Switch-to-Switch Protocol PC LAN Program PCoIP Client SSH Client Sunray Client ALP Appliance Link Protocol (ALSP, ALRP, ALDP) PCoIP SSH Secure Shell Citrix ICA Independent Computing Architecture Citrix ICA Browser CGP Common Gateway Protocol X11 X Window System To HTTP/HTTPS X11 Client WAN PPP Point-to-Point PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy DDS-64 kbps DS1-1.544 Mbps E1-2.048 Mbps E3-34.368 Mbps DS3-44.736 Mbps E4-140 Mbps PPPoE Point-to-Point Over Ethernet SONET/SDH OC-1 51.840 kbps OC-3 155.52 Mbps OC-12 622 Mbps OC-48 2.488 Gbps OC-96 4.976 Gbps OC-192 9.953 Gbps DOCSIS Bridge Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Physical Layer •QAM •OFDM Twisted Pair PPPoE LAN 802.11a-54 Mbps 802.11b-11 Mbps 802.11g-54 Mbps 802.11n-600 Mbps 802.11ac-1.3 Gbps IEEE 802.11 MMRP Multiple MAC Registration Protocol MVRP Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol 802.1q VLAN Tagging IEEE Products LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol (IEEE 802.1AB) SNAP Sub-Network Access Protocol Type 1 Connectionless Service 802.2 Logical Link Control IEEE 802.11 WLAN, DSSS, OFDM Virtual LAN IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) DOCSIS Cable Modem DOCSIS Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) DSL Bridge DSL Modem DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) 1000BASE-SX 10GBASE-SR 10GBASE-LRM 10GBASE-LX4 50GBASE-SR* 100GBASE-SR10 100GBASE-SR2* 100GBASE-SR4 IEEE Optical (Multi-Mode) 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-LX10 1000BASE-BX10 10GBASE-LR 40GBASE-LR4 40GBASE-ER4 50GBASE-FR* 50GBASE-LR* 10GBASE-ER 100GBASE-DR* 40GBASE-FR 100GBASE-LR4 100GBASE-ER4 200GBASE-FR4* 200GBASE-LR4* 400GBASE-DR4* 400GBASE-FR8* IEEE Optical (Single Mode) 100BASE-TX 1000BASE-T 2.5GBASE-T 5GBASE-T 10GBASE-CX4 25GBASE-T 40GBASE-T 40GBASE-CR4 100GBASE-CR10 10GBASE-T IEEE Copper 25GBASE-SR 200GBASE-SR4* 40GBASE-SR4 400GBASE-SR16* Routing Protocols Cisco RSRB Remote Source Route Bridging Protocol Cisco STUN Serial Tunneling of SDLC Header DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol Cisco XOT X.25 Over TCP RSRB Remote Source Route Bridging Protocol IGP Internet Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP Enhanced IGRP PAGP Port Aggregation Protocol Cisco Protocols Cisco ® CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol CGMP Cisco Group Management Protocol ISL Inter-Switch Link Protocol DISL Dynamic Inter-Switch Link Protocol VTP VLAN Trunk Protocol DRIP Duplicate Ring Protocol Cisco Products