Guide for Levels 3-4

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ENGLISHTEAM

CEDEAGRO

BOYACA REGIONAL DUITAMA -AGRICULTURAL AND

LEARNING GUIDE

National LearningService

LEARNING PROGRAM ENGLISH BEGINNER LEVEL 3 - 4

ENVIRONMENT Corrales

PROCESS TUTOR Doris Eliana Bohrquez

TRAINING MODALITY Class Learning process.

LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS COMPRENDER FRASES Y VOCABULARIO HABITUAL SOBRETEMAS DE INTERS PERSONAL Y TEMAS TCNICOS

COMPRENDER LA IDEA PRINCIPAL EN AVISOS Y MENSAJESBREVES, CLAROS Y SENCILLOS EN INGLS TCNICO

IDENTIFICAR FORMAS GRAMATICALES BSICAS EN TEXTOS Y

DOCUMENTOS ELEMENTALES ESCRITOS EN INGLS.LEER TEXTOS COMPLEJOS Y CON UN VOCABULARIO MSESPECFICO, EN INGLS GENERAL Y TCNICO

ENCONTRAR Y UTILIZAR SIN ESFUERZO VOCABULARIO YEXPRESIONES DE INGLS TCNICO EN ARTCULOS DEREVISTAS, LIBROS ESPECIALIZADOS, PGINAS WEB, ETC.

ENCONTRAR INFORMACIN ESPECFICA Y PREDECIBLE ENESCRITOS SENCILLOS Y COTIDIANOS

COMUNICARSE EN TAREAS SENCILLAS Y HABITUALES QUEREQUIEREN UN INTERCAMBIO SIMPLE Y DIRECTO DEINFORMACIN COTIDIANA Y TCNICA.

REALIZAR INTERCAMBIOS SOCIALES Y PRCTICOS MUYBREVES, CON UN VOCABULARIO SUFICIENTE PARA HACERUNA EXPOSICIN O MANTENER UNA CONVERSACINSENCILLA SOBRE TEMAS TCNICOS.

ACTIVITIES AND TIME Activities1. Consultar y exponer temas relacionados con presente

perfecto, pasado progresivo, futuros, contables eincontables, tag questions, superlativos y comparativos.

2. Desarrollar los ejercicios propuestos, con base en lastemticas trabajadas por medio de las exposiciones.

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INTRODUCTION

Guess what

Sabas que

What is a Preposition? A preposition linksnouns,pronounsandphrasesto other words in asentence.

The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called theobjectof thepreposition.

A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of itsobject to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:

The book is on the table. The book is beneath the table. The book is leaning against the table. The book is beside the table. She held the book overthe table. She read the book during class. In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in

space or in time.

Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de aprendizaje a ser validados a travs de Sofiaplus, cada aprendiz deberrealizar los ejercicios que presenta la gua relacionados con las temticas de Present Perfect, past progressive,future tenses, superlatives and comparatives, tag questions, countable and uncountable nouns.

Muchos xitos!

ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION

1. Present Perfect

El tiempo Present Perfect se usa para hablar de acciones comenzadas en el pasado y que an continan en elpresente. Por ejemplo:

I have been here since Monday.He estado aqu desde el lunes.

Para formarlo, se usa el auxiliarHAVE, conjugado para la persona correspondiente (cambia solamente para latercera persona del singular), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas.

Observa a continuacin la conjugacin con el verbo SER.

TO BE

I have been

You have been

He has been

She has been

It has been

We have been

You have been

They have been

Para los verbos regulares, el participio pasado se forma tomando el propio verbo y agregando " ed", o "d" sitermina en vocal. Si termina en "y", se cambia por "ied".

We have playedtennis for two hours.Hemos jugado tenis por dos horas.

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She has arrivedlate again.Ha llegado tarde de nuevo.

You have studieda lot.Has estudiado mucho.

Los verbos irregulares tienen su propio participio pasado y la nica manera de aprenderlos es memorizarlos.Normalmente son los que aparecen en la tercera columna de los listados de verbos irregulares en losdiccionarios de ingls.

Por ejemplo, el participio pasado del verbo TO SEE (ver) es "seen". Siempre es igual para todas las personas.

We have seen many people around here.Hemos visto mucha gente por aqu.

She has seen many people around here.Ella ha visto mucha gente por aqu.

Para realizar preguntas usando este tiempo, se usa HAVE (conjugado para la persona correspondiente),seguido del sujeto, luego el participio pasado y finalmente el resto de la oracin.

Have you had lunch?

Has almorzado?

La forma negativa se compone del auxiliarHAVE en su forma negativa (conjugado para la personacorrespondiente), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas.

I haven't seen him yet.An no lo he visto.

Presentamos aqu una pequea lista de algunos verbos irregulares con su participio pasado. Intentarecordarlos!

INFINITIVO PARTICIPIO PASADO

go (ir) gone

have (tener) had

write (escribir) written

read (leer) read

catch (atrapar) caught

fall (caer) fallen

hear (escuchar) heardsee (ver) seen

say (decir) said

give (dar) given

know (saber) known

EJERCICIO

Completa los recuadros usando el verbo entre parntesis en Present Perfect o Simple Past.

1. Jane (stay) at home yesterday

2. Your letter (arrive) two days ago.

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3. I (live) here for ten years.

4. Last week we (go) to the cinema.

5. The game (start) . They are playing now.

6. I (phone) you at five and you weren't there.

7. I (lose) my watch, I can't find it.

8. Last month Sarah (travel) to Italy.

9. I (work) all day and now I'm tired.

10. We (buy) a new house last week.

Elige la opcin ms adecuada para responder o terminar cada oracin.

Did you study yesterday?

Yes, I have.

Yes, I did.

Have you ever been to London?

Yes, I was.

Yes, I have.

You have just made a cake,

haven't you?

didn't you?

What did you do last week?

I went to the cinema.

I have been to the cinema.

Did you watch TV last night?

Yes, I have.

Yes, I did.

Have you seen this programme before?

Yes, I did.

Yes, I have.

Has the plane landed?

Yes, it landed at 10.25.

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Yes, it has landed at 10.25.

Has Richard washed his car?

No, he hasn't washed it for months.

No, he washed it yesterday.

2. Tag Questions

We use tags in spoken English but not in formal written English.They are not really questions but are a way of

asking the other person to make a comment and so keep the conversation open.

Making a tag is very mechanical. To make a tag, use the first auxiliary. If there is no auxiliary, use do, does ordid. With a positive sentence, make a negative tag and with a negative sentence, make a positive tag.

Examples:

It's beautiful, isn't it? He has been, hasn't he? You can, can't you? It must be, mustn't it? You know him, dont you? He finished it, didn't he? He will come, won't he? It isn't very good, is it? It hasn't rained, has it? It can't be, can it? Jenny doesn't know James, does she?

EXERCISES

Complete the following sentences by using tag questions:

a. You like soup, __________________?

b. You studied at SENA, _________________?

c. Your family goes to the restaurant every Sunday, ____________?

d. You eat vegetables, _____________________?

e. Rice puts you on weight, ____________________?

f. Your father loves spaguetti, ___________________?

g. Pizza is junk food, __________________?

h. We can prepare our lunch ______________________?

2. Comparatives and Superlatives

Forming regular comparatives and superlatives

1. We use comparatives to compare two things or two people. (e.g She is taller than her husband.)2. Superlatives are used, however, to compare to show the difference between more than two things or

more than two people. (e.g Paris is the biggest city in France)3. To form comparatives and superlatives you need to know the number ofsyllables in the

adjective.Syllables are like "sound beats".

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For instance:

"find" contains one syllable, but "finding" contains two findand ing.

The rules to form comparatives and superlatives:

1. One syllable adjective ending in a silent 'e' nice

Comparative add 'r' nicer Superlative add 'st' nicest

2. One syllable adjective ending in one vowel and one consonant big

Comparative the consonant is doubled and 'er' is added bigger Superlative the consonant is doubled and 'est' is addedbiggest

3. One syllable adjective ending in more than one consonant or more than a vowel high, cheap

Comparative 'er' is added higher, cheaper Superlative 'est is added highest, cheapest

4. A two syllable adjective ending in 'y' happy

Comparative 'y' becomes 'i' and 'er' is added happier Superlative 'y' becomes 'i' and 'est' is added happiest

5. Tow syllable or more adjectives without 'y' at the end exciting

Comparative more + the adjective + than more exciting than Superlative more + the adjective + than the most exciting

Examples:

The Nile River is longerand more famous than the Thames. Egypt is much hotter than Sweden. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. This is one ofthe most exciting films I have ever seen.

EXERCISES:

Put the adjectives between brackets in the correct form (as superlatives or comparatives)

1. My brother has a (tidy) room than me.

2. Australia is (big) than England.

3. I'm (good) now than yesterday.

4. She's got (little) friends than you, but she doesn't care.

5. He thinks Chinese is (difficult) language in the world

6. Valencia played (bad) than Real Madrid yesterday.

7. Cats are not (intelligent) as dogs.

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8. Show me (good) restaurant downtown.

9. (hot) desert of all is the Sahara and it's in Africa.

10. Who is (talkative) person in your family?

4. Future tense

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimesbe used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seemtoo abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to"refer to a specific time in the future.

[will + verb]

Examples:

You will help him later.

Will you help him later?

You will not help him later.

5. Be Going To

[am/is/are + going to + verb]

Examples:

You are going to meet Jane tonight.

Are you going to meet Jane tonight?

You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

EXERCISES

Complete the sentences by using will or going to and the verb in the bracket.

1. A: Why are you wearing your coat?

B: Because I _______________ (go) to the shops.

2. A: I think we are lost!

B: OK, I ____________ (find) a policeman to ask directions.

3. A: The kitchen is on fire!!!!

B: Oh no!!! I ____________ (call) the firefighters.

4. A: I think the dog needs a bath.

B: I know. Today, I bought that special shampoo. I _________ (wash) him tomorrow.

5. A: How are you going to college this afternoon.

B: John ____________ (give) me a lift.

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A: But his car is broken.

B: Oh! Well, I __________ (catch) a bus then.

6. A: Someones at the door!

B: I _________ (go)

6. Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can countpens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:

dog, cat, animal, man, person bottle, box, litre coin, note, dollar cup, plate, fork table, chair, suitcase, bag

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

My dog is playing. My dogs are hungry.

We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:

A dog is an animal.

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:

I want an orange. (notI want orange.) Where is my bottle? (notWhere is bottle?)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

I like oranges. Bottles can break.

We can use some and any with countable nouns:

I've got some dollars. Have you got any pens?

We can use a few and many with countable nouns:

I've got a few dollars. I haven't got many pens.

Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot"count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but wecannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:

music, art, love, happiness advice, information, news

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furniture, luggage rice, sugar, butter, water electricity, gas, power money, currency

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:

This news is very important. Your luggage looks heavy.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "amusic". But we can say a something of:

a piece ofnews a bottle ofwater a grain ofrice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:

I've got some money. Have you got any rice?

We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:

I've got a little money. I haven't got much rice.

EXERCISES

Check the words in deep black and then, write down C for countables and U for uncountables in front of eachsentence.

1. The children are playing in the garden. _______2. I don't like milk._____3. I prefertea. ______4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution. ______5. My mother uses butterto prepare cakes. ______6. There are a lot ofwindows in our classroom. ______7. We need some glue to fix this vase. _______8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional. ______9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning. ______

10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious. ______

Much, many, a lot:

"Much", "many", and "a lotof" indicate a large quantity of something, for example "I have a lot of friends " meansI have a large quantity of friends.

Much, many, and a lotare quantifiers.

In the interrogative forms we use:

much with uncountable nouns. (money, bread, water...)Example:How much money/bread/water...is there?

many with countable nouns. (students, desks, windows...)

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Example:How many students/teachers/desks... are there?

In the negative forms we use:

much with uncountable nouns. (money, bread, water...)Example:I haven't got much money/bread/water...

many with countable nouns. (students, desks, windows...)Example:There aren't many students/teachers/desks...

EXERCISES:

Complete the sentences by using: much, many, a lot, lots of, a lot,

1. We have __________ oranges2. We dont have __________ bananas, but we have got __________ fruit juice

3. Do you have any cereal? Sure, there is __________ in the kitchen.4. He is very busy, he has got __________ of work5. I have got ___________ money in my pocket.

Lets practice HOW MANY- HOW MUCH

1. They need some tea. ______ do we need?2. We need some eggs. ______ do we need?3. ______ cigarettes do you smoke a day?4. ______ work have you got to do?5. ______ sleep did you get last night?

Some

Affirmative statements, offers, requests and in questions when you expect the answer "yes"

Any

Negative statements, questions

Example:

Have you got any bananas?

No, we haven't got any. But we've got some oranges.

EXERCISE

Choose the best answer by using SOME orANY

1. Have you got __________ tomatoes?

a. Someb. Any

2. There are ___________ exercise books on the table

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a. Someb. Any

3. Have you got the ketchup? No, I havent got __________

a. Someb. Any

4. You should eat __________ fresh fruit

a. Someb. Any

5. Here are __________ cornflakes but there isnt __________ milk.

a. Someb. Any

7.Past Progressive (Past Continuous)

Form

Positive Negative Question

I / he / she /it

I was speaking. I was not speaking. Was I speaking?

you / we /they

You werespeaking.

You were notspeaking.

Were youspeaking?

Exceptions in Spelling

Exceptions in spelling when adding ing Example

final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed) come coming(but: agreeagreeing)

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant isdoubled

sit sitting

las final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British

English)

travel travelling

final ie becomes y lie lying

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Animo!!! este curso le ayudara a mejorar su nivel de Ingls de una forma fcil y ldica.Si tiene algn inconveniente no duden en comunicarse.

[email protected] Eliana Bohrquez A.

English teacher

Use of Past Progressive

puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past

Example: He was playingfootball.

two actions happening at the same time (in the past)

Example: While she was preparingdinner, he was washingthe dishes.action going on at a certain time in the past

Example: When I was havingbreakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

Exercise

Past Progressive

Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).

When I phoned my friends, they (play) ___________ monopoly.

Yesterday at six I (prepare) ___________ dinner.

The kids (play) ___________in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.

I (practice) ____________ the guitar when he came home.

We (not / cycle) ____________ all day.

While Aaron (work) ____________ in his room, his friends (swim) _____________ in the pool.

I tried to tell them the truth but they (listen / not) ____________

What (you / do) _____________yesterday?

Most of the time we (sit) _____________ in the park.

ASSESMENT

EVIDENCE EVALUATIONS CRITERION

Actividades levels 2,3 and 4 through ClassLearning.

El archivo contiene el desarrollo de cadauna de las actividades de la sesin.

Demuestra responsabilidad y puntualidaden la entrega de la evidencia.

Socializa los diferentes elementospropuestos en la gua.