Guia de Recursos Orientacion Laboral

7/30/2019 Guia de Recursos Orientacion Laboral

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ItmndEqjdk~mbjkFmaeqmf#E`dq~mndDlwfde*weqFjb+Lmktdf@qmkbjrbeQtajeIekzfdz

=

ITJMNDQDBTQRERREAQD

EQJDK^MBJEKFMAEQMF

J+ Jkpdr~jimbjkndfmE`dq~mndDlwfde

JJ+ Bekbdw~tmfjmbjkWqmb~jbm

JJJ+ Eqjdk~mbjkFmaeqmf

JP+ ^bkjbmrndAr}tdnmMb~jpmrndDlwfde

P+ Mbelwmmljdk~e z mrdreqmljdk~e dk df wqebdre nd

bqdmbjknddlwqdrmr

PJ+ Jk`eqldr&LdleqjmrzOtr~j`jbmbjkndmb~tmbjekdr

PJJ+ Mkdser

ItmndQdbtqrerndEqjdk~mbjkFmaeqmfweq Lmktdf@qmkbjrbeQtajeIekzmfdzrd

dkbtdk~qmamoetkmFjbdkbjmBqdm~jpdBellekrM~qjatbjk,KeBeldqbjmf,RjkNdqjpmnmr2+7

Tkweq~dn+

Amrmnmdktkmeaqmdkc~~w?%%yyy+fjkhdnjk+bel%jk%lmkefeqtaje+

Wdqljrer}tdpmmklrmffndfebtajdq~eweqdr~mfjbdkbjmwtdndkdkbek~qmqrddkc~~wr?%%yyy+`mbdaeeh+bel%fmjfmlmkefe+


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1

J+ JKPDR^JIMBJEK REAQD FM E@DQ^M ND DLWFDE?

DodlwfeWqmb~jbereaqdtkmE`dq~mndDlwfdebeleEqjdk~mneqFmaeqmf

}tdcdrjnerdfdbbjekmnezdr~ezdkfm`mrdnddk~qdpjr~m?

M+ E@DQ^M ND DLWFDE?

Df Mztk~mljdk~e nd Mfldqm cm mwqeamne df wfmk nd ~qmamoe dfmaeqmne weq fm

dlwqdrm Mfamk&jkdnj~ RF mnotnjbm~mqjm ndf bek~qm~e wmqm df ndrmqqeffe z wtdr~m

dk lmqbcm ndf wqeiqmlm )Mjqd) rjifmr dk jkifr nd )Mfldqm Jk~diqmbjk z

Qdrwekrmajfjnmn Rebjmf) }td ~jdkd bele eaod~jpe fm dlwfdmajfjnmn dr~mafd z nd

bmfjnmn nd fer befdb~jper ptfkdqmafdr

Fm )ceom nd qt~m) nd dr~d wqeiqmlm }td ~jdkd tk wqdrtwtdr~e ~e~mf nd 9>:+777 dtqerbe`jkmkbjmne weq df @ekne Rebjmf Dtqewde z cm rjne mwqeamnm dk otk~m nd ieajdqke

rd njqjid m opdkdr ldkeqdr nd 27 mer lmzeqdr nd >4 z wmqmner nd fmqim

ntqmbjk mr bele wdqrekmr bek njrbmwmbjnmn d jkljiqmk~dr m ~qmpr nd

j~jkdqmqjer jk~diqmner nd jkrdqbjk z wqebdrer nd èqlmbjk z wqb~jbmr

fmaeqmfdr bek drwdbjmf jkbjndkbjm dk fm weafmbjk `dldkjkm+

Df laj~e nd mb~tmbjk nd dr~d wqeiqmlm rdmfm tkm rdqjd nd ekmr nd mbbjkwqd`dqdk~d #_K^R* dk fer amqqjer nd Fer Mfldknqer Wjdnqmr Qdneknmr Df

Wtbcd Fm Bcmkbm z Wdrbmndqm z dr~ njqjijne wqjeqj~mqjmldk~d m ltodqdr

ndrdlwfdmnmr+

!fm ceom nd qt~m kdbdrmqjm wmqm wendq ndrmqqeffmq mbbjekdr èqlm~jpmr nd

eqjdk~mbjk fmaeqmf mr bele fm qdmfjmbjk nd wqb~jbmr wqe`drjekmfdr bek dr~d

rdb~eq nd weafmbjk!

Rd pdq~daqm btm~qe mbbjekdr }td pjdkdk m qdèqmq fer eaod~jper lmqbmner weq df

Wmb~e Febmf weq df Dlwfde?

e Fm bqdmbjk nd tk Eardqpm~eqje Ebtwmbjekmf Refjnmqje+

e fm wtdr~m dk lmqbcm nd tkm E`jbjkm nd ^dqqj~eqjer Rebjmfldk~d Qdrwekrmafdr

e df dr~mafdbjljdk~e nd ner bdk~qer nd Njkmljmbjk Fmaeqmf

e fm qdmfjmbjk nd wqb~jbmr qdltkdqmnmr+


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2

Fer eaod~jper bekbqd~er }td wmrmk weq mndlr nd wqelepdq fm dlwfdmajfjnmn ndk~qe

nd fer befdb~jper lr ndr`mpeqdbjner wqelepdq mb~tmbjekdr jk~diqmnmr nd ndrmqqeffe

rer~dkjafd dk fm bjtnmn nd Mfldqm }td qdrweknmk m kdbdrjnmndr febmfdr idkdqmneqmr

nd dlwfde dk wmq~jbtfmq dk df rdb~eq nd rdqpjbjer nd m~dkbjk m wdqrekmr bek

drwdbjmfdr kdbdrjnmndr z ~tqjrle+

Rd wdqrjitd jlwtfrmq fm wmq~jbjwmbjk nd mnljkjr~qmbjekdr wafjbmr midk~dr

rebjmfdr ~dojne dlwqdrmqjmf z bjtnmnmkm dk qdndr }td qd`tdqbdk fm becdrjk rebjmf

z dbekljbm wmqm bekrditjq tk ~dqqj~eqje rebjmfldk~d qdrwekrmafd z bek ntqmbjk lr

mff ndf `jk ndf wqezdb~e z imqmk~jmq fm jitmfnmn nd eweq~tkjnmndr dk~qd celaqdr z

ltodqdr dk df dk~eqke fmaeqmf+

@tdk~d? c~~w?%%yyy+dtqewmwqdrr+dr%mknmftbjm%mfldqjm,77247%ke~jbjm,mztk~mljdk~e,mwqtdam,ceom,

qt~m,wqezdb~e,mjqd,dlwfde,befdb~jper,ptfkdqmafdr,17=1=710=:4377+c~lf

c~~w?%%yyy+mz~emfldqjm+dr%na%yyy+kr`%ke~jbjmr,

yyy%71::@7==AN2113NAB=149MM2774A7:7N5EwdkNebtldk~

Dk~qd fmr jkjbjm~jpmr }td rd ndrmqqeffmqk ndr~mbm fm bqdmbjk nd ner bdk~qer nd

njkmljmbjk fmaeqmf dk fer }td rd mbdqbmqk m fer bjtnmnmker fer qdbtqrer nd

`eqlmbjk z dlwfde bek drwdbjmf jkbjndkbjm dk fmr ekmr nd lmzeq wqeafdl~jbm

rebjmf+ Rtr ndr~jkm~mqjer rek mrebjmbjekdr nd pdbjker nd ltodqdr mrebjmbjekdr

otpdkjfdr befdijer jkr~j~t~er dntbmbjk nd wdqrekmr mntf~mr MLWMR ~dojne

mrebjm~jpe dlwqdrmqjmf t EKI)r+

Mr dk~qd fmr mb~jpjnmndr }td rd wtdndk ffdpmq m bmae ndk~qe nd dr~er bdk~qer dr~k

~mffdqdr iqtwmfdr mnmw~mner m fmr kdbdrjnmndr nd bmnm dk~jnmn e mrebjmbjk?

cmajfjnmndr rebjmfdr mt~edr~jlm le~jpmbjk cmbjm fm ar}tdnm nd dlwfde ldqbmne

nd ~qmamoe dlwfde wafjbe z dlwfde wqjpmne ar}tdnm mb~jpm nd dlwfde rmfjnmr

wqe`drjekmfdr z `eqlm~jpmr t Eqjdk~mbjk cmbjm df Mt~edlwfde+

@tdk~d?c~~w?%%yyy+dfmfldqjm+dr%mq~jbfd%mfldqjm%=233903%mztk~mljdk~e%weknqm%lmqbcm%ner%bdk~qer%nj

kmljmbjek%fmaeqmf+c~lf


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>

Jkèqlmbjk reaqd fm dlwqdrm? Mfamk~ & Jkdnj~ R+F+?

Nd `jkmkbjmbjk wqjpmnm8 Nd == m 47 dlwfdmner8 Rdb~eq nd Rdqpjbjer wafjber

dkdqe nd =::1 Wqdrdk~d #1= mer*

Bekrtf~eqm dk Wqeiqmlmr d Jkjbjm~jpmr Dtqewdmr #@DNDQ,@RD*

Wfmkdr nd Jitmfnmn

@eqlmbjk Bek~jktm m Wzldr

@eqlmbjk Wqjpmnm

Bekrtf~eqm Drwdbjmfjmnm dk df Rdb~eq ^tqjrle z RebjeRmkj~mqje

Bembcjki

Qdrwekrmajfjnmn Rebjmf Beqweqm~jpm

c~~w?%%yyy+mfamk~+kd~%

c~~w?%%yyy+fjkhdnjk+bel%jk%mfamk~

A+ A+E+D+?

QdrtldkndfA+E+D+Ljqbefdr12nd`daqdqend17==kl+>0?

AEFD^K E@JBJMF NDF DR^MNEKl+ >0 Ljqbefdr 12 nd `daqdqe nd 17== Rdb+ JJJ+ Wi+ 1=90=

JJJ+ E^QMR NJRWERJBJEKDR

LJKJR^DQJE ND WEF^JBM DQQJÊQJMF Z MNLJKJR^QMBJKWAFJBM

2014 Qdreftbjk nd =3 nd daqdqe nd 17==& nd fm Rdbqd~mqm nd Dr~mne nd Beewdqmbjkdqqj~eqjmf& weq fm }td rd mwqtdam fm bekpebm~eqjm 17== wmqm fm bekbdrjk nd fmr

mztnmr ndf @ekne Rebjmf Dtqewde ntqmk~d df wdqjene nd jk~dqpdkbjk 1779,

17=2+

Df Qdifmldk~e #BD* k+ =732%1770 ndf Bekrdoe& nd == nd otfje nd 1770& weq df }td rd

dr~mafdbdk fmr njrwerjbjekdr idkdqmfdr qdfm~jpmr mf @ekne Dtqewde nd Ndrmqqeffe Qdijekmf& mf

@ekne Rebjmf Dtqewde z mf @ekne nd Becdrjk z rd ndqeim df Qdifmldk~e #BD* k+ =107%=:::&

qditfm fmr njr~jk~mr èqlmr nd jk~dqpdkbjk nd fer ldkbjekmner @ekner& qdbeijdkne fm `jitqm

ndf eqimkjrle jk~dqldnje bele ~ene eqimkjrle e rdqpjbje nd bmqb~dq wafjbe e wqjpmne }td

mb~d amoe fm qdrwekrmajfjnmn nd tkm mt~eqjnmn nd idr~jk e nd bdq~j`jbmbjk e }td ndrdlwdd

belwd~dkbjmr dk kelaqd nd ~mf mt~eqjnmn dk qdfmbjk bek fer adkd`jbjmqjer }td dodbt~dk fmr

ewdqmbjekdr+

Df Qdifmldk~e #BD* k+ =73=%1770 ndf Wmqfmldk~e Dtqewde z ndf Bekrdoe nd 4 nd otfje

nd 1770& qdfm~jpe mf @ekne Rebjmf Dtqewde z weq df }td rd ndqeim df Qdifmldk~e #BD* k+

=93>%=:::& dr~mafdbd fmr `tkbjekdr nd dr~d @ekne& df laj~e nd rt jk~dqpdkbjk&

njrwerjbjekdr drwdb`jbmr& mr bele fmr bm~dieqmr nd imr~er rtapdkbjekmafdr+

Mndlr& df Qdifmldk~e #BD* k+ =313%1770 nd fm Beljrjk& nd 3 nd njbjdlaqd nd 1770&

z rtr wer~dqjeqdr lenj`jbmbjekdr weq fer btmfdr rd nd~dqljkmk fmr njrwerjbjekdr nd

mwfjbmbjk nd fer Qdifmldk~er bj~mner mk~dqjeqldk~d& dr~mafdbd fm werjajfjnmn nd }td tkeqimkjrle jk~dqldnje qdmfjbd tkm e pmqjmr nd fmr ~mqdmr nd tkm mt~eqjnmn nd idr~jk e nd

bdq~j`jbmbjk& ndajdkne qdijr~qmqrd èqlmfldk~d weq drbqj~e fer mbtdqner wdq~jkdk~dr&

qdrtf~mkne nd mwfjbmbjk m njbce eqimkjrle fmr njrwerjbjekdr qdfm~jpmr m njbcmr mt~eqjnmndr

#mq~btfe =1*+

Weq e~qe fmne& dk btlwfjljdk~e nd fer wqjkbjwjer nd beewdqmbjk z nd beeqnjkmbjk

dk~qd fmr njr~jk~mr Mnljkjr~qmbjekdr& df Ljkjr~dqje nd Wef~jbm ^dqqj~eqjmf z Mnljkjr~qmbjk

Wafjbm idr~jekm wqeiqmlmr nd beewdqmbjk dbekljbm bek fmr dk~jnmndr febmfdr& mf wqewje

~jdlwe }td wmq~jbjwm dk wqeiqmlmr nd ndrmqqeffe febmf be`jkmkbjmner bek èkner nd fm

Tkjk Dtqewdm+

Dr weq dffe }td dk df lmqbe nd drm beewdqmbjk ndf Dr~mne wmqm ldoeqmq fm bmfjnmn nd

pjnm& bek~qjatjq m fm bqdmbjk nd dlwfde& mf ndrmqqeffe dbekljbe z m fm becdrjk dbekljbm

z rebjmf ndf laj~e febmf& nd bekèqljnmn bek fmr dr~qm~dijmr z wef~jbmr nd dlwfde z

refjnmqjnmn }td lmqbm fm Tkjk Dtqewdm& rd mq~jbtfm fm bj~mnm èqlm nd jk~dqpdkbjk ndf

@ekne Rebjmf Dtqewde m ~qmpr nd rt idr~jk& bele eqimkjrle jk~dqldnje& weq wmq~d nd fm

Njqdbbjk Idkdqmf nd Beewdqmbjk Febmf& wdq~dkdbjdk~d m fm Rdbqd~mqm nd Dr~mne nd

Beewdqmbjk dqqj~eqjmf ndf Ljkjr~dqje nd Wef~ jbm dqqj~eqjmf z Mnljkjr~qmbjk Wafjbm& btzm

wmq~jbjwmbjk imqmk~jmq ldoeq df d}tjfjaqje ~dqqj~eqjmf& fm becdrjk z df njfeie rebjmf&

bek~qjatzdkne m fm belwfdldk~mqjdnmn nd fmr mbbjekdr& wqeweqbjekmkne lmzeq bmwmbjnmn

nd ~qmkr`dqdkbjm nd fer qdrtf~mner m fmr wef~jbmr idkdqmfdr z lmzeq pjrjajfjnmn nd rtr

mb~tmbjekdr+

Z ~dkjdkne dk btdk~m fe dr~mafdbjne dk df mq~btfe 0 z =9+= wqqmè ~dqbdqe& nd fm Fdz

23%1772& nd Rtapdkbjekdr& nd =9 nd kepjdlaqd& njrwekie?

Wqjldqe+ Eaod~e z `jkmfjnmn+

=+ Fm wqdrdk~d bekpebm~eqjm ~jdkd bele eaod~e mq~jbtfmq fm idr~jk nd fmr mztnmr ndf

@ekne Rebjmf Dtqewde #@RD* wqdpjr~mr dk df dod 1 ndf wqeiqmlm ewdqm~jpe Mnmw~majfjnmn

z Dlwfde& dk bekbqd~e dk fe qd`dqdk~d m @eldk~mq wmb~er& qdndr& mrebjmbjekdr z mweze bpd?AED,M,1

7==,2

014


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Qijldk otqnjbe+Df wqebdnjljdk~e nd ~qmlj~mbjk nd dr~mr mztnmr dr df qdbeijne dk

fm wqdrdk~d bekpebm~eqjm& dk fm Eqndk ^JK%1:04%1773& nd => nd eb~taqd& dk fer

Qdifmldk~er beltkj~mqjer mwfjbmafdr dk lm~dqjm nd @ekner Dr~qtb~tqmfdr z& bek

bmqb~dq rtwfd~eqje& dk fm Fdz 23%1772& Idkdqmf nd Rtapdkbjekdr& nd =9 nd kepjdlaqd

#FIR* z rt Qdifmldk~e nd ndrmqqeffe #Qdmf Ndbqd~e 339%1770& nd 1= nd otkje*+

Mrjljrle& rdqk nd mwfjbmbjk dk ~ene fe ke wqdpjr~e dk dr~m Qdreftbjk& fm Fdz

27%=::1& nd 10 nd kepjdlaqd& nd Qijldk Otqnjbe nd fmr Mnljkjr~qmbjekdr Wafjbmr

z ndf Wqebdnjljdk~e Mnljkjr~qm~jpe Belk #FQO,WMB*& fm Fdz ==%1779& nd 11 nd

otkje& nd mbbdre dfdb~qkjbe nd fer bjtnmnmker m fer rdqpjbjer wafjber z rt

Qdifmldk~e nd ndrmqqeffe wmqbjmf #Qdmf Ndbqd~e =09=%177:& nd 0 nd kepjdlaqd*+

Eaod~jpe z `jkmfjnmn?

=* Mq~jbtfmq fm idr~jk nd fmr mztnmr ndf @ekne Rebjmf Dtqewde #@RD* wqdpjr~mr dk df

dod 1 ndf wqeiqmlm ewdqm~jpe Mnmw~majfjnmn z Dlwfde& dk fe qd`dqdk~d m

@eldk~mq wmb~er& qdndr& mrebjmbjekdr z mweze m fmr jkjbjm~jpmr febmfdr wmqm

df dlwfde z fm jkbftrjk rebjmf& ~dkjdkne dk btdk~m fm wdqrwdb~jpm nd idkdqe&

wmqm fmr qdijekdr? Eaod~jpe Bekpdqidkbjm #Mknmftbm& Bmr~jffm,Fm Lmkbcm&

Ds~qdlmntqm z Imfjbjm*+

1* Qd`eqmq fm beewdqmbjk dbekljbm ndf Dr~mne bek fmr dk~jnmndr febmfdr& bek fm

`jkmfjnmn nd?

m* @eldk~mq jkjbjm~jpmr }td ndrmqqeffdk mb~jpjnmndr }td qdrweknmk m kdbdrjnmndr

febmfdr idkdqmneqmr nd dlwfde& dk wmq~jbtfmq dk df rdb~eq nd rdqpjbjer nd m~dkbjk

m wdqrekmr bek drwdbjmfdr kdbdrjnmndr ~mfdr bele?

e kjere mkbjmker

e wdqrekmr bek ljktrpmfmr

e dk`dqler

e dsbftjner rebjmfdr e wdqrekmr dk qjdrie nd dsbftrjk rebjmf+

M `jk nd `mpeqdbdq fm ke njrbqjljkmbjk& fm jitmfnmn nd ikdqe z fm jkbftrjk

rebjmf z fmaeqmf nd fmr wdqrekmr bek lmzeqdr nj`jbtf~mndr+


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0

a* Wqelepdq fm dfmaeqmbjk nd wqebdrer nd bekbdq~mbjk z bekrdkre ndr~jkmner m

èqltfmq wmb~er febmfdr weq df dlwfde z fm bqdmbjk nd qdndr nd jk~dqbmlaje nd

bekebjljdk~er wmqm df èldk~e ndf mwqdknjmod qdbwqebe+

b* Jlwtfrmq fm dfmaeqmbjk nd dr~tnjer nd wqerwdbbjk nd kdbdrjnmndr we~dkbjmfdr dk

lm~dqjm nd èqlmbjk wmqm df dlwfde& }td bek~qjatzmk m fm mnewbjk nd

dr~qm~dijmr jk~diqmneqmr ndk~qe ndf laj~e febmf bekrjndqmne+

2* Fmr mbbjekdr be`jkmkbjmnmr rd jkbftjqk ndk~qe nd fer rjitjdk~dr laj~er nd

mb~tmbjk?

2+= J~jkdqmqjer jk~diqmner nd jkrdqbjk rebjefmaeqmf& njqjijner m?

m* E`qdbdq m fer ndlmknmk~dr nd dlwfde tkm eweq~tkjnmn nd wqb~jbm

wqe`drjekmf mbelwmmnm nd fm èqlmbjk drwdb`jbm mndbtmnm wmqm fm

wqdr~mbjk nd rdqpjbjer nd m~dkbjk m fmr wdqrekmr bek drwdbjmfdr kdbdrjnmndr

jknjbmnmr dk df wtk~e m*+1 ndf mwmq~mne wqjldqe+

a* E`qdbdq m fer ndlmknmk~dr nd dlwfde bek drwdbjmfdr nj`jbtf~mndr wmqm rt

jkrdqbjk dk df ldqbmne nd ~qmamoe& bele rek& dk~qd e~qmr& fmr wdqrekmr opdkdr

ldkeqdr nd 27 mer& fmr wdqrekmr lmzeqdr nd >4 mer z wmqmner nd fmqim

ntqmbjk& tkm eweq~tkjnmn nd wqb~jbm wqe`drjekmf mbelwmmnm nd fm

èqlmbjk drwdb`jbm mndbtmnm+

Rd bekrjndqmqk ~mlajk bele eaod~e nd dr~mr mbbjekdr m fmr wdqrekmr

wdq~dkdbjdk~dr m mfitke nd fer rjitjdk~dr befdb~jper?

e Wdqrekmr m`db~mnmr weq tkm ljktrpmfm `rjbm& wr}tjbm e

rdkreqjmf+ Wdqrekmr reld~jnmr m lmf~qm~e `rjbe e wr}tjbe+

e Wdqrekmr dk wqebdre nd qdcmajfj~mbjk e qdjkrdqbjk rebjmf ~mfdr bele ds

~esjblmker e ds qdbftrer+

e Wdqrekmr wdq~dkdbjdk~dr m d~kjmr ndr`mpeqdbjnmr e ljkeqj~mqjmr dk fm

rebjdnmn+ Jkljiqmk~dr+

e Opdkdr }td ke cmk rtwdqmne fm dkrdmkm eafjim~eqjm+

e Btjnmneqdr ke wqe`drjekmfdr }td m~jdkndk m wdqrekmr dk rj~tmbjk nd

ndwdkndkbjm+

e E~qmr wdqrekmr bmfj`jbmnmr dk rj~tmbjk e qjdrie nd dsbftrjk rebjmf e

fmaeqmf weq fer refjbj~mk~dr nd fm mztnm& nd mbtdqne bek fmr bdq~j`jbmbjekdr

dswdnjnmr m ~mf `jk weq rtr beqqdrweknjdk~dr Rdqpjbjer Rebjmfdr+


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2+1 Mweze mf dr~mafdbjljdk~e nd wmb~er febmfdr weq df dlwfde?

Njbcer wmb~er febmfdr ndadqk jk~diqmq kdbdrmqjmldk~d m tkm e pmqjmr dk~jnmndr

febmfdr& mr bele m midk~dr dbekljber z rebjmfdr qdwqdrdk~m~jper dk df ~dqqj~eqje&

z ndadqk rdq beeqnjkmner weq tkm dk~jnmn febmf }td btlwfm bek fer qd}tjrj~er

dr~mafdbjner dk df mwmq~mne ~dqbdqe wmqm rdq dk~jnmn adkd`jbjmqjm+ M dr~er d`db~er&

rd dk~dkndq bele midk~dr dbekljber z rebjmfdr& rjdlwqd }td rdmk

qdwqdrdk~m~jper dk df ~dqqj~eqje neknd rd pmzm m ndrmqqeffmq df wqezdb~e& m fmr

eqimkjmbjekdr rjknjbmfdr& mrebjmbjekdr dlwqdrmqjmfdr d jkr~j~tbjekdr rjk kjle

nd ftbqe }td ~dkimk dk~qd rtr `jkdr qdmfjmq mb~jpjnmndr qdfmbjekmnmr bek

befdb~jper ndr`mpeqdbjner eaod~e ndf wqezdb~e+

Fmr dk~jnmndr febmfdr jk~diqmk~dr ndf wmb~e ndadqk wdq~dkdbdq m fm ljrlm

Beltkjnmn Mt~kelm z dodbt~mq df ljrle dk rt ~dqqj~eqje+

Ndadqk bek~mq dk~qd rtr eaod~jper& mndlr nd fm qdmfjmbjk nd fer j~jkdqmqjer nd

jkrdqbjk rebje,fmaeqmf ndrbqj~er dk df wtk~e 2+= mk~dqjeq& mf ldker tkm nd fmr

rjitjdk~dr jkmfjnmndr?

e Mbbdre nd fmr wdqrekmr ndr`mpeqdbjnmr mf dlwfde+

e Wqelepdq fm jkbftrjk rebjmf

e + Ftbcm bek~qm fm njrbqjljkmbjk dk df ldqbmne fmaeqmf+

e Jitmfnmn nd ikdqe z nd eweq~tkjnmndr+

e Jlwfdldk~mbjk nd ldnjnmr }td `mpeqdbmk fm bqdmbjk nd dlwfde

dr~mafd z nd bmfjnmn

bek~qjatzdkne mf ndrmqqeffe dbekljbe rer~dkjafd ndf ~dqqj~eqje m`db~mne

e& @eldk~mq ldnjnmr }td `mpeqdbmk qdndr nd jk~dqbmlaje nd bekebjljdk~er }td

wqeltdpmk df ndrmqqeffe jk~diqmf nd ~dqqj~eqjer rebjmfldk~d qdrwekrmafdr&

bekotimkne mr mrwdb~er dbekljber& rebjmfdr& mlajdk~mfdr z btf~tqmfdr ndf

ljrle+

Rditkne+ Eqimkjrle jk~dqldnje+Fm Njqdbbjk Idkdqmf nd Beewdqmbjk Febmf

nd fm Rdbqd~mqm nd Dr~mne nd Beewdqmbjk ^dqqj~eqjmf ndf Ljkjr~dqje nd Wef~jbm

^dqqj~eqjmf z Mnljkjr~qmbjk Wafjbm& rdq df eqimkjrle jk~dqldnje nd dr~mr

mztnmr& rdik fe dr~mafdbjne dk df beqqdrweknjdk~d wqeiqmlm ewdqm~jpe nd

mnmw~majfjnmn z dlwfde z bek df bmqb~dq jndk~j`jbmne dk df mq~btfe 1& nd`jkjbjk

0& ndf Qdifmldk~e #BD* k+e =732%1770+


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^dqbdqe+Dk~jnmndr adkd`jbjmqjmr m}tdffmr }td btlwfjdkne fer qd}tjrj~er }td rd

qdfmbjekmk m bek~jktmbjk& dr~k tajbmnmr dk mfitkm nd fmr Beltkjnmndr

Mt~kelmr eaod~e nd dr~m bekpebm~eqjm jknjbmnmr dk df wtk~e = ndf mwmq~mne

wqjldqe?

Fer Mztk~mljdk~er nd ltkjbjwjer bek weafmbjk rtwdqjeq m 47+777 cmaj~mk~dr

#Qdmf Ndbqd~e =0=1%17=7& nd 9 nd njbjdlaqd& fmr bj`qmr nd weafmbjk qdrtf~mk~dr

nd fm qdpjrjk ndf wmnqk ltkjbjwmf*

Btmq~e+Ndr~jkm~mqjer nd fmr mb~jpjnmndr ndf wqezdb~e ndadqk rdq wdqrekmr

ndrdlwfdmnmr }td dr~k jkrbqj~mr bele ndlmknmk~dr nd dlwfde

]tjk~e+Mb~jpjnmndr z imr~er rtapdkbjekmafdr dk `tkbjk nd fer laj~er nd

mb~tmbjk dfdijner& m mfitkm nd fmr rjitjdk~dr mb~jpjnmndr?

Fmr }td& jk~diqmnmr dk j~jkdqmqjer èqlm~jper nd jkrdqbjk rebjefmaeqmf& dr~k

njqjijnmr m fm ldoeqm ndf dlwfde nd fer befdb~jper ndlmknmk~dr& dk fer ~qljker z

fmr beknjbjekdr wqdpjr~mr dk df Qdifmldk~e #BD* k+e =73=%1770 ndf Wmqfmldk~e

Dtqewde z ndf Bekrdoe+

Mb~jpjnmndr bekntbdk~dr m fm èqltfmbjk& wtdr~m dk lmqbcm z dodbtbjk nd

wmb~er febmfdr weq df dlwfde+ êner fer wqezdb~er& ndadqk ~dkdq j~jkdqmqjer

èqlm~jper nd jkrdqbjk rebjefmaeqmf+

=+ J~jkdqmqjer jk~diqmner nd Jkrdqbjk rebjefmaeqmf? cmk nd jkbftjq& mf ldker&

èqlmbjk drwdb`jbm& wqb~jbm wqe`drjekmf& lntfer nd èqlmbjk ~qmkrpdqrmf z

~t~eqmr+

=+= Mbbjekdr èqlm~jpmr+ Fer btqrer e mb~jpjnmndr èqlm~jpmr& jk~diqmnmr dk

j~jkdqmqjer& ndadqk bek~dkdq lntfer nd?

e @eqlmbjk drwdb`jbm mndbtmnm+

e Wqb~jbm wqe`drjekmf ~t~eqjmnm& beqqdrweknjdk~dr m fm èqlmbjk

drwdb`jbm& }td dk kjkik bmre wtdndk rtwekdq tkm qdfmbjk bek~qmb~tmf

fmaeqmf+

=+1 @eqlmbjk ~qmkrpdqrmf? Fm èqlmbjk drwdb`jbm z wqb~jbm rd

belwfdldk~mq kdbdrmqjmldk~d bek fer rjitjdk~dr lntfer?

e @eldk~e nd fm jitmfnmn nd eweq~tkjnmndr dk~qd ltodqdr z celaqdr

jk~diqmkne fm wdqrwdb~jpm nd ikdqe dk ~enmr fmr `mrdr nd fm wqeiqmlmbjk

d jlwfdldk~mkne ldnjnmr drwdb`jbmr nd mbbjk werj~jpm+

e @eldk~e nd fm ke njrbqjljkmbjk z ftbcm bek~qm fm dsbftrjk rebjmf+

e @eldk~e nd fmr ktdpmr ~dbkefeimr nd fm jkèqlmbjk z beltkjbmbjk+


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e @eldk~e ndf btjnmne z qdrwd~e mf ldnjemlajdk~d+

e Bmnm tke nd dffer bekr~mq nd mf ldker btm~qe ceqmr fdb~jpmr+

=+2 ^t~eqmr jknjpjntmfjmnmr ntqmk~d ~ene df j~jkdqmqje nd jkrdqbjk d

jkèqlmbjk jknjpjntmfjmnm e befdb~jpm reaqd df ldqbmne nd ~qmamoe& ndr~jkmnm m

ndrmqqeffmq fmr ~bkjbmr mndbtmnmr m fmr bmqmb~dqr~jbmr ndf jknjpjnte wmqm fm

ar}tdnm nd dlwfde+

=+> @eqlmbjk belwfdldk~mqjm? wenqk wqeiqmlmq e~qer lntfer nd

èqlmbjk belwfdldk~mqjm dk fer bmrer dk }td rd bekrjndqd kdbdrmqje&

jkbftzdkne m}tdffm qdfm~jpm mf Jkr~qtldk~e Dtqewde nd Ljbqebqnj~er z

mb~jpjnmndr nd jkèqlmbjk& eqjdk~mbjk z mrdreqmljdk~e ~bkjbe m fm `tkbjk

idqdkbjmf dk fm wtdr~m dk lmqbcm wer~dqjeq& neknd rd ndk fmr beknjbjekdr nd

pjmajfjnmn kdbdrmqjmr& nd wqezdb~er nd jkjbjm~jpm dlwqdrmqjmf& dk qdfmbjk bek fm

èqlmbjk drwdb`jbm qdbjajnm& wqdrdk~mner weq fer ndrdlwfdmner wmq~jbjwmk~dr

ndf wqezdb~e+

M fm ceqm nd njrdmq fmr mbbjekdr èqlm~jpmr rd ~dknq dk btdk~m fe dr~mafdbjne dk

fm rdbbjk wqjldqm ndf Qdmf Ndbqd~e 2:4%1779& nd 12 nd lmqe& weq df }td rd

qditfm df rtarjr~dlm nd èqlmbjk wqe`drjekmf wmqm df dlwfde+

1+ Wmb~er febmfdr weq df dlwfde?

e Fmr mbbjekdr nd wqelebjk z njkmljmbjk nd ldnjnmr bekbqd~mr dk

qdfmbjk bek fmr `jkmfjnmndr nd èqlmbjk wmqm df dlwfde qdbeijnmr dk df

wtk~e 2+1 ndf mwmq~mne wqjldqe+

e Fmr mbbjekdr nd mrdreqmljdk~e& èqlmbjk z wqb~jbm wqe`drjekmf }td

bekr~j~tzdk fer j~jkdqmqjer jk~diqmner nd jkrdqbjk rebjefmaeqmf& rdik rd

nd`jkdk dk wtk~e 2+= ndf mwmq~mne wqjldqe+

e Df rditjljdk~e z dpmftmbjk nd fmr mb~tmbjekdr ndrmqqeffmnmr+

e Fmr mbbjekdr nd rdkrjajfjmbjk& jkèqlmbjk z nj`trjk nd fm

ld~enefeim& qdrtf~mner z atdkmr wqmb~jbmr ffdpmnmr m bmae weq fer wmb~er

febmfdr+

2+ Imr~er rtapdkbjekmafdr dk fer ~qljker z beknjbjekdr dr~mafdbjner dk fer

Qdifmldk~er #BD* =732%1770& ndf Bekrdoe nd == nd otfje nd 1770 z =73=%1770

ndfmBeljrj knd 4ndotfj end1770& mr beledkfmEqndk JK%1:04% 1 773& nd

=> nd eb~taqd& z dk df qdr~e nd fm keqlm~jpm kmbjekmf nd mwfjbmbjk& fer rjitjdk~dr

imr~er?


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=7

m*Fer ber~dr fmaeqmfdr qdfm~jper mf wdqrekmf }td fmr ndrmqqeffdk& wdqrekmf wmqm

df }td ke rd dsjid fm beknjbjk nd ndrdlwfdmne+

Fer ~qmamomneqdr ndrdlwfdmner }td wmq~jbjwdk dk fer lntfer nd wqmb~jbm

wqe`drjekmf z èqlmbjk wqdpjr~er dk df wqezdb~e wenqk rdq wdqbdw~eqdr nd

mztnmr%adbmr weq tkm btmk~m ldkrtmf ke rtwdqjeq mf 94 weq =77 ndf JWQDL

#jknjbmneq wtafjbe nd qdk~m nd d`db~er lf~jwfdr* pjidk~d dk bmnm mktmfjnmn&

ntqmk~d df wdqjene nd dodbtbjk nd njbcer lntfer+ Dr~mr mztnmr rdqk

belwm ~j af drbekfmwdqbdwbj kndfmwqdr~ mbjkzrtarjnjeweqndrdlwf demr

bele bek e~qmr mztnmr wtafjbmr wmqm fm ljrlm `jkmfjnmn& rj ajdk df bekotk~e nd

fmr qdk~mr wdqbjajnmr weq df adkd`jbjmqje nd fm mztnm weq dr~er bekbdw~er& jkbftjne

df jlweq~d nd fm adbm& ke wenq rtwdqmq df 94 weq =77 nd fm btmk~m `jomnm wmqm

njbce Jknjbmneq+

a* Fer imr~er nd mleq~jmbjk z mqqdknmljdk~e nd fer ajdkdr kdbdrmqjer wmqm fm

dodbtbjk nd fmr mb~jpjnmndr+

b* Fer imr~er beqqjdk~dr nd `tkbjekmljdk~e ndqjpmner nd fm qdmfjmbjk nd fmr

mb~jpjnmndr eaod~e ndf wqeiqmlm& dk tkm btmk~m ke rtwdqjeq mf =4 weq =77 ndf

ber~d ~e~mf dfdijafd+ Rd jkbftjqk dk dr~m bm~dieqm nd imr~e fer ebmrjekmner weq fm

eqimkjmbjk e wmq~jbjwmbjk dk oeqkmnmr nd nj`trjk d jk~dqbmlaje nd

dswdqjdkbjmr z atdkmr wqmb~jbmr& qdfmbjekmnmr dsbftrjpmldk~d bek fer wqezdb~er

`jkmkbjmner weq dr~m mztnm+ Fm èqlm nd jlwt~mbjk z otr~j`jbmbjk nd fer imr~er

idkdqmfdr rd drwdbj`jbmq dk fmr Jkr~qtbbjekdr }td ndrmqqeffdk fm wqdrdk~d

bekpebm~eqjm+

n* Fer imr~er ndqjpmner nd fm bqdmbjk& lmk~dkjljdk~e e wmq~jbjwmbjk dk qdndr

nd jk~dqbmlaje ld~enefijbe& ~bkjbe z atdkmr wqmb~jbmr dk df laj~e nd fm

èqlmbjk wmqm df dlwfde& ndajdkne ldkbjekmqrd dswfbj~mldk~d fm wmq~jbjwmbjk

ndf wqezdb~e dk fmr ljrlmr+

d* Fer ndqjpmner nd fm qdmfjmbjk nd dr~tnjer nd wqerwdbbjk nd kdbdrjnmndr

we~dkbjmfdr dk lm~dqjm nd èqlmbjk wmqm df dlwfde& }td bek~qjatzmk m fm

mnewbjk nd dr~qm~dijmr jk~diqmneqmr ndk~qe ndf laj~e febmf& dk tkm btmk~m ke

rtwdqjeq mf =7 weq bjdk~e ndf ber~d ~e~mf dfdijafd& rjdkne fm btmk~m lsjlm mrtapdkbjekmq weq dr~d bekbdw~e 47+777 dtqer+


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`* Ke rd be`jkmkbjmqmk& dk kjkik bmre& fer imr~er nd bm~dqjki nd fmr oeqkmnmr kj

nd fmr qdtkjekdr }td bdfdaqd fm dk~jnmn adkd`jbjmqjm+

>* LDLEQJM belwfdldk~mqjm ndf wqezdb~e m qdmfjmq& dk fm }td rd ndrmqqeffdk&

bek tkm ds~dkrjk lsjlm nd 47 wmijkmr z 2 La& fer rjitjdk~dr wtk~er?

e J~jkdqmqjer jk~diqmner nd jkrdqbjk rebjefmaeqmf?

e Qdfmbjk nd fmr kdbdrjnmndr }td rd wqd~dkndk btaqjq bek df wqezdb~e+

Otr~j`jbmbjk nd fer befdb~jper z ekmr m`db~mnmr+

e Ndrbqjwbjk nd fer laj~er nd mb~tmbjk nd`jkjner dk df wtk~e 2 ndf mwmq~mne

wqjldqe }td rd pmk m èldk~mq e ndrmqqeffmq+

e Ndrbqjwbjk nd fmr mb~jpjnmndr rtapdkbjekmafdr jkbftjnmr dk df wqezdb~e& bek

df nd~mffd nd fer lntfer nd wqb~jbm wqe`drjekmf& èqlmbjk drwdbj`jbm&

èqlmbjk ~qmkrpdqrmf z belwfdldk~mqjm& qdndr z dr~tnjer ~bkjber m dfmaeqmq+

e Bqekeiqmlm nd fmr mb~tmbjekdr ndf wqezdb~e ndk~qe ndf wfme nd dodbtbjk

`jomne mf ljrle+

e Aqdpd ndrbqjwbjk ndf l~ene nd idr~jk m t~jfjmq& bek jknjbmbjk dswqdrm ndf

d}tjwe ~bkjbe #idr~jk& rditjljdk~e z bek~qef*+

Wmb~er febmfdr weq df dlwfde?

Ndadk jkbftjq dk fm ldleqjm fe rjitjdk~d?

e Nd~mffd nd fmr ldnjnmr bekbqd~mr m qdmfjmq wmqm fm bekrdbtbjk nd fm `jkmfjnmn

ndf wmb~e+

e Ber~d dr~jlmne nd fmr ldnjnmr jknjbmkne fer rtabekbdw~er ndf wqdrtwtdr~e

ndf wqezdb~e mf }td rd jlwt~mk+

e Qdfmbjk nd dk~jnmndr z midk~dr dbekljber z rebjmfdr }td bekèqlmk df

wmb~e& ndrbqjajdkne fer belwqeljrer z fm èqlm nd wmq~jbjwmbjk dk df ljrle

nd bmnm tkm nd fmr dk~jnmndr z midk~dr jknjbmner+

e Wfme nd pjidkbjm ndf wmb~e+


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=1

4* BQJ^DQJER ND PMFEQMBJEK?

Bqj~dqjer nd pmfeqmbjk+Fer wqedb~er rdqk pmfeqmner weq fm Beljrjk nd

mbtdqnebekferrjitjdk~drbqj~dqjerwtk~tmbjk?

m*]tddfwqedb~erd jkbftm dk ferwfmkdr jk~diqmfdr nddlwfde ndrmqqeffe

rer~dkjafdndqjpmnerndtknjmikr~jbendwe~dkbjmffebmf+Nd7m4wtk~er+

a*]tdfmrmb~tmbjekdr`mpeqdzbmkdrwdbjmfldk~dfmwmq~jbjwmbjkndfmrltodqdr

dkdfldqbmnend~qmamoe+Nd7m:wtk~er+

b*]tdm`db~dkmbefdb~jperbeklmeqknjbdndndrdlwfdedkfmzekmideiq`jbm

bekrjndqmnm+Nd7m4wtk~er+

n*]tdfmrmb~tmbjekdr`mpeqdzbmkfmjkbftrjkrebjmfndferbefdb~jperqdbeijner

dkdfwtk~e2+=+a*ndfmwmq~mnewqjldqe+Nd7m:wtk~er+

d* ]td fmr mbbjekdr be`jkmkbjmnmr mwedk df dr~mafdbjljdk~e nd qdndr nd

itmqndqmr & dk idkdqmf nd bdk~qer nd nm e rdqpjbjer nd wqesjljnmn dk

mb~tmbjekdrmwdqrekmrndwdknjdk~dr+Nd7m3wtk~er+

`*]tdfmrmb~tmbjekdrm~jdknmkdrwdbjmfldk~dmfmrfebmfjnmndr%ezekmr}tdrd

dk`qdk~mk m fer wqeafdlmr lr iqmpdr& ~mfdr bele fmr zekmr tqamkmr

ndr`mpeqdbjnmrfmrqdijekdrtf~qmwdqj`qjbmr&fmrzekmrqtqmfdrdkndbfjpdfmr

zekmrndwdknjdk~drnd fmwdrbm& mrbele fmr zekmrwmq~jbtfmqldk~d m`db~mnmr

weqfmqdfebmfjzmbjknddlwqdrmr+Nd7m3wtk~er+

i*]tddfwqedb~ejkbftmmfikwmb~efebmfweqdfdlwfde}tdbelwqeld~mfm

lsjlm wmq~jbjwmbjk beewdqmbjk dk~qd njpdqrer midk~dr e jk~dqfebt~eqdr

jkr~j~tbjekmfdr&dbekljberrebjmfdr}tdewdqdkdkfmzekmjlwfjbmnm+Nd7m=7

wtk~er+

c* ]td fmr mb~tmbjekdr jlwtfrdk df ndrmqqeffe nd mbbjekdr jkkepmneqmr dk df

bmlwendfdlwfde+Nd7m4wtk~er+


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=2

j* Df d}tjfjaqje dk fm njr~qjatbjk nd fmr btmk~mr njrwekjafdr& dk `tkbjk ndf

peftldk nd qdbtqrer kdbdrmqjer wmqm rt dodbtbjk z nd fer qdrtf~mner }td rd

wqd~dkndk mfbmkmq& bekrjndqmkne?

e Fm pjmajfjnmn ndf wqezdb~e& nd mbtdqne mf l~ene nd idr~jk z wtdr~er nd

~qmamoe kdbdrmqjer wmqm rt dodbtbjk+

e Df laj~e ~dqqj~eqjmf& dk `tkbjk nd fm weafmbjk m`db~mnm+

e Df ktldqe wqdpjr~e nd ndrdlwfdmner adkd`jbjmqjer ndf wqezdb~e+ Df

dlwfde m idkdqmq+

e

Fmr dlwqdrmr m bqdmq+

êne dffe rdik df ber~d dfdijafd ndf wqezdb~e+ Nd 7 m =7 wtk~er+

o* ]td fer wqezdb~er jkbeqweqdk fm bqdmbjk e wmq~jbjwmbjk dk qdndr nd

jk~dqbmlaje ld~enefijbe z ~bkjbe z atdkmr wqmb~jbmr dk df laj~e nd fm

èqlmbjk wmqm df dlwfde+ Nd 7 m 3 wtk~er+

h* ]td fm èqlmbjk dr~ njqjijnm m fm ea~dkbjk nd bdq~j`jbmner nd

wqe`drjekmfjnmn& nd mbtdqne m fer mq~btfer =7 z == ndf Qdmf Ndbqd~e 2:4%1779& nd

12 nd lmqe& weq df }td rd qditfm df rtarjr~dlm nd èqlmbjk wqe`drjekmf wmqm df

dlwfde+ Nd 7 m 3 wtk~er+

f* Bmfjnmn ndf wqezdb~e dk qdfmbjk bek fer `jkdr wdqrditjner z mb~jpjnmndr

rtapdkbjekmafdr jkbftjnmrdk df ljrle+ Rd pmfeqmq drwdbjmfldk~d df bek~dkjnend fmr mb~jpjnmndr rtapdkbjekmafdr qdfm~jpmr m fm èqlmbjk drwdbj`jbm z wqmb~jbm

fmaeqmf z mf bek~dkjne nd fmr mb~jpjnmndr dk qdfmbjk mf mwmq~mne }tjk~e nd fmwqdrdk~d bekpebm~eqjm+ Nd 7 m =4 wtk~er+

0* ^qmlj~mbjk dfdb~qkjbm? Fer wqebdnjljdk~er nd bekbdrjk& rditjljdk~e z

bek~qef nd fmr mztnmr& rd ~qmlj~mqmk weq pm dfdb~qkjbm& rdik fe njrwtdr~e dk fm

Fdz ==%1779& nd Mbbdre dfdb~qkjbe nd fer bjtnmnmker m fer rdqpjbjer wafjber+

9* Lenj`jbmbjk nd fer wqezdb~er rtapdkbjekmner+

=+ Fmr lenj`jbmbjekdr nd fer wqezdb~er rtapdkbjekmner }td rdm wqdbjre qdmfjmq


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=>

ntqmk~d rt wdqjene nd dodbtbjk ke wenqk mf~dqmq fm `jkmfjnmn nd fm rtapdkbjk

bekbdnjnm kj fer eaod~jper nd fer ljrler+ Mrjljrle ndadqk qdrwd~mq df jlweq~d ndf

wqdrtwtdr~e ~e~mf dfdijafd mwqeamne z fm btmk~m nd fm rtapdkbjk bekbdnjnm+ Dk df

rtwtdr~e nd }td eqjijkdk lmzeqdr imr~er fer dsbdrer reaqd fer jlweq~dr jknjbmner

rdqk m bmqie dsbftrjpmldk~d nd fmr dk~jnmndr adkd`jbjmqjmr wtnjdkne bekrjikmqfer dk

df wqdrtwtdr~e bele imr~er ke dfdijafdr+

1+ Fmr dk~jnmndr adkd`jbjmqjmr ndadqk refjbj~mq bek`eqljnmn m fm Njqdbbjk Idkdqmf

nd Beewdqmbjk Febmf wmqm ffdpmq m bmae btmf}tjdqm nd fmr rjitjdk~dr

lenj`jbmbjekdr?

e Jkbftrjk nd ktdpmr mbbjekdr dk df wqezdb~e+

e Rtr~j~tbjk nd fmr mbbjekdr wqdpjr~mr dk df wqezdb~e weq e~qmr ktdpmr+

e Lenj`jbmbjk rtr~mkbjmf ndf bek~dkjne nd fmr mbbjekdr+

e Mf~dqmbjk nd fmr dk~jnmndr jk~diqmk~dr nd fer wmb~er mr bele nd fer

belwqeljrer nd dodbtbjk z `jkmkbjmbjk nd fer wqezdb~er+

e Pmqjmbjk ndf jlweq~d wmqbjmf nd bmnm tke nd fer bjkbe bekbdw~er dk }td rdndrifermk er imr~er ndf wqdrtwtdr~e+

e ^ene dffe nd mbtdqne m fmr keqlmr }td rd nd~mffdk dk fmr beqqdrweknjdk~dr

Jkr~qtbbjekdr nd mwfjbmbjk z ndrmqqeffe nd dr~m bekpebm~eqjm+

3* Idr~jk& Rditjljdk~e z Bek~qef

=+ Fm Njqdbbjk Idkdqmf nd Beewdqmbjk Febmf imqmk~jmq tkm mndbtmnm

idr~jk jk~dqwqd~mbjk z qdreftbjk nd ~ener fer mrwdb~er ndqjpmner nd fer

dswdnjdk~dr nd bekbdrjk nd fmr mztnmr refjbj~mnmr mr bele df rditjljdk~e

dpmftmbjk z bek~qef nd fmr ljrlmr+

M ~qmpr nd pdqj`jbmbjekdr nebtldk~mfdr z reaqd df ~dqqdke wmqm belwqeamq d

jkrwdbbjekmq df ndrmqqeffe nd fmr mbbjekdr rtapdkbjekmnmr z fm dfdijajfjnmn ndf imr~e

bdq~j`jbmne+ Fmr dk~jnmndr adkd`jbjmqjmr dr~mqk eafjimnmr m `mbjfj~mq fmr mb~tmbjekdr

nd belwqeambjk z nd bek~qef `jkmkbjdqe }td rd d`db~dk ~mk~e weq df eqimkjrlejk~dqldnje bele weq fer ndlr qimker belwd~dk~dr nd laj~e kmbjekmf e nd fm


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=4

Tkjk Dtqewdm+

Fm otr~j`jbmbjk nd fer imr~er nd fmr mbbjekdr qdmfjmnmr weq fmr dk~jnmndr

adkd`jbjmqjmr dr~mq reweq~mnm dk wjdmr bek~mafdr }td rdqk bekrdqpmnmr weq fmr

ljrlmr& ~dkjdkne dk btdk~m ~enmr fmr njrwerjbjekdr mwfjbmafdr m fer èkner

dr~qtb~tqmfdr dk lm~dqjm nd dfdijajfjnmn& idr~jk z bek~qef& mr bele fer rjr~dlmr nd

idr~jk z bek~qef dr~mafdbjner weq fm mt~eqjnmn nd idr~jk& df eqimkjrle jk~dqldnje z&

dk rt bmre& fer mwqeamner weq fm Beljrjk qdfm~jper m fm jk~dqpdkbjk+

=7* Jkèqlmbjk z wtafjbjnmn? dk fm keqlm~jpm beltkj~mqjm dk lm~dqjm nd

jkèqlmbjk z wtafjbjnmn& fmr dk~jnmndr adkd`jbjmqmr dr~k eafjimnmr m jkèqlmq m fer

adkd`jbjmqjer z m fm ewjkjk wafjbm dk idkdqmf reaqd fm wmq~jbjwmbjk ndf @ekne

Rebjmf Dtqewde dk fm be`jkmkbjmbjk nd fer wqezdb~er rtapdkbjekmner+ Wmqm dffe

ndadqk ffdpmq m bmae fmr ldnjnmr wqdpjr~mr dk fer mq~btfer 3 z : ndf Qdifmldk~e

#BD* =313%1770 nd fm Beljrjk& nd 3 nd njbjdlaqd nd 1770+


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=0

JJ+ BEKBDW^TMFJ_MBJEK WQMB^JBM?

Df Rmfmqje Lkjle Jk~dqwqe`drjekmf #RLJ* wmqm 17=1 dr nd 0>=>7 dtqer%ldr z df

94$ >3=74 dtqer+

Bdq~j`jbmne nd Wqe`drjekmfjnmn? #Qdbekebjljdk~e e`jbjmf nd fm dswdqjdkbjm

wqe`drjekmf*

Qd}tjrj~er?

Kmbjekmfjnmn Drwmefm bjtnmnmkm beltkj~mqjm e mt~eqjmbjk nd qdrjndkbjm dk

Drwmm+

17 mer e lmr+

2 mer nd Dswdqjdkbjm Fmaeqmf z%e 277 ceqmr nd èqlmbjk qdfmbjekmnm bek fmr

tkjnmndr nd belwd~dkbjm m mbqdnj~mq+

Ke werddq ~j~tfe nd @eqlmbjk Wqe`drjekmf e Bdq~j`jbmne nd Wqe`drjekmfjnmn }td

bek~dkim fmr tkjnmndr nd Belwd~dkbjm eaod~e nd dpmftmbjk+

Wtdndr Ea~dkdq?

Tkm mbqdnj~mbjk e`jbjmf pmfjnm dk ~ene df ~dqqj~eqje kmbjekmf }td wtdndr ea~dkdq

Bdq~j`jbmne nd Wqe`drjekmfjnmn e ^j~tfe nd @eqlmbjk Wqe`drjekmf+

Ldoeqmq rt dlwfdmajfjnmn bele rt ndrmqqeffe wdqrekmf z wqe`drjekmf+ Wqeweqbjekmqfd tk wfmk nd èqlmbjk }td fd wdqlj~m belwfd~mq e jkbqdldk~mq

rtr belwd~dkbjmr z btmfj`jbmbjk wqe`drjekmf+

Fmr tkjnmndr nd belwd~dkbjmr }td rd dpmfmk dk dr~m bekpebm~eqjm dr~k

qdfmbjekmnmr bek fmr rjitjdk~dr btmfj`jbmbjekdr?

Dntbmbjk Jk`mk~jf+

M~dkbjk rebje rmkj~mqm m Wdqrekmr dk df Neljbjfje+

M~dkbjk rebje rmkj~mqm m Wdqrekmr ndwdknjdk~dr dk Jkr~j~tbjekdr Rebjmfdr+ ^qmkrweq~d Rmkj~mqje+

M~dkbjk Rmkj~mqjm m Lf~jwfdr Pjb~jlmr z bm~r~qe`dr+

_+K+^+R+? Btzm weafmbjk bekbtqqmk rj~tmbjekdr dr~qtb~tqmfdr nd weaqdm iqmpd z

lmqijkmbjk rebjmf z dk fer }td rdmk rjikj`jbm~jpmldk~d mwqdbjmafdr wqeafdlmr dk?

Pjpjdknm nd~dqjeqe tqamkr~jbe z n`jbj~ nd jk`qmdr~qtb~tqm d}tjwmljdk~e z

rdqpjbjer wafjber+

Dfdpmner knjbdr nd mardk~jrle z `qmbmre drbefmq+ Mf~mr ~mrmr nd ndrdlwfde otk~e m iqmpdr bmqdkbjmr èqlm~jpmr wqe`drjekmfdr+


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=9

Rjikj`jbm~jpmr nd`jbjdkbjmr cjijkjbe rmkj~mqjmr+

@dkldker nd ndrjk~diqmbjk rebjmf+

@tdk~d? c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%eqimkjrler%rmftnzajdkdr~mqrebjmf%mqdmr%jkbftrjek%ekmr,

~qmkr`eqlmbjek%wmijkmr%ekmr,jk~dqpdkbjek+c~lf

Weaqdm? bmqdkbjm nd qdbtqrer wmqm rm~jr`mbdq kdbdrjnmndr bekrjndqmnmr arjbmr }td

jk`ftzdk dk fm bmfjnmn nd pjnm nd fmr wdqrekmr+

Dr tk ~qljke nd bekke~mbjekdr reaqd ~ene dbekljbmr }td ~mlajk bekffdpm tkm

bm~dieqjmbjk rebjmf+ Mftnd m fer ldnjer bek fer }td btdk~m tkm wdqrekm wmqm

mfbmkmq tker dr~knmqdr lkjler z wmq~jbjwmq bek keqlmfjnmn dk fm rebjdnmn+

Fm weaqdm mareft~m rd qd`jdqd m tkm rj~tmbjk dk fm }td bjdq~er dr~knmqdr

lkjler nd pjnm #~mfdr bele kt~qjbjk dntbmbjk rmftn e pjpjdknm* ke rek

mfbmkmner+

Fm weaqdm qdfm~jpm rd t~jfjm wmqm cmafmq nd fm dsjr~dkbjm nd ndrjitmfnmndr rd

bmfbtfm weq belwmqmbjk bek tk kjpdf nd pjnm bekrjndqmne dr~knmq wmqm fm

weafmbjk m fm }td rd qd`jdqd+ Rjikj`jbm }td df jknjpjnte weq `mf~m nd qdbtqrer

lm~dqjmfdr ke wmq~jbjwm nd fer caj~er z wm~qekdr nd pjnm bekrjndqmner keqlmfdr

dk fm rebjdnmn dk fm }td cmaj~m+ Dk fm Tkjk Dtqewdm df tlaqmf nd fm weaqdm

qdfm~jpm rd rj~m dk df 07$ nd fm ldnjmkm nd fer jkiqdrer weq tkjnmn nd

bekrtle+Ptfkdqmajfjnmn? ndrbqjajq tkm ekm jk~dqldnjm dk~qd fm jkbftrjk z fm dsbftrjk

rebjmf+

Tkm wdqrekm ptfkdqmafd dr m}tdffm btze dk~eqke wdqrekmf `mljfjmq,qdfmbjekmf rebje,

dbekljbe e wef~jbe,mnljkjr~qm~jpe wmndbd mfitkm ndajfjnmn z dk bekrdbtdkbjm rd

dkbtdk~qm dk tkm rj~tmbjk nd qjdrie }td wenqm ndrdkbmndkmq tk wqebdre nd fm

dsbftrjk rebjmf+

Df kjpdf nd qjdrie rdq lmzeq e ldkeq ndwdknjdkne ndf iqmne nd nd~dqjeqe ndfdk~eqke+

Jkbftrjk Rebjmf? Dr tk wqebdre }td mrditqm }td ~enmr fmr wdqrekmr ~jdkdk fmr

eweq~tkjnmndr z fer qdbtqrer kdbdrmqjer

wmqm wmq~jbjwmq wfdkmldk~d dk fm pjnm dbekljbm rebjmf z wef~jbm z wmqm njr`qt~mq nd

tkmr beknjbjekdr nd pjnm keqlmfdr+

Fm jkbftrjk rebjmf dr~ qdfmbjekmnm bek fm jk~diqmbjk fm becdrjk fm otr~jbjm

rebjmf+


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=3

Dr fm werjajfjnmn nd wmq~jbjwmbjk jitmfj~mqjm nd ~ener rtr ljdlaqer dk ~enmr fmr

njldkrjekdr rebjmfdr #dbekljbm fdimf wef~jbm btf~tqmf d~b+*

Nd`jkjbjekdr @tdk~d?

c~~w?%%yyy+`tknmbjekftjrpjpdr+eqi%~dlmr%jkbftrjekUrebjmf%bekbdw~erUUweaqdmUUdsbftrjekUrebjmfUUp

tfkdqmajfjnmnUdUjkbftrjekUrebjmf%jknds+c~lf

Dsbftrjk Rebjmf? rd dk~jdknd fm `mf~m nd wmq~jbjwmbjk nd rdildk~er nd fm weafmbjk

dk fm pjnm rebjmf dbekljbm wef~jbm z btf~tqmf nd rtr qdrwdb~jpmr rebjdnmndr ndajne

m fm bmqdkbjm nd ndqdbcer qdbtqrer z bmwmbjnmndr arjbmr #mbbdre m fm fdimfjnmn mf

ldqbmne fmaeqmf m fm dntbmbjk m fmr ~dbkefeimr nd fm jkèqlmbjk m fer rjr~dlmr nd

rmftn z wqe~dbbjk rebjmf m fm rditqjnmn bjtnmnmkm* }td cmbdk werjafd tkm

wmq~jbjwmbjk rebjmf wfdkm+ Fm dsbftrjk rebjmf dr tk bekbdw~e bfmpd dk df bek~ds~e nd

fm Tkjk Dtqewdm #TD* wmqm maeqnmq fmr rj~tmbjekdr nd weaqdm ptfkdqmajfjnmn zlmqijkmbjk nd wmq~dr nd rt weafmbjk+

Lm~dqjmf Dlwfdmne z Qdbeldknmafd Fm Itm nd qdbeldknmbjekdr z fkdmr nd mb~tmbjk dk jkbftrjk

rebjmf?

c~~w?%%yyy+`tknmbjekftjrpjpdr+eqi%~dlmr%jkbftrjekUrebjmf%itjmUndUqdbeldknmbjekdrUzUfjkdmrUndUmb~

tmbjekUdkUjkbftrjekUrebjmf%}tdUdrUfmUitjmUndUqdbeldknmbjekdrUzUfjkdmrUndUmb~tmbjekUdkUjkbftrj

ekUrebjmf%jknds+c~lf

Df Wmb~e Febmf weq df Dlwfde nd fm wqepjkbjm nd Mfldqm dr tkm mbbjk jlwtfrmnm

weq fm Njwt~mbjk Wqepjkbjmf nd Mfldqm m ~qmpr nd fm Ndfdimbjk Drwdbjmf ndDlwfde z Wqelebjk Dbekljbm z dr~ drwdbjmfldk~d njqjijne m ndrmqqeffmq

mb~tmbjekdr nd jk~diqmbjk rebje,fmaeqmf }td wdqlj~mk `mpeqdbdq df mbbdre m tk wtdr~e

nd ~qmamoe m m}tdffmr wdqrekmr wdq~dkdbjdk~dr m befdb~jper bek lmzeqdr nj`jbtf~mndr nd

jkrdqbjk fmaeqmf dk fm wqepjkbjm nd Mfldqm m ~qmpr ndf ndrmqqeffe nd J~jkdqmqjer

Jk~diqmner nd Jkrdqbjk Rebjefmaeqmf bmlwmmr nd rdkrjajfjmbjk mrdreqmljdk~e

dlwqdrmqjmf dr~tnje nd wqerwdbbjk nd kdbdrjnmndr èqlm~jpmr nd fm wqepjkbjm nd

Mfldqm+ Mrjljrle wdqrjitd df jlwtfre ndf mt~edlwfde fm bmwmbjnmn dlwqdkndneqmfm wqelebjk nd ktdpmr dlwqdrmr fm bekrefjnmbjk z beewdqmbjk dk~qd dffmr z df

mweze m fmr ljrlmr dk rt ndrmqqeffe+

qdmr nd mb~tmbjk?

Jlwtfrmq z èldk~mq df drwqj~t dlwqdrmqjmf z wqelebjk dbekljbm nd fm wqepjkbjm

nd Mfldqm Ldoeqmq fm dlwfdmajfjnmn z `mpeqdbdq fm jkrdqbjk rebje fmaeqmf nd fer

ndrdlwfdmner+


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=:

Wqelebjk z nd`dkrm nd fer wqjkbjwjer ~qmkrpdqrmfdr #jitmfnmn nd eweq~tkjnmndr dk~qd

celaqdr z ltodqdr btjnmne z qdrwd~e ndf ldnje mlajdk~d wqdpdkbjk nd qjdrier

fmaeqmfdr z ftbcm bek~qm fm njrbqjljkmbjk z dsbftrjk rebjmf*+

@tdk~d? c~~w?%%afei+njwmfld+eqi%jknds+wcw%ewjkjek%rjkewrjr,wmb~e,febmf,weq,df,dlwfde,nd,fm,

wqepjkbjm,nd,mfldqjm%

Qdrwekrmajfjnmn Rebjmf?dr fm jk~diqmbjk peftk~mqjm& weq wmq~d nd fmr dlwqdrmr& nd

fmr wqdebtwmbjekdr rebjmfdr z ldnjemlajdk~mfdr dk rtr ewdqmbjekdr beldqbjmfdr z

rtr qdfmbjekdr bek rtr jk~dqfebt~eqdr+

Rdq rebjmfldk~d qdrwekrmafd ke rjikj`jbm refmldk~d btlwfjq wfdkmldk~d fmr

eafjimbjekdr otqnjbmr& rj ke ~mlajk jq lr mffnd rt btlwfjljdk~e jkpjq~jdkne

lr dk df bmwj~mf ctlmke df dk~eqke z fmr qdfmbjekdr bek fer jk~dqfebt~eqdr+ Fm

dswdqjdkbjm mn}tjqjnm bek fm jkpdqrjk dk ~dbkefeimr z wqmb~jbmr beldqbjmfdr

qdrwd~termr ndf ldnje mlajdk~d rtijdqd }td jq lr mfff

ndf btlwfjljdk~e nd fm

fdijrfmbjk wtdnd mtldk~mq fm belwd~j~jpjnmn nd fmr dlwqdrmr+

Ke rd ndad bekrjndqmq rtr~j~t~jpm nd fm qdifmldk~mbjk e fdijrfmbjk reaqd ndqdbcer

rebjmfdr e keqlmr ldnjemlajdk~mfdr kj wdqlj~d ~mlwebe rerfmzmq fm dfmaeqmbjk nd

ktdpmr keqlmr mwqewjmnmr+

Fm jkbjndkbjm dbekljbm nd fm qdrwekrmajfjnmn rebjmf wtdnd ndrifermqrd dk d`db~er

njqdb~er d jknjqdb~er+ Rd wtdndk ndqjpmq qdrtf~mner werj~jper njqdb~er nd weq dodlwfetk ldoeq dk~eqke nd ~qmamoe }td idkdqd tk lmzeq belwqeljre nd fer ~qmamomneqdr

d jkbqdldk~d rt wqentb~jpjnmn e nd tkm t~jfjmbjk d`jbm nd fer qdbtqrer km~tqmfdr+

Mndlr& rd feiqmk d`db~er jknjqdb~er m ~qmpr ndf mtldk~e nd fm m~dkbjk }td wqdr~mk

m fm dlwqdrm bekrtljneqdr d jkpdqreqdr& }td mlwfjmqmrtr werjajfjnmndr dk df

ldqbmne+ Dk rdk~jne bek~qmqje fm bqj~jbm nd fmr wqmb~jbmr beldqbjmfdr ndrmqqeffmnmr

weq tkm dlwqdrm wtdnd jk`ftjq m pdbdr kdim~jpmldk~d dk fm ewjkjk }td rd ~jdkd nd

dffm+Df mtldk~e nd rt wtdr~m dk wqmb~jbm dk fmr wd}tdmr z ldnjmkmr dlwqdrmr jkbftjnmr

fmr ljbqedlwqdrmr dr `tknmldk~mf weq}td rek fmr }td lr bek~qjatzdk m fm

dbekelm z m fm bqdmbjk nd wtdr~er nd ~qmamoe+

Mbbjekdr werjafdr?

df `eldk~e nd fm `eqlmbjk z df qdbjbfmod wmqm imqmk~jmq }td fer njqdb~jper ~dkimk

fmr cmajfjnmndr z belwd~dkbjmr kdbdrmqjmr m `jk nd ndrmqqeffmq z wqelepdq fm

qdrwekrmajfjnmn rebjmf nd fmr dlwqdrmr8


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17

fm nj`trjk z df jk~dqbmlaje nd jk`eqlmbjk dk wmq~jbtfmq reaqd fmr atdkmr wqmb~jbmr

dk lm~dqjm nd qdrwekrmajfjnmn rebjmf nd fmr dlwqdrmr df dr~mafdbjljdk~e nd keqlmr fm

dpmftmbjk belwmqm~jpm z df rditjljdk~e fm bek~majfjnmn fm mtnj~eqjm z fm

dfmaeqmbjk nd jk`eqldr8

fer mkfjrjr z fm jkpdr~jimbjk reaqd fm wef~jbm rebjmf m ldnje wfme

df mkfjrjr ndf wmwdf ndf lmqbe otqnjbe+

Lm~dqjmf Ndrbmqimafd ? c~~w?%%yyy+rfjndrcmqd+kd~%afeiqrd%fjaqe,pdqndqrbtkjkdtqewdm,

=>723210


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1=

JJJ+ Eqjdk~mbjk Fmaeqmf

Wqd,@eqlmbjk nd ndrmqqeffe nd cmajfjnmndr

Ndrmqqeffe nd cmajfjnmndr rebjmfdr& eqjdk~mbjk fmaeqmf z bmfj`jbmbjk arjbm+ Dk dr~d

wdqjene fmr trtmqjmr rd dkbtdk~qmk dk fm wqjldqm `mrd nd rt jkrdqbjk? bek mbbjekdr

bekbqd~mr njqjijnmr m iqtwer& btze kjpdf nd cmajfjnmndr arjbmr kdbdrj~m nd mwezer

belwfdldk~mqjer& ~qmamomkne mrwdb~er nd qdrwekrmajfjnmn& le~jpmbjk& mb~j~tndr z

belwd~dkbjmr+

Lmqbe nd Mb~tmbjk?

Fm njkljbm ndf Ldqbmne Fmaeqmf

Rdfdbbjk nd Ebtwmbjekdr

Bekdsjk nd rmfmqjer z kjpdf nd btmfj`jbmbjk dsjijner

Mnmw~mbjk nd fm jkèqlmbjk wqe`drjekmf mf trtmqje

@mbjfj~mbjk nd fm bekdsjk dk~qd fm e`dq~m z fm ndlmknm

Jkèqlmbjk reaqd fm mbbdrjajfjnmn nd tk ~qmamoe

Lmr eweq~tkjnmndr jkbftjnmr ebtwmbjekdr wmqm wdqrekmr dk qjdrie Df bmwj~mf e qdbtqrer ctlmker

Bek~qefm df imr~e wdqrekmf z rebjmf

Jkèqlm reaqd fmr belwd~dkbjmr

Mtsjfjm dk df wqebdre nd ~elm nd ndbjrjekdr

Qdntbd fer qjdrier nd fer j~jkdqmqjer ber~erer

Fer wqebdrer nd ar}tdnm nd ~qmamoe

Njrljktzd fer ber~er

Mweq~m otjbjer qdmfdr

Bekbdk~qm dk fm ljrlm ar}tdnm fer nj`dqdk~dr dr`tdqer

Cmbd lmr qmbjekmf df wqebdre nd ar}tdnm

Dpj~m fer dr~dqde~jwer

@mpeqdbd fm lepjfjnmn wqe`drjekmf

Dpj~m njrbqjljkmbjekdr


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11

M+ BEKBDW^ER MWFJBMNER M FMR DR^QM^DIJMR?

Mt~ebekebjljdk~e?

Amqqdqmr?

=? Fm ~dkndkbjm }td ~dkdler fmr wdqrekmr weq wtneq lefdr~jm readqajm e

rjlwfdldk~d ndrbekebdq m kdimq ktdr~qer nd`db~er z pjq~tndr

1? wqewjm km~tqmfdm nd mt~ebekebjljdk~e+

2? Qdrjr~dkbjm mf mt~ebekebjljdk~e

Jkr~qtldk~er z ~bkjbmr?

@jbcmr nd qdbeijnm nd nm~er wdqrekmfdr z wqe`drjekmfdr

^dr~ nd wdqrekmfjnmn

Wdq`jfdr nd wdqrekmfjnmn

Btdr~jekmqjer wmqm ldnjq mfik `mb~eq

Njkljbmr nd iqtwe

^bkjbmr nd mkfjrjr nd rj~tmbjekdr

Rdrjekdr nd wtdr~m dk belk

Jlwfjbmbjk nd wqezdb~er ~dqjber Mwqdknjmod nd ~bkjbmr nd ar}tdnm nd dlwfde

Mt~edr~jlm? pmfeqmbjk }td cmbdler nd kere~qer ljrler reaqd fm amrd nd fmr

rdkrmbjekdr z dswdqjdkbjmr }td cdler jne jkbeqweqmkne m fe fmqie nd fm pjnm+

Fm wdqrekm bek amom mt~edr~jlm?

Reaqdidkdqmfjmbjk

Ndrjikmbjk ifeamf

Wdkrmljdk~e wefmqjmne

Mt~embtrmbjk

Wdqrekmfjmbjk

Fdb~tqmr ndf Wdkrmljdk~e

@mfmbjmr nd Bek~qef

Qmekmljdk~e dlebjekmf


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12

@eqlmr nd ldoeqmq fm Mt~edr~jlm #wdkrmq dk werj~jpe z reftbjk nd wqeafdlmr*?

Bekpjdq~d fe kdim~jpe dk werj~jpe #wdkrmljdk~er kdim~jper m mf~dqkm~jper*

Ke idkdqmfjmq

Bdk~qmqker dk fe werj~jpe Cmbdqker bekrbjdk~dr nd fer feiqer e sj~er

Ke belwmqmqrd

Bek`jmq dk kere~qer ljrler

Mbdw~mqrd m kere~qer ljrler

Dr`eqmqker wmqm ldoeqmq

Mt~emkfjrjr? df dr~tnje dk wqe`tknjnmn nd ktdr~qmr bmqmb~dqr~jbmr nd

wdqrekmfjnmn #mb~j~tndr mw~j~tndr Wtk~er `tdq~dr z najfdr caj~er z feiqer* wmqm

e`qdbdqrd m fe }td drwdqm df Ldqbmne Fmaeqmf nd kere~qer+

Df eqjdk~mneq fmaeqmf wtdnd mztnmq mf rtod~e m dfmaeqmq wqezdb~er nd rtwdqmbjk

wdqrekmf?

=? Wfmk~dmqrd tkm ld~m bfmqm z bekbqd~m

1? Dr~mafdbdq fmr ~mqdmr }td rd ndadk qdmfjmq wmqm feiqmqfmr

2? Eqimkjmq fmr ~mqdmr dk df eqndk }td rd ndadqmk qdmfjmq

>? Wekdqfer dk lmqbcm z dpmftmq fer feiqer }td rd pmzmk bekrjitjdkne+

Ndrmqqeffe nd CC+RR+ wmqm fm ar}tdnm nd ~qmamoer+

^jwer Nd Eaod~jper?

Eaod~jper M`db~jper? bekrjitjdkne qdfmbjekdr rm~jr`mb~eqjmr bek fer ndlr+

Eaod~jper jkr~qtldk~mfdr? Wdqlj~jdkne mb~jpjnmndr bek sj~e+

Belwekdk~dr lefdbtfmqdr ( jlweq~mk~dr nd ~enm bekntb~m jk~dqwdqrekmf?

Belwekdk~dr ke pdqamfdr

Fm ljqmnm

Fm dswqdrjk `mbjmf


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1>

Fm Rekqjrm

Fer Idr~er

Fm wer~tqm #mb~j~tndr dlebjekdr e Mbelwmmljdk~e ndf cmafm*

e Mbdqbmljdk~e

e Qd~jqmnm

e Dswmkrjk

e Bek~qmbbjk

Fm eqjdk~mbjk

Fm Njr~mkbjm ndf bek~mb~e `rjbe

Fm mwmqjdkbjm wdqrekmf

Belwekdk~dr wmqmfjkir~jber

Df peftldk nd fm pe

Fm Dk~ekmbjk

Fm @ftjnd

Fm bfmqjnmn

Fm pdfebjnmn

Df ~jdlwe nd cmafm

Belwekdk~dr pdqamfdr

Dk~qdkmljdk~e dk CC+RR+

Lendfmljdk~e #M~dkbjk Qd~dkbjk z Qdwqentbbjk*

Qdwqdrdk~mbjk nd wmwdfdr #Qefd Wfmzjki*

Qd~qemfjldk~mbjk

Idkdqmfjmbjk

Eaod~jpe wqe`drjekmf? ]t }tjdqe cmbdq5 dk tk wdqjene nd ~jdlwe nd~dqljkmne

m beq~e ldnje e fmqie wfme ~dkjdkne dk btdk~m ljr le~jpmbjekdr


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14

Wdq`jf wqe`drjekmf?]t wtdne cmbdq5

Bekotk~e nd belwd~dkbjmr wmqm df ndrdlwde nd pmqjer wtdr~er nd ~qmamoe }td

wqdrdk~mk m`jkjnmn z }td bek`jitqmk tkm ebtwmbjk+

Rd ~qm~m nd qdmfjmq tk jkpdk~mqje wdqrekmf }td ~d wdqlj~m qd`fdsjekmq reaqd ~tr

werjajfjnmndr qdrwdb~e m fer wtdr~er }td lr ~d jk~dqdrmk+

LTZ QDBELDKNMAFD QDMFJ_MQKER TK N+M+@+E?+

@eq~mfdmr Ndajfjnmndr Eweq~tkjnmndr z Mldkmmr }td ~dkdler ndk~qe nd ktdr~qmr

dr~qm~dijmr bek ljqmr m dr~mafdbdq eaod~jper dr~qm~ijber ~dknjdk~dr m?

Bekr~qtjq reaqd fmr @eq~mfdmr

Dfjljkmq fmr Ndajfjnmndr

Dswfe~mq fmr Eweq~tkjnmndr


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10

Lj~jimq fmr Mldkmmr

( Jkè?

c~~w?%%yyy+dlwqdkndneqdr+dr%dlwqdrm%dr~qm~dijm%beleUcmbdqUtkUnmè

c~~w?%%dr+yjhjwdnjm+eqi%yjhj%Mk$B2$M=fjrjrUNM@E

c~~w?%%nmè+yjhjrwmbdr+bel%Dkfmbdr

Cdqqmljdk~m Ekfjkd?

c~~w?%%yyy+jkicdkjm+bel%imnid~r%rye~%rye~+wcw

BELWD^DKBJMR?

Ndrbtaqd ~tr belwd~dkbjmr z qdbtdqnm rj~tmbjekdr dk fmr }td fmr cmzmr wtdr~e

dk wqb~jbm+

Mkmfjm df wdq`jf qd}tdqjne wmqm df wtdr~e nd ~qmamoe }td atrbmr m wmq~jq nd

e`dq~mr nd dlwfde bekbqd~mr z Itmr nd Ebtwmbjekdr+


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19

Dr~mafdbd fer mrwdb~er }td ndadr ldoeqmq+

Dkbek~qmqr ~enm fm jkèqlmbjk reaqd fmr belwd~dkbjmr idkqjbmr z drwdb`jbmr }td ~d

wjndk dk mfitker wtdr~er nd ~qmamoe+ Bekrtf~m fmr Itmr nd Ebtwmbjekdr }td ~d

e`qdbd fm Bekrdodqm nd Dlwfde?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%dlwfde%atrbmq^qmamoe

%dfjidWqe`drjek%

Weq~mf Jkèoear+ c~~w?%%yyy+jkèoear+kd~%itjmwdqrekmf%~t,z,~t,bp%}tjdk,rez,ze%fjr~mne,

belwd~dkbjmr,cmaj~tmfdr%+ Fjr~mne nd belwd~dkbjmr qd}tdqjnmr wmqm atrbmq dlwfde+

Dntbmyda+c~~w?%%yyy+dntbmyda+bel%drw%rdqpjbjer%lekeiqm`jbe%belwd~dkbjmrU17==%+

Lekeiq`jbe nd Belwd~dkbjmr Wqe`drjekmfdr dk fm Ar}tdnm nd Dlwfde+

A+ @EQLMBJK QMKRPDQRMF?

m* @eldk~e ndf mwqdknjmod Ktdpmr dbkefeimr

a* Wef~jbmr nd Jitmfnmn nd Eweq~tkjnmndr?

Rek df bekotk~e nd ldnjnmr wef~jbmr wtdr~mr dk lmqbcm ndrnd fmr jkr~j~tbjekdr

wafjbmr bek df eaod~jpe nd qdrefpdq fm rj~tmbjk rebjmf nd ndrjitmfnmn dk~qd celaqdr

z ltodqdr+ Bekrjr~dk dk tkm rdqjd nd cdqqmljdk~mr ndr~jkmnmr m wqelepdq fm

jk~diqmbjk rebjmf nd fmr ltodqdr #lj~mn nd fm weafmbjk* dk ~ener fer laj~er

#fmaeqmf wef~jbe dbekljbe dntbm~jpe*+

@eldk~endfmkenjrbqjljkmbjkzftbcmbek~qmfmdsbftrjkrebjmf+

Mbbjk Werj~jpm? Dr tkm dr~qm~dijm ndr~jkmnm m dr~mafdbdq fm jitmfnmn nd

eweq~tkjnmndr weq ldnje nd ldnjnmr }td werjajfj~dk belwdkrmq e beqqdijq m}tdffmr

ndrjitmfnmndr }td rek qdrtf~mne nd wqb~jbmr rebjmfdr+

Dfjljkmq ear~btfer otqnjber mfbmkmq fm jitmfnmn èqlmf ke wqentbd fm dfjljkmbjk

nd fm njrbqjljkmbjk cmbjm fmr ltodqdr #t e~qer befdb~jper* zm }td rjitd dsjr~jdkne df

wdre cjr~qjbe nd fm rj~tmbjk nd ndrd}tjfjaqje z fmr beknjbjekdr rebjebtf~tqmfdr }td fm

lmk~jdkdk weq dffe rek kdbdrmqjmr imqmk~mr otqnjbmr ndf dodqbjbje ndf ndqdbce m fm

jitmfnmn z ldbmkjrler mb~jper }td belwdkrdk dr~m ndrpdk~mom jkjbjmf mbtltfmnm

wmqm bekrditjq fm jitmfnmn lm~dqjmf e qdmf+


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Fm ndbfmqmbjk nd fm jitmfnmn nd eweq~tkjnmndr nd fer jkr~qtldk~er fdijrfm~jper dr

jkrt`jbjdk~d zm }td ke lenj`jbm fm qdmfjnmn rebjmf cmz }td rj~tmq m ltodqdr z celaqdr

dk df ljrle wtk~e nd wmq~jnm+

Qdfmbjekmne bek df bekbdw~e nd mbbjk werj~jpm dr~ fm njrbqjljkmbjk werj~jpm e

jkpdqrm }td ~jdkd bele eaod~jpe wqjpjfdijmq m }tjdkdr wdq~dkdbdk m tk iqtwe

ndr`mpeqdbjne+

b* JITMFNMN ND IDKDQE

Fm ~qmkrpdqrmfjnmn e lmjkr~qdmljki nd ikdqe wdqrjitd bekrefjnmq drm

d}tjwmqmbjk m fmqie wfme z imqmk~jmq }td kjkitkm wdqrekm rd rjdk~m njqdb~m ejknjqdb~mldk~d njrbqjljkmnm weq rt wdq~dkdkbjm m tke t e~qe rdse+

Jitmfnmn fdimf d jitmfnmn d`db~jpm+

Jitmfnmn @eqlmf?

E~eqimq m celaqdr z ltodqdr fer ljrler ndqdbcer fmr ljrlmr eweq~tkjnmndr fmr

ljrlmr beknjbjekdr d jitmf ~qm~mljdk~e dk ~ener fer bmlwer nd fm pjnm z dr`dqmr nd

fm rebjdnmn+ Bekrditjq jitmfnmn dk fmr fdzdr wmqm mlaer rdser+ Rtwekd df

qdbekebjljdk~e otqnjbe nd fm jitmfnmn+ Jkbftzd fm ke njrbqjljkmbjk weq qmk nd

rdse+ Wdqrjitd fm dfjljkmbjk nd ~enmr fmr `eqlmr nd njrbqjljkmbjk dswfbj~mldk~d

qdbeijnm dk fmr fdzdr+

Dr kdbdrmqjm wmqm dqqmnjbmq fmr njrbqjljkmbjekdr njqdb~mr?

Cmafmler nd Njrbqjljkmbjk Njqdb~m btmkne tkm wdqrekm dr ~qm~mnm nd lmkdqm

ldker `mpeqmafd }td e~qm dk dr~d bmre weq wdq~dkdbdq m tk rdse z ke m e~qe+

Wdkmfjmnm weq fm Fdz wdqe ~enmpm rd dkbtdk~qmk bmrer+

Jitmfnmn Qdmf?Dr kdbdrmqjm wmqm dqqmnjbmq fmr njrbqjljkmbjekdr jknjqdb~mr? lr

nj`bjfdr nd jndk~j`jbmq z }td bekrjr~dk dk dr~mafdbdq beknjbjekdr }td dk ~qljker

`eqlmfdr rek kdt~qmr wdqe }td dk fm wqb~jbm rek ndr`mpeqmafdr wmqm tke nd fer

rdser? btmkne rd ~qm~m nd lmkdqm ndrjitmf m tkm wdqrekm weq qmk nd rt

wdq~dkdkbjm m tk rdse


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1:

M wdrmq nd }td ltbcmr fdzdr keqlm~jpmr e wqb~jbmr rebjmfdr ~qm~dk nd jitmf èqlm m

celaqdr z m ltodqdr mf `jkmf ~jdkdk bele d`db~e tk qdrtf~mne kdim~jpe e ndrjitmf

wmqm fmr ltodqdr weq}td fmr ltodqdr wmq~dk nd tkm rj~tmbjk nd ndrpdk~mom+

Jitmfnmn dk df laj~e fmaeqmf? rdb~eqdr wqentb~jper bekbjfjmbjk nd fm pjnm

fmaeqmf #FDZDR * z `mljfjmq+

Tkm nd fmr fdzdr lmr wqeiqdrjr~mr d jitmfj~mqjmr ndf ltkne dr fm Fdz Eqikjbm

2%1779 wmqm fm jitmfnmn d`db~jpm nd ltodqdr z celaqdr

Wfmkdr nd Mbbjk wmqm df Dlwfde ndf Qdjke nd Drwmm?

Otk~e m fmr wef~jbmr nd Jitmfnmn njrdmnmr ndrnd df Jkr~j~t~e nd fm Ltodq fer Wfmkdr

nd Mbbjk wmqm df Dlwfde ndf Qdjke nd Drwmm jk~diqmner dk fmr Dr~qm~dijmr

Dtqewdmr nd Dlwfde bekr~j~tzdk ndrnd =::3 tk jkr~qtldk~e wqjleqnjmf dk df

njrde nd fmr njqdb~qjbdr nd fm wef~jbm nd dlwfde dk ktdr~qe wmr z nd fm wef~jbm nd

jitmfnmn nd ikdqe+

Amoe df eaod~jpe dswfbj~e nd mpmkmq cmbjm tkm wmq~jbjwmbjk wmqj~mqjm nd fmr ltodqdr

dk df ldqbmne fmaeqmf rd bek~dlwfmk ldnjnmr nd njrbqjljkmbjk werj~jpm

èldk~mkne tk mbbdre wqjeqj~mqje nd fmr ltodqdr m fm lmzeqm nd fer wqeiqmlmr nd

èldk~e ndf dlwfde+ Dk df Wjfmq JP ndnjbmne m qdèqmq fm wef~jbm nd jitmfnmn ndeweq~tkjnmndr rd jkbftzdk btm~qe njqdb~qjbdr? fm jk~diqmbjk nd fm jitmfnmn nd

eweq~tkjnmndr nd celaqdr z ltodqdr dk ~enmr fmr wef~jbmr fm ftbcm bek~qm fm

njrbqjljkmbjk dk~qd celaqdr z ltodqdr fm bekbjfjmbjk fm pjnm fmaeqmf z `mljfjmq z

fm `mbjfj~mbjk nd fm qdjkbeqweqmbjk mf ~qmamoe nd fmr ltodqdr+

Fm njrbqjljkmbjk rmfmqjmf cm rjne tkm nd fmr pjefmbjekdr z njrbqjljkmbjekdr bek~qm

fmr ltodqdr }td lr rd ffdpm ndktkbjmkne weq ~ener fer lepjljdk~er `dljkjr~mr

rjknjbm~er z befdb~jper rebjmfdr mlwmqknerd dk dr~tnjer dr~mnr~jber }td mr fe

ndltdr~qmk ndrnd fm EJ^ Rjknjbm~er e fm wqewjm Beljrjk nd fm TD+ Nd dr~m wqdljrm

wmq~d df Wfmk Kmbjekmf bek~qm fm Njrbqjljkmbjk Fmaeqmf nd fm Ltodq mwqeamne dk

otfje nd 1772+

Fm wef~jbm nd bekbjfjmbjk nd fm pjnm `mljfjmq z fmaeqmf m ~qmpr nd fm Fdz 2:%:: nd

4 nd kepjdlaqd rtwekd df qdbekebjljdk~e jlwfbj~e nd }td ke dr werjafd df

ndrmqqeffe wdqrekmf wfdke rjk bekrditjq tk d}tjfjaqje dk~qd fer qefdr wqentb~jpe z


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qdwqentb~jpe+

Mwfjbmne mf laj~e `dldkjke jlwfjbm qdbekebdq }td ke dr werjafd fm jk~diqmbjk

rebje,fmaeqmf wfdkm nd fmr ltodqdr rjk tk qdwmq~e nd qdrwekrmajfjnmndr qdmf ndk~qe ndf

laj~e nelr~jbe+ Dr~mr wef~jbmr rek nd ndrmqqeffe ltz qdbjdk~d dk Drwmm bek tkm

jkbjndkbjm ~enmpm amr~mk~d fjlj~mnm fe btmf cm rtwtdr~e tkm `qtr~qmbjk mk~d fm Fdz z

rt `mf~m nd ndrmqqeffe+

Jkbdk~jper z Aekj`jbmbjekdr wmqm fm Jitmfnmn z Bekbjfjmbjk?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jk`eq

lmbjek%jitmfnmnBekbjfjmbjek%

FWJ bek~qm fm Pjefdkbjm nd Idkdqe?

Dk dffm rd wqdp fm bqdmbjk nd >20 otimner nd pjefdkbjm bek~qm fm ltodq }td cmk

dlwdmne m `tkbjekmq dk ~enm Drwmm ,=9 nd dffer dsbftrjper nd ktdpm bqdmbjk,&

mndlr rd cmbd tkm ktdpm ~jwj`jbmbjk nd fm pjefdkbjm+ Dk fm }td ltbcmr nd fmr

bekrjndqmnmr mk~dqjeqldk~d bele mf~mr rd bfmrj`jbmk mceqm bele ndfj~er+

Rd miqmpm mrjljrle fm wdkm weq df ndfj~e nd }tdaqmk~mljdk~e nd bekndkm e nd

ldnjnmr bmt~dfmqdr& dk~qd fmr }td ndr~mbmk fm dswtfrjk ndf neljbjfje& df mfdomljdk~e&

z fm rtrwdkrjk nd fmr beltkjbmbjekdr& nd fm wm~qjm we~dr~mn& nd fm btr~enjm nd

ldkeqdr& ndf qijldk nd pjrj~mr z ndf ndqdbce m fm ~dkdkbjm nd mqlmr+

Rd wqdp mndlr fm bqdmbjk nd nebd tkjnmndr nd pmfeqmbjk jk~diqmf nd fm

pjefdkbjm nd ikdqe& belwtdr~mr weq wrjbfeier& mrjr~dk~dr rebjmfdr z `eqdkrdr& dk

fmr beltkjnmndr z bjtnmndr mt~kelmr ndwdknjdk~dr ndf Ljkjr~dqje nd Otr~jbjm+

Dk df mwmq~mne Mlwfjmq ndf mtfm dkbek~qmqr mfitkmr nd dr~mr fdzdr qdfmbjekmnmr&

bele fm Fdz nd Ldnjnmr nd Wqe~dbbjk Jk~diqmf bek~qm fm Pjefdkbjm nd Ikdqe& e fm

Fdz wmqm fm wqelebjk nd fm Jitmfnmn nd Ikdqe dk Mknmftbm+

FDIJRFMBJEK?

Fdz wmqm fm wqelebjk nd fm Jitmfnmn nd Ikdqe dk Mknmftbm Wqeiqmlmr nd Mbbjk wmqm fm Jitmfnmn dk~qd ltodqdr z celaqdr

Dr~qm~dijm lmqbe reaqd fm Jitmfnmn dk~qd celaqdr z ltodqdr

Wfmk nd ~qmamoe wmqm fm jitmfnmn dk~qd fmr ltodqdr z fer celaqdr #1770,17=7*


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Weq~mfdr Z Dkfmbdr @tknmldk~mfdr?

Jkr~j~t~e Mknmft Nd Fm Ltodq?

C~~w?%%Yyy+Otk~mndmknmftbjm+Dr%Jkr~j~t~endfmltodq

Ljkjr~dqje Nd Jitmfnmn Jkr~j~t~e Nd Fm Ltodq?

C~~w?%%Yyy+Ljitmfnmn+Dr%Ltodq

Dr~mnr~jbmr nd Ikdqe dk Mknmftbm

Tkjnmn nd Jitmfnmn z Ikdqe Otk~m nd Mknmftbm

Bdk~qe nd Nebtldk~mbjk reaqd Ikdqe

Bjtnmn nd Ltodqdr dk fm qdn

D,fdmqkjki d Jitmfnmn?

c~~w?%%wqeld~de2+tr+dr%wtafjbe%dr%dfdmqkjkiUjitmfnmn%LRU7+c~lf

Ltodqdr Qtqmfdr dk fm Rebjdnmn nd fm Jk`eqlmbjk

Bdk~qe d,jitmfnmn

Tkjk Dtqewdm? Jk~diqmbjk nd fm jitmfnmn nd eweq~tkjnmndr dk fmr wef~jbmr

beltkj~mqjmr

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%jitmfnmnzajdkdr~mqrebjmf%dsweq~%WdqrekmrUNjr

bmwmbjnmn%C^LF%wfmkUltodq%jknds+c~lf

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%

dr%jk`eqlmbjek%wfmkdrOtk~mMknmftbjm%wfmkJitmfnmn%wfmkUdr~qm~dijbeUjitmfnmn

+wn`

n* RDKRJAJFJ_MBJEK LDNJE MLAJDK^MF?

Bqjrjr dbefijbm? !rk~elmr! ndf nd~dqjeqe dbefijbe e bqjrjr dbefijbm nd ktdr~qe

wfmkd~m?

m+ ^jdqqm

m+=+ Ndrdq~jmbjk+


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m+1+ Njrljktbjk nd fm ajenjpdqrjnmn

m+2+ Df wqeafdlm ndleiq`jbe z fmr bekbdk~qmbjekdr tqamkmr+

m+>+ Idr~jk ndf mitm z ndf rtdfe dk fer wmrdr ndrmqqeffmner+m+4+ Fm ndrmwmqjbjk nd fer aer}tdr z fm fftpjm bjnm+

a+ Lmq

a+=+ Bek~mljkmbjk nd fer lmqdr+

a+1+ Fmr mitmr ntfbdr+

b+ Mjqd+

b+=+ D`db~e jkpdqkmndqe z bmlaje bfjl~jbe

b+1+ Fm bmwm nd eeke

Feiqmq df bqdbjljdk~e bdqe dk df rjr~dlm ltknjmf ke dr rjke ~qmkr`eqlmq df

bqdbjljdk~e dbekljbe cmr~m ffdimq m bdqe+ Df wqeafdlm dr rdqje weq}td rt

mqitldk~e rd cm ffdpmne m fmr ~bkjbmr nd lmkdoe nd ltbcer bmlwer

wqe`drjekmfdr d jkbftre mf nd fm idr~jk wfmk~dknerd tk rjr~dlm nd bek~qef

qjitqere }td mrditqd tk lmkdoe bdqe nd fer qdbtqrer+

Df bqdbjljdk~e weafmbjekmf bdqe d}tjpmfd m ndbjq }td fm ~mrm nd qdwqentbbjk

rdq jitmf e jk`dqjeq m fm nd qdwerjbjk ctlmkm fe btmf ~dknq dk~qd e~qmr

bekrdbtdkbjmr d`db~er reaqd fm belwerjbjk nd dnmndr bekrtle jkpdqrjekdr z

cmr~m reaqd df dkpdodbjljdk~e nd fm weafmbjk fe }td ~dqljkmqm dk bekpdq~jqrd dk

tk wqeafdlm ~mk iqmpd bele df }td jk~dk~m qdrefpdq+

Df lepjljdk~e weq df ndbqdbjljdk~e+

Pefpdq m fm wqentbbjk lm~dqjmf nd fer mer rdrdk~m,rd~dk~m bek tkm ctdffm

dbefijbm jitmf e jk`dqjeq m tk wfmkd~m

Jk~dqkmfjmq fer ber~dr ndf ~qmkrweq~d z dpj~mq fer hjfel~qjber pjmodr nd ~enmr fmr

ldqbmkbmr

Qdfebmfjmq fmr mb~jpjnmndr z }td fm wqentbbjk rd rj~d bdqbm ndf bekrtljneq

Mnew~mq df wqeiqmlm nd fm miqjbtf~tqm bdqbmkm m fm weafmbjk bele wqewtikm fm

Bek`dndqmbjk bmlwdrjkm nd Oer Aep


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Wdkmfjmq bek~tkndk~dldk~d df imr~e wtafjbj~mqje

Ndbqd~mq tkm leqm~eqjm reaqd fm jkkepmbjk ~dbkefijbm }td ker wdqlj~m cmbdq

tk amfmkbd rdqje z qdeqjdk~mq fm jkpdr~jimbjk bjdk~`jbm z ~bkjbm dk `tkbjk nd

fmr ktdpmr mrwjqmbjekdr

Mnew~mq tk dr~jfe nd pjnm lr `qtimf }td qdntbm ktdr~qm mnjbbjk mf bekrtle

d~b+

Df bekbdw~e nd ifeamfjmbjk+

Jk~dqkmbjekmfjzmbjk& Ltknjmfjzmbjk& Ifeamfjzmbjk+

Jk~dqkmbjekmfjzmbjk Ltknjmfjzmbjk Ifeamfjzmbjk

RTODÊ Dr~mner,Kmbjk Bjtnmnmker Bjtnmnmker

NJLDKRJEKDR Qdfmbjekdr wef~jbmr Mfitkm dswdqjdkbjmr&pmfeq& ajdk#Mfitke*

Jk~dqbekdsjk nddbekelm& wef~jbm zbtf~tqmf #êner*

MFBMKBDêner fer dr~mnerkmbjk

êner fer

bjtnmnmker ndfltkne+

Mfitker bjtnmnmker

JK^DKRJNMN Drbmrm Jk~dkrm Jk~dkrm

Weq ldnje mlajdk~d rd dk~jdknd ~ene fe }td qendm m tk rdq pjpe+ Mbeknjbjekm

drwdbjmfldk~d fmr bjqbtkr~mkbjmr nd pjnm nd fmr wdqrekmr e nd fm rebjdnmn dk rt pjnm+

Belwqdknd df bekotk~e nd pmfeqdr km~tqmfdr rebjmfdr z btf~tqmfdr dsjr~dk~dr dk tkftimq z dk tk leldk~e nd~dqljkmne }td jk`ftzdk dk fm pjnm ndf rdq ctlmke z dk

fmr idkdqmbjekdr pdkjndqmr+ Dr ndbjq ke rd ~qm~m rfe ndf drwmbje dk df }td rd

ndrmqqeffm fm pjnm rjke }td ~mlajk belwqdknd rdqdr pjper eaod~er mitm rtdfe

mjqd z fmr qdfmbjekdr dk~qd dffer mr bele dfdldk~er ~mk jk~mkijafdr bele fm btf~tqm

@tdk~d? c~~w?%%dr+yjhjwdnjm+eqi%yjhj%LdnjeUmlajdk~d

Ifeamfjmbjk z Ldnje Mlajdk~d?c~~w?%%yyy+dbefeijr~mrdkmbbjek+eqi%mq~jbfd1:>:+c~lf

Bmlaje Bfjl~jbe #rdik Fm Bekpdkbjk Lmqbe nd fmr Kmbjekdr Tkjnmr reaqd df

Bmlaje Bfjl~jbe*? rd dk~jdknd tk bmlaje nd bfjlm m~qjatjne njqdb~m e

jknjqdb~mldk~d m fm mb~jpjnmn ctlmkm }td mf~dqm fm belwerjbjk nd fm m~lr`dqm

ltknjmf z }td rd rtlm m fm pmqjmajfjnmn km~tqmf ndf bfjlm eardqpmnm ntqmk~d

wdqener belwmqmafdr+


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Ndrmqqeffe Rer~dkjafd?

Fm wqewtdr~m ndf Jkèqld Aqtkn~fmkn }td nd`jkd df ndrmqqeffe rer~dkjafd bele !df

ndrmqqeffe }td rm~jr`mbd fmr kdbdrjnmndr nd fm idkdqmbjk wqdrdk~d rjk belwqeld~dq

fm bmwmbjnmn nd fmr idkdqmbjekdr t~tqmr wmqm rm~jr`mbdq rtr kdbdrjnmndr!+ Nd dr~d

lene rd wekd dk otdie fe }td rd cm pdkjne m ffmlmq !refjnmqjnmn jk~dqidkdqmbjekmf!+

Fer eaod~jper ndf ndrmqqeffe rtr~dk~mafd rek fer rjitjdk~dr?

Rm~jr`mbdq fmr kdbdrjnmndr ctlmkmr arjbmr+ Dr~e rd dkèbm njqdb~mldk~d

cmbjm fe mfjldk~mqje wmqm dpj~mq df cmlaqd z fm ndrkt~qjbjk+ Nd dr~m èqlm rd

imqmk~jmq fm !ntqmajfjnmn nd fm drwdbjd ctlmkm! }td nd ke rdq mr rd dr~mq

wekjdkne bele tk flj~d ke ndrdmne mf ndrmqqeffe+

Feiqmq tk bqdbjljdk~e dbekljbe bekr~mk~d+ Fe btmf rd bekrjndqm tkm

beknjbjk kdbdrmqjm wdqe ke rt`jbjdk~d+ Dk dr~e rd wdqrjitd }td fm dbekelm

aqjknd tkm bmk~jnmn nd ajdkdr z rdqpjbjer wmqm m~dkndq m tkm bqdbjdk~d

weafmbjk+ Fe ndrdmafd rjdlwqd dr }td df bqdbjljdk~e dbekljbe rdm jitmf e

rtwdqjeq mf ndleiq`jbe bek fe btmf rd wtdnd ldoeqmq rt bmwmbjnmn wqentb~jpm

df we~dkbjmf nd qdbtqrer ctlmker z ~dbkefijber+

Ldoeqmq fm bmfjnmn ndf bqdbjljdk~e dbekljbe+ Dk drwdbjmf m fmr

werjajfjnmndr nd ~dkdq tk mbbdre d}tj~m~jpe m fer qdbtqrer km~tqmfdr z mf

adkd`jbje ndf bqdbjljdk~e dk ~qljker nd ldoeq njr~qjatbjk nd fm qdk~m

adkd`jbjer rebjmfdr wqe~dbbjk ndf mlajdk~d e rt jkbqdldk~e+

M~dkndq m fer mrwdb~er ndleiq`jber+ Dk drwdbjmf qdntbjq fmr mf~mr ~mrmr nd

bqdbjljdk~e weafmbjekmf cmbjm tke ldrtqmne }td wdqlj~m mtldk~mq fm

njrwekjajfjnmn nd qdbtqrer mwqepdbcmljdk~e wmqm ~ener z dpj~mq fm

bekbdk~qmbjk weafmbjekmf+

Rdfdbbjekmq ewbjekdr ~dbkefijbmr mndbtmnmr+ Dr~e rd ndad m fer wqeafdlmr

}td bqdm fm ~qmkr`dqdkbjm ~dbkefijbm arjbm wmqm df ndrmqqeffe rtr~dk~mafd nd

fer wmrdr dk ndrmqqeffe wdqe }td ~jdkd `tdq~d jlwmb~e reaqd df mlajdk~d+ Dr~e

ndadq dr~jltfmq fm jkpdr~jimbjk z fm bmwmbjnmn ~bkjbm wmqm feiqmq ~dbkefeimr


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rtr~j~t~jpmr ldoeqmq fer wqebdrer ~qmnjbjekmfdr z btf~tqmfdr z mnmw~mq fmr

jlweq~mnmr+

Mwqepdbcmq bekrdqpmq z qdr~mtqmq fer qdbtqrer km~tqmfdr+ Rd ndad dpj~mq fm

ndiqmnmbjk nd fer qdbtqrer wqe~didq fm bmwmbjnmn flj~d nd fm km~tqmfdm

`mpeqdbdq fm qdr~mtqmbjk z dpj~mq fer d`db~er mnpdqrer reaqd fm bmfjnmn ndf mjqd

mitm z ~jdqqm bek df `jk nd wdqwd~tmq fm e`dq~m mlajdk~mf nd fer dberjr~dlmr+

Wqewtdr~mr nd bqdbjljdk~e bdqe z ndrmqqeffe rer~dkjafd

WQEWTDR^MR Bqdbjljdk~e Bdqe Ndrmqqeffe rer~dkjafd

WQDBTQREQDR Bfta nd Qelm EKT

LE^JPMBJK Bqjrjr dbefijbm Bqjrjr dbefijbm

MT^EQDR Bjdk~`jber Wef~jber

^DRJR

Nd~dkdq wqeiqdrjpmldk~d df

bqdbjljdk~e dbekljbe z

ndleiq`jbe

Bqdbjljdk~e mqlkjbe

}td mrditqd df `t~tqe+

Nj`dqdk~dr wdqrwdb~jpmr reaqd df ndrmqqeffe rer~dkjafd?

c~~w?%%yyy+edj+dr%rmfmb~rj%~d`71+c~l

Dbefeim rebjmf? c~~w?%%dr+yjhjwdnjm+eqi%yjhj%Dbefei$B2$MNmUrebjmf

+Ctdffm dbefijbm?c~~w?%%dr+yjhjwdnjm+eqi%yjhj%CtdffmUdbef$B2$A2ijbm

Mt~edlwfde Rer~dkjafd? c~~w?%%yyy+mt~edlwfderer~dkjafd+bel%


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B+ J~jkdqmqjer Jk~diqmner nd Jkrdqbjk Rebjefmaeqmf? èldk~mq fm jk~diqmbjk dk df

ldqbmne fmaeqmf nd wdqrekmr ndrdlwfdmnmr bekbqd~mldk~d m}tdffmr bek drwdbjmf

qjdrie nd dsbftrjk fmaeqmf èldk~mkne m rt pd tkm rdqjd nd rdqpjbjer z

ebtwmbjekdr dkbtmnqmner dk df laj~e nd fer ffmlmner dlwfder nd `t~tqe d

jlwtfrmkne jkjbjm~jpmr idkdqmneqmr nd dlwfde dk df ~dqqj~eqje

Pmk dkbmljkmner m `mbjfj~mq m fer%mr adkd`jbjmqjer%mr ndf wqezdb~e fer wqebdnjljdk~er&

cdqqmljdk~mr& ~bkjbmr& èqlmbjk z dswdqjdkbjm fmaeqmf }td fdr wdqlj~mk tk

mbdqbmljdk~e m fmr rmfjnmr fmaeqmfdr dk rdqpjbjer nd wqesjljnmn z m~dkbjk m

wdqrekmr bek kdbdrjnmndr drwdbjmfdr& mr bek nd fer rdb~eqdr nd fmr ktdpmr

~dbkefeimr& df ldnje mlajdk~d& rdqpjbjer nd btf~tqm z ebje& m~dkbjk mf wafjbe&

dkdqimr qdkepmafdr& d~b+

Dk dr~d rdk~jne ~enmr fmr mb~jpjnmndr jkbftjnmr ndk~qe nd tk j~jkdqmqje nd jkrdqbjk rd

amrmk wqjkbjwmfldk~d dk fm nd~dbbjk nd jk~dqdrdr& mb~j~tndr z mw~j~tndr wqe`drjekmfdr&

njqjijnmr m `mbjfj~mq m dr~mr wdqrekmr rt jk~diqmbjk ndk~qe nd tk wfmk wdqrekmf nd

èqlmbjk z wqb~jbmr fmaeqmfdr dkbmljkmnmr m bekrditjq rt jkrdqbjk fmaeqmf+

Atdkmr Wqmb~jbmr? c~~w?%%bdwmjl+eqi%wqeiqmlm%}td,cmbdler%jk~diqmbjek,rebjefmaeqmf%

Dr}tdlm nd tk j~jkdqmqje nd jkrdqbjk?

Nd~dqljkmbjk ndf eaod~jpe wqe`drjekmf

Nd~dqljkmbjk ndf wdq`jf wqe`drjekmf ndlmknmne

Nd~db~mq werjafdr bmqdkbjmr

Jkjbjmq fm ar}tdnm nd dlwfde

Dk~qdkmljdk~e nd cdqqmljdk~mr

Wqebdre nd ar}tdnm

MBBJEKDR ND EQJDK^MBJEK WQE@DRJEKMF WMQM DF DLWFDE? ^t~eqm Jknjpjntmfjmnm?

Dr tk wqebdre jknjpjntmfjmne neknd ~bkjbe z trtmqje mbtdqnmk fer wmrer m rditjq

wmqm bekrditjq tk ew~jle ndrmqqeffe JWJ

e Eaod~jpe? `mbjfj~mq df ndrmqqeffe nd fer qdbtqrer z belwd~dkbjmr ndf trtmqje }td

fd wdqlj~mk jndk~j`jbmq ewbjekdr dfdijq dk~qd fmr ljrlm ~elmr ndbjrjekdr wmqm

wfmkj`jbmq mb~tmbjekdr z dpmftmq rtr qdrtf~mner nd èqlm mt~kelm+

eDk `tkbjk ndf wdq`jf wqe`drjekmf z qd}tdqjljdk~er ndf ndlmknmk~d nd dlwfde+


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29

Ndrmqqeffe nd fer mrwdb~er wdqrekmfdr wmqm fm ebtwmbjk #NMWE*

Mbbjk befdb~jpm dkbmljkmnm m jkbjnjq reaqd fer mrwdb~er wdqrekmfdr }td `mbjfj~mk

fm wtdr~m dk lmqbcm z lmk~dkjljdk~e nd mb~jpjnmndr dk tk wqebdre nd jkrdqbjk

wqe`drjekmf+e Eaod~jpe? @mbjfj~mq fmr mb~j~tndr werj~jpmr nd jkrdqbjk ldnjmk~d df ndrmqqeffe

nd fer qdbtqrer wdqrekmfdr ndf ndlmknmk~d z mrtljq mt~kelmldk~d df

ndrmqqeffe z motr~d nd rt wqezdb~e wdqrekmf nd jkrdqbjk wqe`drjekmf+

Iqtwe nd Ar}tdnm nd Dlwfde #AMD,I*

Mbbjk befdb~jpm dkbmljkmnm m }td df trtmqje ndrmqqeffd ~bkjbmr z cmajfjnmndr

}td fd `mbjfj~dk fm ar}tdnm mb~jpm nd dlwfde+

e Eaod~jpe? df ndlmknmk~d bekebm fer jkr~qtldk~er z mn}tjdqm fmr cmajfjnmndr

kdbdrmqjmr wmqm atrbmq mb~jpmldk~d dlwfde+

^mffdq nd Dk~qdpjr~m

Mbbjk befdb~jpm wmqm jkbqdldk~mq fer bekebjljdk~er ~dqjber,wqb~jber arjbe z

qdbtqrer wdqrekmfdr nd fer ndlmknmk~dr nd dlwfde wmqm m`qek~mq fm dk~qdpjr~m nd

~qmamoe bek lmr werjajfjnmndr nd sj~e+

e Eaod~jpe? dodqbj~mq nd `eqlm wqmb~jbm weq dk~qdkmljdk~er dk iqtwe fmr

cmajfjnmndr belwd~dkbjmr z dr~qm~dijmr arjbmr dk tkm dk~qdpjr~m nd

rdfdbbjk wmqm tk wtdr~e nd ~qmamoe+

J~jkdqmqjer nd Jkrdqbjk Fmaeqmf

@mrd nd Mbeijnm

e Dk~qdpjr~m nd Mbeijnm

e Dk~qdpjr~m Njmiker~jbe

e Dk~qdpjr~m nd Ndpeftbjk z Belwqeljre

@mrd nd Ndrmqqeffe

e Dk~qdpjr~m nd Rditjljdk~e

e Dk~qdpjr~m nd Lmk~dkjljdk~e dk df Wtdr~e nd ^qmamoe

e Dk~qdpjr~m nd Qdkepmbjk z Belwqeljre

@mrd nd Dpmftmbjk

e Dk~qdpjr~m nd Dpmftmbjk

Df J~jkdqmqje Wdqrekmfjmne nd Jkrdqbjk #JWJ*dr tkwfmk nd ~qmamoe }td& wmre

m wmre& rd nd`jkd z ndrmqqeffm wmqm ldoeqmq fm dlwfdmajfjnmn nd fm wdqrekm


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23

ndrdlwfdmnm jkrbqj~m bele ndlmknmk~d nd dlwfde dk df Rdqpjbje Mknmft nd

Dlwfde+

M ~qmpr nd fer JWJ fmr wdqrekmr bekebdk ~ener fer wqebdnjljdk~er njrwekjafdr wmqm

mbbdndq m fer wqeiqmlmr nd jkrdqbjk dsjr~jdkne fm werjajfjnmn nd rdq jk~diqmnm dk

btmf}tjdq mb~jpjnmn }td rd bekrjndqd eweq~tkm+

Dk rtbdrjper dkbtdk~qer df eqjdk~mneq z fm wdqrekm dk atrbm nd dlwfde njrdmk tk

nebtldk~e dk df }td rd qdbeidk ~enmr m}tdffmr mb~tmbjekdr }td rd cmk bekrjndqmne

lr bekpdkjdk~dr wmqm fm bekrdbtbjk nd rt eaod~jpe wqe`drjekmf nd`jkjnmr ndrnd fmr

wqewjmr bjqbtkr~mkbjmr wdqrekmfdr z bek~ds~e ideiq`jbe+

Fer JWJ wtdndk belajkmq njpdqrer ~jwer nd mbbjekdr? jkèqlmbjk eqjdk~mbjk

mrdreqmljdk~e wqdèqlmbjk mr bele e~qmr ldnjnmr }td bekntbmk m fm jkrdqbjk

fmaeqmf+ Fmr ndbjrjekdr rd ~elmk bekrdkrtmnmldk~d dk~qd fm wdqrekm ndlmknmk~d nd

dlwfde z fm wdqrekm qdrwekrmafd nd rt j~jkdqmqje8 dr r~m f~jlm fm dkbmqimnm nd

wekdq ~ener fer qdbtqrer m rt mfbmkbd wmqm }td ea~dkim df eaod~jpe wqe`drjekmf

lmqbmne+

Bek dr~d ktdpe dkè}td rd wqewjbjm mndlr fm befmaeqmbjk z beeqnjkmbjk dk~qd fer

wqe`drjekmfdr nd fm qdn zm }td dk df ndrmqqeffe nd tk J~jkdqmqje wtdnd jk~dqpdkjq lr

nd tk wqe`drjekmf m ~qmpr nd wqebdrer nd ndqjpmbjk e ~qmrfmner+

Df ndrmqqeffe nd fer j~jkdqmqjer dr !fm wtdq~m nd dk~qmnm! m ~enmr fmr wef~jbmr

mb~jpmr nd dlwfde nd Mknmftbm+ Fer JWJ ke rek tk bekbdw~e ld~enefijbe rjke

}td rek df lmqbe nd wqebdnjljdk~e nd fmr wef~jbmr mb~jpmr nd dlwfde+


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2:

@tdk~d?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%dlwfde%qdpjr~mdlwfde%qdpjr~m%Qdpjr~mDlwfde%Weq~mf%Qdpjr~mDlwfde%Q

dpjr~mU77=7%Eardqpm~eqje%Bek~dkjne%mrdreqmljdk~eUwdqrekmfjmne+c~lf

Fmr wef~jbmr mb~jpmr nd dlwfde kmbdk dk bek~qmwerjbjk m fmr ldnjnmr amrmnmr dk

df wmie nd wqdr~mbjekdr mrjr~dkbjmfdr nd aefrmr dr~qtb~tqmfdr nd ndrdlwfde èqlmnmr

weq befdb~jper bek nj`jbtf~mndr rebjmfdr btf~tqmfdr èqlm~jpmr z dbekljbmr }td fdr

jlwdnmk e nj`jbtf~mamk nd èqlm iqmpd df mbbdre mf ldqbmne nd ~qmamoe+

Dr df bekotk~e nd wqeiqmlmr z ldnjnmr nd eqjdk~mbjk dlwfde z èqlmbjkffdpmnmr m bmae weq fm Mnljkjr~qmbjk bdk~qmf z fmr Beltkjnmndr Mt~kelmr }td

~jdkdk weq eaod~e ldoeqmq fmr werjajfjnmndr nd mbbdre mf dlwfde nd fer

ndrdlwfdmner dk df ldqbmne nd ~qmamoe weq btdk~m wqewjm e modkm z fm

mnmw~mbjk nd fm èqlmbjk z qdbmfj`jbmbjk wmqm df dlwfde nd fer ~qmamomneqdr

mr bele e~qmr ndr~jkmnmr m èldk~mq df drwqj~t dlwqdrmqjmf z fm Dbekelm

Rebjmf+

@tdk~d?c~~w?%%yyy+drjkèqlm+dr%jknds+wcw%ewjkjek%1=4=,wefj~jbmr,mb~jpmr,nd,dlwfde,z,dbekeljm,

rebjmf+c~lf


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>=


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>1

J~jkdqmqjer @eqlm~jper nd Jkrdqbjk Rebje fmaeqmf?

N+ ]t Rdqpjbjer E`qdbd Fm E`jbjkm Nd Dlwfde M Fmr Wdqrekmr Ndlmknmk~dr5

=+ Jkrbqjwbjk belwfd~m nd fm ndlmknm ldnjmk~d dk~qdpjr~mr dk wqe`tknjnmn+

1+ Mb~tmfjmbjk nd ~ener fer nm~er nd fm ndlmknm+

2+ Mrdreqmljdk~e dk fm nd`jkjbjk ndf wdq`jf wqe`drjekmf+ Wmqm jndk~j`jbmq fmr

ebtwmbjekdr lr mndbtmnmr m fmr bmqmb~dqr~jbmr nd fm ndlmknm+

>+ Idr~jk ndf J~jkdqmqje Wdqrekmfjmne nd Jkrdqbjk z%e mrdreqmljdk~e wmqm df

ljrle+

4+ Mrdreqmljdk~e reaqd e~qer rdqpjbjer nd fer }td df Rdqpjbje Mknmft nd Dlwfdenjrwekd bele rek?

Eqjdk~mbjk Wqe`drjekmf+

@eqlmbjk Wqe`drjekmf Ebtwmbjekmf+

Wqeiqmlmr nd @eqlmbjk z Dlwfde+

Drbtdfmr ~mffdq+

Bmrmr nd E`jbje+

^mffdqdr nd dlwfde+


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>2

Mt~edlwfde+

Z e~qer wqeiqmlmr nd mweze m fm jkrdqbjk fmaeqmf+

0+ Jkèqlmbjk wdqrekmfjmnm qdfm~jpm m fm ndlmknm nd dlwfde m ~qmpr nd fer

ldnjer nd beltkjbmbjk }td cmzm drwdbj`jbmne? beqqde wer~mf d,lmjf RLR

`ms ~dfèke e wqdrdkbjmfldk~d+

9+ Jkèqlmbjk qdfm~jpm m fer wfmkdr drwdbjmfdr

Wqeiqmlm nd ^qmkrjbjk mf Dlwfde nd fm Otk~m nd Mknmftbm #Wqe~dom*

Ldnjnmr Ds~qmeqnjkmqjmr wmqm fm Ldoeqm nd fm Dlwfdmajfjnmn nd fmr wdqrekmr

Ndlmknmk~dr nd Dlwfde

NDLMKNMK^DR

Fm ndlmknm nd dlwfde dr fm refjbj~tn nd tk wtdr~e nd ~qmamoe }td qdmfjm tkm wdqrekm

ndrdlwfdmnm e ~qmamomneqm mk~d tkm E`jbjkm nd Dlwfde e tk Rdqpjbje Dtqewde nd

Dlwfde+

Fer rdqpjbjer }td rd wtdndk refjbj~mq ndrnd tkm E`jbjkm ndf Rdqpjbje Mknmft nd

Dlwfde rek dk~qd e~qer?

Eqjdk~mbjk d Jkrdqbjk+

@eqlmbjk Wqe`drjekmf Ebtwmbjekmf+

Mbbjekdr nd Dlwfde z @eqlmbjk+

@eldk~e ndf Dlwfde+

Mt~edlwfde+

Jk~dqldnjmbjk Fmaeqmf+

Qdbekebjljdk~e nd Btmfj`jbmbjekdr+

Wqerwdbbjk Jkpdr~jimbjk Dr~tnjer Nj`trjk z Dr~mnr~jbmr+

Wqeiqmlmr Beltkj~mqjer+

Mweze mf Ndrmqqeffe Febmf+

Rj rfe rd refjbj~m df mbbdre m e~qer rdqpjbjer bele èqlmbjk eqjdk~mbjk fm

jkrbqjwbjk rdq bele ndlmknmk~d nd rdqpjbjer wqdpjer mf dlwfde+

Wqeiqmlm Mknmftbm Eqjdk~m?

Dr fm qdn nd tkjnmndr nd Eqjdk~mbjk ndf Rdqpjbje Mknmft nd dlwfde nd fm Otk~m

nd Mknmftbm wtdr~m dk lmqbcm bek fm wmq~jbjwmbjk nd fmr Njqdbbjekdr

Wqepjkbjmfdr+


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>>

^jdkd bele eaod~jpe mwezmq m fm weafmbjk mb~jpm mknmftm wmqm rt jkrdqbjk dk df

Ldqbmne Fmaeqmf mrdreqknefm dk fm ar}tdnm nd dlwfde+

Njqjijne M fmr wdqrekmr ndlmknmk~dr nd dlwfde jkrbqj~mr bele ~mfdr dk df

Rdqpjbje Mknmft nd Dlwfde+ Z drwdbjmfldk~d?

Wdqrekmr bek Njrbmwmbjnmn+

Dr~tnjmk~dr Tkjpdqrj~mqjer z qdbjk ~j~tfmner+

Ltodqdr+

Opdkdr+

Wdqrekmr ndrdlwfdmnmr bek drwdbjmfdr nj`jbtf~mndr wmqm fm jkrdqbjk+

Rdqpjbjer?

J~jkdqmqjer Wdqrekmfjmner wmqm fm Jkrdqbjk+

Jk`eqlmbjk reaqd df ldqbmne nd ~qmamoe+

Mrdreqmljdk~e reaqd ^bkjbmr nd ar}tdnm nd dlwfde+

Eqjdk~mbjk pebmbjekmf+

Mrdreqmljdk~e wmqm df mt~ebekebjljdk~e z werjbjekmljdk~e wmqm df ldqbmne

nd ~qmamoe+

Mbelwmmljdk~e dk fm ar}tdnm nd dlwfde+

Mrdreqmljdk~e wmqm df mt~edlwfde+

Mt~eeqjdk~mbjk

Dr~mr mb~tmbjekdr rd qdmfjmk jknjpjntmfldk~d e m kjpdf iqtwmf ~dkjdkne dk

btdk~m df wdq`jf nd fm wdqrekm trtmqjm rtr kdbdrjnmndr z fm btmfjnmn nd fm wdqrekm m

~qm~mq+

]t rek fer Bdk~qer nd Qd`dqdkbjm nd Eqjdk~mbjk5

Dr tk Bdk~qe nd Rdqpjbjer wmqm df Dlwfde jk~diqmne ndk~qe nd fm qdn !Mknmftbm

Eqjdk~m! z njqjijne m ndlmknmk~dr nd dlwfde m wqe`drjekmfdr z rdqpjbjer nd

eqjdk~mbjk+

Btlwfdk tkm neafd `tkbjk?

Beeqnjkmbjk nd fer Rdqpjbjer nd Eqjdk~mbjk+

Rdqpjq nd qd`dqdkbjm z lendfe wmqm fm eqjdk~mbjk nd fer ndlmknmk~dr nd

dlwfde+

Pjrj~m pjq~tmf m mfik Bdk~qe nd Qd`dqdkbjm nd Mknmftbm wjkbcd m}t


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>4

Dkfmbdr ndr~mbmner

Njqdb~eqje nd tkjnmndr nd eqjdk~mbjk #lmwm nd qdbtqrer*

Bekrtf~mr

Qdbtqrer wmqm dkbek~qmq dlwfde

Wqe`tknjm?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%jk~dqldn

jmbjek%jkèqlmbjekNdlmknm%

@eqltfmqje nd E`dq~mr nd Dlwfde?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%jk~dqldn

jmbjek%èqltfmqjeE`dq~mr%

D+ WEF^JBMR MB^JPMR ND DLWFDE #Otk~m nd Mknmftbm*

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%wqeiqml

mrRMD%

D+=+ WQEIQMLMR ND @EQLMBJK?

=* @+W+D+? dr tk bekotk~e nd mbbjekdr }td ~jdkd bele eaod~e jlwtfrmq z ds~dkndq

dk~qd fmr dlwqdrmr z fer ~qmamomneqdr ebtwmner z ndrdlwfdmner tkm èqlmbjk

}td qdrweknm m rtr kdbdrjnmndr `mpeqdbjdkne df mwqdknjmod wdqlmkdk~d dk tk

ldqbmne nd ~qmamoe amrmne dk df bekebjljdk~e+

Jk~diqm ~mk~e fm @eqlmbjk Wqe`drjekmf Ebtwmbjekmf bele fm @eqlmbjk

Bek~jktm bek~qjatzdkne m fm ldoeqm nd fm belwd~j~jpjnmn z nd fm

wqentb~jpjnmn nd fmr dlwqdrmr m fm pd }td ldoeqm fm dlwfdmajfjnmn nd fer

~qmamomneqdr drwdbjmfldk~d nd m}tdffer befdb~jper }td ~jdkdk lmzeqdr

nj`jbtf~mndr nd mbbdre mf ldqbmne fmaeqmf e nd lmk~dkjljdk~e dk f+

e`dq~mr nd eqlmbjk?

@eqlmbjk wmqm ~qmamomneqdr ndrdlwfdmner

@eqlmbjk wmqm ~qmamomneqdr ebtwmner

@eqlmbjk m njr~mkbjm+ Bekpebm~eqjm Rebjdnmn ndf Bekebjljdk~e? ~mk~e

~qmamomneqdr ebtwmner bele ndrdlwfdmner

@eqlmbjk wmqm ~qmamomneqdr mt~keler


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>0

Adbmr z Mztnmr

Mndlr nd dr~m e`dq~m èqlm~jpm ndrnd fm Bekrdodqm nd Dlwfde rd `mbjfj~m m fer

mftlker df mbbdre m fm èqlmbjk ldnjmk~d adbmr z mztnmr dk bekbdw~e nd

~qmkrweq~d lmkt~dkbjk mfeomljdk~e z btjnmne nd cjoer e tkm adbm weq mrjr~dkbjm

dk df bmre nd fmr wdqrekmr bek njrbmwmbjnmn+

Adkd`jbjmqjer? Df qd}tjrj~e idkdqmf wmqm mbbdndq m dr~mr mztnmr dr }td fm oeqkmnm

fdb~jpm ndf btqre ke rdm jk`dqjeq m > ceqmr njmqjmr+

Wqe`tknjm?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%wqeiqm

lmrRMD%wqeiqmlm@eqlmbjek%èqlmbjekWqe`drjekmfDlwfde%

1* @eqlmbjk Bek~jktm?Fm èqlmbjk nd fer ~qmamomneqdr dr tkm nd fm cdqqmljdk~mr lr rfjnmr wmqm

èldk~mq df bqdbjljdk~e dbekljbe ldoeqmq df ajdkdr~mq befdb~jpe d jlwtfrmq fm

becdrjk rebjmf nd ktdr~qm Beltkjnmn+ Fmr dlwqdrmr bmnm pd lr dr~k

jkbeqweqmkne fm èqlmbjk wdqlmkdk~d m rt dr~qm~dijm nd kdiebje z bekrjndqmk }td

df bmwj~mf ctlmke dr rt wqjkbjwmf mb~jpe jlwqdrbjknjafd wmqm belwd~jq bek sj~e

dk fer ldqbmner ifeamfjmner+

Wqe`tknjm?c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%wqeiqmlmrRMD%wqeiqmlm@eqlmbjek% eqlmbjekBek~jktm%

2* Bekreqbjer Drbtdfmr nd @eqlmbjk wmqm df Dlwfde?

Rek Bdk~qer nd @eqlmbjk wmqm df Dlwfde dr~k mf~mldk~d drwdbjmfjmner z

eqjdk~mner mf ndrmqqeffe nd tk rdb~eq nd fm mb~jpjnmn dbekljbm rjkitfmqldk~d

qdfdpmk~d dk df dk~eqke ideiq`jbe dk df }td rd tajbmk drwdbjmfjknerd weq tk

fmne dk fer rdb~eqdr wqentb~jper bek lmzeq wdre dk Mknmftbm cer~dfdqm z

~tqjrle lqlef lmndqm oezdqm mq~drmkm e refnmntqm, z weq e~qe dk rdb~eqdr

dldqidk~dr qdfmbjekmner bek fer ktdper zmbjljdk~er nd dlwfde bele fm

qdcmajfj~mbjk ndf Wm~qjlekje Cjr~qjbe fmr Ktdpmr ^dbkefeimr nd fm Jkèqlmbjk z

fm Beltkjbmbjk e df Ldnjemlajdk~d z df Ndrmqqeffe Rer~dkjafd+ Mndlr nd rt

wqjkbjwmf mb~jpjnmn nd èqlmbjk m opdkdr ndrdlwfdmner rd ndr~mbm bele

jkr~qtldk~er nd befmaeqmbjk bek fmr dlwqdrmr z nd njkmljmbjk nd fer rdb~eqdr

wqentb~jper febmfdr& ndrmqqeffmkne mr ljrle tkm jlweq~mk~d fmaeq nd

qdbtmfj`jbmbjk& mb~tmfjmbjk z mnmw~mbjk nd fer qdbtqrer ctlmker+


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>9

Dr~k dk wqebdre nd qdpjrjk wmqm mndbtmqfer m fer bek~dkjner nd fer Bdq~j`jbmner

nd Wqe`drjekmfjnmn #>>* wtafjbmner dk fmr njr~jk~mr `mljfjmr wqe`drjekmfdr dk fmr

}td dr~k drwdbjmfjmner

Wqe`tknjm?


mrRMD%wqeiqmlm@eqlmbjek%bekreqbjeDrbtdfm@eqlmbjek%

D+1+ WQEIQMLMR ND EQJDK^MBJEK D JKRDQBBJEK?

=* Wqeiqmlm nd Mbelwmmljdk~e?

^jdkd bele eaod~jpe wqelepdq fm jkrdqbjk fmaeqmf wmqm fmr wdqrekmr

ndrdlwfdmnmr }td kdbdrj~dk mweze mrdreqmljdk~e ~t~eqm z%e rditjljdk~e?

Dk dfwqebdre wqdpje nd mbbdre mf ldqbmne fmaeqmf? mweze wqdpje m fm jkrdqbjk+Dk fmr d~mwmr jkjbjmfdr #wqjldqer 0 ldrdr* nd jkbeqweqmbjk mf wtdr~e nd ~qmamoe?

mweze jk~diqmf m fm jkrdqbjk+

Wdqrekmr ndrdlwfdmnmr }td dr~k qdmfjmkne tk J~jkdqmqje Wdqrekmfjmne nd

Jkrdqbjk z }td wdq~dkdbmk m tke nd fer rjitjdk~dr befdb~jper?

Wdqrekmr }td rtwdqdk tk wdqjene nd mk~jidnmn dk fm ndlmknm nd dlwfde

nd =1 ldrdr+

Wdqrekmr bek njrbmwmbjnmn+Rdqpjbjer?

Mweze mrdreqmljdk~e z ~t~eqm dk df wqebdre nd fm ar}tdnm nd dlwfde m ~qmpr nd

mbbjekdr nd eqjdk~mbjk fmaeqmf wdqrekmfjmnmr?

Am~dqm nd dk~qdpjr~mr+

Ndrmqqeffe nd fmr belwd~dkbjmr wdqrekmfdr+

Njrde jknjpjntmfjmne ndf eaod~jpe wqe`drjekmf nd bmnm adkd`jbjmqje dk

befmaeqmbjk bek fm wdqrekm ndlmknmk~d+ Mweze wmqm df bekebjljdk~e z mbbdre mf ldqbmne nd ~qmamoe+

Mndlr dk df bmre nd wdqrekmr bek njrbmwmbjnmn?

Mweze mrdreqmljdk~e ~t~eqm z rditjljdk~e wdqrekmfjmne dk fm d~mwm jkjbjmf nd

jkbeqweqmbjk mf wtdr~e nd ~qmamoe rjdlwqd }td dr~m ke dsbdnm nd 0 ldrdr+

@tdk~d?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jk`eqlmbjek%wqeiqmlm

rRMD%wqeiqmlmEqjdk~mbjekJkrdqbbjek%wqeiqmlmrMbelwmkzm%


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>3

1*Dswdqjdkbjmr Wqe`drjekmfdr wmqm df Dlwfde?

^jdkd weq eaod~e wqelepdq fm jkrdqbjk nd fmr wdqrekmr ndrdlwfdmnmr e`qdbjknefdr

dswdqjdkbjmr wqe`drjekmfdr wmqm df dlwfde bek ~t~eqmr }td fdr mbdq}tdk mf ltkne

fmaeqmf wqeweqbjekknefdr df bekebjljdk~e nd fer caj~er wqb~jbmr z pmfeqdr wqewjer

nd fer dk~eqker fmaeqmfdr m fer }td fm wdqrekm ndlmknmk~d mrwjqm+

qd}tjrj~er?

Njrwekdq nd tkm ~j~tfmbjk tkjpdqrj~mqjm nd `eqlmbjk wqe`drjekmf qdifmnm e

bdq~j`jbmbjk nd @eqlmbjk Wqe`drjekmf Ebtwmbjekmf+

]td ke cmzmk ~qmkrbtqqjne lr nd ner mer ndrnd fm ea~dkbjk nd njbcm ~j~tfmbjk

e bdq~j`jbmbjk+

Bmqdbdq nd dswdqjdkbjm wqe`drjekmf qdfmbjekmnm bek njbcm btmfj`jbmbjk+

Mndlr wenqk rdq adkd`jbjmqjmr fmr wdqrekmr ndlmknmk~dr nd wqjldq dlwfde

}td wdq~dkdbmk m mfitke nd fer rjitjdk~dr befdb~jper ke rjknefdr mwfjbmafd

fer qd}tjrj~er ndf mk~dqjeq wtk~e?

Wdqrekmr bek njrbmwmbjnmn+

Ljkeqmr ~kjbmr+

Ndlmknmk~dr nd dlwfde dk qjdrie nd dsbftrjk+

Rek mbbjekdr }td rd ndrmqqeffmqk dk bdk~qer nd ~qmamoe wmqm `mpeqdbdq fm

jk~diqmbjk nd fmr wdqrekmr ndr~jkm~mqjmr dk fm dr~qtb~tqm nd tkm nd~dqljkmnm

eqimkjmbjk+ Dffe fdr wdqlj~jq bekebdq fmr keqlmr z fer pmfeqdr nd fm ljrlm mr

bele df bekebjljdk~e ndf bek~ds~e dk }td rd ndrmqqeffm rt ebtwmbjk z tk

mbdqbmljdk~e m fm btf~tqm ndf ltkne fmaeqmf+ Ke jlwfjbmq qdfmbjk fmaeqmf qdrwdb~e

m fmr wdqrekmr ndr~jkm~mqjmr nd fmr mbbjekdr+

@tdk~d?


mrRMD%wqeiqmlmEqjdk~mbjekJkrdqbbjek%dswdqjdkbjmrWqe`drjekmfdr%

2*Mbbjekdr Dswdqjldk~mfdr?

^jdkd bele eaod~jpedf ndrmqqeffe nd wfmkdr jk~diqmfdr wmqm fm jkrdqbjk fmaeqmf

Jkrdqbjk nd mf ldker 24$ nd fer wmq~jbjwmk~dr+ Rd qdntbd mf 27$ btmkne fmr

wdqrekmr wmq~jbjwmk~dr cmzmk rjne mnlj~jnmr dk df wqeiqmlm nd Qdk~m Mb~jpm nd

Jkrdqbjk+


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47

Wqe`tknjm?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%wqei

qmlmrRMD%wqeiqmlm@eldk~eDlwfde% eldk~eDlwfdmajfjnmn%

1* Drbtdfmr ^mffdq Bmrmr nd E`jbje ^mffdqdr nd Dlwfde z Tkjnmndr ndWqelebjk z Ndrmqqeffe #D^%BE%^D*?

Ndrmqqeffmk wqezdb~er nd bmqb~dq ~dlweqmf amrmner dk fm mf~dqkmkbjm dk~qd

èqlmbjk z ~qmamoe }td wdqlj~dk fm wqe`drjekmfjmbjk nd fer wmq~jbjwmk~dr

bek wqd`dqdkbjm wmqm fer befdb~jper }td wqdrdk~mk drwdbjmfdr nj`jbtf~mndr nd

jkrdqbjk fmaeqmf #wqjkbjwmfldk~d opdkdr wmqmner nd fmqim ntqmbjk ltodqdr

wdqrekmr bek njrbmwmbjnmn d~b*+ Weq rt wmq~d fmr Tkjnmndr nd Wqelebjk z

Ndrmqqeffe befmaeqmk dk fm wqdwmqmbjk& rditjljdk~e z dpmftmbjk nd fmr

mb~jpjnmndr ffdpmnmr m bmae weq dr~er wqeiqmlmr+

Wqe`tknjm?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%wqeiq

mlmrRMD%wqeiqmlm@eldk~eDlwfde%DÛBEU^D%

2* Bdk~qer Drwdbjmfdr nd Dlwfde?

Weq dr~mafdbjljdk~e nd ldnjnmr km~jpmr nd bmqb~dq dsbdwbjekmf mf btlwfjljdk~e

nd fm bte~m nd qdrdqpm ndf 1$ m `mpeq nd ~qmamomneqdr njrbmwmbj~mner dk

dlwqdrmr nd bjkbtdk~m e lr ~qmamomneqdr

Rd ndrmqqeffmk mb~jpjnmndr m tker kjpdfdr nd d`jbjdkbjm z bmfjnmn d}tjwmqmafdr m

btmf}tjdq dlwqdrm }td belwj~d dk df ldqbmne rjk wdqndq weq dffe df belwekdk~d

rebjmf z nd jk~diqmbjk nd wdqrekmr bek njrbmwmbjnmn }td fe bmqmb~dqjm+

Wqe`tknjm?

c~~w?%%yyy+otk~mndmknmftbjm+dr%rdqpjbjemknmftnddlwfde%yda%ydarmd%weq~mf%dr%jkèqlmbjek%wqei

qmlmrRMD%wqeiqmlm@eldk~eDlwfde%bdk~qerDrwdbjmfdr%

>* Wqezdb~er nd Jk~dqr Idkdqmf z Rebjmf?

@jkmkbjmq fer ber~dr rmfmqjmfdr nd fmr wdqrekmr ndr

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