Guia Cruceromania de San Petersburgo (Rusia)

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BXKNZ CH HZJNLNZ

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG%YXZKN+

JNYMHO JYHMHY



KOSYGCXJJKÚO

Zno Qhshyzixybg %ho yxzg6 Юбнжщ-Зищисо̎ъск, Zno`s Qhshyixyb , ogmiyh ch gykbho eglnocëz6 )Jnzskllg

%dgysnlhvn+ ch Zno Qhcyg)+, jkxcnc zksxncn ho hl ogyghzsh ch ln Yxzkn hxygqhn, ho hl Bgldg ch Dkolnockn,llnmncn Qhsygbyncg chzch >;>3 enzsn >;93 { Lhokobyncg hosyh >;93 { >;;>/ Dxh dxocncn qgy Qhcyg hlBynoch ho >21: jgo hl qygqúzksg ch chzlgjnlkvny ln jnqksnl, { ch ehjeg dxh jnqksnl ch Yxzkn ch >2>9 n>;>5/ Ln jkxcnc dxh hl hzjhonykg qykojkqnl ch lnz yhtglxjkgohz ch >;18 { ch >;>2 %ln yhtglxjkúoigljehtk~xh+/

Zxz )ogjehz ilnojnz) zgo dnmgznz6 ho hl mhz ch Fxokg hl cín cxyn xonz >; egynz, qgy lg ~xh ln ogjehhz jgmg xo lhth jyhqözjxlg/ Zh synsn ch ln byno jkxcnc mîz jhyjnon nl Qglg Ogysh %zh hojxhosyn n lnmkzmn lnsksxc ~xh Nlnz`n+/

Zno Qhshyzixybg hz ln öokjn mhbîqglkz ho hl mxocg ~xh dxhkojlxkcg ho ln lkzsn ch ln XOHZJG jgmg ehyhojkn jxlsxynl chlmxocg, jgmg mgoxmhosg ch ln ny~xkshjsxyn { ch ln jxlsxyn/

Lnz jxlsxynz ch Hxygqn { chl mxocg zh yhdlhfno ho zxz mîz ch3/111 mgoxmhosgz, ho 981 mxzhgz, 81 shnsygz, 51 bnlhyínz chnysh/ Zno Qhshyzixybg hz ln zhbxocn jkxcnc mîz bynoch chlqníz, jgo jnzk 5 mkllgohz ch eniksnoshz %Mgzjö, ln jnqksnl chYxzkn, skhoh >> mkllgohz ch eniksnoshz+/

EKZSGYKN

Zno Qhshyzixybg dxh ho zx cín xon dgysnlhvn zxhjn ~xh jgosyglnin lnz qygukmkcnchz chl yíg Ohtn/ Ho>21: Qhcyg K zh nqgchyú ch hzsn vgon { hckdkjú lnz dgysnlhvnz ch Zno Qhcyg { Zno Qnilg, { @ygozsncs/Gychoú snmikëo ln jgozsyxjjkúo ch xon oxhtn jkxcnc, ~xh llnmú Zno Qhshyzixybg ho egogy ch zx znosgqnsyúo/ ^xkzg ~xh ln jkxcnc zh gjjkchosnlkvnyn, enzsn hl qxosg ch jgozkchynyln )xon thosnon n Hxygqn)/Ho >2>: ln dnmklkn yhnl hzsnilhjkú n~xí zx yhzkchojkn, qgy lg ~xh ln jnqksnl ch Yxzkn chfú ch zhy Mgzjöqnyn qnzny n zhy Zno Qhshyzixybg/ Mîz snych, {n ho hl zkblg UTKKK, ln qgilnjkúo jyhjkú ch dgymnjgozkchynilh, { ln jkxcnc zh jgotkyskú ho xog ch lgz jhosygz jxlsxynlhz ch ln Hxygqn gykhosnl/ Cxynosh hlyhkoncg chl hmqhyncgy Nlhfnocyg K zh qygjhckú nl cyhonfh ch lgz qnosnogz, lg ~xh qhymkskú ckzqgohy chmn{gy shyyhog qnyn zx xyinokvnjkúo, jgo lg ~xh ln qgilnjkúo nljnovú hl cgilh ch eniksnoshz/ Hlchznyygllg ch kozsnlnjkgohz qgysxnyknz ho hl zkblg UKU chyktú ho hl chznyygllg kocxzsyknl ch ln jkxcnc/

Ln zksxnjkúo ch qgiyhvn ch lgz syninfncgyhz, ho jgosynzsh jgo hl lxfg chl ~xh enjín nlnych ln jgysh yxzn,dxh ln qykmhyn jnxzn ch lgz ckzsxyikgz yhtglxjkgonykgz/ Hl qykmhyg, hl nlvnmkhosg chjhmiykzsn, sxtg lxbny ho >598, ho >;18 xon qygshzsn qgqxlny dxh cxynmhosh yhqykmkcn dyhosh nl Qnlnjkg ch Kotkhyog, lg ~xhgilkbú nl vny Okjglîz KK n kozsnxyny ln Cxmn %qnylnmhosg+/ Ln Yhtglxjkúo ch >;>2 hzsnllú jgo xonlvnmkhosg ho ln dgysnlhvn ch @ygozsncs, ~xh bxnycnin hl qxhysg, lg ~xh qhymkskú hl sykxodg igljehtk~xhho gjsxiyh ch hzh mkzmg nþg/

Ho >;>3 hl hmqhyncgy Okjglîz KK jnmikú ln chogmkonjkúonlhmnon ch Zno Qhshyzixybg qgy ln chogmkonjkúo yxznQhsygbyncg, chzqxëz ch ~xh zh chjlnynyn ln bxhyyn nNlhmnokn/ Ho >;>5 zh synzlncú ln jnqksnl yxzn ch Qhsygbyncg nMgzjö/ Synz ln mxhysh ch Lhoko ho >;93, { ho zx egogy,Qhsygbyncg yhjkikú hl ogmiyh ch Lhokobyncg/ Chzqxëz ch ln KBxhyyn Mxocknl { jgo ln qëyckcn ch lnz qygtkojknz yxznz chlIîlskjg, nxmhosú ln kmqgysnojkn ch Lhokobyncg, jgotkyskëocgzhho hl öokjg qxhysg zgtkëskjg qyúukmg n ln Hxygqn gjjkchosnl/ Holn KK Bxhyyn Mxocknl, ln jkxcnc dxh hl mnyjg ch jyxhosnzinsnllnz cxynosh hl nzhckg llhtncg n jnig qgy lnz dxhyvnz

nlhmnonz chzch dkonlhz ch >;3> n hohyg ch >;330 nlyhchcgy ch >/981/111 qhyzgonz mxykhygo ho hzsninsnlln, { mîz ch >1/111 hckdkjkgz ~xhcnygo sgsnl g qnyjknlmhosh chzsyxkcgz/ Xon thv yhjgozsyxkcn { synzhl exockmkhosg ch ln Xokúo ch Yhqöilkjnz Zgjknlkzsnz Zgtkëskjnz %XYZZ+, ln jkxcnc yhjxqhyú hl noskbxgogmiyh ch Zno Qhshyzixybg ho >;;>/

Qîbkon 9

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG



Ckhv mgsktgz qnyn tkzksny ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG

>- Ln Dgysnlhvn ch Zno Qhcyg { Zno Qnilg hz hl hckdkjkg mîz noskbxg ch ln jkxcnc, ln nbxfn ch zx sgyyhhz hl zímiglg ch ln jkxcnc/

9- Ln jnshcynl ch Zno Kznnj skhoh xon ch lnz mn{gyhz jöqxlnz chl mxocg { xon ehymgzn chjgynjkúokoshykgy/

:- Hl Jhosyg ekzsúykjg ch ln jkxcnc jgo zx ehymgzn { hlhbnosh ny~xkshjsxyn dgymn xo jgofxosg ch ihllhvnkojgmqnynilh/

3- Hl Ehymksnbh hz xog ch lgz bynochz mxzhgz ch qkosxyn chl mxocg/ Skhoh mîz ch : mkllgohz ch giynz{ hl hckdkjkg ho zí hz kmqyhzkgonosh/

8- Qntlgtz` xo hzqhjsnjxlny qny~xh ~xh njgbh qnlnjkgz ch lgz zkblgz UTKKK { UKU xzncgz jgmgyhzkchojkn qgy tnykgz vnyhz/

4- Qxze`ko hz xo qnlnjkg ch hlhbnosh { zxosxgzn chjgynjkúo jgozsyxkcg qgy Qhcyg hl Bynoch ho egogy ch ln vnykon Jnshykon K/

2- Qhshyegd, xo hzqhjsnjxlny qnlnjkg ~xh yktnlkvn jgo Thyznllhz, hyn ln yhzkchojkn ch thynog ch lgz Vnyhzch Yxzkn/

5- Lgz Jnonlhz zhyqhoshno hosyh lgz hckdkjkgz ekzsúykjgz ch ln jkxcnc/ Xo yhjgyykcg ho inyjg hz xon bynohuqhykhojkn/

;- Qny~xhz { Qnlnjkgz nixocno qgy sgcgz lncgz ho Zno Qhshyzixybg { zh tno chzjxiykhocg nl qnzhny qgy ln jkxcnc/

>1- Ln Jxlsxyn hzsî qyhzhosh ho sgcn ln jkxcnc, hzqhjknlmhosh ho zxz shnsygz, úqhynz { inllhsz, n jx{nzyhqyhzhosnjkgohz en{ ~xh nzkzsky/

Hckdkjkg chl Nlmkynosnvbg { ln dgysnlhvn ch Zno Qhcyg { Zno Qnilg

Hz hl nxshoskjg oöjlhg ch ln jkxcnc noskbxn hckdkjncg ho >21:,dxh ln qykmhyn hckdkjnjkúo ~xh mnocú jgozsyxky Qhcyg hlBynoch zgiyh xon qh~xhþn kzln qnosnogzn zksxncn hosyh hlByno Ohtn { hl jnonl ch @ygothy`/

Ln dgysnlhvn, ~xh negyn hz ln dgyskdkjnjkúo mklksny chl zkblg UTKKKmhfgy jgozhytncn ch Hxygqn, dxh qyg{hjsncn jgmg chdhozn chln znlkcn nl Iîlskjg/ Jxnocg {n qhyckú zx kmqgysnojkn mklksny, zh

jgotkyskú ho jîyjhl, ho ln ~xh dxhygo hojhyyncgz tnykgzjgozqkyncgyhz qglískjgz, jgmg lgz chjhmiykzsnz, hl ehymnogmn{gy ch Lhoko, Nlhfnocyg, ~xh eniín nshosncg jgosyn ln tkcnchl vny Nlhfnocyg KKK, hl hzjyksgy Bgy`k, lgz mkokzsygz chlbgikhyog qygtkzkgonl ixybxëz/

Ho ln dgysnlhvn zh hojxhosyn ln Jnshcynl ch Zno Qhcyg { ZnoQnilg, %hckdkjncn hosyh >2>9 { >2::+ ln mîz noskbxn ch ln

jkxcnc, cgoch hzsî hlQnoshúo ch lgz vnyhz { lnzsxminz cgoch hzsîohoshyyncgz lgz yhzsgz ch lnd n m k l k n c h l ö l s k m g

hmqhyncgy yxzg Okjglîz KK dxzklncn ho >;>5 ho Zkihykn/Ln tkzksn qxhch llhtny xon egyn { mhckn, nikhysg chzch lnz >1611enzsn lnz >5611/ Jhyyncg lgz mkëyjglhz/

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG

Qîbkon :



Jnshcynl ch Zno Kznnj

Giyn chl ny~xkshjsg dynojëz Nxbxzsg Mgodhyynoc, lnmîz zxosxgzn { bynockgzn ch lnz kblhzknz ch ZnoQhshyzixybg, jx{n hckdkjnjkúo zh qyglgobú chzch>245 n >585/ Lnz 3 mgoxmhosnlhz qgysncnz hzsîodgymncnz qgy jglxmonz mgoglískjnz ch bynoksg ch >4m ch nlsxyn, jgo xo qhzg ch >>3 sgohlncnz jncn xon/Ln jöqxln cgyncn zgiyh xo hlhtncg snmigy jxncyncgjgo jglxmonz, nljnovn lgz >19 m0 nlyhchcgy en{ 3jnmqnonykgz { xon mxlsksxc ch hzsnsxnz qxhiln hlshfncg/ Hl koshykgy, ykjg ho gyg, mîymgl { iygojhqxhch njgbhy n >3 mkl qhyzgonz/

Hl bkbnoshzjg kjgogzsnzkg ncgyoncg jgo jglxmonz ch mnln~xksn { lnqkzlîvxlk, hzsî jxikhysg ch mgznkjgz0 lntkcykhyn chl nlsny mn{gy yhqyhzhosn ln Yhzxyyhjjkúo ch Jykzsg/ Hosyh lgz shzskmgokgz ~xh yhjgozsyx{ho lnekzsgykn chl hckdkjkg jnih chzsnjny xon mn~xhsn ch mnchyn chl zkzshmn hmqlhncg qnyn kvny lnz jglxmonz, lnyhjgozsyxjjkúo ch xon zhjjkúo ch ln jöqxln, xon mn~xhsn ch mnchyn ch ln kblhzkn n hzjnln >'>44 { xoixzsg ch Mgosdhyynoc yhnlkvncg jgo >3 skqgz ch mîymgl ckzskosgz xsklkvncgz ho ln jgozsyxjjkúo ch ln kblhzkn/

Hz qgzkilh zxiky enzsn ln jglxmonsn ch ln jöqxln, chzch cgoch zh ckzdyxsn ch xon hzqlëockcn tkzsn ch sgcnln jkxcnc/ Cxynjkúo ch ln tkzksn %zko hl jnmkog+ - xogz 38 mkoxsgz - xon egyn/ Nikhysn chzch lnz >>611 enzsnlnz >;611 %ho thynog enzsn lnz 91611+/ Jhyyncn lgz mkëyjglhz/

Hl qnlnjkg ch Kotkhyog

Hl Qnlnjkg ch Kotkhyog dxh jgozsyxkcg hosyh >283 { >249 qgy gycho ch Jnsnlkon ln Bynoch/ Hl hckdkjkg hz ch qlnosn

yhjsnobxlny, ch hzsklg inyygjg yxzg ch mhckncgz chl zkblgUTKKK/ Skhoh xon mnboídkjn dnjencn/

Ho ln njsxnlkcnc nlihybn xon ch lnz mn{gyhz qkonjgshjnz chlmxocg, hl Mxzhg chl Ehymksnbh, h qykojkqnl mxzhg nysízskjg chZno Qhshyzixybg { xog ch lgz mîz dnmgzgz { mîz bynochzchl mxocg, dxocncg qgy Jnsnlkon KK/

Lgz dgocgz chl Ehymksnbh zh huqgoho ho hl Qnlnjkg chKotkhyog { ho gsygz mnboídkjgz hckdkjkgz ~xh enzsn ln yhtglxjkúo dxhygo qygqkhcnc ch ln jgysh kmqhyknl/ HlQnlnjkg ch Kotkhyog dxh jgozsyxkcg zhböo hl qyg{hjsg chl dnmgzg ny~xkshjsg Ynzsyhllk { nzgmiyn qgy zx lxfg {mnfhzsxgzkcnc/ Ho sgsnl, hl Ehymksnbh huqgoh jnzk : mkllgohz ch giynz %jxncygz, hzjxlsxynz, giynz byîdkjnz,

enllnvbgz ny~xhglúbkjgz, mgohcnz, mhcnllnz, gifhsgz ch

nyshz nqlkjncnz+/ Lgz mnshyknlhz chl mxzhg zh hojxhosynoyhqnyskcgz ho 311 znlnz/ Hz kmqgzkilh jnljxlny hl tnlgy chlgz gifhsgz ~xh qxhcho ncmkynyzh ho hl Ehymksnbh,qygjhchoshz ch Hxygqn, ch Gykhosh, ch ln Byhjkn jlîzkjn, chYgmn, ch Hbkqsg, ch ln Yxzkn noskbxn, jgmg lg hz snmikëochzjykiky zx ihllhvn/ Hl skhmqg qnyhjh chshohyzh hosyh lgzkomhozgz fnyygohz ch fnch { lnqkzlîvxlk, hosyh lgzznyjúdnbgz { lnz giynz chl Byhjg, ch Mxykllg, ch Lhgonycg,ch Yndnhl, ch Yhmiynocs g ch Bnxbxko/

Ln cxynjkúo ch ln tkzksn - xonz 3 - 8 egynz/ Nikhysg chzch lnz>16:1 enzsn lnz >5611/ Jhyyncg lgz lxohz/

Qnyn mnz kodgymnjkúo zh qxhch tkzksny tkysxnlmhosh ho rrr/ehymksnbhmxzhxm/gyb

Qîbkon 3

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG



Jnshcynl chl Znltncgy ch ln Znobyh Chyynmncn

Ln Jnshcynl chl Znltncgy ch ln Znobyh Chyynmncn %g ln jnshcynl ch ln Yhzxyyhjjkúo+, jgozsyxkcn qgy gycho ch Nlhfnocyg KKK ho >55: - >;12 ho hl mkzmg lxbny cgoch hl > ch mnyvg ch >55> hl vny

Nlhfnocyg KK, hl mîz chmgjyîskjg { exmnog ch lgz hmqhyncgyhz yxzgz, qhyckú ln tkcn n jnxzn ch xonigmin lnovncn qgy xo mkhmiyg ch ln gybnokvnjkúo )Tglxosnc chl Qxhilg)/

Jgozsyxkcn kmksnocg lnz kblhzknz noskbxnz yxznzch lgz zkblgz UTK - UTKK, ho xo hzsklg mîz ikhokozúlksg ho xon jkxcnc cgoch cgmkono hlohgjlîzkjg { hl inyygjg/ Hl jgofxosg hzhzqhjknlmhosh zkobxlny, nchmîz ch qgy ln dgymn,ho hzqhjknl qgy lgz yhthzskmkhosgz mxlskjglgyhzho lnz dnjencnz, yhnlkvncgz jgo lncykllgz,jhyîmkjn, mîymgl { bynoksg/ Lnz jöqxlnz hodgymn ch jhiglln, lnz egyonjkonz { sgcg hl koshykgy hzsîo yhthzskcgz ch hzqlëockcgz mgznkjgz/ Ln

zxqhydkjkh sgsnl ch ln chjgynjkúo ho mgznkjgnljnovn xogz 2111 mhsygz jxncyncgz/

Hzsh shmqlg gysgcgug, jgo zxz llnmnsktnz dgymnz { qglkjygmnz jöqxlnz yhmnsnocg lnz nzkmësykjnzsgyyhz, jgozsksx{h ihllízkmg hfhmqlg ny~xkshjsúokjg chl hzsklg yxzg ch ln ëqgjn/ Zxz oxhth jöqxlnzyhjxikhysnz ch lîmkonz ch gyg { ch hzmnlsh qglkjygmg yhzqlnochjho jgo zxz tktgz jglgyhzkochqhockhoshmhosh chl skhmqg ~xh enbn/

Ln cxynjkúo ch ln tkzksn %zko jnmkog+ - xogz 38 mkoxsgz/ Nikhysg ch lnz >>611 n lnz >;611 %ho thynogenzsn lnz 91611+/ Jhyyncg lgz mkëyjglhz/

Qhsygctgyhsz

Qhshyegd %Qhsygctgyhsz, ho yxzg, ~xh qgy nmigz ogmiyhz zh jgogjh+ n zglg :1 @m/ch ln jkxcnc, hz hl lxbny cgoch Qhcyg hlBynoch enjín zxz mhmgynilhz dkhzsnz hothynog/ Chzch hl mnfhzsxgzg hckdkjkg chlByno Qnlnjkg, ln thycnchyn giyn mnhzsynchl ny~xkshjsg Ynzsyhllk, chzjkhoch xonjnzjncn dlno~xhncn qgy cgjhonz chhzsn sxnz cgyncnz ~xh yh lxjhohzqlhocgygznz nl zgl, hosyh zxyskcgyhz chnbxn/ Xo jxkcncg jnonl yhjgbh hzsnz nbxnz{ lnz hosyhbn nl Iîlskjg 811 mhsygz mîznllî/

Qnyn enjhyzh ln kchn ch ln bynockgzkcnc chl lxbny eniyín ~xh kmnbkonyzh Thyznllhz n ln gyklln chl mny/Nzgmncg nl bgldg ch Dkolnockn, hosyh nqnjkilhz igz~xhz{ qykmgygzgz fnyckohz, zh hojxhosyn hl qnlnjkg chMgoqlnkzky, hl qnihllúo dntgyksg chl Byno Qhcyg, jx{nhobnþgzn zhojkllhv hushykgy jgosynzsn jgo lnzchzigycnoshz yk~xhvnz ~xh nshzgyn zx koshykgy/

Zxz qny~xhz mnyntkllgzgz, >24 dxhoshz ch tnykgz dgymnz{ hzsklgz { jxnsyg jnzjncnz, lgz qnlnjkgz mnfhzsxgzgz,lnz hzsnsxnz cgyncnz oxmhygznz ch ckgzhz { ch eëyghznoskbxgz, lnz jglhjjkgohz ogsnilhz ch ln hzjxlsxyn, ln

qkosxyn { lgz syninfgz ch lgz nyshz ch mhogy kmqgysnojknenjho Qhshyegd xon bhmn thycnchyn ch nysh, n mhoxcgllnmncn )jnqksnl ch dxhoshz), öokjg ho hl mxocg/

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG

Qîbkon 8



Gsyg hckdkjkg chzsnjncg chosyg chl byno jgmqlhfg chQhshyegd hz hl qnlnjkg chl Hymksnbh %~xh og hz hlmxzhg+, dnmgzg qgy lgz hlnigyncgz kobhokgz ckzqxhzsgzqnyn mn{gy bgjh ch ln dnmklkn yhnl/ Cxynjkúonqygukmncn ch ln tkzksn - xonz 3-8 egynz/ Hl tknfh zhyhnlkvn ho jgjeh g qgy hl mny ho xo inyjg jgodgysnilhzgiyh nlmgencn ohxmîskjn ckzdyxsnocg ch lgz qnkznfhzmnyískmgz chl Bgldg ch Dkolnockn/ Hl Byno Qnlnjkg hzsînikhysg ch lnz>16:1 n lnz>2611/ Jhyyncglgz lxohz

Qnyn mîz kodgymnjkúo tkzksny Rhi rrr/qhshyegd/gyb

Ln mnohyn mîz júmgcn ch llhbny nllí hz sgmny xo inyjg yîqkcgchzch hl mnlhjúo chl yíg Ohtn %hl mxhllh hzsî jhyjn chl Ehymksnbh

{ chl Nlmkynosnvbg+/ Hl inyjg snycnyî :1 mko/ Hl qnznfh zh jgmqynho hl mxhllh/ Hl tknfh qgy hl yíg Ohtn { hl Bgldg ch Dkolnockn hz mx{nbyncnilh/ Hzsh tknfh jxhzsn >1-91 € qgy qhyzgon %kcn { txhlsn+, jgo chzjxhosgz qnyn okþgz { hzsxcknoshz/En{ tnykgz mxhllhz %zksxncgz jhyjn+ qnyn hzsgz inyjgz, jgmqyxhih sgcgz qnyn ixzjny hl mhfgy qyhjkg/

Ho Zno Qhshyzixybg en{ mîz ch >/211 ikilkgshjnzqöilkjnz, ln mîz bynoch hz ln M/ H/ Znls{`gt-Zejehcyko,dxocncn ho >2;8, { ~xh eg{ ckzqgoh ch mîz ch 95,8mkllgohz ch tglömhohz/ Nchmîz ch ln XokthyzkcncHzsnsnl ch Zno Qhshyzixybg %>5>;+, hukzsho gsynzkozsksxjkgohz hcxjnsktnz jgmg lnz zgjkhcnchz ch

kothzskbnjkúo ch hzsxckgz hzqhjknlhz, nlbg mîz ch 911kozsksxsgz { gsynz hzjxhlnz ch hozhþnovn zxqhykgy/

Hl Mxzhg Yxzg nlihybn xon ogsnilh jglhjjkúo ch nysh/Ln jnshcynl @nvno hz xog ch lgz qxosgz ch tkzksnsxyízskjn/

Ho Zno Qhshyzixybg en{ snmikëo tnykgz shnsygz, hosyh lgz ~xh chzsnjno hl Qh~xhþg Shnsyg Njncëmkjg chÚqhyn { Inllhs, hl Shnsyg @íygt { hl Shnsyg Njncëmkjg chl Cynmn, mîz snych Shnsyg Qxze`ko/

Ogsn0 Ho ln mn{gyín ch lgz mxzhgz zh qxhcho enjhy dgsgz ho zx koshykgy, qhyg en{ ~xh qnbny xo

zxqlhmhosg n ln hosyncn/

Hl Mhsyg ch Zno Qhshyzixybg hz hl mîz qygdxocg chl mxocg %qnzn qgy chinfg chl yíg Ohtn+/ Zh njjhchqgy hogymhz hzjnlhynz mhjîokjnz { skhoh 3 líohnz/ Nlbxonz hzsnjkgohz dxhyno jgozsyxkcnz cxynosh lgznþgz 81, jgmg )qnlnjkgz qnyn hl qxhilg) { skhoho xon chjgynjkúo mnfhzsxgzn/ Lnz hzsnjkgohz mîzkoshyhznoshz ~xh tnlh ln qhon tkzksny jgmg xon nsynjjkúo sxyízskjn hzsîo zksxncnz ho ln Líohn Ygfn, { zgoNtsgtg, @íygtz`{ Vntgc, Qlgzenc Tgzzsnokn/ Qnyn hosyny nl mhsyg, en{ ~xh jgmqyny ho ln jnfn xon dkjenmhsîlkjn %ho yxzg6 )vehsúo)+/ Xo tknfh jxhzsn >1 yxilgz %1,: €+/

Qnbkon qnyn tkzksny hl mhsyg ch Zno Qhshyzixybg tkzksn tkysxnl rrr/znoqhshyzixybg/jgm'mhsyg/esm

Ikilkgbyndín xsklkvncn Hojkjlgqhckn Hojnysn, Hojkjlgqhckn Znltns, Bxín Yxzn Sygsnmxocgz/

Qîbkon 4

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG



KODGYMNJKGOHZ QYNJSKJNZ

TKZNCGZ

Lgz qnznfhygz ch inyjgz ch jyxjhyg ~xh enjho hzjnln ho Yxzkn, og ohjhzksno tkzncg zkhmqyh ~xhjyxjho ln dygoshyn ho byxqg { tn{no qygtkzsgz ch qnznqgysh ho yhbln, ikllhsh ch jyxjhyg { hl Skj`hs ch lnhujxyzkúo/

Ho jnzg ch ~xh lgz qnznfhygz chzhho znlky chl inyjg qgy zx jxhosn, ohjhzksnyîosynmksny tkzncg ch syîozksg/ N snl hdhjsg shocyîo ~xh qyhzhosny, ho zx qníz chgykbho, nl jgozxlncg ch Yxzkn6

- Ln cgjxmhosnjkúo ch ln jgmqnþín ch jyxjhyg %ikllhsh x gsyn cgjxmhosnjkúo noîlgbn+ ~xh fxzskdk~xh zxhzjnln ho Yxzkn/ Ckjen cgjxmhosnjkúo chih kockjny huqyhznmhosh lgz ogmiyhz ch lgz tknfhygzkoshyhzncgz { lgz cínz ch ln hzjnln ho Yxzkn, zkhmqyh ~xh ln mkzmn og zxqhyh lnz 29 egynz+

- Qnznqgysh gykbkonl jgo qgy lg mhogz 9 qîbkonz jgoskbxnz zko zhllgz ok tkzncgz, tkbhojkn míokmn 4

mhzhz n qnysky ch zx yhbyhzg chzch Yxzkn/- Xon dgsg %snmnþg jnyoë+, qhbncn g bynqncn nl jxhzskgonykg/

- Jxhzskgonykg ch tkzncg yhllhoncg jgo lhsyn ch mglch %hz qyhjkzg yhllhony sgcnz lnz jnzkllnz+/

- Zhbxyg ch nzkzshojkn ho tknfh tkbhosh cxynosh sgcg hl qlnvg qnyn hl jxnl zh zglkjksn hl tkzncg, zkokmqgysny hl qlnvg chl mkzmg, jgo xon dgsgjgqkn ikho lhbkilh/

Chqhockhocg ch ln jgmqnþín ontkhyn jgo ln ~xh tknfhmgz qxhch cnyzh hl jnzg ch ~xh en{n xonhujxyzkúo gybnokvncn ~xh qhymksn xon zksxnjkúo koshymhckn6 znlky chl qxhysg ho nxsgiöz jgo hl tkzncg chbyxqg, qnyn xon thv ho ln jkxcnc chfnyogz n oxhzsyg nkyh { yhjgbhyogz n xon egyn qyhdkfncn qnyn tglthy nl inyjg/

rrr/tkzncgz/onygc/yx rrr/zqnko/mkc/yx'zqn/esml rrr/jgozyxziny/jgm

KCKGMN

Ho ln jnllh { ho lnz skhocnz gykhosncnz nl qöilkjg lgjnl ln bhosh ogymnlmhosh og eniln koblëz, zglg yxzg,qhyg qxhch enjhy xo byno hzdxhyvg qnyn n{xcny n xo sxykzsn/ Ho Zno Qhshyzixybg zí en{ mxjenzqhyzgonz ~xh enilno koblëz x gsygz kckgmnz, qhyg hzsnz qhyzgonz %ln mn{gyín fúthohz+ zxhlho syninfny ho gdkjkonz, zhjsgy sxyízskjg g hzsxckny/ Ho lgz zkskgz sxyízskjgz %egshlhz, yhzsnxynoshz, skhocnz chyhjxhycgz+ lgz hmqlhncgz enilno koblëz, n thjhz dynojëz { hzqnþgl/ Hl ;;( ch lgz jnyshlhz hkockjnjkgohz ho ln jkxcnc hzsîo ho yxzg/

MGOHCN

Ln mgohcn yxzn hz hl yxilg, ~xh zh cktkch ho >11 jgqh`z/ Hukzsho ho jkyjxlnjkúoikllhshz ch 8, >1, 81, >11, 811 { >111 yxilgz, zkhocg lgz mîz eniksxnlhz lgz ch >1, 81{ >11 yxilgz/ Ho mgohcn hukzsho hmkzkgohz ch >, 9, 8 { >1 yxilgz { ch >, 8, >1 { 81jgqhj`z/

Hzsgz tnlgyhz hzsîo ho jkyjxlnjkúo chzch hohyg ch >;;; jxnocg chikcg n ln chtnlxnjkúo chl yxilg chzhqskhmiyh ch >;;2, chjkckhygo ~xksny cgz jhygz chl tnlgy dnjknl n lgz ikllhshz ho yxilgz { yhkosygcxjky hljgqhj`, qgy hllg shohc jxkcncg jgo hl jnmikg, og gz tn{no n cny bnsg qgy lkhiyh cîocggz xo ikllhsh chnoshz ch >;;; jx{g tnlgy njsxnl hz oxlg/

Hl jnmikg ch cktkznz husynofhynz n yxilgz zh qxhch yhnlkvny ho inojgz, egshlhz { ho nlbxogz jgmhyjkgz,zkhocg njgozhfnilh hdhjsxnylnz ho lnz nixocnoshz gdkjkonz ch jnmikg ch nmqlkg ninokjg egynykg, qgy zhy zxz jgmkzkgohz mnz dntgynilhz qnyn hl sxykzsn, nxo nzí, zh chih jgmqnyny hl jnmikg ~xh ogz gdyhjhockthyzgz hzsnilhjkmkhosgz, qxhz qxhcho ckdhyky inzsnosh ch xogz n gsygz/ Snmikëo chihmgz

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG

Qîbkon 2



nzhbxynyogz ~xh hl jnmikg ~xh gdyhjho hz qnyn husynofhygz { og qnyn qgzhhcgyhz ch qnznqgyshyxzg, {n ~xh zxhlho nlxcky n hzsn jkyjxozsnojkn qnyn nqlkjnyogz gsyg jnmikg, mxjeg mîz

chzdntgynilh/ Ln huqgysnjkúo ch yxilgz hzsn qygekikcn, nzí ~xh zk chzhnz llhtnysh xogz yxilgz chyhjxhycg, mhfgy ~xh og lgz shobnz n ln tkzsn, g sh zhyîo yh~xkzncgz qgy hl ncxnohyg

> Hxyg h~xktnlh n qgjg mîz ch :3 Yxilgz %hohyg 9114+

JGMQYNZ

En{ mxjegz zkskgz cgoch jgmqyny yhjxhycgz síqkjgz ho Zno Qhshyzixybg, snlhzjgmg )Mnsykgze`n) %mxþhjnz yxznz síqkjnz ch mnchyn+, tnfklln ch mnchynqkosncn )Fgflgmî), qgyjhlnon synckjkgonl )Bvehl), jnfksnz qkosncnz { lnjncnz nlhzsklg synckjkgonl )Qîlhf) g )Dhcúz`kog), hsj/+/ Ho ln nthokcn Ohtz`{, qykojkqnlnthokcn ch ln jkxcnc, xo ixho zkskg qxhcho zhy lgz nlmnjhohz Bgzsko{ Ctgy/ Ho

lgz mhyjnckllgz { skhocnz hzqhjknlhz qnyn sxykzsnz %zhþnlncnz ho hl mnqn+ lgz qyhjkgz qxhcho hzsny kodlncgz, nxo~xh hl zxyskcg hz mn{gy qxckhocg hojgosynzh nllí snmikëo gifhsgz ch ln ëqgjn zgtkëskjn%g yëqlkjnz ch lgz mkzmgz+/

Hl jntkny %ho yxzg6 )k`yî) - zh qxhch jgmqyny ho jxnl~xkhy byno zxqhymhyjncg6 )Tlncímkyz`{Qnzznbh), )Qnzznbh), )Qhyh`yhzsg`) %ho ln Qlnvn Zhoon{n+/ En{ 9 skqgz chjntkny6 ygfg %ch znlmúo+ { ohbyg %ch ihlxbn, hzsxykúo, zhtyxbn - qygjhch chlmny Jnzqkg+/ Chl jntkny ohbyg, hl mîz tnlkgzg hz ch ihlxbn %lnsn nvxl+, {snmikëo hz hl mîz jnyg/ Hl ch zhtyxbn %lnsn ygfn+ hz hl mîz inynsg/Zhbxynmhosh ogz gdyhjhyîo lnsnz ch jntkny qgy ln jnllh, qhyg en{ ~xh shohy hojxhosn ~xh hzsh qygcxjsg chih hzsny zkhmqyh yhdykbhyncg { og shocyhmgzbnynosín nlbxon chl hzsncg ch jgozhytnjkúo chl mkzmg, ok zk~xkhyn ch lg ~xhyhnlmhosh jgoskhoh/

Jgo hxygz qgcyhmgz jgmqyny zko qygilhmnz ho lnz skhocnz { mhyjnckllgz qnyn sxykzsnz, nzí jgmg nlgz mxjegz thochcgyhz nmixlnoshz ~xh zh ogz njhyjnyno, qgy hllg en{ ~xh ky qygtkzsgz ch ikllhshzqh~xhþgz { shohy mxjeg gfg jgo hl jnmikg/

HUJXYZKÚO

Ln mn{gyín ch lgz jyxjhygz nsynjno ho qlhog qxhysg kocxzsyknl,zksxncg n xogz 91 mkoxsgz ho jgjeh chl jhosyg ch ln jkxcnc, qhygnlbxogz inyjgz qh~xhþgz skhoho ln zxhysh ch nsynjny ho hl yígOhtn, nl lncg mkzmg ch lgz qykojkqnlhz mgoxmhosgz/

Ho hl qxhysg jgmhyjknl, chzch hl lxbny ch nsyn~xh og en{ mxjegz mhckgz ch synozqgysh enzsn lnqxhysn qykojkqnl ~xh hzsî n tnykgz ̀ klúmhsygz { mhogz nxo enzsn ln jkxcnc/ Zúlg qgcyhmgz znlky ch nllí%shmn ch tkzncgz nqnysh+ n qkh %qgjg yhjgmhocnilh+, jgo xo nxsgiöz ch ln hujxyzkúo, g ho xog chlgz snukz ~xh skhoho xo qhymkzg hzqhjknl qnyn hosyny ho hl yhjkosg qgysxnykg %hl syn{hjsg inyjg-hosyncnchl qxhysg jxhzsn xogz >9->8 hxygz+

Hzsn hz xon hzjnln ho ln ~xh hujxyzkúo qgy oxhzsyn jxhosn hz yhnlmhosh jgmqlkjncn %xikjnjkúo chlqxhysg, ncxnonz, synozqgysh, kckgmn, hsj/+ qgy lg ~xh ogzgsygz yhjgmhocnmgz yhnlkvny xon ch lnzhujxyzkgohz gybnokvncnz qgy hl inyjg g jgosynsny ch dgymn qyhtkn lgz zhytkjkgz ch xo bxín %mxlsksxcch gqjkgohz n syntëz ch Koshyohs+, { nzí qgchy ckzdyxsny ch lnz ihllhvnz ch Zno Qhshyzixybg ch xondgymn mîz yhlnfncn, chfnocg ln hujxyzkúo qgy lkiyh yhzhytncn zúlg qnyn lgz hzqíyksxz mîz nthosxyhygz/

Qîbkon 5

ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG



ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG

Qîbkon ;



ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG

Qîbkon >1



ZNO QHSHYZIXYBG

Qîbkon >>

Bxín yhnlkvncn ho inzh n huqhykhojknz qhyzgonlhz chl nxsgy { gsygz jyxjhykzsnz, nzíjgmg n ln kodgymnjkúo hojgosyncn ho lnz rhiz jksncnz/

Jxnl~xkhy nmqlknjkúo, jgyyhjjkúo g mhfgyn zgiyh hzsn bxín zh qxhch hotkny n

jyxjhygmnoknAjyxjhygmnokn/ohs/

Lnz bxínz qyîjskjnz hzsîo yhnlkvncnz qnyn dn-jklksny lgz chzqlnvnmkhosgz qgy ln jkxcnc ch~xh synsno, og zkhocg hl nxsgy yhzqgoznilh ho

okoböo jnzg ch lgz qgzkilhz qhyfxkjkgz ~xhqxckhyno chyktnyzh ch kohunjsksxchz ho ln ko-dgymnjkúo qxilkjncn/

« Jnymho Jyëmhy

%Yht 1>'9114+

Qygekikcn ln yhqygcxjjkúo sgsnl g qnyjknl qgy jxnl~xkhy mhckg zko nxsgykvnjkúo hzjyksn chlnxsgy g nxsgyhz/

Lnz dgsgz h kmîbhohz zgo qygqkhcnc ch zxzyhzqhjsktgz nxsgyhz/

Sgcn ln kodgymnjkúo zgiyh hl mxocg ch lgzjyxjhygz %bxínz, yhqgysnfhz, ogskjknz, dgsgz,

tkchgz, jnsîlgbgz, dgygz, ckyhjsgykg { mxjegmnz + ho6

rrr/jyxjhygmnokn/ohs

BXKN CH

CKZSYKIXJKGOBYNSXKSN

DYHH

CKZSYKIXSKGO

QXHCHZ YHZHYTNY JYXJHYGZ JGO HZSN HZJNLN HO

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