guangdong provincial government the world bank

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTTHE WORLD BANK

E829Volume 3

GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTAURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT

DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES

ENVIRONMENTAL AsSESSMENT

VOLUME 2: OVERALL EAFOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

NOVEMBER 2003

No. 035 5073 - R3-Volume 2

vv IN COLLABORATION 'ORAWITH FILRE C

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PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

GUANGDONG PROVINCIALGOVERNMENT

~ OGREAH TEWRDBN.. .... -.- ~ ,~ . _) N ._. OSI T AN rs ......... THE WORLD BANK

GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTAURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT - OVERALL EAFOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

IDENTIFICATION No 355073.R3.V2DATE: NOVEMBER 2003

This document has been produced by SOGREAH Consultants as part of the FASEP Grant (FrenchGovernment Grant) to Guangdong Provincial Government (Job Number 355073). This documenthas been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following theQuality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with IS09001.

APPROVED BYINDEX DA TE AUTHOR CHECKED BY (PROJECTPURPOSE OF MOD/FICATION MANAGER)

B Second Issue 6/02/04 BYN/GDM GDM GDM

A First Issue 26/11/03 BYN/GDM GDM GDM

INDEX DISTRIBUTONLIST CONTACTADDRESS

I GPG PMO (Mr ZENG Yu Chang)

2 GMG PMO (Mr ZHAN Yishan)

3 The World Bank (Mr Tom Zearley, tzearlevy(cworldbank.org,Hao Zhang) hzhanqZaDworldbank.orq

4 DREE (DREE Paris, PEE Canton) Olivier.candiottifa dree.orp

Alain.Queguenasogreah.fr,SOGREAH (Head Office, Beijing edaard.vabettem oisoareah.fr

Oafice) bioffice(9sogreah.com.cn

GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANKGUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES

OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................ .1

1.1. GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT PROJECT ......................................................... 1

1.2. GENERAL BACKGROUND FOR EA ......................................................... 1

1.2.1. CLASSIFICATION OF EA .......................................................... 11.2.2. PRINCIPLE AND METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED .......................................................... 11.2.3. COVERAGE OF EA ......................................................... 2

1.3. LAYOUT OF EA REPORT ......................................................... 2

2. STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................... 4

2.1. GENERAL .......................................................... 4

2.2. THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY POLLUTION PROJECT (PREPP) ............................. ............................ 4

2.3. THE GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN .......................................................... 6

2.4. THE GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER PLAN .........................................................9

2.5. THE GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ......................................................... 9

2.5.1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ......................................................... 92.5.2. PROJECT MAIN COMPONENTS ........................................................ 10

2.6. OTHER SUPPORTING INITIATIVES ........................................................ 10

2.6.1. ACTION PLAN FOR LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT ........................................................ 102.6.2. GUANGZHOU INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL ACTION PLAN ...................................................... 11

3. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK . . ................................ 12

3.1. NATIONAL POLICIES AND TARGETS ........................................................ 12

3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND ROLES ........................................................ 13

3.2.1. NATIONAL LEVEL: EPC AND SEPA ......................................................... 133.2.1.1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COMMISSION (EPC) ....................................................... 133.2.1.2. STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ADMINISTRATION (SEPA) .................................... 133.2.1.3. ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER FORAGENDA21 ........................................................ 14

3.2.2. PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL EPB ........................................................ 143.2.3. PEARL RIVER WRC-EMB ........................................................ 14

3.3. LEGAL ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................ 15

3.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ........................................................ 153.3.1.1. EIA SUPPORTING LAWS & REGULATIONS ........................................................ 153.3.1.2. EIA PROCEDURES ........................................................ 16

3.3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS ........................................................ 173.3.3. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION ........................................................ 18

3.3.3.1. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT ........................................................ 183.3.3.2. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS ......................................................... 18

3.3.4. LAND ACQUISITION, COMPENSATION & RESETTLEMENT STANDARDS . ............................................ 19

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE I 2003 - NOVEMBER



4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................ 20

4.1. ALTERNATIVE WITHOUT PROJECT ................................................................ 20

4.2. REGIONAL SANITATION SCHEME ALTERNATIVE ................................................................ 20

4.3. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR LIEDE ................................................................ 22

4.3.1. ALTERNATIVE LOCATION FOR THE WWTP ................................................................ 224.3.2. ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR THE LIEDE RELATED SEWER NETWORK . .............................................. 22

4.3.2.1. THE KEYUN ROAD WASTEWATER MAIN TRUNK SEWER ................................................... 224.3.2.2. THE CHEPIYONG-CHEPI ROAD MAIN TRUNK SEWER ....................................................... 23

4.4. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR DASHADI WWTP . ............................................................... 24

4.4.1. ALTERNATIVE LOCATION FOR THE WWTP ................................................................ 244.4.2. ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR THE DASHADI RELATED SEWER NETWORK . .......................................... 24

4.4.2.1. WESTERN AREA ................................................................ 244.4.2.2. EASTERN AREA ................................................................ 25

4.5. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR INTERCEPTORS AND SEWERS . ................................................. 26

4.5.1. INTERCEPTORS FOR LIEDE 3 ................................................................ 264.5.2. INTERCEPTORS FOR DASHADI ................................................................ 27

4.6. TREATMENT PROCESS ALTERNATIVES ................................................................ 27

4.6.1. NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................ 274.6.2. POSSIBLE TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR LIEDE 3 AND DASHADI .................................................... 284.6.3. COMPARISON OF THE POSSIBLE TREATMENT PROCESSES .............................................................. 28

4.6.3.1. A210 PROCESS ................................................................ 284.6.3.2. A/O PROCESS ................................................................ 294.6.3.3. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS WITH PHASE ALTERNATION .............................................. 294.6.3.4. COMPARISON OF THE ANNUAL OPERATION COST OF THE THREE PROCESSES ................... 304.6.3.5. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL COMPARISON OF THE THREE PROCESSES ......................... 304.6.3.6. COMPARISON OF THE MAIN PERFORMANCES OF THE THREE PROCESSES .......................... 31

4.6.4. ALTERNATIVES FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL ............................................................... 324.6.4.1. SLUDGETREATMENT ................................................................ 324.6.4.2. ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS ................................................................ 32

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE WB PROJECT COMPONENTS ................................................................ 36

5.1. PRESENT SITUATION OF WASTEWATER IN GUANGZHOU ................................................................ 36

5.2. OVERALL PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................ 36

5.3. LIEDE3 WWTP COMPONENT ................................................................ 38

5.4. DASHADI 1 WWTP COMPONENT ................................................................ 40

5.5. NETWORK COMPONENT ................................................................ 41

6. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ................................................................ 52

6.1. GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND FOR THE PRD REGION ............................................... 52

6.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ................................................................ 52

6.3. URBAN QUALITYOFLIFE ................................................................. 54

6.4. CULTURAL HERITAGE ................................................................. 54

6.5. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY ................................................................. 55

6.5.1. TERRESTRIALECOLOGYOFGUANGDONG PROVINCE ................................................................ 55

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N- 355073 PAGE 11 2003 - NOVEMBER



6.5.2. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF GUANGZHOU URBAN REGION .......................................................... 556.5.3. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF PROJECT SITES .................. ........................................ 57

6.6. AQUATIC ECOLOGY .......................................................... 57

6.6.1. METHODOLOGY ........................................................... 576.6.2. RESULTS OF SURVEY .......................................................... 57

6.6.2.1. INVESTIGATIONS ON ALGAE, CHLOROPHYLL-A AND BIODIVERSITY ................ .................. 576.6.2.2. FISH CONTAMINATION .......................................................... 60

6.7. CLIMATE .......................................................... 60

6.8. GENERAL HYDROLOGY OF PRD ......................................................... 61

6.9. SURFACE WATER QUALITY ISSUES ......................................................... 62

6.9.1. PRESENT SITUATION IN CHINA AND IN PEARL RIVER ......................................................... 626.9.2. PRESENT SITUATION IN THE GUANGZHOU MUNICIPALITY ........................................ 63

6.9.2.1. CURRENT MONITORING FOR WATER QUALITY .......................................................... 636.9.2.2. RESULTS FOR YEAR 2000 .......................................................... 636.9.2.3. QUALITY OF THE DONGJIANG RIVER .................... ...................................... 666.9.2.4. QUALITY OF RIVER SEDIMENTS ................ .......................................... 66

6.9.3. WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION AND OBJECTIVES ........................................... 676.9.3.1. CLASSIFICATION OF RIVER REACHES ...................... ................................... 67

6.9.4. SENSITIVE SPOTS .......................................................... 686.9.5. WATER QUALITY SURVEY AT PROJECT SITES ......................................................... 70

6.9.5.1. LIEDE WWTP SITE ......................................................... 706.9.5.2. DASHADI WWTP SITE ......................................................... 706.9.5.3. NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT ......................................................... 70

6.9.6. SOURCES OF POLLUTION ......................................................... 736.10. AIR QUALITY ........................................................... 73

6.10.1. LIEDE 3 WWTP SITE ......................................................... 736.10.2. DASHADI WWTP SITE ......................................................... 756.10.3. NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT ......................................................... 78

6.11. LAND USE IN PROJECT SITES ........................................................... 78

7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ......................................................... 80

7.1. GENERAL ......................................................... 80

7.2. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY ......................................................... 80

7.2.1. PRESENTATION OF MODELLING ACTIVITIES ......................................................... 807.2.2. FAR-FIELD MODEL ......................................................... 81

7.2.2.1. CONSTRUCTION AND CALIBRATION OF MODEL .......................................................... 817.2.2.2. POLLUTANT LOAD CALCULATIONS .......................................................... 817.2.2.3. CALIBRATION OF THE POLLUTION MODEL ................................ ......................... 837.2.2.4. IMPACTS OF PROJECT ON THE RIVER SYSTEM ......................................................... 95

7.2.3. NEAR-FIELD IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY ................................................. 1007.2.3.1. MODEL PRESENTATION AND CALIBRATION ......................................................... 1007.2.3.2. RESULTS FOR LIEDE WWTP ......................................................... 1027.2.3.3. RESULTS FOR DASHADI WWTP .......................................................... 112

7.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY .......................................................... 113

7.3.1. METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 1137.3.1.1. ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY ......................................................... 1137.3.1.2. FORECAST MODELLING .......................................................... 113

7.3.2. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION .......................................................... 114

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE III 2003- NOVEMBER

GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANKGUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT- DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES


7.3.2.1. FROMLIEDE3WWTP .......................... 1147.3.2.2. FROM DASHADI I .......................... 1177.3.2.3. SENSITIVE SPOTS & MITIGATION MEASURES .......................... 1227.3.2.4. FROM SEWERS AND PUMPING STATIONS .......................... 122

7.3.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY DURING CONSTRUCTION .1237.3.4. MITIGATION MEASURES .. 123

7.4. IMPACT OF NOISE . . .124

7.4.1. IMPACT OF NOISE DURING CONSTRUCTION . . .1247.4.1.1. MITIGATION MEASURES .129

7.4.2. IMPACT OF NOISE DURING OPERATION . . .1297.4.2.1. LIEDEWWTP SITE .1297.4.2.2. DASHADI WWTP SITE .1327.4.2.3. MITIGATION MEASURES .132

7.5. IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE . . .133

7.5.1. DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE .. 1337.5.2. IMPACT OF SPOIL DURING CONSTRUCTION .. 1337.5.3. IMPACT OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL DURING OPERATION .. 138

7.5.3.1. ESTIMATED SLUDGE PRODUCTION .1387.5.3.2. SLUDGE COMPOSITION .1397.5.3.3. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE .1407.5.3.4. MITIGATION MEASURES .141

7.6. IMPACTS ON NATURAL AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT . . .142

7.7. IMPACTS ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL ENVIRONMENT .142

7.7.1. PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION .1427.7.2. PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS .1437.7.3. TRANSPORTATION .1447.7.4. ELECTRIC POWER .1457.7.5. CULTURAL PROPERTIES .1457.7.6. INDUCED BENEFITS FROM PROJECT .145

7.8. RISK ASSESSMENT .. 146

7.8.1. WWTP OUTFALLS .1467.8.2. OVERFLOW AND ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE .1467.8.3. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING .1467.8.4. THREAT FROM INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES .1477.8.5. RISK RELATED TO SLUDGE MANAGEMENT .147

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.. 153

8.1. GENERAL .153

8.2. OBJECTIVES OF EMP .153

8.3. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS .153

8.4. OBLIGATIONS OF CONTRACTORS .154

8.5. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP .155

8.5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION BODIES .1558.5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES .1578.5.3. ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR ORGANIZATION .157

8.6. MONITORING PROGRAMS .. 158

8.6.1. MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .. 160

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 PAGE IV 2003 - NOVEMBER



8.6.2. WATER QUALITY MONITORING ............................................... 1628.6.3. AIR QUALITY & NOISE MONITORING ............................................... 163

8.7. CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS ............................................... 164

8.8. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP ................................................ 164

9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ..................... ........................... 167

9.1. OBJECTIVE & METHOD ............................................... 167

9.1.1. SOCIAL SURVEY ............................................... 1679.1.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................... 167

9.2. RESULTS ................................................. 167

9.2.1. SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY ............................................... 1679.2.2. FIRST PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................... 1689.2.3. SECOND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................................................ 1719.2.4. RESULTS OF RESIDENTS CONSULTATION ................................................ 1729.2.5. KEY ENTITIES CONSULTED ............................................... 172

9.2.5.1. DASHADIWWTPCOMPONENT ................................................ 1729.2.5.2. LIEDE III COMPONENT ................................................ 1739.2.5.3. WASTEWATER NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT ................................................ 173

9.3. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ................................................ .. 173

10. FINDINGS & CONCLUSION ................................................ 175

10.1. IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT ................................................ 175

10.2. MAJOR ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MEASURES ............................................... 175

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: LIST OF EA PREPARERS

APPENDIX 2: REFERENCES

APPENDIX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS IN PRC

APPENDIX 4: DATA ON WATER QUALITY

APPENDIX 5: NEAR FIELD MODEL CALIBRATION AND SIMULATION RESULTS

APPENDIX 6: INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER IN GUANGZHOU CATCHMENTS

APPENDIX 7: DATA ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUDGE IN GUANGZHOU

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE V 2003- NOVEMBER



LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 2.1: INVESTMENT PLAN OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN .................................................................. 7

TABLE 2.2: PROPOSED WWTP CAPACITIES ACCORDING TO THE REVISED GUANGZHOU MASTER PLAN (2002) .............................................. 9

TABLE 4.1: COMPARISON AND SELECTION FOR THE LAYOUT SCHEMES OF KEYUN ROAD MAIN TRUNK SEWER ............................................. 23

TABLE 4.2: COMPARISON AND SELECTION FOR THE LAYOUT SCHEMES OF CHEPI ROAD MAIN TRUNK SEWER .............................................. 23

TABLE 4.3: COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE SCHEMES FOR PIPELINES AND SYSTEM ........................................................................ 25

TABLE 4.4: COMPARISON OF INTERCEPTION OPTIONS ........................................................................ 26

TABLE 4.5: COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE INTERCEPTOR PROJECTS FOR LIEDE 3 ........................................................................ 26

TABLE 4.6: COMPARISON OF THE INTERCEPTOR PROJECTS FOR DASHADI ........................................................................ 27

TABLE 4.7: COMPARISON OF THE ANNUAL OPERATION COST OF THE THREE ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES ..................................................... 30

TABLE 4.8: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL COMPARISON OF THE THREE ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES ............................................................ 30

TABLE 4.9: TECHNICAL PROS AND CONS OF TREATMENT PROCESSES ........................................................................ 31

TABLE 5.1: COST ESTIMATE FOR GPRDUEP I ........................................................................ 38

TABLE 5.2: BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT LIEDE SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM (PHASE I AND Il) .................................................................... 38

TABLE 5.3: EXPECTED QUALITY OF INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT FOR LIEDE PHASE 3 (MGIL). ............................. 40

TABLE 5.4: EXPECTED QUALITY OF INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT FOR DASHADI PHASE 1 ........................................................................ 40

TABLE 5.5: SUMMARY OF WASTEWATER NETWORK EXTENSION PROGRAM ........................................................................ 41

TABLE 6.1: COMPOSITION OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUANGZHOU ........................................................................ 53

TABLE 6.2: LIST OF THE 20 MOST COMMON TREE SPECIES OF GUANGZHOU URBAN FOREST ....................................................................... 56

TABLE 6.3: BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR WATER BODY CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................ 57

TABLE 6.4: ALGAL COMMUNITY AND CHLOROPHYLL-A ........................................................................ 58

TABLE 6.5: AVERAGE CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS IN FISH LIVING IN THE FRONT CHANNEL (UNIT: MGIKG WET WEIGHT) ........................... 60

TABLE 6.6 : SOME KEY CLIMATE PARAMETERS FOR GUANGZHOU (AVERAGE MONTHLY VALUES OVER 30 YEARS) ........................................ 60

TABLE 6.7 ANNUAL AND MONTHLY WIND DIRECTION FREQUENCIES FOR GUANGZHOU (% OF TIME) ............................................................... 61

TABLE 6.8: FLOW DISTRIBUTION AT THE EIGHT OUTLETS OF THE PEARL RIVER (% OF TOTAL FLOW) ........................................................... 62

TABLE 6.9: TYPICAL TIDE FLOW DISTRIBUTION AT THE OUTLETS OF THE PEARL RIVER (UNIT: KM3) ............................................................ 62

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE VI 2003 - NOVEMBER



TABLE 6.10: PERCENTAGE OF RIVER REACHES MEETING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS IN 2000 ................................................................... 62

TABLE 6.11: WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS FOR YEAR 2000 (SOURCE: GUANGZHOU EPB) ......................................................... 63

TABLE 6.12: WATER QUALITY OF DONGJIANG AT NANGANG STATION FOR YEAR 2000 ................................................................... 66

TABLE 6.13: QUALITY OF RIVER SEDIMENTS SAMPLED IN JUNE 2000 ................................................................... 66

TABLE 6.14: CURRENT WATER QUALITY CLASS OF DASHADI RIVER REACH ................................................................... 70

TABLE 6.15: RESULTS FOR S02 (IN MGIM 3)..................................................................................................................74

TABLE 6.16: RESULTS FOR N02(IN MG/M3) .................................................................... 74

TABLE 6.17: RESULTS FOR ODOUR COMPONENTS (IN MGIM3) ................................................................... 75

TABLE 6.18: RESULTS FOR S02 (IN MG/M 3) ................................................................... 77

TABLE 6.19: RESULTS FOR N02 (IN MGIM3) ................................................................... 77

TABLE 6.20: RESULTS FOR ODOUR COMPONENTS (IN MG/M3) ................................................................... 77

TABLE 6.21: AIR QUALITY DATA FOR 8 DISTRICTS (ANNUAL AVERAGE IN MGIM3) ................................................................... 78

TABLE 7.1: SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC & TOTAL LOAD CALCULATED FOR THE GUANGZHOU CATCHMENTS .................................................... 82

TABLE 7.2: SUMMARY OF TOTAL HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIES IN THE GUANGZHOU CATCHMENTS ...................................................... 82

TABLE 7.3: DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE OVERALL IMPACT STUDY ........................................................... 95

TABLE 7.4: CL- DISTRIBUTION PER SECTIONS AFTER SETTING-UP OF E COEFFICIENT ................................................................... 102

TABLE 7.5: INCREASE OF CONCENTRATION IN THE LIEDE MIXING ZONE FOR CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3-N (MGIL) .......................................... 107

TABLE 7.6: INCREASE OF CONCENTRATION IN THE DASHADI MIXING ZONE FOR CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3-N (MGIL). .. 112

TABLE 7.7: ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY IN GUANGZHOU ................................................................... 113

TABLE 7.8: EVALUATION STANDARDS FOR ODOURS ................................................................... 114

TABLE 7.9: MONITORING RESULTS FOR LIEDE 1 AND DATANSHA ................................................................... 114

TABLE 7.10: DISTANCES OF MONITORING SPOTS TO POLLUTION SOURCE ................................................................... 115

TABLE 7.11: NH3 AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR FAST WIND VELOCITY (2.3 MIS) .................................................. 116

TABLE 7.12: NH3 AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR SLOW WIND VELOCITY (1.5 M/S) ................................................. 116

TABLE7.13:MAXIMUMCONCENTRATIONOFNH3ANDH2SAT35 MFROMFACILITY ....................................................................... 117

TA BLE 7.14: PROBABLE FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS OF NH3 AND H2S .117

TABLE 7.15: DISTANCES OF MONITORING SPOTS TO POLLUTION SOURCE .118

TABLE 7.16: NH3AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR FAST WIND VELOCITY (2.3 MIS) .120

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 PAGE VIl 2003- NOVEMBER



TABLE 7,17: NH3 AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR SLOW WIND VELOCITY (1.5 MIS) ................................................. 120

TABLE 7.18: MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF NH3AND H2SAT 35 M FROM FACILITY ... 121

TABLE 7.19: PROBABLE FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS OF NH3AND H2S ... 121

TABLE 7.20: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH ODOURS FOR THE 2 WWTP ... 122

TABLE 7.21: NOISE VALUE OF MAIN MACHINES DB(A) ... 124

TABLE 7.22: THE MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN NOISE SOURCES TO SENSITIVE POINT ... 124

TABLE 7.23: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH NOISE FOR THE 2 WWTP ... 125

TABLE 7.24: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH NOISE FOR THE NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH DASHADI & LIEDE 3 .125

TABLE 7.25: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH NOISE FOR THE 4 NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH DATANSHA, LIEDE, XILANG & LIJIAO.126

TABLE 7.26: NOISE MONITORING RESULTS FOR THE LIEDE SITE UNIT: DB (A) .129

TABLE 7.27: NOISE IMPACT FORECAST FOR LIEDE UNIT: DB (A) .130

TABLE 7.28: NOISE MONITORING RESULTS FOR DASHADI SITE UNIT: DB (A) .132

TABLE 7.29: N OISE IMPACT FORECAST FOR DASHADI UNIT: DB (A) .132

TABLE 7.30: ESTIMATE OF SPOIL PRODUCTION (EARTH SPOIL ONLY) .133

TABLE 7.31: EXPECTED SLUDGE PRODUCTION BY 2004 .138

TABLE 7.32: DAILY SOLID WASTE PRODUCTION FROM LIEDE 3 AND DASHADI I WWTP (TONSIDAY) . 38

TABLE 7.33: COMPOSITION OF SLUDGE FROM WWTP .139

TABLE 7.34: COMPOSITION OF SLUDGE FROM WWTP .141

TABLE 7.35: PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION .143

TABLE 7.36: ESTIMATED NUMBER OF AFFECTED PEOPLE .144

TABLE 8.1: SCHEDULE FOR ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES. 157

TABLE 8.2: ACTIVITIES FOR CONSTRUCTION SITE MONITORING .160

TABLE 8.3: ACTIVITIES FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING. 162

TABLE 8.4: ACTIVITIES FOR NOISE AND AIR QUALITY MONITORING .163

TABLE 8.5: TENTATIVE OPERATION BUDGET FOR EMP .165

TABLE 8.6: DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET PERCENTAGES FOR CONTRACTOR'S OBLIGATIONS .166

TABLE 9.1: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR WWTP SITES .168

TABLE 9.2: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR LIJIAO NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT.............. ..................170

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 PAGE ViII 2003- NOVEMBER



TABLE 9.3: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR XILANG NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT ...................................................... 170

TABLE 9.4: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR LIEDE 1-2 NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT ................................................... 171

TABLE 9.5: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR DATANSHA NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT ................................................. 171

TABLE 9.6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER COMPONENT ............................... 174

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 2.1: GENERAL MAP OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AND ESTUARY ......................................................................... 5

FIGURE 2.2: INSTALLED WWTP CAPACITY AFTER COMPLETION OF THE PRD ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN (2010) ............................ 8

FIGURE 2.3: REVISED GUANGZHOU WWTP MASTER PLAN (2002) ......................................................................... 8

FIGURES 4.1: IMPACT WITHOUT THE PROJECT ......................................................................... 21

FIGURES 4.2: COMPARISON OF THREE OPTIONS FOR EASTERN GUANGZHOU SEWERAGE ........................................................................ 21

FIGURES 4.2: POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, AS TREATMENT & BASELINE CONDITIONS -LONG PROFILE 1 . . 33



FIGURE 5.1 : GENERAL LOCATION OF WASTEWATER PROJECT COMPONENTS ........................................................................ 37

FIGURE 5.2 : PROPOSED LIEDE 3 SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION ........................................................................ 42

FIGURE 5.3 : LIEDE WWTP TREATMENT PROCESS (A20) ........................................................................ 43

FIGURE 5.4: LIEDE WWTP SITE LAYOUT ........................................................................ 43

FIGURE 5.5 : PROPOSED DASHADI 1 SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION ........................................................................ 44

FIGURE 5.6: DASHADI I WWTP TREATMENT PROCESS (A20) ........................................................................ 45

FIGURE 5.7: DASHADI I WWTP TREATMENT PLANT LAYOUT ................................... 4.........................5.......... ................. .45

FIGURE 5.8: DATANSHA SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION ................................... 47

FIGURE 5.9: LIEDE 1-2 SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION ................................... 47

FIGURE 5.10: XILANG SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION .................................... 48

FIGURE 5.11 : LIJIA O SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION .................................... 48

FIGURE 6.1: WATER QUALITY, AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND AIR QUALITY SURVEY AREAS FOR LIEDE 3 . .................................... 59

FIGURE 6.2: WATER QUALITY, AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND AIR QUALITY SURVEY AREAS FOR DASHADI 1 . .................................................... 59

FIGURE 6.3 : WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS OF THE PRD ............................................................ 64

FIGURE 6.4: WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS OF THE GUANGZHOU BRANCHES OF PRD ............................................................ 64

FIGURE 6.5: PRESENT WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF RIVER REACHES ............................................................ 69

FIGURE 6.6 : WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES OF RIVER REACHES ............................................................ 69

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE X 2003 - NOVEMBER


OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER Cr l JE IJT-.

FIGURE 6.7: WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR LIEDE 3 WWTP .................................................................... 71

FIGURE 6.8 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR DASHADI 1 WWTP .................................................................... 71

FIGURE 6.9: WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT .................................................................. 72

FIGURE 6.10: AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR LIEDE 3 .................................................................... 76

FIGURE 6.11 AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR DASHADI 1 .................................................................... 76

FIGURE 6.12: AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT .................................................................... 79

FIGURE 7.1: TOPOLOGY OF ORIGINAL GUANGZHOU SECTION MODEL .................................................................... 84

FIGURE 7.2: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HUANGSHA .................................................................... 85

FIGURE 7.3: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANGSHA .................................................................... 85

FIGURE 7.4: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HUANG PU ZUO .................................................................. 86

FIGURE 7.5: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANG PU ZUO .................................................................... 86

FIGURE 7.6: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HAIXINSHA .................................................................... 87

FIGURE 7.7: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HAIXINSHA .................................................................... 87

FIGURE 7.8: CATCHMENT SUBDIVISION FOR LOAD CALCULATION .................................................................... 89

FIGURE 7.9 : SUBDIVISION OF TOTAL DISCHARGE BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC SOURCES ........................................................... 90

FIGURE 7.10 : SUBDIVISION OF TOTAL COD LOADS BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC SOURCES ........................................................ 90

FIGURE 7.11 : MONITORING STATIONS .................................................................... 91

FIGURE 7.12: DEFINITION OF MODEL AND LONG PROFILES .................................................................... 91

FIGURE 7.13: POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE I .................................................................... 92

FIGURE 7.14: POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE 2 .................................................................... 93

FIGURE 7.15: POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE 3 .................................................................... 94

FIGURE 7.16: POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS -LONG PROFILE 1 ................................................................. 97



FIGURE 7.19: LIEDE OUTFALL: EVOLUTION OF CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3 .EBB TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION .. .103

FIGURE 7.20: LIEDE OUTFALL: EVOLUTION OF CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3 . FLOOD TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION ....................................... 104

FIGURE 7.21 : LIEDE OUTFALL: EVOLUTION OF CODCR, BOD5AND NH3I.EBBTIDE&ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE ..................................... 105

FIGURE 7.22: LIEDE OUTFALL: EVOLUTION OF CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3 . FLOOD TIDE & ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE ................................. 106

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE XI 2003 - NOVEMBER



FIGURE 7.23: DASHADI OUTFALL : EVOLUTION OF CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3 EBB TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION ...................................... 108

FIGURE 7.24: DASHADI OUTFALL: EVOLUTION OF CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3 FLOOD TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION .................................. 109

FIGURE 7.25: DASHADI OUTFALL: EVOLUTION OF CODcR, BOD5 AND NH3 EBB TIDE & ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE ................................ 110

FIGURE 7.26: DASHADI OUTFALL : EVOLUTION OF CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3 FLOOD TIDE & ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE ............................ 111

FIGURE 7.27: AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR LIEDE 3 ...................................................................... 119

FIGURE 7.28: AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR DASHADI 1 ...................................................................... 119

FIGURE 7.29: NOISE MONITORING SITES ...................................................................... 131

FIGURE 7.30: SPOIL DUMP SITES IN RELATION To THE LIEDE 3 & DASHADI SUB-COMPONENTS ........................................................... 135

FIGURE 7.31: SPOIL DUMP SITES IN RELATION To NETWORK SUB-COMPONENTS ...................................................................... 136

FIGURE 7.32 : TRANSPORT ROUTES To SPOIL DUMP SITES ...................................................................... 137

FIGURE 7.33: DATANSHA NETWORK EXTENSION: SENSITIVE AREAS ...................................................................... 148

FIGURE 7.34 :LIJIAO NETWORK EXTENSION: SENSITIVE AREAS.................................................................................149

FIGURE 7.35: DASHADI NETWORK EXTENSION: SENSITIVE AREAS ...................................................................... 150

FIGURE 7.36: LIEDE NETWORK EXTENSION: SENSITIVE AREAS .............. 1..................................................... 151

FIGURE 7.37: XILANG NETWORK EXTENSION: SENSITIVE AREAS .............................................................. 152

FIGURE 8.1: PROPOSED ORGANIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .............................................................. 156

FIGURE 8.2: COMMUNICATION, REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART ................................................. 159

LIST OF PHOTO PLATES

PHOTO PLATE 1: VIEWS OF LIEDE EXTENSION SITE AND SECTIONS OF SHAHE CREEK IN TIANHE DISTRICT .................................................. 39

PHOTO PLATE 2: VIEWS OF DASHADI I PROPOSED SITES .............................................................. 46

PHOTO PLATE 3: VIEWS OF DATANSHA SERVICE AREA (SECTOR OF ZHUDAO GARDEN, LIWAN DISTRICT) ................................................... 49

PHOTO PLATE 4: VIEWS OF XILANG SERVICE AREA (SECTOR OF CHAJIAO CREEK AND HUADI RIVER) ........................................................ 50

PHOTO PLATE 5: VIEWS OF LIJIAO SERVICE AREA (SECTOR OF DONGSHIAO RD & HEFENG VILLAGE) ......................................................... 51

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE Xll 2003 - NOVEMBER



ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND UNITS

BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days)COD Chemical Oxygen DemandCSEMP Construction Site Environmental Management PlanEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEMP Environmental Management and Monitoring PlanEMS Environmental Monitoring StationEPB Environmental Protection Bureau (of SEPA)EPB-GD Guangdong Provincial EPBEPB-GZ Guangzhou Municipal EPBESD PMO-Environmental and Social DivisionESFI Environmental and Social Field InspectorGEF Global Environment FacilityGIS Geographic Information SystemGPG Guangdong Provincial GovernmentGPRDUEP Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban Environment ProjectHWMC Hazardous Waste Management CenterISO 14001 Quality Standard for Environmental Management SystemMNR Municipal Nature ReserveNCP Nuisance Control PlanNGO Non-Government OrganizationNNR National Nature ReservePAP Project Affected PersonPIU Project Implementation UnitPMO Project Management OfficePPE Personal Protective EquipmentPRC People's Republic of ChinaPRWRC Pearl River Water Resources CommissionPRWRC-EMB PRWRC-Environmental Monitoring BureauRAP Resettlement Action PlanSA Social AnalysisSDPC State Development Planning CommitteeSEPA State Environmental Protection AdministrationSNE Sewer Network ExtensionSRS Standard Site Inspection Review SheetSS Suspended SolidsTA Technical AssistanceWB World BankWWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

CURRENCIES

RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi)USD United States Dollar

Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8 RMB

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 PAGE XiII 2003 - NOVEMBER



1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT PROJECT

Since the opening up of China in 1979, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region has witnessedphenomenal economic growth. Both the total population and the urbanization rate have increasedequally rapidly. Over the period 1990 to 2000 the population in the PRD rose by almost 7% toalmost 40 million inhabitants, largely due to inward migration of workers seeking employment.However, investment in environmental control has not kept pace, as evidenced by the severedeterioration in river water quality conditions during the period, and the resulting severe pollutionand eutrophication observed in the lower delta and in the China sea.

Recognizing the severity and the urgency of the water quality problems, Guangdong ProvincialEnvironmental Protection Bureau (EPB-GD) has recently launched an ambitious eight yearinvestment program totalling almost 45 Billion RMB known as the "Pearl River Clean-UpCampaign".

It is in this context that the World Bank and Guangdong Provincial Government has launched theGuangdong Pearl River Delta Urban Environmental Project (GPRDUEP). Although concentratingpredominantly in terms of infrastructure investment in the Municipality of Guangzhou, the projectaims primarily at developing cost-effective strategies and institutional models which can serve as a"blue-print" for the whole PRD Region.

Among the WB supported project components, the infrastructure development program includes 5subcomponents:* Construction of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Dashadi, together with its trunk sewer

network;* Construction of the Phase 3 of the Liede WWTP, together with the extension of its trunk sewer

network;

* Upgrading and improvement of Guangzhou sewer etwork in four wastewater systems;* Construction of a regional Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility and Landfill.* Inter-Municipal environmental infrastructure

1.2. GENERAL BACKGROUND FOR EA

1.2.1. CLASSIFICATION OF EA

In accordance with PRC National Regulations and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 relatedto Environmental Assessment, the concerned wastewater components of the Project fall under theCategory A project and as such, they require full EA.

1.2.2. PRINCIPLE AND METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED

The project technical and financial preparation was carried out by Chinese local organisations andhas been supported by various sources of international assistance to GPRDUEP, includingSOGREAH, the Design Review and Advisory (DRA) Consultant to the Guangdong ProjectManagement Office (PMO), the responsible institution for the overall preparation of the project.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE 1 2003- NOVEMBER



In accordance with the Government Regulation "Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) Management for the Construction Project Loaned by International Finance Organisation" ofJune 21, 1993 and the World Bank Safeguards Operational Policy, the Project PMO, hascommissioned the Guangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Protection (GRIEP) to carry outthe EA studies for the wastewater components.

This overall environmental assessment for GPRDUEP has therefore been carried out by theGRIEP with the assistance of the DRA Consultant; this overall assessment is based on the EIAstudies carried out by the GRIEP for the individual components of the project:* EIA for Dashadi Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and related sewer network,* EIA for Liede Stage 3 WWTP and related sewer network,* EIA for Guangzhou sewer network upgrading and improvement in four wastewater systems.

Similarly, Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) for each of these 3 subcomponents have been carriedout by the Guangzhou Road Expansion and Engineering Office, in accordance with the PRCregulations and the World Bank Safeguards, and an overall RAP has been prepared with theassistance of the DRA Consultant.

1.2.3. COVERAGE OF EA

This EA has been carried out strictly in accordance with the State and Guangzhou laws, codes andcriteria relating to environmental protection. It follows the Chinese EA system, whilst at the sametime gives attention to the technical demands of international financial organisations. In practicethis means meeting the requirements of the World Bank's environmental safeguards, and moreprecisely those of the Operational Policy 4.01 for EA.

The EA is based on the collection and use of existing materials and data supplementing missingmaterial by field investigations.

This Overall Environmental Assessment analyzes present environmental situation, potentialimpacts of project implementation and proposes mitigation measures in relation to the 3wastewater subcomponents: the Dashadi WWTP, the Liede 3 WWTP and the sewer networkupgrading.

A modelling of the PRD has been carried out by the DRA Consultant in order to assess the level ofimprovement of the river water quality which may be expected from the whole GPRDUEP andparticularly from the components considered under the World Bank Loan.

1.3. LAYOUT OF EA REPORT

The following chapters of this report present the detailed analyses conducted as part of the OverallEnvironmental Assessment.

* Chapter 2 Presents the Strategic Framework for the present project, including the largescale initiatives for Pearl River Delta depollution;

* Chapter 3 Discusses the policy, legal and administrative framework within which the EA hasbeen conducted describing both the environmental requirements of the PRC andthe World Bank

* Chapter 4 Provides a summary technical presentation of the proposed wastewatersubcomponents;

* Chapter 5 Describes the background environmental and social conditions (physical,biological and socio-economic conditions) within which the project componentsare situated, both on a regional scale and on a site specific scale;

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE 2 2003 - NOVEMBER



* Chapter 6 Provides predictions and assessment of likely positive and negative impacts withrelated mitigation requirements;

* Chapter 7 Compares feasible alternatives to the proposed project components, including the"without-project" scenario;

* Chapter 8 Provides a summary of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP, prepared asa separate document) covering mitigation measures, monitoring and institutionalstrengthening as well as activities and budget;

* Chapter 9 Describes the public participation activities;

* Chapter 10 Provides concluding remarks and recommendations.

The report is accompanied by a series of Appendices covering the following topics* APPENDIX 1: List of EA Preparers* APPENDIX 2: References* APPENDIX 3: Environmental Standards in PRC* APPENDIX 4: Data on Water Quality* APPENDIX 5: Near Field Model Calibration and Simulation Results* APPENDIX 6: Industrial waste water in the Guangzhou Catchments* APPENDIX 7: Measurement of wastewater sludge quality




2. STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK

2.1. GENERAL

The Pearl River, or Zhujiang River, system is China's third longest river, after the Yangtze andYellow Rivers. The Pearl River has three principal tributaries, namely, the Xijiang River, BeijiangRiver and Dongjiang River. It also receives input from several other small tributaries within thePearl River Delta. Its average annual flow rate of approximately 10,000 cubic meters per second(m3/s) is exceeded only by the Yangtze River. It is 2,214 km long and drains an area of453,690 kM2, most of which is in China and a small part of which is in Vietnam. Parts of theprovinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi drain to the Pearl Riversystem.

The Pearl River discharges into the South China Sea through eight distributaries. The four eastern-most distributaries discharge their waters into the Lingdingyang. Hong Kong is situated to the eastof the Lingdingyang, which shall be referred to as the "Pearl River Estuary". The Pearl RiverEstuary receives 53% of the river runoff, i.e., about 5,300 m3/s of average flow rate. (Figure 2.1).

Development during the past centuries in the Pearl River watershed has resulted in increasedrunoff and sediments to the river, primarily from agricultural and deforestation activities in earlytimes. More recently, urbanization and industrial development greatly increased the pollution loadflowing to the river. The phenomenal development in the Pearl River Delta during the past 20 yearshas resulted in heavy pollution in the lower reaches of the river and has affected the estuary.

Several programs or projects for pollution control and abatement in the Pearl River and in itsestuary have been or are currently under consideration:* The Pearl River Estuary Pollution Project* The Guangdong PRD Urban Environmental Strategic Plan* The Guangzhou WasteWater Plan* The Guangdong PRD Urban Environment Project* Supporting initiatives: Animal Waste Reduction Project (GEF), Industrial Pollution Control Plan.

2.2. THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY POLLUTION PROJECT (PREPP)

The objective of the (PREPP) is to use a combination of traditional and new technologies to gain asolid understanding of the status of selected toxic pollutants, sediment, phytoplankton and nutrientlevels in the Pearl River Estuary. Given the dramatic growth of industry and population in the area,this information was urgently needed to ensure that government pollution monitoring and controlstrategies were in line with the most serious threats to ecology and human health in thisecosystem. The PREPP was conceived at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST), and started officially early 1999, after being awarded HK$18,000,000 grant by the HongKong Jockey Club.

A comprehensive data gathering involved the most updated technological tools. Water andsediment samples were collected from a research vessel with a fleet of small and from a network ofinstruments installed in various locations to collect field data, and including automatic sampling andanalysis for the measurement of dissolved oxygen, pH values, turbidity and chlorophyllconcentration.


FIGURE 2.1: GENERAL MAP OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AND ESTUARY

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35 5073

, -. * ~~~~~GENERAL MAP OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AND ESTUARY FIGURE N° 2.1SOGREAH E,



Remote sensing technology was also used to capture details about the coastal environment. Astation was installed to receive images from NOAA-AVHRR. These images provide temporalcomparison of sea surface temperature, suspended sediment and other parameters. Also, acoastal radar system measures the ocean current on the horizontal surface area.

A coastal ocean mathematical model was then developed and used for assessing the presentdistribution of pollution load in the area and for the prediction of water quality and otherenvironmental parameters in the future. However, a key weakness of the pollution model comesfrom the difficult access for the scientists to have to the data related to pollution loads measured bythe various agencies in the PRD. The present EA and more specially the water quality modellinginitiated under the DRA Consultant assistance, may provide an effective link between the worksdone on the sea side and those performed on the river, and allow Hong Kong scientists a moreaccurate calibration of their model with more benefits from its results.

A real-time Geographical Information System (GIS) integrating all data has been developed. Thewater quality situation display is expected to provide real-time, tactical and strategic information onthe environmental quality of the waters in the Pearl River Estuary, and to provide the possibility toissue scientifically based biological alerts when the risk of harmful algal blooms (resulting from therapid eutrophication of the estuary) becomes critical.

2.3. THE GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN

This strategic plan covers the Pearl River Basin in Guangdong Province with a total area of112,000 km2. Two time horizons are set, a short term horizon (2005) and a longer term horizon(2010), for which the objectives to achieve are the followings:* Year 2005

- Protection of water quality in major lakes, reservoirs, rivers, seawater near the coast;- Quality of drinking water sources meet the standards;- 75% of river reaches from national and provincial water bodies and from rivers inside

urban areas satisfy their water quality objectives;- 85% of industrial wastewater is treated to meet standards;- 40% of domestic wastewater is treated to meet standards;- In large cities, 60% or more of domestic wastewater is treated to meet standards- In cities of the PRD, 50% of domestic wastewater is treated to meet standards- Investment for the environmental protection to reach 2.5% of the GDP.

* Year 2010- Major surface water bodies and coastal seawater to satisfy their functional water quality

objectives;- Xijiang, Beijiang, Dongjiang and major branches of PRD show good water quality;- All the public drinking water source meet standards;- 80% of river reaches from national and provincial water bodies and from rivers inside

urban areas satisfy their water quality objectives;- 90% of industrial wastewater is treated to meet standards;- 60% of domestic wastewater has to be treated to meet the regulation- In cities of the PRD and economical zones, 70% of domestic wastewater is treated to

meet standards- Investment for the environmental protection to reach 3% of the GDP.

The achievement of these objectives would be coordinated by the implementation of a waterpollution control plan covering four major aspects:




* Industrial Pollution Control consisting of the control of key industrial pollution source in themain industrial sectors. All cities and counties should monitor and control the discharge of keyindustries (179 industries listed);

* Domestic Wastewater Treatment consisting of 163 projects of domestic WWTP to beconstructed by 2010. At completion, the total capacity of these WWTP will be about12.23 million m3/day (in addition to the existing wastewater treatment capacity);

* Agricultural and Poultry Pollution Control, consisting in the application of existing Guidelinesfrom SEPA and Guangdong EPB, in the relocation of all poultry industries from urban to ruralareas and on the ban of any new poultry farm within a water supply resource catchment of thePRD.

* River Rehabilitation consisting of 3 major fields of action:- Integrated Rehabilitation of key rivers: Pearl River Guangzhou section, Foshanshuidao,

Shenzhenhe river, Qijianghe river, Jiangmenhe river, Tianshahe river, Nongganghe river,Pingshanhe river, Dongguan canal, Dongpuhe river.

- Integrated water pollution control and management in municipal areas of Guangzhou andFoshan, and in the Shimahe river basin. Fifteen integrated rehabilitation projects areidentified for a total estimated investment of about 15.9 billion RMB;

- Integrated Rehabilitation of Urban creeks: in every city, at least one heavily polluted creekmust be rehabilitated by the year 2003;

- Domestic Solid Waste Treatment: No open domestic dumping site is allowed along theriver side, but lined landfill sites will be required. Recycling and other treatment processeswill be promoted. A total of 8 domestic landfill facilities will be constructed for a totalinvestment of 1.814 billion RMB;

- Ecosystem development and protection: To follow the "national guideline for eco-environmental protection". Preparation of plans for river basin protection, water resourceprotection, and soil protection (total of 3 projects for 1.24 billion RMB)

As presented in the following table, the proposals outlined in the Strategic Plan represent a totalinvestment of approximately 44 Billion RMB (or 5.35 Billion USD) an concern mainly wastewatertreatment and rehabilitation of key rivers.

TABLE 2.1: INVESTMENT PLAN OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN

Component Investment

RMB (10,000) Million USDPhase 1: at least 98 WWTP 1 393 541 1 687Phase 2: further 88 new WWTP or extensions 1 122 500 1 359Renovation of Key Rivers 1 594 680 1 931Solid Waste Engineering 181 400 220Ecosystem Protection 124 000 150Water Quality Management/InformationSystems 7 600 9Total Investment 4423 721 5 356

An illustration of the installed wastewater treatment capacity in the region at the Horizon 2010 isdepicted on a map in Figure 2.2.


.4~~~~~~~~4

s? - r _Ax Os \ - t > _/

f g 't~~ * t -. l1 *t sv *

e I_s b t ~..* 0 .*Q X

C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A

*x,o si !W) a7# ,

FIGURE 2.2 INSTALLED WWTP CAPACITY AFTER COMPLETION OF THE PRD ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN (2010)

I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A v

,, : ./ ,,8 ~~~~ ... .- 1*

,~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ * *, * .r ,;

:~~~~~~~~~~' - *a3., . ..- ,-. _,

*~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ eg't_

I ii r :r .i 4 A ;

FIGURE 2.3: REVISED GUANGZHOU WWTP MASTER PLAN (2002)

PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35__5073

/ ~~~~PRD ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN (201 0) AND FIGURES'SOGREAH GUANGZHOU WWTP MASTER PLAN (2002) N . .



2.4. THE GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER PLAN

The basis of the current infrastructure and proposals for investment can be traced back to theGuangzhou Wastewater Master Plan (1988). This document proposed the division of Guangzhouinto 12 independent sewage systems with independent treatment plants. Since that period, severalimprovements and modification to this plan have been proposed by the Guangzhou MunicipalEngineering Design and Research Institute. According to the most up-dated information available,the wastewater plan for Guangzhou may be summarized as follows. This masterplan was thestarting point for the preparation of the current project.

TABLE 2.2: PROPOSED WWTP CAPACrTIES ACCORDING TO THE REVISED GUANGZHOU MASTER PLAN (2002)

Treatment Plant 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Datansha 300 000 520 000 850 000 850 000 850 000

Liede 220 000 510 000 810 000 810 000 810 000

Lijiao 200 000 500 000 500 000 500 000

Xilang 200 000 200 000 200 000 200 000

Economic Zone 30 000 30 000 30 000 30 000 30 000

Dashadi 500 000 500 000 500 000

Yunpu 200 000 200 000 200 000

Science Park 85 000 85 000 85 000

Total 550 000 1 460 000 3 175 000 3 175 000 3 175 000

Five WVVTP have been implemented (or are presently under construction), namely:- Datansha WWTP (Phases I and 11 completed; Phase IlIl under construction);- Liede WWTP (Phase I completed; Phase II under construction);- Xilang WWTP (Under construction);- Lijiao WWTP (Under construction);- Guangzhou Economic Zone WWTP (Phase 1 completed).

The Revised Guangzhou WWTP Master Plan is depicted on Figure 2.3.

2.5. THE GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT

2.5.1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The development objectives of the Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Project(GPRDUEP) proposed for financing by the World Bank are to i) support environmentalimprovements in PRD, ii) provide a safe environmental setting for the sustainable long-termeconomic growth of the main urban areas of PRO, iii) enhance river basin management anddecision-making in metropolitan Guangzhou, and iv) promote regional and inter-municipal planningand investments (leading to improved cost effectiveness in investment financing).




The main project objective is to provide a safe environmental setting for the long-term economicgrowth of Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta economic region, to sustain economic andindustrial growth. Specific objectives are to: (a) enhance and rationalize provision of wastewatertreatment, water supply, municipal solid waste management, human waste and storm watermanagement on a rational regional planning approach; (b) reduce industrial pollution, and improvepollution control; (c) strengthen water quality monitoring; (d) improve municipal, wastewater utilityfinancial management; (e) introduce innovative financing instruments to raise capital funds forinvestments; and (e) support capacity building, feasibility studies, and future investment projectpreparation for urban environmental improvements.

2.5.2. PROJECT MAIN COMPONENTS

Project components proposed to be included in the proposed project are: (a) GuangzhouWastewater Management, comprising wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of capacity200,000 m3/d each at Dashadi (new plant) and Liede III (expansion of existing plant), about1000 km of trunk sewers in six drainage areas, and technical support to an ongoing public toiletprogram in Guangzhou, (b) Inter-Municipal Environmental Infrastructure for at least two groups ofcities, districts or towns, (c) Hazardous Waste Management facility to treat wastes from Guangzhouand neighbouring municipalities, (d) Environmental Water Quality Monitoring and MIS, and (e)Capacity Building, Training and Technical Studies.

2.6. OTHER SUPPORTING INITIATIVES

2.6.1. ACTION PLAN FOR LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT

Livestock-and in particular pig-production is an important source of water and air pollution in thePearl River Delta (PRD). China has about 43 percent of the world population of pigs, and pigdensity in the PRD is one of the highest of China. Increasing demand and urbanization areexpected to further increase this demand for animal products. However already today, pig manureis reportedly equivalent to about 40 percent of the volume of industrial waste, and the amount ofwaste from pigs in PRD is about the same as from humans.

While specific information on its effect on the water quality is not available for PRD, the CODdischarged from livestock into the total network of tributaries to the South and East China Sea isestimated to be equivalent to about 27 percent of the total COD discharges of industrial and humanwaste (1996 figures). It is expected that this figure will increase to about 90 percent by the year2010. Any effort to address water and air pollution in PRD therefore has to take into account thepollution caused by livestock production.

A project to be proposed for GEF grant support and called Livestock Waste Management in EastAsia is currently under preparation with the assistance of a GEF PDF (Project development fund)by the FAO. This project addresses the livestock waste management issues in selected regions of3 countries, Vietnam, Thailand and China. For China, it is anticipated to select the PRD region.

The preparation of the proposed Action Plan is proposed to be developed in collaboration with thepreparation and implementation of the proposed GEF "" Project.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 PAGE 1 0 2003-NOVEMBER



It is therefore proposed that the project would prepare an Action Plan for Livestock WasteManagement, as part of the Guangdong PRD Urban Environment Project and in coordination withthe GEF current project, to prevent and substantially reduce livestock induced water and airpollution. Such Action Plan would provide: (a) identification of priority intervention areas based ondetailed baseline information on livestock-pollution; (b) a detailed inventory of the main currentpolicies and institutions related to the environmental effects of livestock production and theidentification of the main needs for strengthening of regulation and their enforcement; (c) theidentification of possible areas for future growth in livestock production; and (d) detailed investmentplans for the mitigation of current livestock-induced pollution, specifying priority intervention areas,the most appropriate types of technologies to be applied, their costs and their financing.

2.6.2. GUANGZHOU INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL ACTION PLAN

Over the past decade, Guangzhou has made significant progress in reducing industrial pollution,however, industrial pollution continues to increase. Industrial wastewater loads accounted for 20-30% of the total urban wastewater. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) loading was 30,000 tonnesin 2000. Industrial pollution is a major factor leading to pollution of Guangzhou section, Pearl River.

As single industries can contribute the pollution loading of over 1,000,000 equivalent-population, anindustrial pollution control program must be developed alongside any municipal wastewatertreatment program if tangible water quality improvements are being sought in the Guangzhousection of the Pearl River.

The main polluting industries which were so far identified based on the discharge rates of COD,which is highly detrimental to the environment. The top 5 polluters are: Guangzhou PapermakingCorporation, Ltd.; Wei Da Gao Papermaking Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou Steel and Iron Co. Ltd.; ChinaPetrochemical Corp.; and the Guangzhou MSG Co. Ltd.. Their combined COD release into theriver was 15,289 tons in 2000 and accounted for 51% of the total industrial COD discharged. TheGuangzhou EPB's target is to reduce COD by 51 % by 2005 to 7,753 tons.

Within the catchments of Liede and Dashadi, the main polluting industries have been identified assummarised in Appendix 6. A number of these industries, such as the HuangPu Power Plantwould not discharge to the wastewater system and would be continue to be controlled andregulated by the EPB; those industries which would discharge to the wastewater network would becontrolled by the trade waste/pollution control department of the Guangzhou WastewaterCompany.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 PAGE 11 2003 - NOVEMBER



3. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

3.1. NATIONAL POLICIES AND TARGETS

China's vision for the future conditions of the environment has been expressed by SEPA': "Thevision is that within the next decades, polluted and toxic rivers and waters will again be clear, theair will be clean and fresh to breathe, the soils will be fertile, the forests will grow and be healthy,and the natural resources shall be used in a way that ensures there is enough also for futuregenerations."

This vision concords with that of the World Bank in their policy document for China's Environmentin the 21st century entitled "Clear Water, Blue Skies" (1997). Both visions embody the concepts of"sustainable development" and "environmental regeneration" at the heart of the World Bank'sLending Policy in which sustainable development is a requirement that all projects must meet.

China has put the issue of environmental protection as one of its fundamental policies to guaranteea sustainable development of the nation in the 21 st century. The Chinese government has drawn upthree main principles for pollution control:* Prevention first and combining prevention with control,* Polluters pay, and* Strong environmental regulatory framework

Prevention should be achieved by the obligation to carry out environmental impact assessments forall new projects and by the "three-at-a-same-time" system by which pollution prevention andcontrol should be carried out simultaneously with the planning, the construction and the putting intooperation of new projects. A regulatory framework has been set up, including laws forenvironmental protection and prevention and control of water pollution, standards for emission ofpollutants and regulations concerning environmental fines for units that exceed the set limits.

The water pollution control issues have been given attention in the Tenth Five-Year Plan.Particular concern is given to the surface water quality, to the water shortages and to the industrialpollution from large industries as well as from Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs).

The China Trans-Century Green Project is an important component part of the National Ninthand Tenth Five-year Plan for Environment Protection and the long-term Target for the Year 2010. Itis a concrete plan with specific projects and key areas, designed to organise the relevantdepartments, localities and enterprises and pool financial and material resources in carrying out aseries of project measures with regard to some key regions ,major basins and vital environmentalproblems and in conformity with the implementation of international conventions ,wages severalgreat campaigns, promote the work as a whole and declare war on environmental pollution andecological destruction under control by and large and improve the environmental quality of somecities and regions at the end of this century and gradually attain the general objectives ofenvironmental protection in China in 2010 (SEPA).

"The Green Project", spanning 15 years ,is divided into three phases . The first phase ransimultaneously with the "Ninth Plan", that is between the year 1996 and 2000. The second andthird Phases follow sequentially.

The principles for compiling a project under of the "Green Project" are:* Special attention is paid to major environmental problems;* Technology and economy are both feasible;

SEPA, 1998. State of the Environment in China




* Consideration must be given to environmental social and economic benefits;* "Polluter pays for the pollution"; the capital input is to be borne mainly by the localities and the

enterprises;* The implementation of every project will be regulated by the current investment management

system.

In November 1998, the State Council issued the National Ecological Environment ConstructionPlan. Based on ecological environment protection and conservation in China, this new planintroduced some important aspects related to terrestrial ecological environment conservation. Themain content of the plan included the protection of natural resources such as natural forests, treeand grass planting, water and soil conservation, desertification control. These activities should allbe carried out with particular emphasis on public participation and with the effective use of moderntechnologies.

3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND ROLES

3.2.1. NATIONAL LEVEL: EPC AND SEPA

3.2.1.1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COMMISSION (EPC)

This Commission, situated at the highest level of the central Government, has the function toformulate and issue laws and regulations for environmental protection and to put forward planningrequirements.

3.2.1.2. STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ADMINISTRATION (SEPA)

SEPA was set up as a ministry at the end of March 1998 when the National EnvironmentalProtection Agency (NEPA) was upgraded from a sub-ministry to a ministry level. Presently, SEPAis a ministerial-level authority directly under the State Council responsible for the environmentalprotection in China. Its main responsibilities are as follows:* To formulate national guidelines, policies, laws and regulations on environmental protection and

provide supervision over their implementation.* To work out national plans and programmes for environmental protection; to participate in the

formulation of medium and long-term programmes and annual plans for national economic andsocial development.

* To formulate and issue national standards for environmental protection.* To oversee environmental protection concerning the atmosphere, water, soil and oceans; to

provide supervision and management for the control and prevention of pollution.* To formulate and organize the implementation of national policies for environmental protection.* To supervise and administer the country's work in nature conservation and to make

programmes and plans for establishment of nature reserves, preparing and presentingproposals to the State Council for approval in establishing new national nature reserves.

* To organize the implementation of environmental management and enforcement, providemonitoring and perform environmental impact assessments.

* To manage and supervise environmental monitoring nationwide.* To direct and coordinate national education on environmental protection.* To assist in the formulation of China's basic principles on global environmental issues and to

participate in negotiations dealing with international conventions.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT ND 355073 PAGE 13 2003 - NOVEMBER



3.2.1.3. ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER FOR AGENDA 21

In 1992 and 1993, China developed a National Agenda 21 - White Paper on China's Population,Environment and Development in the 21st Century. A Leading Group co-chaired by a deputyminister of the State Science and Technology Commission and a deputy minister of the StatePlanning Commission was established in August 1992 to organise and coordinate the formulationand implementation of China's Agenda 21, which was approved by the State Council in March1994. In 1994, the State Council also issued a directive calling on government institutions at alllevels, to consider China's Agenda 21 as an overarching strategic guideline for the formulation ofeconomic and social development plans, and particularly to integrate it into the Five Year Plan(1996-2000), plans for the year 2010, and into day-to-day management.

Agenda 21 aims to solve pressing problems associated with population, natural resources,environment and development confronting the country. A priority programmes of the Centre will beincorporated into medium-and long-term national economic and social Development plansparticularly the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2006).

The priority programmes of China's Agenda 21 include 69 programmes in nine distinct groups,including some having a direct relationship with the present project as Cleaner Production andEnvironmental Protection Industry (Group3), Environmental Pollution Control (Group9).

An Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21 has been set up to coordinate and follow theimplementation of the Priority Program by the several institutions concerned.

3.2.2. PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL EPB

Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) at the level of the Province or of the Municipality are incharge of* Drafting local laws and regulations.* Issuing administrative regulations.* Organizing work on environmental monitoring and control.* Supervising the treatment of pollution.* Dealing with the major pollution incidents; and* Carrying out education and training in environmental protection.

3.2.3. PEARL RIVER WRC-EMB

The Pearl River Water Resources Commission was established in 1979. With its headquarter inGuangzhou, the Pearl River WRC employs nearly 1,000 employees. Since its establishment, theWRC has carried out major works concerning river basin planning, management and protection ofwater resources, prevention of flooding and drought, water and soil conservation, river mouthmanagement, development of beaches and wetlands resources, hydraulic research, engineeringmanagement, etc.

Description of PRWRC responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the implementation and supervision of Water Law and other laws andlegislations related to water. Responsible for making policies and legislations related to theriver basin.

2. Making comprehensive planning for river basin and responsible for its implementation;responsible for organizing water conservancy projects of the whole river basin controlling.




3. Responsible for the management of water resources of the river basin, including surfacewater and underground water. Organizing and coordinating hydrologic work of main riversand reaches; making report of the water resources of the river basin; making plans fordistribution of water resources among provinces and distribution plans in case of drought.

4. Responsible for protection of water resources of the whole river basin. Deciding differentusages of river reaches. Exerting controls over discharges to the protected areas ofdrinking water intakes. Deciding the environmental capacity of different waters. Makingproposals of controlling the whole discharges.

5. Responsible for the water quality monitoring of inter-provincial reaches of river and for theallocation of water resources among provinces and autonomous regions

6. Organising the making and implementing of flood and drought prevention plans.

7. Responsible for the development and management of rivers, lakes, reaches, beaches,wetlands etc within the river basin.

3.3. LEGAL ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK

3.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

3.3.1.1. EIA SUPPORTING LAWS & REGULATIONS

At National level

Since 2002, the EIA process in China is under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law (2002-10-28). Several other national laws and regulations provide a legal background to EIA:* Environmental Protection Law (1979 & 1989)* Regulation on the Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects (1986, 1998,

by the State Council)* Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, State Council, November

1998;* Regulations on the Certificate for the EIA of Construction Projects (1989 NEPA)* Regulations on Criteria for the Classification of Construction Project on a Large and Medium

Scale* Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment: Standards of Environmental Protection

Industry of the People's Republic of China, HJ/T2.1-2.3, 93* Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment: Non-pollution Ecological Impact (Standards

of Environmental Protection Industry of the People's Republic of China, HJ/T19, 1997)

Technical regulations for EIA consist of environmental quality standards, basic health standards,public safety standards, standards for controlling toxic and radioactive substances, and pollutantemission standards.

Except for the pollutants emission standards, local governments are not allowed to adopt their ownprescriptions in any of the other four categories having to follow the national regulations.

At Provincial and Municipal levels* Environmental Protection Guidelines for Construction Projects in Guangdong, Guangdong

People's Congress, No:57, 1994;* Environmental Protection Guidelines in Guangzhou, Standing Committee of Guangzhou

People's Congress, June 1997;

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 PAGE 15 2003- NOVEMBER



* Air Pollution Prevention Regulations in Guangzhou, Standing Committee of GuangzhouPeople's Congress, April, 1997;

* Noise Pollution Prevention Regulations in Guangzhou, Standing Committee of GuangzhouPeople's Congress, April 1997;

* Motor Vehicle Emission Prevention-and Control Regulations in Guangzhou, StandingCommittee of Guangzhou People's Congress, No.84, December 1997;

* Air quality zoning of Guangzhou urban area according to functional uses, Guangzhou MunicipalGovernment, No.23, 1999;

* Guangzhou drinking water sources pollution prevention guidelines, Standing Committee ofGuangzhou People's Congress, No.59, April 1997;

* Interim Guangdong surface water zoning according to environmental functions, Guangdongprovincial government, No.553, 1999;

* Management Regulation of Guangzhou Green Area, Standing Committee of GuangzhouPeople's Congress, December 1996;

* Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, Decree No. 253, StateCouncil, November 1998;

* Information to Enhance the EIA Management of Projects Funded by International BankingOrganizations, HJ (1993) No.324;

* Measures for Carrying out the Control of Pollution from New Construction Projects inGuangzhou Municipality (1984)

3.3.1.2. EIA PROCEDURES

Environmental regulations in China require developers to submit EIA reports to the EnvironmentalProtection Bureau and other concerned departments. Each EIA report must specify measures toensure that environmental standards are met in the design, construction, and operation phases

EIA reports must be prepared by specialists/institutions that hold a Certificate for Assessmentissued by either the State Environmental Protection Agency or a related provincial authority.

Legally, the environmental agencies at provincial or municipal levels have the authority to reviewand approve all EIA reports regardless of the project's scale. In practice, EIA reports for largeprojects are normally handled in conjunction with the SEPA which plays a leading role. Small andlocal projects with an investment under RMB 30 million are generally reviewed and approved bylocal environmental agencies (Environmental Protection Bureaus, EPBs).

For projects funded by such international institutions as the World Bank or the Asian DevelopmentBank, the EIA requirements are slightly different, with the obligation to fulfill also the requirementsof the concerned institution. In this case, two sets of documents are prepared, one followingChinese EIA regulations, the other following the requirements of the international funding agency.This is the situation of the present project. However, differences between both requirements arelimited, most of the requirements from both side being the same. Differences concern mainlyspecific points as the analysis of project alternative and systematic public hearing of targetpopulation and beneficiaries.

The provincial and municipal EPBs are in charge of monitoring the projects' progress and reportany irregularities to SEPA.

The EIA Stage

The core of the project's feasibility study is the EIA. In the scrutiny of the project proposal, theenvironmental agency will decide on the proper format of the EIA report. EPB screens the project inorder to decide which category the project belongs to.

The 3 categories are:* Category 1: Project with significant impacts for which full EIA is required




* Category 2: Project with limited impact and easy mitigation, for which only simplified EIA isrequired

* Category 3: Project with little or no impact for which only an EIA table to be filled is required.

The project proponent/owner will then commission an EA specialist/institution to prepare the Termsof Reference for the EA report (huanping dagang) to be approved by the Environment Agency(EPB, SEPA). Once it is approved, the project proponent will finalize a contract with the EIAspecialist/institution who will then prepare the EIA study and reports. The EIA report has to bedrafted with reference to local environmental quality standards and pollutants emission standards

Once finished, the EA report is first examined by the commercial and industrial authorities thathave jurisdiction over the project, followed by the Environmental Agency (EPBs, SEPA)

If the project is believed to have significant environmental impacts or to involve complicatedenvironmental issues, it can be requested the EIA specialist/institution testify before a panel ofexperts organized by the environmental agency. The environmental agency has the final authorityto accept or reject the EIA report

The "three synchronization" stage

The approval of EA report brings the project into the last stage of the process, the "threesynchronization" stage

The environmental agency will ensure that environmental prescriptions specified in the EA reportare followed in the project design, construction, and completion phases.

1. During the design phase, the proponent will prepare and submit to the environmentalagency the project's environmental plan which specifies actions for carrying out theenvironmental protection measures prescribed in the EA report and provides an investmentbudget;

2. During the construction phase, the construction contractor is required to provide regularreports on specific matters arising during construction, such as the difficulty in complyingwith emission standards for example

3. At the completion phase, the project proponent should submit an application for testoperation to the EPB and to other concerned municipal authorities.

3.3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS

Most of the following standards are detailed in Appendix 3: Environmental Quality Standards.

National standards for surface water quality previously enforced successively by GB3838-1983,and GB3838-1988 were recently revised in 2002 (GB3838-2002). The water bodies are divided intofive classes according to their utilization purposes and protection objectives:

* Class I is mainly applicable to spring water and to national nature reserves.* Class II is mainly applicable to first class of protected areas for main sources of drinking water,

for the protection areas of rare fish species, and for spawning grounds for fish and shrimp.* Class IlIl is mainly applicable to second class of protected areas for main sources of drinking

water, and to protected areas for the common fish and for swimming areas.* Class IV is mainly applicable to the water for industrial use and entertainment which has no

direct contact with human body.

* Class V is mainly applicable to water bodies for agricultural use and landscape requirement.

Wastewater treatment plant effluents must conform to the Comprehensive Emission Standards ofWaste Water (GB8978-1996), revised in 2002.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 PAGE 17 2003-NOVEMBER



Several other standards apply either during the construction or operation phases of the project.These include mainly:* Drinking Water Quality Standards GJ3020-1993* Ground Water Quality Standards GB/T14848-1993* Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) with regulation GB3095-96 for Fluoride

and standard for maximum concentration of Chlorine from Industry Designing SanitaryStandards (TJ36-1979).

* Standards for the Protection of Crops (GB9173-88) set the maximum concentration of someair pollutants in order to preserve the safe consumption of crops.

* Class Two standard of Urban Area Environmental Noise Standards GB3096-1995, whichapplies to residential, commercial and industrial mixed area.

* Environmental vibration adopts Urban Area Environmental Vibration Standards GB10070-88,which apply to mixed area and commercial centre area, day 75dB(A), night 72dB(A).

* Exhaust gas which adopts Comprehensive Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB16297-1996)

* Construction noise which adopts Limiting Values for Construction Area (GB12523-90)* Control standards for pollutants in sludge for agricultural use GB 4284-1984

3.3.3. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

3.3.3.1. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT

China is a Party to several international treaties or conventions in the field of Environment:* 1971 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl

Habitat and 1972 London Convention* 1972 Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage* 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

(CITES)* 1985 Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone layer* 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone layer* 1990 Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the ozone layer* 1989 Basel Convention on the Control Trans-boundary movements of Hazardous wastes and

their Disposal (ratified 17 Dec.91)* 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (ratified 5 Jan.93)* 1992 UN framework Convention on Climate Change* Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

Treaties and Conventions China has signed but not yet ratified:* Convention to Combat Desertification* Convention on Nuclear Safety* Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection - Madrid* Kyoto Protocol* China has been actively participating in the implementation of the amended London Guidelines

for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade.

3.3.3.2. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS

The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for financing to helpensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making.




For any project processed with the participation of an International Funding Agency, in addition tothe fulfilment of national requirements, the proponent must also satisfy the requirements of thefunding organisation.

Environmental and social policies and requirements of the World Bank are presented in thefollowing reference safeguards:* Operational Policy 4.01, Environmental Assessment, January 1999 (including Annex A, Annex

B, Annex C, dated January 1999)* Operational Policy 4.04, Natural Habitats, June 2001* Operational policy 4.09, Pest management, December 1998* Operational Policy 4.11, Cultural Property, August 1999* Operational Policy 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement, December 2001* Operational Directive 4.20, Indigenous Peoples, September 1991* Operational Policy 4.36, Forests, September 1993 (including Annex A, dated March 1993)* Operational Policy 4.37, Safety of Dams, October 2001* Operational Policy 7.50, Projects on International Waterways, June 2001* Operational Policy 7.60, Projects in Disputed Areas, June 2001.

3.3.4. LAND ACQUISITION, COMPENSATION & RESETTLEMENT STANDARDS

The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) prepared for the present Project follows National, Provincialand Municipal laws, regulations and guidelines for land acquisition and resettlement as well as therecommendations of WB-OD 4.12 related to Involuntary Resettlement.

The most relevant national, provincial and municipal laws and regulations are listed below.* Land Management Law of People's Republic of China* Implementation Measures of Guangdong Provincial Land Management* Compensation Standards for Agricultural Land Acquisition* Guangzhou Municipal Ordinances on Urban Housing Resettlement Management* Implementation Details of Urban Housing Resettlement Management and Compensation* Regulations of Urban Housing Resettlement Management and Compensation* Regulations on Overseas Chinese-Owned Urban Housing Demolition Affected in Land

Acquisition for State Project in Guangdong Province

Information on the content of these documents is available from the RAP reports.




4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

4.1. ALTERNATIVE WITHOUT PROJECT

As shown by the far-field modelling of the Guangzhou part of the PRD (Volume 5 of the EA report),in the absence of project, the already poor water quality of the Pearl River will continue to degrade,resulting in the total vanishing of the river life, and eventually increased nutrient load to the estuarywith higher occurrence of red tide events, lethal for fish life and fisheries. An example of the impacton the river systems without the project is provided in Figure 4.1.

Aside from river quality improvement, necessary improvement of sanitation and public health inurban areas totalizing several millions population is not questionable, mainly after those recent andthreatening experiences with new viral epidemics which spread easily through waste water.

Both in terms of economic development, public health and environment, the "non project" situationis not an acceptable alternative.

4.2. REGIONAL SANITATION SCHEME ALTERNATIVE

The proposed option for funding by the World Bank consisted of the development of thewastewater infrastructure in Eastern Guangzhou. As part of the associated reports an analysis wasundertaken of this proposal consisting of the development of three new WWTP and the extensionof the existing Liede WVVTP.

To test the cost-effectiveness of the proposed option, this was compared with two alternatives asdescribed below. Three scenarios were therefore tested:* The Base Scheme (As recommended in the Guangzhou Wastewater Masterplan)* Alternative 1 - Amalgalmating the Science Park WVVTP with the Dashadi WVVTP* Alternative 2 - Amalgalmating both the Science Park and Yunpu WVVTPs with the Dashadi

WWTP

Figure 4.2 depicts the results of the economic analysis for the three proposed options. Clearly onthe basis of this analysis it was concluded that wastewater flows from both the Science Park andYunpu subcatchments would be best treated at a centralised, and larger wastewater facility at asuitable location, such as the Dashadi Site.

It was also observed that the initial estimates of dry weather flows for the catchment were in excessof the requirements. It was concluded that in the long term no more than 500,000 m3/day would beneeded in total for the catchment and that a first phase of around 200,000 m3/day would beappropriate to serve the needs in the short term.

This formed the basis for further development of the proposed project for Guangzhou.


COMPARISON BASELINE 2000 TO 2010 DOX

6 00 .-- - ------- ------------------.

6000 .............-.. _......_ ____.__ ___ _._._ _ .... _ __ _ ._._ _ ___ .___....__._.

5 00 _ ._

4.00 _ __ _ /_

z

3 00 . _ 3.0. -Baseline 2000200 -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--*-Basebne 2010

0 2o 2.00-_ -- <

¶ 00 7n

0 00

MODEL NODE

FIGURE 4.1 DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE ZHU JIANG WITHOUT THE PROJECT

NPV Costs (12% Discount Rate)

; :::::: ur ~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~----------

Base Scheme Suppression of Science Park S.ppnes YunpuScenario

FIGURE 4.2 ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF PROJECT OPTIONS FOR THE EASTERN PORTION OF GUANGZHOU

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

PRD ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN (2010) AND FIGURES

* SOGREAH -' GUANGZHOU WWTP MASTER PLAN (2002) No 4.1& 4.2



4.3. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR LIEDE

4.3.1. ALTERNATIVE LOCATION FOR THE WWTP

The present project concerns the 3rd extension stage of Liede WWTP. Total land requirement of39.01 ha has been initially acquired and secured at the initiation of the development program andfor the 3 stages anticipated in the design. The feasibility study for Liede Wastewater TreatmentSystem (LWTS) Phase 1 was completed in 1989. In 1994, the Guangzhou Planning Committeeapproved the feasibility report for this project. The first phase of Liede WWTP started operation inNovember 1999. The second Phase is under completion. There is no justification to consider anyalternative location for the present Phase 3 of Liede.

4.3.2. ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR THE LIEDE RELATED SEWER NETWORK

The 3rd Phase of Liede WVVWTP will drain the east part of the network dedicated to this WVVTP. Itcovers mainly the sectors of Lingjiang Avenue, Keyun Road, Chepiyong-Chepi Road, HuangpuAvenue, Zhongshan Avenue, and East Guangyuan Road. Wastewater from Huangpu Avenue andZhongshan Avenue flows by gravity to the station.

The Lingjiang Avenue sewer (from Chepi Road to Liede WVVTP) is the main collector of sewagefrom Keyun Road and Chepiyong-Chepi Road; it covers a drainage area of 66.2km2 anddischarges the sewage in the plant after joining with the Donghaoyong feeder canal.

4.3.2.1. THE KEYUN ROAD WASTEWATER MAIN TRUNK SEWER

Keyun Road main trunk pipeline refers to the sewer from the highway encircling the city to theLingjiang Avenue section, mainly collecting the wastewater from the upper area in Chepiyong, theeast and west parts of the Keyun Road, and eventually discharging sewage in the LingjiangAvenue main sewer. It drains an area of 45.67 km2. The trunk sewers joining up with Keyun RoadWastewater main trunk pipeline includes Changxing Road Extension wastewater trunk pipeline,East Guangyuan Road wastewater trunk pipeline, Zhongshan Avenue wastewater trunk pipeline,and Huangpu Avenue wastewater trunk pipeline. It is recommended that the work of Keyun Road(to the south of East Guangyuan Road) wastewater trunk pipeline goes along with the constructionof the road at the same time, to take in maximum quantity of wastewater; And according to theterrain characteristics, technologic and economic conditions and the whole planning, threeschemes for the section of Keyun Road to the north of East Guangyuan Road was chosen forcomparison and selection.

Three different options have been considered when designing the network for Keyun road:- Option 1: Cut and cover construction is adapted for part of the high-slope section of

Keyun Road (from Chepiyong to the section of East Guangyuan Road) , with diameter1350 mm.

- Option 2: To build a pumping station at the intersection of Chepiyong and Keyun Road,and to send wastewater along Keyun Road after elevation.

- Option 3: to lay sewers along the river of Chepiyong, going eastwards to GuangyuanRoad and the railway culvert, then going back westwards to Keyun Road after goingacross East Guangyuan Road.

The result for comparison and selection of Keyun Road wastewater main trunk pipeline schemes isshown in Table 4.1


GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK

GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICESOVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

TABLE 4.1: COMPARISON AND SELECTION FOR THE LAYOUT SCHEMES OF KEYUN ROAD MAIN TRUNK SEWER

OPTIONS CHARACTERISTICS COMMENTS

1. Main pipe is 1932m in length, constructed with the cut and cover Best from technologictechnology, with little effect on the environment; and economic point of

Option 1 2. Implementation combined with road construction, decreases the view. Selected optiontotal investment; Needs schedule

coordination with road3. Cut and cover technology is more difficult to implement. construction

1. The main pipe is 1932m in length, decreasing the depth of the Land acquisitionpipelines and the investment as well. difficult for the

Option 2 pumping station;2.Pumping station is needed, with higher cost, land acquisition will be higher cost thandifficult as well as short term commissioning Option 1.

1. Laying sewers along the Yong riverside, with little effect on the The pipeline is tooenvironment around, and with rapid commissioning; long, with a high

Option 3 2. Main pipe is 1932m in length, with higher investment; investment and badhydraulic conditions.

3. The investment is high, and hydraulic conditions are bad.

According to the comparison of the technical and economic aspects of the 3 options, Option 1appears better than other 2 and was selected as the recommended one.

4.3.2.2. THE CHEPIYONG-CHEPI ROAD MAIN TRUNK SEWER

This main trunk sewer refers to the pipe from East Guangyuan Road to Lingjiang Avenue, mainlycollecting wastewater from the east of Huolu Shan, from downriver area of Chepiyong, and fromboth sides of Chepi Road, and eventually discharging into the main Lingjiang Avenue trunk. Itdrains an area of 19.1 km2. Chepiyong-Chepi Road main trunk sewer joins with sewers from WestChepiyong, East Guangyuan Road, Zhongshan Avenue and Huangpu Avenue. Two options havebeen considered:

- Option 1: The existing trunk sewers of Chepi Road are kept operational and a pumpingstation is required. Sewage from west and east sides of Chepi Road is drained into thetrunk sewer of Huangpu Avenue through the existing sewers and the planned pumpingstation.

- Option 2: Exclude the construction of a pumping station and the use of the existing westtrunk sewers of Chepi Road; instead, build new sewers in the green zone located in themiddle of Chepi Road, and transfer sewage from the west of the upstream Chepiyong (tothe north of Zhongshan Avenue) into the newly built sewer of Chepi Road alongZhongshan Avenue. The newly built trunk sewer of the downstream section of ChepiRoad (south of Huangpu Avenue) will finally drain sewage into the main sewer ofLingjiang Avenue by gravity.

TABLE 4.2: COMPARISON AND SELECTION FOR THE LAYOUT SCHEMES OF CHEPI ROAD MAIN TRUNK SEWER

OPTIONS CHARACTERISTICS COMMENTS

1. Existing sewers are considered, with no impacts on roads Main trunk sewers are laidOption 1 and minor effect on the environment. along Chepiyong, leading to a

2. A pumping station is needed , which will increase the cost. lot of old houses demolition.1. New main trunk sewers are built, increasing the investment Less demolition of oldon the network; houses; afforested area can

be replanted. Selected as theption 2 2. Pumping station not needed, decreasing operation costs recommended scheme.3. Construction of the sewers will affect the afforested area,with related impact on the natural environment.




Options 1 and 2 have similar investments. But for Option 1, significant demolition of old houses willaffect the social and urban environment, and the need for a pumping station will increase theoperation cost, while for Option 2, the new main trunk sewers are to be built along the vegetationzone, much less damaging. Therefore, Option 2 is selected as the recommended option.

In conclusion, the recommended scheme for Liede 3 related network relies on technical optionswhich favour the gravity flow principle and which takes full benefit from existing network.

4.4. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR DASHADI WWTP

4.4.1. ALTERNATIVE LOCATION FOR THE WWTP

In accordance with the Guangzhou Urban Wastewater Master Plan (revised in 1994), the locationof the Dashadi WWTP is planned in Huangpu District, along the west side of Wenchong shipyardand south of Huangpu Road. The selected site covers an area of 38.2 ha. However, in 2002,Huangpu District People's Government, on the basis of the opinions expressed by the HuangpuDistrict People's Conference and the Policy Consultation Committee about Huangpu District urbandevelopment planning, suggested to shift the Dashadi WWTP on the Dahaosha island, locatedclose to the initial planned site.

As mentioned in later chapters of this report, the proposed site for Dashadi, located next to theWanchong Shipyard presents several constraints to development including road and creek re-routing and several branches of a 22 kV line. The island is not inhabited, mainly covered by bananaplantation.

Aside from the technical difficulties related to the crossing of part of the river branch by the mainsewer, the island site offers a non-limited space for the WWTP, and no resettlement or demolitionissue. This site is, from the technical point of view, more appropriate. However, the GuangzhouPlanning Bureau has designated the area as protected, for further ecological land use (green zonefor public park and recreation). This choice is fully understandable considering that an undevelopedgreen area of significant size inside dense urban zone is a rare product if not unique and limited tothis island, and definitely worth conservation. It should be considered, at this stage of the study,that for planning purpose, every efforts should be made to keep Dashadi WWTP on the river bankand to preserve the Dahaosha Island from any industrial development.

4.4.2. ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR THE DASHADI RELATED SEWER NETWORK

The sewage network of Dashadi WWTP is divided into eastern and western parts, separated byWuyong.

4.4.2.1. WESTERN AREA

The primary sewer in the west of Dashadi WWTP service area follows Haiyuan Road, and itreceives three main sewers: Zhongshan Avenue-Haiyuan Road trunk sewer and the 2 sewerslocated on the both sides of Wuyong. It covers a drainage basin of 72.76km2 .

Zhongshan Avenue-Haiyuan Road trunk sewer mainly collects sewage from Dongpu sub-area,Maogang Road, Hejing Road and Gangwan Road, with a drainage area of 25.12km2.

The East of Wuyong trunk sewer mainly collects the wastewater from the north of GuangyuanHighway, the west of Shihua Road, the east of the left branch of Wuyong, the south of GuangyuanHighway, the east of Wuyong and the west of Wenyong, with a drainage area of 14.76km2.

The west of Wuyong trunk sewer mainly collects sewage from the Scientific City. The planned roadsegment to the west of Wuyong covers a drainage area of 32.88 km2.




4.4.2.2. EASTERN AREA

The main sewer follows Shihua Road (East Huangpu Road to Dashadi), and receives three sewertrunks from Shihua Road (to the north of East Huangpu Road), east side of Wenyong and EastHuangpu Road.

The main sewer drains the area of Wenchong and Xiayuan with a drainage area of 19.48km2 . Thetrunk sewer of Shihua Road (to the north of East Huangpu Road) collects sewage from west andnorth parts of Wenchong area, covering a drainage area of 0.93km2. The sewer of d300-800mmhas a total length of 1500m. Its capacity is suitable and no new pipeline is needed.

The trunk sewer of the East side of Wenyong mainly collects sewage from east side of Wenyongand west side of Shihua Road, covering an area of 3.44km2. The sewer was constructed incoordination with the rehabilitation project of Wenyong creek, to collect sewage discharged directlyinto the stream.

The trunk sewer of East Huangpu Road runs from the left division of Miaotouyong to Shihua Road,mainly collecting wastewater from Xiayuan Subarea and the area to the north of East HuangpuRoad covering a drainage area of 15.11km2.

According to the landforms in the area and the depth of the wastewater pipelines, two pumpingstations are required:* Pumping station on Zhongshan Avenue: two locations are possible, one located to the

northeast of the intersection of Zhongshan Avenue, Zhuji Road and Shenyong, and secondopposite, south east of same intersection. First site is open land, and no demolition is required,while second site involves demolition of workshops. First site is recommended.

* Pumping station on East Huangpu Road: two locations are possible, one in thesouthwest corner of the intersection of East Huangpu Road and the planned North No.2 RingHighway, while second in the southeast corner of East Huangpu Road and the planned NorthNo.2 Ring Highway. First location involves some slight demolition work related to a small gasstation, while second site involves more significant demolition of restaurants. Site 1 is prefered.

TABLE 4.3: COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE SCHEMES FOR PIPELINES AND SYSTEM

OPTION CHARACTERISTICS COMMENTS

Haiyuan Road Not completed, difficulties remained in the construction of If enough room in thePrimary Trunk Sewer the sewers, the top-pipe construction technique can be underground of Gangqian

adopted to lay out the general trunk, but with high cost; Road, then the primaryset the location of Gangqian Road 1 OOm southwards as trunk can be laid therethe optional scheme, but this road is relatively narrow,and is also difficult for construction.

Shihua Road Can receive sewage more directly; no residential areasPrimary Trunk Sewer on both sides, minor environmental impact caused by

construction, except it will affect the container truck trafficof Guangzhou Ex-transportation Huangpu Storage andShipside Co. Ltd., with necessary re-routing of vehiclesduring construction.

Main sewer trunk of Rational collection of sewage, but if primary trunk alongZhongshan Avenue- Gangqian Road, then its route will change accordingly.Haiyuan Road

Main sewer trunk Integrated with the renovation and regeneration ofwest of Wuyong Wuyong, collecting wastewater from its both sides, Can be set as theMain sewer trunk transferring wastewater from upriver, and ameliorating the recommended option.

black color and bad smell of the river to accomplish theeast of Wuyong target of the renovation and regeneration of Wuyong




OPTION CHARACTERISTICS COMMENTS

Main sewer trunk of Already built.Shihua Road (northof East HuangpuRoad)

Main sewer trunk Laid out in coordination with rehabilitation project ofeast of Wenyong Wenyong, to improve creek quality

Main sewer trunk of According with design principles, with no obvious impact onEast Huangpu Road the surrounding environment.

4.5. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR INTERCEPTORS AND SEWERS

In the short-term plan of wastewater treatment in the area it is required to integrate the RiverRenovation and Regeneration Project of Guanghzou and construct interceptors to improve waterquality of the PRD. One way to design the creek interceptors of is to lay out the pipes on the bothsides of the creeks, and let the wastewater, which is originally discharged into the creeks, take theshortest way to be discharged into the sewers; another way is to build a pumping station tointercept, raise and release the wastewater in the trunk sewer to the VWvTP. These two optionsboth have their own advantages and disadvantages, and should be selected in relation to specificsituations.

TABLE 4.4: COMPARISON OF INTERCEPTION OPTIONS

LAY OUT INTERCEPTORS INTERCEPTING PUMPING STATION

1. It collects wastewater which used to be 1 Relatively short in the length of the laid outdischarged into the rivers to improve the water pipelines, relatively low in construction cost;quality of the rivers; 2.1imited work for housebreaking, and relatively low

2. It will improve urban water environment investment;landscape; 3.1ittle use for the improvement of rivers' water

3.The buildings on both sides should be pulled environment quality;down, which will increase the cost; 4.the running of the pump station will have some4. A relatively long pipeline will increase the effect on the residents' living (noise).construction cost.

5. The rivers would dry up in the dry years, whichwill affect the urban landscape.

4.5.1. INTERCEPTORS FOR LIEDE 3

The major interceptor projects are Chepiyong, Chejieyong, Tangxiayong, Shangshe Village, ChepiVillage and Longdong Area interceptor projects. The comparison methods for these projects ispresented in the following table.

TABLE 4.5: COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE INTERCEPTOR PROJECTS FOR LIEDE 3

PROJECT COMMENT

Chepiyong interceptor Set a cutoff pump station on the upriver; The road segment on the west bankproject downriver is close to the trunk of Chepi Road, therefore the interceptor can be laid

out, which joins into the trunk pipeline of Chepi Road to improve water environmentquality; no pipeline is needed on the east bank downstream; and a pumping stationis to be set at the confluence of the river.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 PAGE 26 2003 - NOVEMBER



Chejieyong interceptor More residential areas on the both banks of the river, will lead to significantproject demolition work and a relatively large investment; intercepting most of the sewage

could be gathered into the nearby Keyun trunk pipeline, while less sewage will bedischarged into the river, which will greatly improve the water environment quality.So it is recommended to implement interceptors along the river.

Tangxiayong More residential areas on the both banks of the river, the demolition work forinterceptor project implementing the scheme would be significant, so it is recommended to implement

intercepting pumping stations on different drainage areas of the creek, send thewastewater into the sewer trunks in the shortest way, and implement an interceptingpumping station at the mouth of the river.

Shangshe Village To lay out interceptor system, and send the wastewater into Tangxiayong afterinterceptor project collection.

Chepi Village To lay out cutoff system, and send the wastewater into the downriver of Chepiyonginterceptor project after collection.

Longdong Area To lay out cutoff system, and send the wastewater into the upriver of Chepiyonginterceptor project after collection.

4.5.2. INTERCEPTORS FOR DASHADI

The major projects are Shenyong, Wuyong and Zhujiangyong interceptor projects.

TABLE 4.6: COMPARISON OF THE INTERCEPTOR PROJECTS FOR DASHADI

PROJECT COMMENTS

Shenyong Interceptor The road segment on the west bank of Shenyong is in good conditions, and lessproject demolition work has to be done when laying out the interceptors.

Wuyong interceptor To improve the water environment quality of Wuyong, it is recommended toproject implement interceptors on the river segment to the north of East Guangyuan Road

along the west bank of the river, while to the south of East Guangyuan Road toimplement interceptors along both sides of the river, and send the wastewater,which used to join into Wuyong, into the wastewater system, all of these willobviously improve the water environment quality. But it will cause more demolitionwork.

Zhujiangyong The road surface near the upstream segment is in better conditions, and it isinterceptor project recommended to implement interceptors, which will cause relatively little demolition

work. And interceptors should also be laid on the downstream, but with moredemolition work.

4.6. TREATMENT PROCESS ALTERNATIVES

4.6.1. NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

According to Urban Wastewater Treatment and Pollution Prevention Technology Policies, which isprinted and distributed by Construction Ministry, National Environment Protection General Bureauand Scientific and Technologic Ministry the selection policies for the treatment process is :" for thewastewater treatment facilities with a treatment ability of more than 100,000m3 /d, generally thetechnique such as A/O, AIAIO or equivalent is selected, and other techniques with the same effectscan also be cautiously adopted. If necessary, additional methods can be chosen to strengthen theeffect of phosphorus abatement."




4.6.2. POSSIBLE TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR LIEDE 3 AND DASHADI

According to the wastewater quality within the project area and its treatment requirements, it isrequired to select a process technologically mature and efficient, with limited land requirements,easy to operate and with low running costs.

Considering the objective of depollution of the PRD, in addition to the removal of BOD5 and SS, thetreatment process should also include a secondary treatment efficient for both nitrogen andphosphorus abatement. The treated effluent must also meet the national and local standards.

Based on national and international experience, among the most common process observed(conventional activated sludge process, A/C process, A2/0 process, oxidation ditch process, SBRprocess,) the methods considered for Liede and Dashadi include A/0 process, A 2/0 process andactivated sludge process by phase alternation.

A/C process (anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process), is well developed since the 1970s. Ithas been primarily designed for both carbonaceous BOD removal and phosphorus removal; it canadditionally nitrify the effluent should there be sufficient detention time in the aerobic phase. Aftertreatment, the settlement property of the sludge is better than that of ordinary activated sludgeprocess. It offers reasonable operation and capital construction cost. The A/C process has beensuccessfully put into practice in Foshan Town Anjing Water Plant to treat the low concentrationurban wastewater of Foshan city.

A2/0 process, or anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic activated sludge process, is also developed since the1970s is a modification of the A/0 process enabling in addition the removal of nitrogen. It is nowwidely applied in the urban wastewater treatment in China, especially in Guangzhou such as theDatansha WWTP, where it has been successfully applied to the treat low concentration urbanwastewater. The process is marked by the capability to remove contaminants such as carbonorganics, nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time. The effluent shows good quality, low innitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. However, the system is relatively complicated to run andto manage, and the operation cost is relatively high.

Activated sludge process by phase alternation is a more recent technology, which is based on thecombination of the advanced techniques of Sequence Batch Reactor ( SBR ) and thecharacteristics of A/C process with continuous inflow. Oxidation is provided only on a temporarybasis (phase alternation). The basin is in rectangular shape, and several basins are joint-built withless land requirement and construction investment. An example of such an approach is theproprietary UNITANK process is the basic form of activated sludge process by phase alternation.However, this process needs the cooperation of better settling process in favour of maintaining andmanagement

4.6.3. COMPARISON OF THE POSSIBLE TREATMENT PROCESSES

4.6.3.1. A21O PROCESS

A2/0 process is an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic activated sludge process, and the biological reactor isdivided into three sections: the first one is the anaerobic area where polyphosphates bacteria in thewastewater release the endocellular phosphorous; the middle section is anoxic area for bacterialdenitrification; the third section is aerobic section where micro-organisms nitrificate at the sametime removing organic pollution. This process integrates the intake of phosphorus with the removalof nitrogen by nitrification, bearing a good function of denitrification and dephosphorization. Itscharacteristics are shown as follows:* It can efficiently remove organics, denitrificate and dephosphorize at the same time.* The sludge has good sedimentation property and high phosphorous concentration,

which makes it interesting for agricultural re-use.* It requires a relatively long detention time, so the basin and the land requirement are

relatively large.




* When the wastewater flow is raised and the concentration of phosphorus increased, theconcentration of phosphorus in the short-term effluent may exceed the criterion, thus additionalmethods are still required to remove phosphorous.

* At low temperatures, its performance for phosphorus removal may be impaired (althoughin Guangzhou this would not be generally a factor)

4.6.3.2. AIO PROCESS

Dephosphorization A/O process is the shorten form of anaerobic and aerobic activated sludgeprocess, which is the improvement of the conventional activated sludge process. Influent and thereturned sludge are mixed and sent into the anaerobic section. Then follows the aerobic sectionwhere perforated pipes with eyelet film or micro-orifice aerators are used to oxidize and agitate. Asthe anaerobic section is added in the wastewater biological reaction basin to let polyphosphatebacteria absorb excessive phosphorus under the anaerobic conditions, which cannot onlyefficiently remove BOD5, but also efficiently remove phosphorous. Its characteristics are shown asfollows:* Limited energy consumption: Because organics have been partly removed in the

anaerobic section, the organics required to be removed in the aerobic section are reduced, thusthe corresponding air supply decreases dramatically, which reduces electricity consumption.There is no returned mixed liquid in this process, so it is more economical in the used electricitypower than A2/O process.

* Easy to operate and manage: There is only one returned sludge system, so it is easy tomanage, and no sludge expansion will be produced, it is good in the sludge sedimentationproperty and stable in the treatment effect.

* It is high in reaction rate, short in detention time, and relatively small in basin size andland requirement.

4.6.3.3. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS WITH PHASE ALTERNATION

The wastewater into the system goes through the inflow strobe and goes respectively into any ofthe three rectangular basins according to the time sequence. When the left basin is taking inwastewater, then the left basin and the middle one work as aeration while the right one works asthe settling basin. After a while, the middle basin begins to receive water, the right one stilldischarges while the left one stops aerating and begins to settle. This is the alternation phasewhich lasts about 30 minutes. It repeats to the next basin, alternating function in each of the 3basins. This process is applied in Macau Hanzai WVVTP.

The characteristics of the process are as follows:* Since the volume of each basin is relatively large, it provides good resistance to load

shock and adapt well to influent flow and concentration.* As process relies on three rectangular basins, it is easy to construct and economical in

land.* For aeration and settlement are done in the same basins, and the wastewater is

discharged by the fixed weirs and distributed by the channel, the water head loss can bereduced compared with the conventional treatment processes. Meanwhile since return sludgeand return mixture liquid are not needed, it economizes the energy and lowers the daily runningcost.

* Alternation phase process relies on high contribution from equipments. When anythingwrong occurs with the equipments or the PLC control, a lot of manpower are needed to operatemanually, a lot of work on equipments repairing, maintaining and changing has to be done, andit requires trained personnel.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE 29 2003-NOVEMBER


GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES

OVERALL ENVI RONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

4.6.3.4. COMPARISON OF THE ANNUAL OPERATION COST OF THE THREE PROCESSES

Comparison of the annual cost of the three processes is presented based on the 220,000 t/ycapacity of Liede 3 WWTP.

TABLE 4.7: COMPARISON OF THE ANNUAL OPERATION COST OF THE THREE ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES

PHASENo. ITEM A2/O PROCESS A/O PROCESS ALTERNATION

PROCESS

1 Electricity costs(10,000 yuan) 3405.70 3086.13 3106.39

2 Reagent costs+water costs(10,000 584.42 604.10 623.88yuan)

3 Employee salary and welfare 795.94 795.94 795.94expense(10,000 yuan)

4 Fixed assets basic committed 3893.56 3777.32 3745.27capacity cost (10,000 yuan)

5 Annual maintainenance 854.56 827.96 896.52costs(10,000 yuan)

6 Fiscal expense(10,000 yuan) 925.08 913.92 906.67

7 Amortizing expense(10,000 yuan) 2.03 2.03 2.03

8 Other expenses(10,000 yuan) 795.94 795.94 795.94

9 All-in production cost(10,000 yuan) 11257.23 10803.34 10872.64

10 Running cost(10,000 yuan) 6436.56 6110.07 6218.67

11 Unit production cost(yuan/t) 0.7009 0.6727 0.6770

12 Unit running cost(yuan/t) 0.4008 0.3805 0.3872

4.6.3.5. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL COMPARISON OF THE THREE PROCESSES

Technical and economical comparison of the three processes is also presented in the case ofLiede Phase 3.

TABLE 4.8: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL COMPARISON OF THE THREE ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES

PHASENo. ITEM A 2/0 PROCESS A/O PROCESS ALTERNATION

PROCESS

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NC 355073 PAGE 30 2003 - NOVEMBER



1 Project direct expense(l 0,000 yuan) 37805.76 35758.74 35455.29

2 All-in investment inside the plant (10,000 24205.24 22158.22 21854.77yuan)

3 Unit capital construction expense(yuan/m3) 1100.24 1007.19 993.4

4 Annual production cost(10,000 yuan) 11257.23 10803.34 10872.64

5 Unit production cost(yuan/m3 ) 0.7009 0.6727 0.6770

6 Annual running cost(1 0,000 yuan) 6436.56 6110.07 6218.67

7 Unit running cost (yuan/m3) 0.4008 0.3805 0.3872

8 Annual electricity expense(10,000 yuan) 3405.70 3086.13 3106.39

9 Electricity consumption of unit water 0.3166 0.2669 0.2700quantity(kw*h/m

3 )

10 Land area of biological basin of unit water01301700910 quan I Ym 2/m3) 0.132 0.117 0.090

11 Land area of biological basin(m ) 29120 25740 19780

4.6.3.6. COMPARISON OF THE MAIN PERFORMANCES OF THE THREE PROCESSES

In terms of treatment performances, main advantages and disadvantages of the 3 systems arepresented in the following table:

TABLE 4.9: TECHNICAL PROS AND CONS OF TREATMENT PROCESSES

PROCESS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1. Efficient removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus 1. relatively more complex operation

2. Better denitrification than A/0 management2. higher energy consumption and

A2O process 3. Waste sludge has relatively high phosphorus operating costconcentration, and has fertilizer value3. high investment

4.Simple requirements for mechanical equipments

5. Widely used in China 4. Relatively large area required

1. Relatively stable in treatment efficiency; 1. Not capable to achieve high levels of

2. Relatively high in the reduction ratio of phosphorous; N and P removal simultaneously2. Denitrification level is low

A/O process 3. Waste sludge has relatively high phosphorusconcentration, and has fertilizer value 3. Relatively large area required

4. Convenient in running and management; 4. Limited process control flexibility isavailable

1. Relatively high in treatment efficiency with a good 1. More equipment result in moreability of resisting load shock, stable water quality of maintenance than other processesthe effluent; 2. When wastewater volume or

2. Flexible adaptation to pollution load concentration of phosphorus increases,additional physical and chemical

3. Easy to build and requires limited area processes are temporarily required to

activated sludge 4. Investment costs relatively low remove phosphorusprocess by phase 5. Lower energy requirements and operating costs 3. It is applied in large-scalealternation wastewater treatment plants, the

6. Allows easy automatic control. specific technical issues such as theuniformity of the distribution, theinclined tube settling, the discharge ofthe sludge and the residue have to bestudied and settled in the projectdesign of the next phase.




Using the far-field water quality model (presented in volume 5 of the EA report), two different typesof treatment were compared: 1) treatment of both BOD and NH-N (as per the project), and2) treatment of only BOD (as per a conventional activated sludge process). Results (presented infollowing figures 4.1 to 4.3) clearly indicate that a higher level of treatment is required given thecurrent wastewater treatment discharge points. Only the A2 0 treatment type can achieve thecompliance of treated effluent with national standards, and for this reason has been selecteddespite some higher investment and operating costs.

4.6.4. ALTERNATIVES FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

4.6.4.1. SLUDGE TREATMENT

The sludge produced from the wastewater treatment is high in organic concentration, unstable,easy to decompose, with numbers of pathogens and helminths. Without appropriate treatment anddisposal it may result in secondary pollution and threat to public health. Treatment of sludge isrequired for both the public safety aspect and the reduction of its volume before disposal.

About 392 tons/day of wet waste will be produced by both new WVVTP including 230 tons/day ofwet sludge (20% dry solids) and 182 tons/day of grid and screen bar waste (40% solids).

As presented in this EA report, the sludge generated by Liede and Dashadi will be only dewateredon site, before transportation by barge to a Sludge Treatment Centre presently under developmentand which aims to collect sludge from all WWTP of the Guangzhou area, to incinerate it andrecycle in the production of construction and pavement bricks.

4.6.4.2. ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS

In order to face any dysfunction or delay in the implementation of the treatment centre, which isdeveloped under a BOT process, temporary alternative solutions are presently under considerationmainly to provide short to medium term safe treatment and disposal in case it is required.

As far as the selected solution is the STC, the alternative solution should minimise investment andoperation costs as it is only considered as a short-term measure. Landfill is probably the mostappropriate option. The research of a suitable landfill site, which can accommodate both dewateredsludge and domestic solid waste is on-going. The area must be located close to a river branch (toallow transportation of sludge by barge), be safe from the hydrogeological point of view and farfrom residential zones. Its capacity must provide for at least 2 years storage for both WWTP. To beon the safe side, dewatering should be slightly increased in order to reach 30% dry solids. On thisbasis, assuming the anticipated production of Liede3 and Dashadi and a densitv of disposedsludge of 1.2 ton/m3, the requirement will be about 280 m3 /day or around 100,000 m /year.


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SOGREAH S l,.; & BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG PROFILE 1


GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT- DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICESOVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE WB PROJECT COMPONENTS

5.1. PRESENT SITUATION OF WASTEWATER IN GUANGZHOU

Guangzhou is facing major pollution of its river branches and creeks, resulting in severeenvironmental nuisances for residential areas located along these streams as well as for industrialwater intakes located along major branches of the PR, more and more affected by the degradationof the water quality. A large part of the municipal and industrial wastewater enters the river systemwithout treatment. Most of the branches and creeks do not satisfy currently their water qualityobjectives, mainly classes IlIl and IV. Notable pollutants exceeding objectives are mainly organicnutrients, ammonia and oils, indicative of contamination with urban wastewater. Without theproject organic pollution levels will rise dramatically, further damaging living conditions in the cityand along the downstream river shores, and endangering the water supplies.

The total length of main sewer in the main urban area of Guangzhou was estimated at about150 km with ongoing construction raising this figure to around 500 km by the end of 2003; this canbe compared to an estimated requirement of 1100km2. By 2000, the wastewater treatmentcapacity was estimated around 550,000 m3/d, or about 31 % of the effluents produced daily inGuangzhou.

5.2. OVERALL PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The GPDRUEP components proposed to be included in the first implementation phase supportedby a World Bank loan are: (a) Guangzhou Wastewater Management, comprising wastewatertreatment plants (WWTP) of capacity 200,000 m3/d each at Dashadi (new plant) and Liede IlIl(expansion of existing plant), about 500 km of trunk sewers in six drainage areas, and technicalsupport to an ongoing public toilet program in Guangzhou, (b) Inter-Municipal EnvironmentalInfrastructure for at least two groups of cities, districts or towns, (c) Hazardous Waste Managementfacility to treat wastes from Guangzhou and neighbouring municipalities, (d) Environmental WaterQuality Monitoring and MIS, and (e) Capacity Building, Training and Technical Studies.

Three main sub-components are the main concern of this overall EA which addresses the impactsresulting from the implementation of the wastewater infrastructures, namely i) the Liede WWTPPhase 3 with related network extension, ii) the Dashadi WWTP Phase 1 with related networkextension and iii) the network rehabilitation and extension in 4 other areas. Location of componentsis provided in Figure 5.1.

As already mentioned earlier, although concentrating predominantly in terms of infrastructureinvestment in the Municipality of Guangzhou, the project aims primarily at developing cost-effectivestrategies and institutional models which can serve as a "blue-print" for the whole PRD Region. Amajor challenge of the project is to develop institutional models able to traverse the traditionaladministrative boundaries (between counties and districts within municipalities, and betweenmunicipalities themselves) thus enabling the cost savings associated with economies of scale to beachieved, and for the environmental benefit of the PRD. At the time of this EA study, the tentativeschedule for project implementation is the following:* Preparation of Final Design and Tender Documents: Completed by mid-2004* Construction of Liede 3 and Dashadi 1: Completed by first quarter 2007* Construction of Xilang Network: Completed by third quarter 2006* Construction of Datansha Network: Completed by first quarter 2008* Construction of Liede and Dashadi Networks: Completed by first quarter 2010.

2 Proposal for Sewage Treatment System in Guangzhou. Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design Institute, 2002


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FIGURE 5.1 GENERAL LOCATION OF WASTEWATER PROJECT COMPONENTS


* SOGREAH 0 ~~~~~~GENERAL LoCATION OF WASTEWATER FIGURE No 5.1PROJECT COMPONENTS



The overall project tentative cost estimate, as established at the time of the World Bank Appraisalmission of December 2003, is given in the following table.

TABLE 5.1: COST ESTIMATE FOR GPRDUEP 1

COMPONENT COST (RMB MILLION)

1. Guangzhou Wastewater Management 2718.1

2. Hazardous Waste Management 198.6

3. Inter Municipal Environment Infrastructure 897.9

4. Environmental Water Quality Monitoring and MIS 93.3

5. Institutional Strengthening and Training 70.4

Total Project Cost (including contingencies) 3978.3

5.3. LIEDE 3 WWTP COMPONENT

The Liede component of the project concerns the construction of the Phase 3 of the existingWWTP. This Phase will have a capacity of 200,000 m3, thus expanding the total capacity of theWVVTP to 640,000 m3 when completed. Information on Phases 1 and 2 is provided below. Atpresent, only Phase 1 is operational, Phase 2 being still under construction.

TABLE 5.2: BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT LIEDE SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM (PHASE I AND II)

Serving area (ha) Population Process Capacity Completion year

Liede phase I N/A* N/A A-B 220,000 1999

Liede phase 11 2,803.32 677,200 Unitank 220,000 2004

As sewage treated by Liede WWTP phase I is intercepted from the urban creeks, no detailedinformation on service area and population is available.

Phase 3 will serve 8 sub-catchments (Lingtang, Nongfeng, Wushan, Huolushan, Chencun,Yuancun and Tangxia) with a total population estimated at 903,000 in 2010 over an area of78.6 kM2, producing an estimated volume of wastewater of 345,500 m3/day.


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LIEDE 1 (POST CLARIFIER) LIEDE 3 EXTENSION AREA

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LIEDE 3 EXTENSION AREA LIEDE NETWORK; SECTION OF SHAHE CREEK

LIEDE NETWORK; SECTION OF SHAHE CREEK LIEDE NETWORK; SECTION OF SHAHE CREEK


VIEWS OF LIEDE EXTENSION SITE AND SECTIONS OF SHAHE PLATE N°1

SOGREAH , CREEK IN TIANHE DISTRICT



The sewage network to be implemented with WWTP Phase 3 is about 145 km length. Its finaldesign is still under study and liable to modification in order to further reduce social impacts(particularly resettlement); the conceptual design is presented in Figure 5.2. The expected qualityof the raw influent entering and the treated effluent leaving the Liede WWTP Phase 3 is presentedin the following table.

TABLE 5.3: EXPECTED QUALITY OF INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT FOR LIEDE PHASE 3 (MGIL)

BOD 5 CODCr SS NH3-N P043 - P

Influent 120 250 150 20 4

Effluent 20 40 20 8 0.5

Standards <- 20 < 40 < 20 < 10 <= 0.5

Pollution abatement (ton/day) 20 42 26 2.4 0.7

Pollution abatement (ton/year) 7,300 15,330 9,490 876 255.5

The process is of the A20 type (Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic), and its various stages are depicted onFigure 5.3 together with the site layout for the plant in Figure 5.4.

5.4. DASHADI 1 WWTP COMPONENT

According to the Urban Development Master Plan of Guangzhou (from 1997 to 2010), populationestimate related to the sewage sub-catchments to be drained to Dashadi WWTP (Dongpu,Jiazhuang, Jishan, Dasha, Shihua, Wencong and Xiayuan) comes to 916,500 in 2010.

Sewage production from these sub-catchments, based on a water consumption of 350 I/capita/day,gives an estimate of 321,200 m3/day.

The related network development associated with the first phase of Dashadi is about 120 km long.The network will also include the construction of 2 pumping stations. Network preliminary designand pumping station location are presented in figure 5.5.

The expected quality of the raw influent entering and the treated effluent leaving the DashadiWWTP Phase 1 is presented in the following table.

TABLE 5.4: EXPECTED QUALITY OF INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT FOR DASHADI PHASE I

BOD 5 CODCr SS NH3-N PO43- - P

Influent 140 280 170 25 4

Effluent 20 40 20 10 0.5

Standards <= 20 <= 40 <= 20 <- 10 <= 0.5

Pollution abatement (ton/day) 20 42 26 2.4 0.7

Pollution abatement (ton/year) 7,300 15,330 9,490 876 255.5

Guangdong wastewater discharge regulation DB44/26-2001 provides the reference for WWTPdesign.The treatment capacity of Dashadi Phase 1 is 200,000 m3/day, serving an area of about 80kM2, and using a A20 process (Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic) equivalent to that of Liede Phase 3.Process is presented on Figure 5.6 together with an overview of the proposed site layout in Figure5.7



GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT- DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICESOVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

As discussed previously the proposed site is far from ideal. The site is currently crossed by highvoltage transmission lines with associated pylons, an existing creek and is partially occupied bywarehousing and small commercial buildings (albeit supposedly illegal). Furthermore, a plannedroute will divide the proposed site into essentially two sections.

A number of alternative layouts for the treatment plant were undertaken as part of the feasibilitystudy. These alternatives all assumed that planned road and existing pylons remained in theircurrent locations and that no construction could occur within a buffer zone associated with eachseries of transmission lines. It was shown that it was feasible to construct the proposed plantwithout relocation of the pylons and transmission lines (although such a relocation wouldnevertheless be desirable).

The final proposed design is shown in Figure 5.7. In this design the existing creek has beendiverted to the west of the site allowing more space to the north east for the location of biologicalreactors and for the future installation of primary sedimentation (if this proves to be necessary).The area to the south of the future road would accommodate future extension from the plannedinitial 200,000 m3/day to 500,000 m3/day.

5.5. NETWORK COMPONENT

The network component of the project includes the extension and rehabilitation of trunk sewers andinterceptors in 4 areas, each deserved by an existing or soon to be completed WWTP: Datansha,Liede (1 and 2), Xilang and Lijiao.

At present, the Datansha WWTP Phases 1 and 2 are operational and Phase 3 is underconstruction. The area drained concerned by the network program covers about 105 kM2, and willconcern about 2,000,000 population by year 2010, with an estimated production of855,000 m3/day. (Figure 5.8).

The Liede network extension concerns 4 areas (Luhu Rd, Baiyun, Upper Shane, Dongguanzhuangand Wushan Rd) for a total length of 33.3 km of 300 to 900 mm diameter pipes. The networkdesign is presented in Figure 5.9.

The Xilang network drainage area covers 6 sub-catchments for a total area of 45.2 kM2, and servesa planned population (2010) of 606,000 with a sewage production estimated at 212,100 m3/day.Part of networks proposed for funding under the present WB loan is depicted in Figure 5.10.

The drainage area to the Lijiao WWTP includes 10 sub-catchments, covers 103 kM2, serves anestimated population of 1,397,000 (in 2010) with a sewage production of 494,000 m3/day. It isanticipated that about 5% of the industrial wastewater produced in Haizhu district will bedischarged into the domestic network, which may raise above 500,000 m3/day the volume ofsewage to be treated by Lijiao. Sub-catchments and network concerned by the present project arepresented in Figure 5.11.

TABLE 5.5: SUMMARY OF WASTEWATER NETWORK EXTENSION PROGRAM

WASTEWATER NETWORK TOTAL LENGTH (2003) PUMPING STATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEM TYPEEXTENSION COMPONENT IN KM REQUIRED

Datansha 100.8 2 Separate system

Liede 5.2 -- Luhu road: combined system;Others: separate system

Hualei road (western part):Xilang 29.7 -- separate system;

Others: combined system

Lijiao 96.5 -- Separate system


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FIGURE 5.3: LIEDE WWTP TREATMENT PROCESS (A20)

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003

THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

.- * .GREH NETWORKLIEDE WWTP PHASE 3 FIGURESSOGREAH JL J NETWORK EXTENSION AND PROPOSED TREATMENT PROCESS N° 5.2 & 5.3

Shaded (brown) areas = extension to Liede WWTP

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FIGURE 5.4 SITE LAYoUT FOR THE LIEDE 3 EXTENSION

PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

0 ~~~~SITE LAYOUT FOR THE LIEDE 3 EXTENSION FIGURE NO 5.4SOGREAH

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SOGREAH FIGURNETWORK EXTENSION AND PROPOSED TREATMENT PROCESS No 5.5 & 5.6

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THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASS ESSM ENT 35-5073

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DAHAOASHA ISLAND (ALTERNATIVE SITE) THE BANANA PLANTATION IN DAHAOSHA ISLAND



VIEWS OF DASHADI I PROPOSED SITES PLATE No1

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FIGURE 5.9: LIEDE 1-2 SEWER NETWORK EXTENSIONPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003

THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONM ENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

, ,-z * ~~~~~~DATANSHA & LIEDE 1-2 SEWER NETWORK EXTENSION FIGURES

SOGREAH No, N° 5.8 & 5.9

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PEOPLEIS REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

, - ~~/ /0 XILANG & LIJIAO SEWER NETWORK EXTENSIONS N0 FIGURESISQGREAH iL' fN .0&51

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PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER2003

THE WORLO BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

VIEWS OF LIJIAO SERVICE AREA PLATE N'5

SOGREAH . (SECTOR OF DONGSHIAO RD & HEFENG VILLAGE)



6. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

6.1. GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND FOR THE PRD REGION

The Project area is located in the Guangzhou metropolitan area, within the Pearl River Delta, whichforms a part of Guangdong Province.

The topography of Guangdong Province is dominated mainly by hills, with some small mountains,that are cut by numerous rivers and streams with narrow alluvial valleys. Low hills cover about 70per cent of the land area, with peaks ranging from 500 to 750 metres. A few higher peaks of 1,700metres occur in the northern part of the Province.

The central portion of the Province is dominated by the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) system, consistingof the West River (Xi), North River (Bei) and the East River (Dong). These collect about 6.5 timesmore water than the Yellow River, with only half of the latter's basin area.

The alluvial deposits within the river system consist mainly of clay, which, with the substantialrainfall in the region, make the land suitable for the cultivation of wet rice. As a result, in earlierperiods the region was able to sustain a relatively large population and, with the higher elevationsto the north and east, it remained somewhat detached from the larger area of Central China.

Most maps show the Pearl River as the central component of the system, flowing southeast fromGuangzhou, the provincial capital. Along that journey of perhaps 60 kilometres, the broadconfluence with the other rivers occurs. This forms an extended estuary known as Pearl RiverDelta (Zhu Jiang Kou), for which Hong Kong and Macao comprise the southern boundary.

Hence, the Pearl River Delta can be defined in geographic terms as a triangle with the eastwardside extending about 120 kilometres from Guangzhou to Hong Kong and with a westward side ofabout the same length from Guangzhou to Macao. The southern side is about 60 kilometres ofopen water, except for a few islands, between Hong Kong and Macao.

6.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The present environmental situation of the Pearl River Delta and more precisely of the Guangzhouarea results from the dramatic changes the region has undergone in its population, land use andresulting environmental situation, stemming from its rapid economic development and urbanisation.

The PRD region is one of the most populated area in China. Permanent population in the areagrew quickly over the last decades not because of natural increase (the crude birth rate in the Deltaarea is below those at national or provincial level) but because of the massive in-migration.

What is called the Pearl River Delta's economic region, as defined by Guangdong ProvincialGovernment in 1994, covers 41,700 square kilometres and includes at present about 25 millionpeople, or about one third of the 75 million permanent population of Guangdong Province. Itseconomic importance is underscored by its capacity to supply 70% of gross provincial output. ThePRD has been among the fastest growing areas in China. For the past few years the growth inGDP averaged about 13% per annum, with a contribution to GDP of RMB 643.89 billion in 1999.

Of the Municipalities in the PRD, Guangzhou shows the highest contribution to the GDP with143.9 billion RMB/year and the highest average annual salary of RMB 13,059.




Of the Chinese provinces, Guangdong has one of the highest net in-migration rate, and this rate iseven considerably higher in the Delta region than in the Province as a whole. Within the region, themost industrialised sub-regions attract the most migrants. For example, the cities of Zuhai andShenzen have the greatest relative gain in in-migration, more than 10 times the average rate ofGuangdong, while, by contrast Guangzhou (as well as Foshan and Zhongshan) has experiencedonly medium gain in in-migration, more than 5 times the average level of Guangdong Province.

The population growth statistics are generally calculated on the basis of the permanent residents,but there are also in China a "floating population" living away from their permanent residence. Inthe Delta region, the floating population has been increasing because of the rapidly growing jobmarket there. In 1995, the floating population made up more than half of the floating population ofthe Guangdong Province. The ratio of floating population to permanent population in 1995according to a survey carried out in selected sub-regions gave the following results:

* Guangdong Province 10.7%* Guangzhou City 33.1%* Shenzhen City 108.4%

In 2000, the overall population of Guangdong Province was estimated at 86.4 million while itspermanent population was 75 million, resulting in a floating population of 11.4 million or about 15 %of the permanent population. Most of the statistics seem to focus only on the permanentpopulation. Indeed, if the floating population is taken into account, the population growth in theDelta region is even more dramatic with about 74.6% increase from 1986 to 1995.

According to the 2000 census, population in Guangdong Province was 86,420,000 and 39,680,000for the PRD. In Guangzhou, the total population is estimated at 7,130,000 people distributed asshown in the following table.

TABLE 6.1: COMPOSITION OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUANGZHOU

DISTRICT POPULATION AREA (KM 2)

Yue Xi District 429,400 8,9Dong Shan District 615,500 17,2Li Wan District 514,200 11,8Hai Zhu District 822,300 90,4Tian He District 582,800 108,3Bai Yun District 869,900 1 042,7Fang Cun District 181,900 42,6Huang Pu District 208,200 121,7Pan Yu District 944,400 1 313,8Hua Du District 605,100 961,1Cong Hua CLM 531,700 1 974,5Zengcheng CLM 824,600 1 741,4

TOTAL 7,130,000 7434,4

A socio-economic survey carried out by Zhongshan University for the purpose of the GPRDUEP ona sample of 1,500 households gives some information about the project area, including:* Average household size is 3.25 persons* Mean annual family income: 38,893 RMB* Mean individual income: 17,728 RMB* Mean monthly household water bill: 45.2 RMB (very low charge)

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 PAGE 53 2003- NOVEMBER



Official statistic data for the Year 2000 show that the migrant population in Guangzhou is over 4million, which account for about 47% of the total population. Often these are poorly paid migrantlabourers with poor service prevision (water, wastewater and solid waste), living in the districtssurrounding the central districts of Guangzhou. Portions of this group represent one of the majorvulnerable groups both benefiting and affected by this project.

Up to 40 minorities, such as Hui, Man, Yao, Li, Se tribes, are living in Guangzhou. The totalpopulation of minority is 134,100, about 1.35% of the total population of Guangzhou. Among theseminorities, Hui, Man and Se have the longest history of living in Guangzhou. They moved intoGuangzhou since middle of Ming dynasty. Other minorities have only been living in Guangzhou fordecades, mainly because of education or retirement from the army. Minorities are mainly living inurban area. Hui and Man minorities are living in Dongshan, Liwan, Yuexiu and Haizhu districts; Sepeople are mainly staying in Zengcheng, and there is one minority village, named Xiashui Sevillage, in Zengcheng area; Weiwuer people are living in Sanyuanli area of Baiyun district. Becauseof living with Han people for fairly long time, minorities in Guangzhou have almost the same livingstyles, including food, cultural, clothes, working style.

6.3. URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE

The economic development of the region resulted in both positive and adverse effects regardingenvironmental conditions.

On the positive side, the increased population growth and wealth resulted in a significantimprovement in housing condition, both in terms of equipment and space. For example, the percapita floor space in Guangzhou Municipality remained almost constant from 1965 to 1980 at only3 to 4 m2/capita. But by 1995, it was about 3 times this value (10 m2/capita) even though thepopulation continued to grow. This situation stemmed partly from rising income and partly fromgovernment encouragement of a free housing market through special policies to foster housingdevelopment.

Also, the expansion of green space in urban area is another example of positive effects ofeconomic development in the region. In Guangzhou, the municipal government allocates asignificant part of its fiscal budget to the development and maintenance of urban green space. As aresult, the green area per capita in the city between 1990 and 1995 raised from 40 m2/capita toabout 70 m2/capita. At the level of the Guangdong Province3, the development objectives in theurban areas is to reach 100 m2/capita by 2010 and 130 m2/capita by 2020. Similar objectives forPRD region are respectively 130 m2 and 150 M2.

The socio-economic survey carried out by Zongshan University reveals that people satisfied by thepresent municipal environmental services is a large majority of interviewees: 83.6% are satisfied bysolid waste collection, 81.3% are satisfied by street cleaning and 77% by trash can cleaning.

6.4. CULTURAL HERITAGE

With a history of about 2000 years, Guangzhou City is the capital and the political, economic,cultural and transportation centre of the Guangzhou Province. As one of the famous historic andcultural city acknowledged by the State, she has a great deal of historical relics, where 155 siteswere classified as national, provincial and city level Protected Historical Relics Sites as of 1999. Ofwhich King Nanyue's Tomb, Guangxiao Temple, Liurong Temple and Huaisheng Temple came intoexistence more than 1000 years ago.

3 Guangdong Province Constnuction Commission, 2002. Guangdong Province City and Town System Plan. Outline of main report.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N ° 355073 PAGE 54 2003-NOVEMBER



At present, no indication leads to the conclusion that any site of historical or archaeologicalimportance may overlap with project component sites. If this issue is most probably not of concernin the VVWTP sites of Dashadi and Liede, some relicts from older infrastructures of the city may bediscovered during the network construction. This happened recently during excavations in BeijingLu, where previous road surface from the Ming period was discovered, and is presently on displayfor the public interest through glass pavement. Measures for monitoring and conservation areproposed in the EMP.

6.5. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY

6.5.1. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE

Inventories in the Guangdong Province reported more than 6,000 plant species. Among these,more than 50% have an economic utilisation including 1,800 types used in traditional Chinesemedicine.

Because of its contrasted natural habitats ranging from hilly forests to flood plains, biodiversity inGuangdong Province is considered as important. Recent investigation reported the presence of102 mammal, 405 bird and 138 amphibian species. Among these, 35 species are classified asClass 1 Protected species and 151 species as Class 2 Protected Species. When compared toProtected Species at National Level, Guangdong Province shelters 23% of Class 1 and 40% ofClass 2 Protected Species.

Since China signed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunaand Flora in 1980, it has taken strenuous efforts to protect rare wild animals and plants. It hasestablished an effective administrative system of wildlife conservation, which integrates a batch ofrelevant laws and regulations. Efforts are made towards education in order to limit the hunting anduse of wildlife for medicine or for eating.

Signs of the South China tiger, one of the world's top 10 endangered species, have been seenfrequently in the mountains of northern Guangdong recently. Since 1990, tiger trails have beenrecorded 34 times by a provincial reserve for the species in Guangdong; eyewitnesses reportedsightings four times and others have found tiger excrement, footprints and scratches and heardroars. South China tiger usually needs an exclusive territory of over 200 kM2, and primarily lived incouch-grass. In the rural areas of Guangdong, hares flourished as a result of the ban of huntingguns, and tigers might have found hares a reliable food source. Currently, only 57 South Chinatigers are living in captivity, and none has been captured alive in the past 40 years. Experts believethat fewer than 20 wild tigers are still living in South China forests.

In year 2000, 95 Nature Reserves (NR) were registered in Guangdong Province, including 11National NR, 49 Provincial or Municipal NR and 35 County NR, representing a total area of941,400 ha or about 5% of the Province area. This may be compared to the country situation with1146 Nature Reserve (including 150 National NR) for a total area of 88,152,400 ha or 8.8% ofcountry area . At national level, the objective for year 2010 is to reach 1800 NR, covering 155million ha or about 16% of china territory.

6.5.2. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF GUANGZHOU URBAN REGION

Even in densely urbanised areas, vegetation cover does exist. Generally different from the initialtypes of vegetation, the urban vegetation relies on several local vegetal species for thebeautification of the city, mainly in the humid tropical region of Guangzhou were several nativespecies may adapt to urban stress and pollution. Three main urban-forest vegetation types may beobserved in Guangzhou metropolitan area, associated with three different land uses: institutional,parks and roadside.




During a survey4 held recently, 246 tree species belonging to 64 families have been observed inGuangzhou central built-up areas over a total study area of 55 kM2, including 371 ha of urban parks(21 parks), 580 ha of institutional grounds and 110 ha of roadside amenity area. Such a biodiversityis high compared with temperate latitude cities. Indeed, the natural climax vegetation, semi-evergreen tropical forest, furnishes a high diversity of trees dominated by Lauraceae, Moraceaeand Caesalpinaceae.

Parks and roadside areas have a lower species richness (biodiversity) than institutional forests.Park habitat has relatively more room for species, biomass and floral enrichment. The roadsideforest shows the highest density with full utilisation of plantable space whereas institutional foresthas distinct composition and character, less dominated by common or ubiquitous species andsheltering more solitary or rare species.

Native species exceed exotic ones in roadside forest, probably because their biological adaptationto local soils and climate give them more facilities to resist the harsh conditions of roadsides. In theinstitutional and park forests, the reverse situation is observed where introduced species dominateover native ones.

The top 5 species account for one quarter of the trees, the top 13 for half and the top 50 for threequarter. Some 73 species are represented by less than 10 individuals each. This domination bypopular species is extreme in roadside forest where the top 6 species represent more than 50% oftrees surveyed. The twenty most common native and exotic species observed in Guangzhou built-up area are listed below.

TABLE 6.2: LIST OF THE 20 MOST COMMON TREE SPECIES OF GUANGZHOU URBAN FOREST.

Rank Species Family Remarks

1 Ficus virens Moraceae Most common native

2 Caryota mitis Arecaceae Most common palm

3 Melaleuca leucadendra Myrtaceae Most common exotic

4 Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpiniaceae Most common flowering species

5 Aleurites moluccana Euphorbiaceae

6 Ficus microcarpa Moraceae

7 Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae

8 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae

9 Michelia alba Magnoliaceae Most common exotic flowering species

10 Livistona chinensis Arecaceae

11 Bombax malabaricum Bombaceae Emblem tree of Guangzhou City

12 Chukrasia tabularis Meliaceae

13 Acacia confusa Mimosaceae

14 Eucalyptus tereticornis Myrtaceae Most common Australian gum

15 Pinus massoniana Pinaceae Most common conifer

16 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Most common fruit-tree spedes

17 Roystonea regia Arecaceae

18 Broussonetia papyrifera Moraceae

19 Cinnamomum burmanii Lauraceae

20 Bauhinia blakeana Caesalpiniaceae

4 C. Y.Jim, 2002. Heterogeneity and differentiation of the tree flora in three major land uses in Guangzhou City, China. Ann. For. Sci. 59 (2002), pp107-118.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 PAGE 56 2003.- NOVEMBER


GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES


6.5.3. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF PROJECT SITES

Project sites are all located within urbanized areas and offer limited value regarding the naturalenvironment. The site for Dashadi is inside industrial area, occupied by industrial or storagebuildings. Vegetation is almost absent and wildlife probably limited to rodents.

The site for Liede has been more preserved from buildings and offers an open field with a clearvegetation cover mainly consisting of annual herbaceous plants growing in abandoned areas andalong road channels, without particular value for wildlife. Few birds can be observed around thesite.

6.6. AQUATIC ECOLOGY

6.6.1. METHODOLOGY

Investigation on current aquatic environment was carried out by GRIEP in the context of thepresent EA and covered 3 components: Phytoplankton community, benthic animal community, andfish species.

Phytoplankton (algal) sampling was performed along the river reaches of the Front Channel inSeptember 2001, in three stations already used for water quality monitoring: Liede, Chepo andHuangpu.

Areas of ecological investigation for Liede 3 and Dashadi 1 are presented in Figures 5.1 and 5.2.

6.6.2. RESULTS OF SURVEY

6.6.2.1. INVESTIGATIONS ON ALGAE, CHLOROPHYLL-A AND BIODIVERSITY

Results of investigation are expressed as number of algal cells observed, concentration ofChlorophyll-A and as the Shanon-Weaver Index (diversity index), and are compared to thereference standards presented in the following table.

TABLE 6.3: BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR WATER BODY CLASSIFICATION

standard >3 1-3 0-1Shanon-Weaver

index MediumClassification Slight pollution pollution Heavy pollution

standard < 300,000 300,000- >1,000,000Evaluation Number of algal cells 1,000,000Methods per litre Low level of Medium level of High level of

Classification Lwlvlo eimlvlo ihlvlonutrients nutrients nutrients

standard <4 4-10 >10Chlorophyll-a

in mg/mr Low level of Medium level of High level ofClassification nutrients nutrients nutrients

Result of sampling campaign is provided in the table below.




TABLE 6.4: ALGAL COMMUNITY AND CHLOROPHYLL-A

SAMPLING STATION LIEDE CHEPO HUANGPU

Total Pret Total Pret Total Pecn (number/L) Percent (%) (number/L) Perce (%) (number/L) (%)

Chlorophytae 1414000 50.3 1017000 55.12 1656000 57.52

Pyrrophytae 5000 0.18 2000 0.11 1000 0.54

Bacillanophytae 564000 20.06 569000 30.84 591000 32.19

Cyanophytae 669000 23.80 92000 4.99 41000 2.23

Algal Englenophytae 48000 1.71 50000 2.71 51000 2.78groups

Chryptophytae 111000 3.95 115000 6.23 87000 4.74

Total 2811000 100 1845000 100 1836000 100

Classification High nutrient level High nutrient level High nutrient level

chlorophyll-a Concentration 61.04 39.68 39.48(mg/mr) classification High nutrient level High nutrient level High nutrient level

Shanon- Indexvalue 1.201 1.121 1.501Weaverindex (Dl) classification Medium pollution level Medium pollution level Medium pollution level

Results show more than 2.5 million cells in average in the 3 stations, with an average content ofalmost 55 mg/m3 of Chlorophyll-A. The Shanon-Weaver Index ranges from 1.20 in Liede, to 1.48 inChepo and 1.50 in Huangpu.

The concerned river reach may be classified as presenting a high nutrient level associated to amedium pollution level.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 PAGE 58 2003 - NOVEMBER

J~~~~~ A

j x * araF. . . '4 - .I

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0.

K M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A ~~~~FIUE 6.1 WAE QULIY AQAi ECLG AND AIR QULT SREYwwVr~t AREAS- FO fIED

F -., ' -'. 'i --, r-' > .........

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~~~. * WATARQAAAJIYMCAOAA11C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-T RE 0 1

KM ¾; ;~ / /lfit' AC \,2 ' !TfrIVcSAI

FIGURE 6.1: WATER QUALITY, AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND AIR QUALITY SURVEY AREAS FOR LIEDE 3

_-R 17 / 8$ _ - -' -ir't,2|-+1 -'" r' r LEGEND

_~~~~~~~~~ I Tb X . rE. 0 ,N%19,jo

4 IT A -- ;-; E 'r AREA

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*j~~ ~ ~'T ' I -f..r I * a

A ~ ~~~~ 5n. F * &, --~~~~'j ~ ~ ~ 4t

FIGURE 6.2: WATER QUALITY, AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND AIR QUALITY SURVEY AREAS FOR DASHADI J


, ;S~~~~~~~~~ / * .~~~~~~~AQUATIC AND AIR SURVEY AREAS FIGURESSOGREAH J,- ~~~FOR LIEDE 3 AND DASHADI 1 N . .



6.6.2.2. FISH CONTAMINATION

Some fish samples were collected in the Front Channel to carry out measurement of heavy metalconcentrations in their tissues (muscle and liver). Sampling area is presented on Figure 6.1.Results provided in the following table show that if all samples satisfy the standard for maximumconcentration of Mercury (Hg<0.3 mg/kg), standard for Manganese (MN<4 mg/kg) and standard forZinc (Zn<10 mg/kg) are exceeded in liver samples.

TABLE 6.5: AVERAGE CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS IN FISH LIVING IN THE FRONT CHANNEL (UNIT: MGIKG WET WEIGHT)

Total Body AVERAGE CONTENTFISH SPECIES Age length length Weight Sample OF HEAVY METALS

(cm) (cm) (g) Hg Zn Mn

Almost 1 ~~~~~Flesh 0.011 4.71 0.149Clarias fusas Almost 1 27.7 24.2 164

year Liver 0.033 12.8 1.32

Squaliobarbus curriculus Almost 1 16.5 14.0 44 Flesh 0.008 9.81 0.238year Liver 0.016 30.9 8.70

Culterpseudobrevicauda Almost 1 26.4 21.8 122 Flesh 0.006 5.55 0.332(Nichols et Pope) year Liver 0.018 16.4 1.19

It may be concluded that pollution by heavy metals does exist in the river and accumulates in fish.But species concerned and living in the Front Channel are species presenting significant toleranceto pollution, to low dissolved oxygen and being of limited economic value. According to Chinastandards, Clarias fusas is classified with "high tolerance to pollution" while two other speciespresent "medium tolerance". Regarding incidence on public health, fishing is not carried out inthese reaches of river and fish muscles which are eaten still cope with standards.

6.7. CLIMATE

The area is located in the subtropical monsoon zone, characterised by a summer rainy seasonfrom April to September and a dry season during the cold period, from October to March. However,rain is observed all year long, the driest month being December with an average of about 23 mmrainfall and about 3 rainy days. During the winter season, clouds cover is frequent, reducing thedaily average of sunshine hours when compared to summer. Wind direction follows the generalpattern of the monsoon movement, blowing from North to North-East during winter time and fromSouth to South-East during summer monsoon time. Key climate parameters for Guangzhou areprovided in the following table.

TABLE 6.6 : SOME KEY CLIMATE PARAMETERS FOR GUANGZHOU (AVERAGE MONTHLY VALUES OVER 30 YEARS)

J F M A M Jn Jl A S 0 N D Year

Temperature (°c): S

Maximum 18.3 18.4 21.6 25.5 29.4 31.3 32.7 32.6 31.4 28.6 24.4 20.5 26.2

Minimum 9.8 11.3 14.9 19.1 22.7 24.5 25.3 25.2 23.8 20.5 15.7 11.1 18.6

Average 13.3 14.3 17.7 21.9 25.6 27.3 28.5 28.3 27.1 24.0 19.4 15.0 21.9

Rainfall (mm) 43.2 64.8 85.3 181.9 283.6 257.7 227.6 220.6 172.4 79.3 42.1 23.5 1682

Rainydays* 4.7 7.3 10.0 11.6 14.4 15.4 12.0 12.8 9.8 5.0 3.6 2.9 109.5

Sunshine (hrs/day) 4.3 2.7 2.4 2.6 4.1 5.0 7.1 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.4 4.9

Wind direction N/NE N/NE N/NE SE SE SE S S S N N N -

*Day considered as rainy for rainfall 1 mm or above




TABLE 6.7 ANNUAL AND MONTHLY WIND DIRECTION FREQUENCIES FOR GUANGZHOU (% OF TIME)

WIND DIRECTION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT Nov DEC YEAR

N 18.4 14.2 8.0 6.2 4.2 2.0 1.4 1.6 9.8 18.8 12.0 15.0 9.4

NNE 11.6 9.2 7.8 4.2 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 6.0 12.6 13.8 10.6 7.0

NE 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.6 4.6 4.2 2.0 5.4 5.8 7.6 6.2 7.0 4.3

ENE 2.2 3.0 1.6 3.6 4.2 4.2 3.6 4.0 6.4 3.4 4.0 2.8 3.6

E 1.6 4.6 3.0 4.0 7.4 10.0 11.8 8.6 7.8 4.8 2.8 3.4 5.8

ESE 1.6 4.4 8.2 10.0 8.2 8.4 9.6 4.4 2.8 2.0 2.6 1.6 5.3

SE 1.2 5.4 8.6 13.2 12.2 15.8 14.6 8.2 5.6 3.0 3.0 1.8 7.7

SSE 3.6 4.6 8.4 12.0 17.6 19.8 22.2 14.0 4.8 2.8 2.2 2.4 9.5

S 1.0 2.4 1.8 2.2 4.4 4.4 6.2 4.6 1.2 1.4 0.6 0.8 2.6

SSW 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.2 3.2 2.8 1.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.3

SW 0.0 0 0 0.8 2.0 2.8 1.0 3.0 2.6 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.4

WSW 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.6

W 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 2.2 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.8 1.0

WNW 3.0 1.6 1.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 2.6 1.8 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.4

NW 1.8 2.4 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.4 2.6 3.6 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.4

NNW 14.6 14.2 11.0 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.6 4.0 9.6 12.0 12.6 11.0 8.3

Calm 36.8 32.2 33.4 32.4 24.4 20.2 16.2 30.0 32.2 23.2 33.2 36.8 29.3

As presented in the table, almost one-third of the time, the weather is calm, without perceptiblewind.

6.8. GENERAL HYDROLOGY OF PRD

The Pearl River is the largest river in south China, formed by the confluence of three rivers: theXijiang, the Beijiang and Dongjiang rivers. The Xijiang and Beijiang rivers join at Sixianjiao ofSanshui City, Guangdong Province, while the Dongjiang river flows into Guangdong Province atShilong Town, Dongguan City. The Pearl River then flows into the South China Sea through eightlarge outlets, namely Humen, Jiaomen, Hongqimen, Hengmen, Modaomen, Jitimen, Hutiaomenand Yamen outlets. The Xijiang river, which is the trunk of the Pearl River, flows into the South Seaat Modaomen outlet with a total length of 2,214 km. Total watershed of the Xijiang is 353,120 kM2,which accounts for 77.8% of the total watershed of the Pear River. The Beijiang river covers awatershed of 46,710 kM2, (10.3% of total). The Dongjiang river covers a watershed of 27,040 kM2,(5.96% of total).

The annual average flow of the Pearl River is 336,000 millions m3, of which 238,000 millions m3

come from the Xijiang River, 39,400 from the Beijiang River, 23,800 from the Dongjiang River and34,800 from other branches of the PRD. Distribution of the flow follows the monsoon pattern: 80%of the flow occurs during the wet season (April till September), with 50% of the total flow recordedfrom June to August. The average dry season flow (from October to March) is 80,300 million m3

and only accounts for 24% of the annual average flow.

The Pearl River provides abundant water for its watershed population. Average water resources inthe PR watershed is 4,700 m3 per capita, which is about 1.7 times the national average. Sedimentconcentration is not high with an annual average of 88.7 million tons, or 249 mg/I. About 20% of thesediment is deposited in the PRD region with the other 80% transported to South China Sea.




The Pearl River is a tidal river. Its tidal pattern belongs to the mixed semidiurnal tidal cycle. Thetidal difference of high tide and low tide is small with the average tidal difference of 0.86-1.6m. Theaverage total flood tide is 376.2 km3 while the average total ebb tide is 702.2 km3 . The net ebb tideis 326 km3 per year.

TABLE 6.8: FLOW DISTRIBUTION AT THE EIGHT OUTLETS OF THE PEARL RIVER (% OF TOTAL FLOW)

PERIOD EASTERN FOUR OUTLETS WESTERN FOUR OUTLETS

Humen Jiaomen Hongqimen Hengmen Total Modaomen Jitimen Hutiaomen Yamen Total

1960-70 16.0 17.1 15.9* 12.4 61.4 24.7 4.7 3.6 5.6 38.6

1980 18.5 17.3 6.4 11.2 53.4 28.6 6.1 6.2 6.0 46.6

1990 (1) 25.1 12.6 11.3 14.5 63.5 24.9 2.8 3.9 4.7 36.5Source: Provincial Hydroelectricity Design Institute

TABLE 6.9: TYPICAL TIDE FLOW DISTRIBUTION AT THE OUTLETS OF THE PEARL RIVER (UNIT: KM3)

Mean Tide Humen Jiaomen Hongqimen Hengmen Modaomen Jitimen Hutiaomen Yamen Total 8Conditions outlets

Flood tide flow 167.8 52.3 39.5 50.1 93.7 13.2 17.0 44.7 482.2

% distribution 35.1 10.9 8.3 10.5 19.6 2.7 3.5 9.3 100%

Ebb tide flow 85.5 11.0 2.3 2.4 12.0 3.9 4.1 29.0 150.5

% distribution 56.9 7.3 1.6 1.6 8.0 2.6 2.7 19.3 100%

Net ebb flow 82.3 41.3 37.2 47.7 81.7 9.3 12.9 15.7 331.7

%distribution 25.1 12.5 11.3 14.5 24.9 2.8 3.9 4.8 100%

6.9. SURFACE WATER QUALITY ISSUES

6.9.1. PRESENT SITUATION IN CHINA AND IN PEARL RIVER

Rapid urbanization in China over the last decades and industrial development have often outpacedthe actions and investments needed to halt serious problems of river water pollution and solidwaste collection and disposal. The situation in year 2000 is presented in the following table, forChina PDR and the Pearl River system.

TABLE 6.10: PERCENTAGE OF RIVER REACHES MEETING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS IN 2000

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 <5

China PDR* 16.6 26.1 15.7 21.8 6.0 13.9

PR (Guangdong Province)** 6.8 42.4 10.2 25.4 10.2 5.1

Pearl River (urban zones)*** 15.8 26.3 0.0 31.6 10.5 15.8

Based on 7 large river basins: Yangtse, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua, Huai, Hai and Liao River59 reaches of river in urban areas19 reaches of river system

The three main branches of the Pearl River Delta and many of its tributaries draining the urbanarea are heavily polluted. In the Pearl River urban zones, almost 60% of the river reachesconcerned were ranked quality 4, 5 and above. As a result, sources of clean drinking water areprogressively threatened by pollution. Map of Hydrological and Water Quality Monitoring Stations ispresented in Figure 6.3.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NC 355073 PAGE 62 2003 - NOVEMBER



6.9.2. PRESENT SITUATION IN THE GUANGZHOU MUNICIPALITY

6.9.2.1. CURRENT MONITORING FOR WATER QUALITY

Environmental Protection Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality is in charge of monitoring the waterquality of the Pearl River reaches located within the boundaries of the Municipality. For the purposeof the present Project, 8 stations have been selected, which are presented on Figure 6.4. Upstreamstations on the West channel are represented by Yagang (1), Yingjinghai (2) and Huangsha (3)stations. Liede (4) station is located on the Front Channel, Donglang (5) and Changzhou (6)stations are located on the Back Channel. Duntouji (7) and Lianhuashan (8)are located on thedownstream reach of the Huangpu river.

Sampling is carried out 6 times per year, with 2 samples each time (surface and bottom water), andsometimes a separate sampling for high and low tide. A total of 12 to 24 samples are collectedannually per station. According to the previous standards, sampling was performed in January andFebruary (dry season), in June and July (wet season) and in September and October (inter-season). The new standards (GB 3838-2002) fix the sampling period in January and March (dryseason), in May and July (wet season) and in September and November (inter-season), thisdistribution looking more representative of the yearly cycle.

6.9.2.2. RESULTS FOR YEAR 2000

Results for year 2000 are presented in the following table. Figures depict the variation of some keyparameters during dry, wet and inter seasons along the river stations for the front and the backchannel.

TABLE 6.11: WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS FOR YEAR 2000 (SOURCE: GUANGZHOu EPB)

Station Period pH SS DS DO CODM, BOD NH3-N NH4+-N NO2--N NO3--N

wetseason 7.15 41 33.8 3.7 3.61 2.87 0.021 1.500 0.311 1.360YaGang dry season 7.16 40 43.9 1.8 4.83 3.87 0.006 0.010 0.243 2.510

average 7.04 45 33.7 3.5 3.70 2.03 0.004 0.360 0.197 2.600

wetseason 7.17 50 41.1 2.5 1.07 3.52 0.037 2.100 0.296 1.440YinJingHai dry season 7.26 46 56.9 0.7 5.66 4.81 0.034 4.010 0.203 1.300

average 7.08 57 44.7 2.5 4.21 3.69 0.014 1.210 0.282 2.260wetseason 7.35 51 48.4 24 5.01 4.06 0.066 3.020 0.310 1.100

HuangSha dry season 7.35 57 66.3 0.6 7.23 6.38 0.071 7.410 0.075 0.341average 7.24 52 51.5 2.9 4.99 4.34 0.034 2.220 0.292 1.500wetseason 7.31 48 49.2 1.4 5.11 4.27 0.063 3.250 0.300 0.995

LieDe dry season 7.33 65 68.8 0.4 9.00 7.7 0.082 9.340 0.063 0.245average 7.29 69 54.4 1.0 5.51 4.78 0.044 2.650 0.212 0.871

wetseason 7.42 51 49.0 4.4 4.31 3.32 0.039 1.720 0.171 1.220DongLang dry season 7.34 49 66.9 1.3 7.29 5.77 0.060 6.580 0.068 0.294

average 7.26 43 52.6 2.7 4.99 4.18 0.026 1.750 0.250 1.280wetseason 7 41 46 47.8 3.7 3.59 2.73 0.041 1.730 0.198 1.100

ChangZhou dry season 7 34 54 70.2 2.0 5.53 4.35 0.049 5.420 0.236 0.779average 7.23 55 51.2 3.2 3.84 3.11 0.022 1.350 0.207 2.030wetseason 7.34 44 47.4 3.7 3.50 3.21 0.029 1.430 0.307 1.200

DunTouJi dry season 7.26 55 75.7 3.4 4.93 4.85 0.028 3.740 0.332 1.580average 7 11 58 49.6 3.2 3.85 3.01 0.006 0.530 0.136 3.040wetseason 7.32 44 41.0 3.5 2.79 1.93 0.021 1.080 0.288 1.170

LianHuaShan dry season 7.25 46 72.3 3.7 4 06 3.55 0.013 1.820 0.226 1.580average 7.11 62 46.3 3.5 3.48 2.45 0.004 0.350 0.111 2.800


U

in ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~" '.'F~f

rn~~~~~~~~~~I

In~~~~~~~~0Sborp~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I wsibo

LegendM WMer Qu.aty Morn S onngOrlS Ur

1J yckidruicStations

FIGURE 6.3: WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS OF THE PRDLEGEND

-WATER QUALITYMONITORING STATION

YAGANG INDV~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*ROSTRIAL WATER INTAKE

YINGJINGHAI

HUANGSHA~

LIEDE *

DONGLANG

,/,,ffi0 C 04 tV<NEi*CXOs msRCHANGZHOU

PINGZHOU ~~~~~~~~~~~~DUNTOUJI"

1' ~~~~~~~j ~~~LIANHLUASHAN ~

FIGURE 6.4: WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS OF THE GUANGZHou BRANCHES OF PRD

PEOPLE's REPUB3LIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

SOGREAH ~~~ HYDROLOGICAL AND WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS FIGURESSOGREAH ~~~PEARL RIVER DELTA AND GUANGZHou BRANCHES No 6.3 8& 6.4



TABLE 6.11: WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS FOR YEAR 2000 (CONTINUED)

Station Period CN As Hg (10-3) Cr6 Pb Cd Oil EC TN TP CI

wet season 0.002 O 0.02 0.002 0.0053 0.00003 0.06 207 3.10 0.18 18.3

YaGang dry season 0.002 0 0.02 0.002 0.0038 0.00003 0.07 318 4.19 0.13 39.4

average 0.002 0 0.10 0.002 0.0027 0.00003 0.05 241 3.65 0.13 25.2

wet season 0.002 0 0.02 0.002 0.0061 0.00003 0.10 248 4.60 0.26 49.6

YinJingHai dry season 0.002 0.01 0.03 0.002 0.0057 0.00006 0.13 412 5.74 0.31 48.6

average 0.002 0 0.14 0.002 0.0046 0.00004 0.06 312 4.13 0.24 32.6

wet season 0.002 0 0.03 0.002 0.0068 0.00007 0.12 265 4.82 0.23 20.8

HuangSha dry season 0.002 0.01 0.02 0.002 0.0096 0.00009 0.18 489 8.18 0.48 55.6

average 0.002 0 0.11 0.002 0.0081 0.00006 0.06 325 4.10 0.21 29.7

wetseason 0.002 0 0.05 0.002 0.0073 0.00001 0.11 278 4.93 0.31 21.2

LieDe dry season 0.002 0.01 0.03 0.002 0.0124 0.00012 0.23 497 10.25 0.78 55.6

average 0.002 0 0.14 0 002 0.0064 0 00003 0.08 324 4.14 0.35 28.2

wetseason 0.002 0 0.05 0002 0.0075 0.00011 0.08 225 3.50 0.16 12.2

DongLang dry season 0.002 0.01 0.04 0.002 0.0091 0.00008 0.17 461 7.56 0.37 48.5

average 0.002 0 0.16 0.002 0.0056 0.00004 0.08 306 3.77 0.16 24.5

wet season 0.002 0 0.02 0.002 0.0064 0.00005 0.05 216 3.48 0.13 9.2

ChangZhou dry season 0.002 0.01 0 02 0.002 0.0062 0.00011 0.11 490 6.58 0.28 61.3

average 0.002 0 0.12 0.002 0.0072 0.00004 0.04 283 3.91 0.24 22.7

wet season 0.002 0 0.03 0.002 0.0056 0.00003 0.05 216 3.32 0.13 12.3

DunTouJi dry season 0.002 0 0.02 0.002 0.0067 0.00009 0.09 586 5.77 0.17 141.0

average 0.002 0 0.10 0.002 0.0120 0.00008 0.05 279 4.00 0.14 27.0

wet season 0.002 0 0.02 0.002 0.0072 0.00007 0.05 195 2.89 0.12 13.0

Lianhuashan dry season 0.002 0 0.02 0.002 0.0081 0.00030 0.08 640 3.74 0.16 200.0

average 0.002 0 0.09 0.002 0.0063 0.00010 0.05 278 3.71 0.14 31.7

Results from monitoring confirm that organic pollution from domestic and industrial wastewater isthe main problem in the Pearl River Delta.

Dissolved Oxygen is close to nil in Huangsha and Liede stations during the dry season, whenBOD5 and COD are at their maximum because of the low flow in the river. However, even the mostupstream station of Yagang presents a low dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 2 mg/l(worse than Class 5 of water quality), which is an extreme low value to accommodate any aquaticlife survival. Except the two most downstream stations of Duntouji and Lianhuashan which presentDO values of about 3.5 mg/I in dry season (Class 4 of water quality), all the other stations do notexceed 2 mg/l.

Ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus follow this trend and also show theirmaximum during dry season in Huangsha and Liede (Class 5 and worse). Other stations belong toClasses 3 and 4. Oil concentration in water is significantly high in all stations, whatever the season.Regarding this parameter, all stations classify as Class 4.

For heavy metals, water classifies generally in Class 1 quality with few exceptions: Higherconcentrations in mercury during inter-season is observed in most stations, lowering water qualityto class 3 or 4 for this parameter. Concentration in lead is slightly over the maximum limit for Class1 in Liede (dry season) and Duntouji (inter-season).




Another set of parameters is analysed, including Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids andChloride, in order to assess the effect of the tide and of the reverse flow on the salinity of theestuary and of the river branches particularly during the dry season. During the dry season,electrical conductivity of water increases regularly from upstream to downstream, as a result of amore significant backflow because of the low river discharge. The influence of more brackishwaters from the downstream part of the estuary expands up to Huangsha or even Yinjinghaistation. However, for the 2 most upstream stations, EC remains within normal values of 300 to400 pSiemens, considering the effluent discharge which supply the river with dissolved salts.

During wet and inter seasons, the values remain more stable for all the stations, at about 200 to300 pS all along the river reaches. A slight maximum is observed for the intermediary stationsduring these periods, as a result of wastewater discharge in the medium reaches. Theseobservations are confirmed by a similar evolution of the Total Dissolved Solids.

Evolution of chloride Cl- is even more typical of sea water backflow influence in the river during dryperiods. Chloride is high only in Duntouji and Lianhuashan stations. In the other stations, theconcentration remains stable around 50 mg/I. Only the station of Yinjinghai shows a slightly higherchloride concentration during wet and inter seasons, possibly because of some discharge with highchloride concentration.

Based on these few elements, it may be concluded that the influence of sea water on the estuary islimited to its downstream part and does not affect significantly the reaches located upstream ofDuntouji station, even if backflow is observed further upstream.

6.9.2.3. QUALITY OF THE DONGJIANG RIVER

The Dongjiang river joins the Huangpu reach between the Duntouji and the Lianhuashan stations.Quality of the Dongjiang river at the Nangang station upstream its confluence is presented in thefollowing table.

TABLE 6.12: WATER QUALITY OF DONGJIANG AT NANGANG STATION FOR YEAR 2000

Period pH SS DO CODMn NH3-N NO2 --N NO3.-N Hg Pb Oil TP cl

wet season 7,20 68 4,1 3,89 1,040 0,067 0,89 0,00002 0,0060 0,14 0,10 6,9

dry season 7,57 24 3,5 3,07 0,994 0,110 0,68 0,00002 0,0046 0,05 0,11 47,5

average 7,25 54 4,0 2,63 0,435 0,180 1,24 0,00006 0,0036 0,02 0,09 23,8

6.9.2.4. QUALITY OF RIVER SEDIMENTS

River bottom sediments have been sampled on 23 June 2000 in each water quality samplingstations by the Guangzhou EPB.

TABLE 6.13: QUALITY OF RIVER SEDIMENTS SAMPLED IN JUNE 2000

Stations Location As Hg Cr Pb Cu Zn Cd S2 F- phenol

YaGang middle 24.3 0.469 155.0 152 343.0 959 1.29 493.0 0.190 0.267

YinJingHai left 16.6 0.246 88.2 113 251.0 589 0.95 228.0 0.060 0.496

right 17.1 0.439 113.0 133 285.0 808 1.40 327.0 0.070 0.234

HuangSha left 20.0 0.341 136.0 177 254.0 694 1.59 123.0 0.020 0.135

right 17.4 0.425 92.9 202 226.0 1020 2.00 334.0 0.060 0.150

DongLang left 14.8 0.384 51.8 170 139.0 558 1.29 92.9 0.200 0.262

right 19.2 0.155 35.9 136 153.0 603 2.65 81.3 0.040 0.446

PingZhou middle 25.5 0.281 21.8 179 336.0 720 3.20 250.0 0.540 0.242

LieDe left 14.1 0.694 71.2 162 185.0 684 1.67 266.0 1.130 0.412

right 11.5 0.342 31.2 109 112.0 790 1.12 278.0 0.240 0.173




Stations Location As Hg Cr Pb Cu Zn Cd S2 F phenol

ChangZhou left 14.8 0.493 78.9 151 195.0 582 2.18 178.0 0.330 0.019

right 15.5 0.437 22.4 103 93.4 293 1.59 38.4 0.140 0.037

DunTouJi left 13.2 0.934 56.3 166 286.0 608 3.32 81.5 0.350 0.211

right 13.9 0.162 33.0 107 104.0 308 1.84 89.3 0.290 0.106

LianHuaShan left 3.2 0.347 20.5 66 42.0 184 1.62 76.7 0.110 0.158

right 10.7 0.141 17.8 100 87.3 299 1.79 152.0 0.100 0.127

Among the sampling stations, those which have the most polluted sediments are:* Yagang, the most upstream station: highest values for Cr, Cu, S and second highest for As and

Zn. We may possibly conclude that heavy metals discharged by the industrial areas in theupstream part of the project area are quickly adsorbed by the bottom sediments. The mostconcerned issue is that the highest polluted sediments are located in a station upstream ofseveral water intakes.

* Pingzhou, highest for As, F and second highest for Pb, Cu, Cd.* Duntouji, highest for Hg, Cd and second highest for F.* Huangsha, highest for Pb,Zn and second highest for Cr and S.

Lianhuashan shows the less polluted sediments, possibly because of the confluence withDongjiang river or more probably because of the saline influence of the sea which may favour therelease of heavy metals in salt combination in the water.

It seems that metals are quickly adsorbed by bottom sediments in the area they are released. Thismay explain the high concentrations observed in Yagang, the most upstream station, and also inDuntouji which is just downstream of the Huangpu harbour and shipyard facilities.

However, in terms of absolute level of heavy metal pollutants, all the samples present reasonablylow levels of pollution. Indeed, when compared with National standards for the pollutant content ofsludge to be used in agriculture, most of the samples analysed satisfy agricultural use. OnlyHuangsha shows slightly higher value than maximum allowed for Zinc (1020 mg/kg DS instead of1000).

6.9.3. WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION AND OBJECTIVES

6.9.3.1. CLASSIFICATION OF RIVER REACHES

6.9.3.1.1. PRESENT SITUATION

As a result of the situation presented previously, the classification of river reaches based on thePollution Index is depicted in figure 6.5. The river in the Guangzhou sections is presently classifiedClass 4 and 5 according to the Pollution Index established from monitoring results.

6.9.3.1.2. RIVER QUALITY OBJECTIVES

The Guangzhou Municipality has defined water quality objectives for the reaches of the Pearl RiverDelta concerned by the project. This is presented in Figure 6.6. As observed from a comparisonwith Figure 6.5, quality objectives have been simply fixed by raising each section quality by oneclass. Even if not the purpose of the present study, it may be mentioned here that such approach isnot appropriate as the quality objective for a specific reach does not reflect its intended future use.Improving the water quality of a river is costly, and priorities must be established. River reacheswhere water intakes for drinking water supply are existing or proposed or threatened must receivehighest priority. Similarly, those located in residential areas where beautification programs areplanned should also receive special consideration and be considered for priority upgrading of waterquality.




6.9.4. SENSITIVE SPOTS

Water quality in the study area, particularly in the Guangzhou Sections of the Pearl River Delta isextremely poor. Most sections of the Pearl River around Guangzhou in the dry season are atClass V or even less, and are not suitable as a supply for urban water supply; the urban creeks inGuangzhou fall below Class V and can be considered to be essentially open sewers. Continueddevelopment and intensification of the urbanisation without significant improvements in bothwastewater collection and treatment, will further jeopardise water intakes and water supplies inclose proximity to the waste water discharges.

A particular feature of the Pearl River Delta is the tidally induced flows. This means that certainwater intakes which are ostensibly upstream of point pollution discharges, can in fact be impactedby these discharges. Clearly to remove discharges as far downstream as possible of the waterintakes would be a wise strategy.

A number of industrial water intakes also exist along the river, some of them even within the urbanreaches of the PR. Figure 6.4 shows location of the main water intakes.

Of particular concern is the Yuancun Industrial Intake, located 750 m downstream the outfalllocation of the Liede WWTP and the Chepo Intake located 3250 m downstream. One industrialwater intake (Guangzhou Petrochemical Corporation) is also located 250 m upstream the proposedDashadi 1 outfall. Subsequent information gathered during the finalisation of the EA indicates thatthe Yuancun Intake is no longer used and that the GPC intake is only used during high flowperiods. This is not surprising given the poor water quality of the Pearl River at these locations.


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THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSM ENT 35-5073

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6.9.5. WATER QUALITY SURVEY AT PROJECT SITES

Aside from existing data of current long term water quality monitoring activities by EPB-GD andEPB-GZ, the Guangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Protection (GRIEP) organized watersamplings in additional locations around the Liede and Dashadi WWTP project sites. These datawere subsequently used to carry out a near-field water quality model of the river reach which willeventually receive the treated effluent. Results from GRIEP surveys are provided in Appendix 4.

6.9.5.1. LIEDE WWTP SITE

In Liede, sampling was carried out from Haiyinqiao, Liede and Chepo stations. Exact location ofthese additional sampling points are provided on the following Figure 6.7. According to regulationGB-3838-2002, Haiyinqiao and Liede stations should satisfy Class IlIl for water quality and Chepostation Class IV.

However, results from October 2002 sampling show that the three stations are generally worsethan Class IlIl and for some parameters worse than Class IV. Standard concentration are generallyexceeded for DO, NH3-N, OIL, TN, TP, BOD5 , CODc, and bacteria.

6.9.5.2. DASHADI WWTP SITE

In Dashadi, sampling was carried out from Dajisha (upstream), Wenchong Shipyard and Duntouji(downstream). Sites are presented on Figure 6.8.

According to the regulation GB-3838-2002, all 3 stations should already satisfy Class IV for waterquality. As shown in the following table, the present situation is still far from this objective, and thewater quality observed is worse than Class V, depending on the parameter considered.

TABLE 6.14: CURRENT WATER QUALITY CLASS OF DASHADI RIVER REACH

DO BOD5 NH3-N CODcr Oil TP TN NO2-N-

IPoluioUXtjn 1.4-5.0 1.6-2.5 0.6-1.3 1.1-1.4 08- 47 1.3-2.6 0.06-Index 0.18 1.4 0.14Dajisha

WQ IV to >V > V IlI to IV V to >V IlI to V I to >V V to <V II toIIClass

,Pollut'ion 2.2-4.8 1.8-2.6 0.3-0.6 0.7-1.1 0.08 0 3-0 7 0.79 0.02-Wenchong index 0.12 1.19 0.05

shipyard WQ IV to V > V II to Ill IVto V I To IV II to Ill > V I To llClass

Plollution 1.4-4.8 1.4-2.7 0.04- 0.9-2.1 0.4 0.02- 0.1-0.8 0.001index 0.3 0.02Duntouji

WQ IVtoV V I TO H IVto >V I I toV I to [V IClass

6.9.5.3. NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT

According to the water quality monitoring data from 1996 to 2000, all the creeks presently drainingthe area of future network extension exceed the WQ class IV and sometimes class V. Samplingsites are presented on Figure 6.9.


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6.9.6. SOURCES OF POLLUTION

The Project aims at collecting and treating the pollutant load generated by the urban catchmentsand presently drained to the river by septic urban creeks. An estimate of the discharge from thesecreeks and its related pollution load to the river has been established for the purpose of the far-fieldmodel. Estimated pollution loads for 2000 and 2010 are presented for each creek in the specificreport on PRD Guangzhou Sections Modelling Study (R3-Volume 5).

6.10. AIR QUALITY

The Government has imposed over the last decade a severe policy to curve down the increasingair pollution resulting from transport and industrial activities. In year 2000, it is estimated that therelease of pollutants in the atmosphere concerned mainly SO2 (905,000 tons/year), Smoke(264,500 tons/year) and Dust (590,700 tons/year). Except SO2, release of smoke and dust wererespectively reduced by 21% and 37% when compared to their emission in 1999. The air quality inGuangzhou is reasonably good, and significantly better than other major urban areas in China.

In order to establish a reliable baseline condition of air quality in the vicinity of the projectcomponents, the GRIEP implemented several monitoring points inside and around the projectsites.

6.10.1. LIEDE 3 WWTP SITE

According to its urban location, the air quality of the plant site should follow Class II standard of theregulation GB3095-1996. For the purpose of establishing the baseline situation and to allow furthermodel simulation and future monitoring, 5 monitoring spots were selected inside and outside thesite, as depicted on Figure 6.10. The 5 sampling spots were located as follows:* Spot 1-Eastern: Yuancun residential area* Spot 2-Southern: North bank of the Front Channel* Spot 3-Western: Government residential building* Spot 4-Northern: Tancun residential area* Spot 5: inside proposed project site

Six parameters have been measured, namely SO2, NO2, H2S, NH3, S-methanol and total bacteria.Monitoring period took place from September 26th to 30th, 2002. Sampling frequency for SO2, NO2,H2S, NH3 and S-methanol was 4 samples/day, and for total bacteria, 3 samples/day.

Results from the survey are provided in the following tables, for S02, N02 and the various odourpollutants (H2S, NH3, S-methanol).




TABLE 6.15: RESULTS FOR SO2 (in mglm3)

Monitoring spot Hourly Daily average Max. Daily averageConcentration Concentration Concentration

Range Range

1 0.0035(y)-0.183 0.050-0.082 0.082

2 0.0035(y)-0.130 0.005-0.055 0.055

3 0.0035(y)-0.140 0.031-0.068 0.068

4 0.0035(y)-0.126 0.005-0.055 0.055

5 0.007-0.069 0.007-0.031 0.031

Standard Class Ij 0.50 -- 0.15

TABLE 6.16: RESULTS FOR NO2 (in mglm3)

Monitoring spot Hourly Daily average Max. Daily averageConcentration Concentration Concentration

Range Range

1 0.006-0.107 0.02-0.07 0.07

2 0.011-0.051 0.02-0.04 0.04

3 0.012-0.138 0.03-0.07 0.07

4 0.014-0.051 0.02-0.03 0.03

5 0.002(y)-0.100 0.03-0.06 0.06

Standard Class Ij 0.24 -- 0.12




TABLE 6.17: RESULTS FOR ODOUR COMPONENTS (in mg/m3)

Item Monitoring Spot Hourly average Exceeding StandardsConcentration standards

Range (%)

1 0.001-0.005 0

2 Undetected -0.006 0

H2S 3 undetected-0.004 0 0.01

4 undetected-0.003 0

5 undetected-0.003 0

1 undetected-0.02 0

2 undetected 0

NH3 3 undetected-0.03 0 0.20

4 undetected 0

5 0.06-0.08 0

1 undetected 0

2 undetected 0

methonal 3 undetected 04 undetected 0

5 undetected 0

As observed on these measures, all sampled sites respect the standards for the parameterscontrolled.

Regarding bacteria measurement, results expressed in number/plate show also low contamination:* Spot 1: 13* Spot 2: 18* Spot 3: 28* Spot 4: 11* Spot 5: 37

6.10.2. DASHADI WWTP SITE

According to its urban location, the air quality of the plant site should follow Class II standard of theregulation GB3095-1996. For the purpose of establishing the baseline situation and to allow furthermodel simulation and future monitoring, 4 monitoring spots were selected inside and outside thesite, as depicted on Figure 6.11. The 4 sampling spots were located as follows:* Spot 1-Eastern* Spot 2-Western* Spot 3-Southern: Dahaosha island* Spot 4-inside WVVTP site

Five parameters have been measured, namely SO2, NO2, H2S, NH3 and total bacteria. Monitoringperiod took place from September 26 th to 30th, 2002. Sampling frequency for S02, NO2, H2S, NH3and S-methanol was 4 samples/day, and for total bacteria, 3 samples/day.

Results from the survey are provided in the following tables, for S02, N02 and the various odourpollutants (H2S, NH3).


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SQGREAH ' 0 AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATION FIGURES

SOGREAH 3pLS, FOR LIEDE 3 WWTP AND DASHADI 1 WWTP N° 6.10 & 611



TABLE 6.18: RESULTS FOR S02 (in mg/m3)

Monitoring spot Hourly average Daily averageConcentration Range Concentration Range

1 0.009-0.182 0.043~-0.133

2 0.026-0.194 0.061--0.127

3 0.013-0.090 0.019-0.070

4 0.008~-0.198 0.055-0.082

Regional value 0.008-0.198 0.019-0.133

Standard 0.24 0.12

TABLE 6.19: RESULTS FOR N02 (in mg/m 3)

Monitoring spot Hourly average Daily averageConcentration Range Concentration Range

1 0.021-0.116 0.042-0.065

2 0.008-0.142 0.045-0.096

3 0.041-0.107 0.054-0.061

4 0.017-0.161 0.049-0.095

Regional value 0.008-0.161 0.042-0.096

Standard 0.24 0.12

TABLE 6.20: RESULTS FOR ODOUR COMPONENTS (in mg/m 3)

Item Monitoring Spot Hourly average Exceeding StandardsConcentration standards

Range (%)

1 Undetected-0.003 0

H2S 2 Undetected -0.002 0 0.01




2 Undetected -0.010 0NH3 0.20



As observed on these measures, all sampled sites respect standards for the parameters controlled.

Regarding bacteria measurement, results expressed in number/plate show also low contamination:* Spot 1: 15* Spot 2: 38* Spot 3: 24* Spot 4: 39

For spots 1 and 3 (East and Dahaosha island), air is classified as clean, and as normal for other 2sites, according to their bacteria concentration level.




6.10.3. NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT

Information on air quality of the 8 Districts of Guangzhou concerned by the network component isprovided in the following table and establishes a baseline condition for the 3 most classical urbanair pollutants. According to this data, S02 and NO2 levels comply with the regulation standards inall districts. Total Suspended Particulates values does exceed standard (or is very close to) in allDistricts. Location of sampling sites is presented on Figure 6.12.

TABLE 6.21: AIR QUALITY DATA FOR 8 DISTRICTS (ANNUAL AVERAGE IN MGIM 3)

SO2 NO2 TSPDISTRICT

1999 2000 2001 1999 2000 2001 1999 2000 2001

Liwan 0.04 0.038 0.028 0.050 0.058 0.033 0.19 0.2 0.19

Yuexiu 0.042 0.041 0.035 0.052 0.046 0.043 0.211 0.203 0.188

Dongshan 0.019 0.019 0.029 0.042 0.038 0.040 0.164 0.168 0.145

Haizhu 0.064 0.034 0.033 0.046 0.034 0.024 0.312 0.232 0.205

Fangcun 0.047 0.039 0.042 0.041 0.035 0.036 0.242 0.236 0.213

Tianhe 0.029 0.033 0.046 0.053 0.049 0.036 0.253 0.201 0.192

Baiyun 0.025 0.012 0.013 0.046 0.037 0 033 0.133 0.192 0.186

Standards 0.06 0.08 0.20

6.11. LAND USE IN PROJECT SITES

The location of the Liede WWTP 3 is already determined, as the 39 ha of land required for thethree phases of the plant were acquired at the initiation of Liede WvvTP 1. The site is located atTanjia village, at the east of the Liede creek and beside the Pearl River. The site has already beenplanned and is perfectly suitable.

Dashadi WWTP site is located in Huangpu District, occupying about 40 ha The site borders thePearl River on the south, Wenchong shipyard on the east, and some factories and warehouses.However, this site significantly constrains the proper planning of the future facility due to severalprevailing obstacles:* the site was reserved for the WWTP in 1988, but a 40 meter road has been subsequently

planned, bifurcating the site;* the site is criss-crossed with three 22 kV power lines which require reservations of 18 meters to

36 meters in which no construction is permitted; one power line section dips to about 10 meters;* about 5 towers are distributed throughout the site, and they are supported with cables that

project beyond the reserved strips under the power lines;* the site contains a lighthouse - a navigating aid for river transport, for which special care needs

to be taken to avid any obstruction;* the site has a storm drainage ditch, which further fragments the reserved site;* a parcel of land in the southwest corner of the site, containing a disused pump station of

petrochemical company, has been excised from the site originally reserved for the VWvTP; and* only a portion of the site reserved for the WWTP has been released at this time.

The development of this site will have to cope with these several constraints, including in additionthe necessary resettlement of residents located inside the proposed site boundaries.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N 355073 PAGE 78 2003 -NOVEMBER

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7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

7.1. GENERAL

This chapter discusses the impact of the proposed projects of GPDRUEP on the physical andhuman environment. Topics covered include:* Impacts on the surface water environment;* Impacts on air quality;* Impacts of noise;* Impacts of solid waste;* Impacts on ecological resources;* Social Impacts including land acquisition and resettlement;* Economic Impacts; and* Accidental Impacts.

The overall impact of GPDRUEP on the environment will be highly beneficial, particularly on theimprovement of the PRD water quality and on the public health. It is not anticipated that theimplementation of the project will involve unmanageable negative impacts.

The proposed wastewater components will have many positive effects, most notably:* Improve water quality of the Pearl River and subsequently of its aquatic ecological environment.* Enhance municipal construction level of Guangzhou, reduce impact of untreated wastewater on

drinking water sources and improve urban landscape.* Improve city sanitary conditions and enhance public health level.* Improve eventually inter-municipal coordination of pollution control and abatement.

Prediction and analysis of future water quality conditions in the PRD are based on a modellingapproach presented in a specific Report to this EA. Odour and noise pollution from wastewatertreatment plants, pump station and sludge management are also assessed in the report, using airdispersion model.

Construction activities for wastewater treatment plants, pump stations and pipe network may causenoise, dust, fumes emission, nuisance for the residents, traffic jam, temporary cut-off water and gassupply. These issues are temporary only and their impact can be significantly minimised or byappropriate construction management practices and appropriate construction monitoring.

For all these issues, mitigation measures are proposed and developed further in this report and inthe Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

7.2. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY

7.2.1. PRESENTATION OF MODELLING ACTIVITIES

Impacts during the Operation Period have been forecasted using water quality models (see specificreport on modelling):

For the far field/general impact, a one-dimensional model of the PRD systems has been usedbased on the CARIMA-CONDOR software developed by SOGREAH;




For near-field/detailed impacts (e.g. close to outfalls) a vertically integrated two-dimensional modelof selected reaches of the PRD Front Channel concerned by the Liede and the Dashadi WWTPoutfalls, has been developed by GRIEP.

7.2.2. FAR-FIELD MODEL

7.2.2.1. CONSTRUCTION AND CALIBRATION OF MODEL

The construction of the model is a first step which objective is to define a simplified representationof the river system, the long profile of its branches, the characteristics of its cross sections fordifferent reaches. On this basis, and in accordance with other parameters, a grid has beendetermined to define the computation points of the model for the future simulations. The modeltopology resulting from the construction is presented in Figure 7.1.

The next step involves the calibration of the model, which means the necessary adjustment of thecomputation parameters in order to reflect as precisely as possible through the computation theactual situation observed in various points of the river system. Two calibrations are carried out: onefor the hydraulic parameters (relation flow-water level) and one for the water quality parameters, inorder to reflect a good relationship between pollution load entering the system and concentration ofselected parameters in various parts of the river system.

For the model calibration the "dry season" data has been used. It has been assumed that thehydrological conditions used to calibrate the hydraulic model are broadly representative of thoseprevalent at the time of the dry weather sampling. Results from the hydraulic calibration of flowdepth and flow is presented for the monitoring stations of Huangsha, Huang Pu Zuo and Haixinshain Figures 7.2 to 7.7.

7.2.2.2. POLLUTANT LOAD CALCULATIONS

The generation of pollutant discharges in the Guangzhou catchments has been assessed at asubcatchment level. The decomposition of the entire catchment into discrete subcatchmentsbroadly follows the distribution by catchment and drainage creeks established by GRIEP, anddepicted in Figure 7.8.

For each subcatchment discharges and pollutant loads have been calculated for both domesticsources (including institutional and commercial sources) and industrial sources. The industrialsources cover essentially the main industries. The total quantities of industrial effluent andassociated quality for each catchment are summarised in Appendix 5.

Table 7.1 summarises on the basis of these calculations the total load associated with domesticand industrial sources for the Guangzhou Catchments. As illustrated in Figures 7.9 and 7.10industries contribute a little under 25% of the total wastewater flow and under 20% of the totalCOD loading.

Table 7.1 also provides an estimate per wastewater treatment plant of the quantity of industrialwastewater in relation to domestic wastewater. The estimates for the existing plants cover thecatchments already connected to the wastewater treatment plant; for the future plants theestimates cover the whole potential catchment. For the treatment plants concerned by the WorldBank project (Liede 3 and Dashadi) the amount of industrial wastewater is similar or slightly morethan that of the catchments served by the existing plants at Datansha and Liede. However, for thetwo non-bank financed WWTP at Xilang and Lijiao the potential industrial wastewater is far higher.It should however be noted that not all of the industries within the catchment basins wouldnecessarily connect to the W\NTP5.

5 For example the paper mill (Lijiao), Guangzhou Power Plant (Dashadq, etc are unlikely to connect to the sewerage system.




It is likely (as in other areas in China) that the amount of industrial wastewater in the urbancatchments is likely to reduce, first because of the reduction of pollution associated with theindustries themselves and secondly because of the policy to remove industries to separateindustrial parks and to provide separate treatment facilities.

TABLE 7.1: SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC & TOTAL LOAD CALCULATED FOR THE GUANGZHOU CATCHMENTS

% IndustrialFlow SS COD BOD TN NH3-N TP Wv

DatanshaLoading rates(m3/day andkg/day) 285305 43414 78598 36574 7331 5958 1 195 13.1%Concentration(mg/l) 152 275 128 26 21 4LiedeLoading rates(m3/day andkg/day) 362 965 51 577 93 571 43 347 8 740 7 106 1 431 18.3%Concentration(mg/l) 142 258 119 24 20 4DashadiLoading rates(m3/day andkg/day) 263 530 35542 64618 30116 6154 5037 1 068 24.4%Concentration(mg/l) 135 245 114 23 19 4XilangLoading rates(m3/day andkg/day) 201 483 25 317 33 052 15 593 3 604 3 077 856 57.8%Concentration(mg/l) 126 164 77 18 15 4Lijiao Loadingrates (m3/dayand kg/day) 435 159 71 265 164 631 79 626 21 337 19 033 6 559 32.6%Concentration(mg/l) 164 378 183 49 44 15

Table 7.2 provides a summary of the total suspended solid and heavy metal loading (Hg, Cd, Cr,Pb and As) from catchments in Guangzhou derived from major industries. The ratio of theseloading rates to the total suspended solid loading rate can provide an approximate estimate of thesludge concentrations. Comparing these figures with average sludge concentrations for 2001would indicate that control of the major industries in Guangzhou would reduce to a large extent theheavy metal concentration in sludge.

TABLE 7.2: SUMMARY OF TOTAL HEAW METALS FROM INDUSTRIES IN THE GUANGZHOU CATCHMENTS

Industrial SS(kg/day) Hg (kg/day) Cd (Kg/day) Cr (kg/day) Pb (kg/day) As (kg/day)

45841 0.2 0.3 2.0 10.1 7.9Total SS Hg (mg/kg Cd (mg/kg Cr (mg/kg Pb (mg/kg As (mg/kg(kg/day) Total SS) Total SS) Total SS) Total SS) Total SS)325024 0.5 0.9 6.1 31.0 24.2




7.2.2.3. CALIBRATION OF THE POLLUTION MODEL

The pollution model used in the analysis is the CONDOR (CONvection Diffusion and/Or Reaction)system developed by SOGREAH in the early 1980s. CONDOR is a simulation tool to study thetransport and evolution of pollutants in the unsteady flow or multi-connected river or channelnetworks. The simulation covers pollutant transport (by convection), longitudinal diffusion, possibledecay and chemical reactions.

The data used for calibration of the pollution model consisted of "spot measurement" collectedduring the dry-season in the Year 2000 at a number of sites in the Guangzhou Section of the PearlRiver Delta. A summary of this data was already provided in a previous Table 5.11. Evolution ofchloride Cl- is even more typical of sea water backflow influence in the river during dry periods.Chloride is high only in Duntouji and Lianhuashan stations. In the other stations, the concentrationremains stable around 50 mg/I. Only the station of Yinjinghai shows a slightly higher chlorideconcentration during wet and inter seasons, possibly because of some discharge with high chlorideconcentration.

Based on the observations on water quality presented in previous Section 5.9.2.2, it may beconcluded that the influence of sea water on the estuary is limited to its downstream part and doesnot affect significantly the reaches located upstream of Duntouji station, even if backflow isphysically observed further upstream. No account has been therefore taken of the impact ofsalinity on dissolved oxygen levels in the modelling study.


J

.. ~, ''t

~~~ ~~~-.1 ~~~~~~~~~No7j

S @ se \~~~~~~~~~a~ JI.Zf tx

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PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

SOGREAH TOPOLOGY OF ORIGINAL GUANGZHOU SECTION MODEL FIGURESSOGREA N° 7.1

Huangsha -Y (S232)

;6 W X; i |; O=-CARIMA

-Observ_tionsj

. 20 010

Hours

FIGURE 7.2: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HUANGSHA

Huangsha -Q (S232)

o -1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-200

Hours

FIGURE 7.3: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANGSHA



.-- * HYDRAULIC CALIBRATION RESULTS FIGURES

!SOGREAH AT HUANGSHA STATION No 7.2 & 7.3

Huangpuzuo - Y (S157)

. IWA ___i -1ZCARIMA

s~I U _ e \ y = Observations

z ii

Hours

FIGURE 7.4: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HUANG PU ZUO

Huangpuzuo -Q (S157)

IN

- 4vv _ _4 _,: l i

FIGURE 7.5: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANG PU ZUO

PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMB3ER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35 5073

, * -AHYDRAULIC CALIBRATION RESULTS FIGURES

SOGREAH ;FU 7 AT HUANG PU ZUO STATION No 7.4 8 7.5

Haixinsha -Y (S176)

.. .............. ..-.-

2 40 10 10 140 0 10 bsratons

Hours

FIGURE 7.6: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HAIXINSHA

Haixinsha -q (S176)

- --200004- .... -------- --- --.- ...- ...-. - ........ ..........-...-- -..- ._ _ - - _ -

1-50000j\j

-2000

Hours

FIGURE 7.7: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HAIXINSHA



- - / O HYDRAULIC CALIBRATION RESULTS FIGURES

SOGREAH AT HAIXINSHA STATION No 7.6 & 7.7



Three main parameters have been used to calibrate the model: Ammonia levels, BOD levels and6Oxygen levels

The results from the simulations have been generally portrayed on "long profiles" illustrating thevariation of the parameter along the river reach. Three parameters were analysed for each longprofile (dissolved oxygen, BOD and ammonia). The three profiles are portrayed graphically onFigure 7.12

* Profile 1 includes the reaches from Shamian Dao (the site of the White Swan Hotel) via the so-called East Channel joining the HuangPu Channel to the north of HuangPu Island. The profilethen follows the channel to the north of the islands in the main stream (including Daohaosha)joining the main stream forming the Xinsha Fairway. The river then flows as one main channelvia Humen and the estuary.

* Profile 2 follows the north section of the Guangzhou Section from Yagang east of DatanshaIsland to follow the South Channel passing thereafter along the Lijiao Channel (north of DawanSha) and through the Yuangangsha Channel (south of Shigangzhou). The route then rejoinsthe main channel via the Tiezhuang Channel and again the Xinsha Fairway before dischargingto the estuary.

* Profile 3 again follows the north section of the Guangzhou Section from Yagang east ofDatansha Island to follow the South Channel passing thereafter along the Daweijaio Channel(south of Dawan Sha) through the Dashi Channel before passing through the Xiaozhou Channel(between Henan island and Shigangzhou). The route then rejoins the Huangpu Channel andthereafter follows the same route the estaury as Profile 1.then to the Yuangangsha Channel(south of Shigangzhou).

The results of the pollutant simulations are illustrated in the following Figures 7.13 to 7.15,illustrating the comparison between the simulated concentrations and the observations; the formerare represented as a continuous line whereas the latter are represented as symbols at discretepoints along the profile.

6 COD was not simulated as the pollutant source information is based on measurements on CODc, (PotassiumBichromate) and the river sampling uses CODMn (Permanganate). The relationship between thesemeasurements of oxygen demand is itself variable and non-linear introducing another level of uncertainty inthe analysis.


1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMLENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONM ENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

CATCHMENT SUB-DIVISION FOR LOAD CALCULATIONS FIGURES'SOGREAH JaNo 7.8

Flow Composition

23%

o Industrial

* Domestic

77%

FIGURE 7.9: SUBDIVISION OF TOTAL DISCHARGE BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC SOURCES

COD Loading

17%

_ Industrial

* Domestic

83%

FIGURE 7.10: SUBDIVISION OF TOTAL COD LOADS BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC SOURCES


K. rOGREAHDEFINITION OF MODEL AND LONG PROFILES FIGURES"SOGREAH . S+ No 7.9 & 7.10

du~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s

*Di Pwv.ffst ::

ViloteruMlym ilciinxiaron

Ovsq~~~~~~~s

W ~ ~ br

3i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t

.~~~~~~~~~~~h~ .

*l hyii4DcSIbton;FlrIGUR 7.11:@ MONITORING. STATIONS

.y h

SOGREAH N' 7.1L1 . 7-1

,, * .a ;,% ;~~~~-- ' X .:

' 31A;*

0.\

~- Ftbtte } ~ctCf t mcS

FIGURE 7.12 : DEFINITION OF MODEL AND LONG PROFILES

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

-- *DEFINITION OF MODEL AND LONG PROFILES FIGURES

SOGREAH . 5 N° 7.11& 7.12

CALIBRATION PROFIL 1 DO

5 ___________________W__________________I________ FIGURE 7.13-A: COM PARISON500 OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR

Cl________ 4_______ W__________ DISSOLVED OXYGEN

co -;--c C MEAN

M 3 W - - < | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEASURES

0 2W- . _

CO CP4 °"4 C

MODEL NODE

CALIBRATION PROFIL 2 BOD

20 00 . …...,.,.,,,,,.,,,,,_.. __ .. . ..... _._ _. _

18.W 00 ---- ._FIGURE 7.13-B: COMPARISONa 14 W - -- yt I 1l -OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR BOD5

2 1200

0_10 __. _ _ C MEAN ce l L _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEASURES

0

2 00

MODEL NODE

CALIBRATION PROFILE 1 NH4

2 000

18 00 FIGURE 7.13-C: COMPARISON

16°00 -OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR NI-14

14 00

12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W- M E A N

100 __ __ _ __ _ _

18 00

0 6D

4 00

2 1000 _

000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 30MODEL NODE

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35 5073

,--- * 0 POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE 1 FIGURE NO 7.13SOGREAH J

CALIBRATION PROFIL 2 02

1000O

9 W . . FIGURE 7.14-A: COMPARISON800 W __ OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR

7 7_ .. DISSOLVED OXYGEN6 00

0 50 14 5 00 -~MEAN],,^@/< ~~~~~~~~-- MEASURES

U 4 00 -

2 00

1000-

MODEL NODE

CALIBRATION PROFILE 2 BOD

18001

15W -E - - ---- FIGURE 7.14-B3: COMPARISON

1600 W ___________________ _-- --- ,OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR BOD5

1400

120

10 00 -------- ~~~~~~~~~ C- ' MEANz 1200 -___ _ ___ , |MEASURES

80

0 6 00

2O0

0 00

91 0 4 " bl, c 194' @ W X *Gd5+a 558 5a5

MODEL NODE


1800 ... .FIGURE 7.14-C: COMPARISON

16 00 OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR NH 4

1240

low .. ....... C MEAN

MEASURES

U 8 00W_.__._ ___

6 00 _ _ _ _ -

400

MODEL NODE


_ POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE 2 FIGURE NO 7.14SOGREAH

CALIBRATION PROFILE 3 DOX

100 . - . - -.

FIGURE 7.15-A: COMPARISON8 00 _ _ _ _ OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR700 DISSOLVED OXYGEN

600

S C MEAN

04 W_ MEASURES |

200

1000

000 -_

MODEL NODE

CALIBRATION PROFILE 3 BOD

20 o ---- -- --------------- --------------- --- ----- ----- ..- .. . -- ........................... ........ --- ---- ...........

28000 -- ---

1600 00 || _ FIGURE 7.15-B: COMPARISON16 00 - -OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR BOD5

1200 --- - _________ _

j 1000- il l ; | _ ....... .__ ._~~~~1 C MEAN10 00 - - --- MEAN

MEASURES

1 800

, 600

200

000

.4-4

MODEL NODE


1000oo MEASURES

20 00 =, . . . . =. .

18 400

200

lO 0 0 0 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 N N -6 '6O0 N 10 N '6 '6 0 0 0

a 00 ~ ~ 000000

'6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 00 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

16 2 N

'6 :' ' ~ 63- -' -

MODEL NODE

PEOPLE'S REPUELIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003


POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE GUREN715



7.2.2.4. IMPACTS OF PROJECT ON THE RIVER SYSTEM

To test the impact of the proposed project on the river water quality a number of separatescenarios have been tested. In general, two broad sets of scenario can be distinguished:

* "Without Project" scenarios which serve to provide the baseline conditions against which theimpact of the project can be guaged;

* "With Project" scenarios which include specifically the assumed impact of the proposed project.

These scenarios are generally not the same as "before" the project and "after" the project as oftenother conditions (such as background conditions and other inputs) may well change during theimplementation of the project.

A major difficulty with the current project is to define the "Without the Project" case. For the LiedeIlIl and Dashadi catchments, this is clearly with and without collection and treatment for thesecatchments. However, for remaining sub-catchments such as Datansha, Xilang, Lijiao and theLiede I and 11 should the "Without Project" case include or exclude the extensions to the treatmentplants (not financed by the World Bank). In this modelling exercise, it has been assumed that the"Without Project" cases the networks to be financed by the World Bank will not have beenconstructed and that the capacity available at the WVvTP not financed by the World Bank will notbe utilised.

Two time horizons have been taken in the study:

* Year 2000: representing the "existing" conditions used primarily to calibrate the pollution model;* Year 2010: the major time horizon for comparing the effectiveness of the project;

Summary descriptions of the simulations undertaken are summarised in the following table.

TABLE 7.3: DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE OVERALL IMPACT STUDY

HORIZON TREATMENT PLANTS CONNECTED POLLUTION ABATEMENT(YEAR) & LEVEL OF TREATMENT FOR BOD(%)

1 Baseline 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: A20 12%Liede Phases 1&2: AB & UnitankIndustrial Zone: AS

2 With Project 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: A20 74%Liede Phases 1,2&3: AB, Unitank & A20Industrial Zone: ASXilang: A20Lijiao: A20Dashadi: A20

3 With Project 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: Operated as AS 74%With simpler Liede Phases 1,2&3: Operated as ASwastewater treatment Industrial Zone: ASprocesses Xilang: Operated as AS

Lijiao: Operated as ASDashadi: Operated as AS

4 With Project 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: A20 85%+connection Liede Phases 1,2&3: AB, Unitank & A20catchments from Industrial Zone: ASFoshan (Nanhai) Xilang: A20

Lijiao: A20Dashadi: A20




HORIZON TREATMENT PLANTS CONNECTED POLLUTION ABATEMENT(YEAR) & LEVEL OF TREATMENT FOR BOD(%)

5 With Project 2010 As per Simulation 4 89%201 O+connectingcatchments fromFoshan (Nanhai) andPanyu

6 With Project As per Simulation 4 89%201 O+connectingcatchments fromFoshan (Nanhai),Panyu and treatmentof Foshan

Note: AB: Absorbtion-BiodegradationAS: Activated SludgeA20: Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic

Some results of simulations comparing the situation with Project in 2010 with Baseline scenariosare provided in Figures 7.16 to 7.18. for Dissolved Oxygen, BOD5 and NH4.

It can be appreciated that the project improves dramatically the overall water quality of theGuangzhou Section of the PRD. For the so-called "Front Section" (largely Profile 1) of the riversystem both average DO and BOD values are generally sufficient to attain the Class IlIl (or in thecase of BOD the Class II) standards. Ammonia values are nevertheless still in general in Class IVor even less than Class V in some sections. It can also be noted that there remains a markedsection of poor water quality downstream of the junction of this river system with the Dongjiangsection.

For the "Back Section" (Profiles 2 and 3), the improvement, while marked, does not generallyenable water quality objectives to be attained. While there are marked improvements upstream ofthe Huangsha monitoring point (where water quality broadly attains the Class IlIl standard, apartfrom ammonia), the water quality in the sections between Huangsha and Huangpuyou remainslargely in the range Class IV-V. Close to Donglang there remains a marked oxygen deficit whichwould appear to be due to pollutant flows from the Beijiang Section (principally Foshan).


COMPARISON PROJECT TO BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX

7 00

600 FIGURE 7.16-A: COMPARISON500 PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS

500 SOO y 8 .2010 FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN

z 4 o0W l -B131- 2000

4001 i * B uJm 20103 -B0 P Rn 2000EiE /s/ _- 11 +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-PROJECT 2010

30

' 2 00

(J 2D0 -m__ _ _____ _ 'I

100 --

000,Q~~e '~~, j 40'4 c', 0, 4,4, 4,4, 4

', i~~~~~~ A A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' A A 4A' 4

MODEL NODE

COMPARISON PROPOSED PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS

20 00 - ----- - ---------.---.--.- --.-----…-.-.-- .…........-- ...........

FIGURE 7.16-B COMPARISON13 00 ~ ~-rJX - *1l -~ -__PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONSw! 14D00 J - __,| | -- 2010 FORBODS

0 12D0 XJ i;;; l \ N ' d > -BASELINE 2D0

$ 10 D0 :__ ______ .| -*- BASELINE 2010- f \ _* [+-PROJECT 2010

0 0_

4 00

200

MODEL NODE

COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS

9D (

D0G FIGURE7.16-C: COMPARISON720 PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS

3 600 / <We 2010 FORNH4a 6 00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~BSEAE20

0 5 00- ^ t ]-BASELINE 2010

____________ PROJECT 201

2 400 _ -- h2 00 ̂ ~

5Ž A A' lb AAOAAA 5 A A4' 'f4'A'4 A A A5

MODEL NODE


t r ~ / O POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS FIGURE N° 7.16SOGREAH ; S9,. LONG PROFILE 1


FIGURE 7.17-A: COMPARISON8X --- -- -- - PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONSe! 7X _0 _. .... _ _ _ _ .2010 FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN

6 00~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~BSEIE20z 6 X -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. :AF- V\E '200-

_ A LNE 2106. -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-PROJECT 2010

200

1 00

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MODEL NODE


20 X--.-..-.. . . . .-...__

1800 !' I I-. _PFIGURE7.17-B COMPARISON1600 -_ . PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS

a 1400 - - - - - - 2010 FOR BOD512 00

o -BASELINE 20

1000 a l _ASELINE2O10_ 6 0 0 --PA 9 § > ROJECT 2010

8 00

3 600

4M ~ ~ ~ ~ 4

2 00~~~~~~~o

.8.0 ~ ~ '

MODEL NODE


8 00 FIGURE 7.17-C: COMPARISONa800 PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS

:2 7 00 .- _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _.201 0 FOR N H4

80 - ASELINE 2D00]

5(00 I ASELINE 20104 X0 - ) XPROJET 2010

3 3 00

200

1 00 _ _ _ _ _

0 00

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6D04

O [_\ = . -6A6ELINE2XXLNOD

PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER2003


0 POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS FIGURE NO 7.17SOGREAH ~~~~~~~~LONG PROFILE 2

SOGREAH' ^^,_.


00 FIGURE 7.18-A: COMPARISON00 PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS

.- 7W0 a 7 M ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2010 FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN6 00

500 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f-.1-A BAELUNE 201

4 - ---- ROJET21

200 ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~-PWU0.

4 -M

2 ,

1 00

MODEL NODE


18 00 FIGURE 7.18-B: COMPARISON16 00 -PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS

i 1400 , . _ -I 2010I2010 FOR BOD5

12X

F 100

8 00

0 600-

4 00

2000

MODEL NODE


10 00

9 000----- ---- ------- FIGURE 7.18-C :COMPARISONs 00 __ .-... -. .. ______

S __ , . .PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS

6 00 -OO . 2010FORNH4z I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-DBAsELNE 2000

500 o - ---- 4 B ASELINE 20101

-_- PROJECT 2010400

0

61 200

Dow -, - 04 . .. . l .. b . . 0 .. .. .. .. ... ...... .. 0.

N N N N

MODEL NODE



_ * POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS FIGURE NO 7.18

SOGREAH LONG PROFILE 3



7.2.3. NEAR-FIELD IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY

7.2.3.1. MODEL PRESENTATION AND CALIBRATION

7.2.3.1.1. MODEL EQUATIONS

As recommended in the National technique guidelines for environmental impact assessment(HJFT2.3-93), a two-dimensional model was used for the water quality forecast of the watersadjacent to the outfall. Ebb tide and flood tide condition have been considered distinctively.

The following equation is used:

( x +cPQP q2_ _ (2Qh -q)2c(x, q) = exp( K, 0 )ch + .Q {exp: j- + exp-4 -qx -JJ

86400u) JM X 4Mq,x ) 4Mqx j q = Huy

M = H2 uMqy

where:- x-horizontal distance between the forecast spot and the outlet, m;- y-plume distance between the forecast spot and the outlet, m;- K,-- pollutants degradation coefficient of the river, 1/d;- c-pollutants concentration at the forecast spot (x,y), mg/L;- ca-pollutants concentration of the wastewater, mgIL;- Qp-discharge of the wastewater, m3/s;

- ch-pollutants concentration of the upstream river, mg/L;- H-average river depth, m;- M,-plume mixing coefficient, m2/s;

- u-river velocity m/s;

- Qh-river flow, m3/s;- TT.

Q+gA aA + Q2(Q) aQ gQ n (Q

at AX A aX A AX 4 AAR3

a A a Q+ q

a t a x

Since the Pearl River at Guangzhou is still under the tidal influence of the sea, a specific model fortidal regime has been also used based on the following hydraulic equations:

- A-area of the section;-Q flow;- q- tributary flow/ unit river length- R- hydraulic radius;- Z-water level;




- g- force of gravity;- n- Chezy's coefficient;- X coordinate of the river flow direction

- t- time.

Specific equations for the simulation of water quality have also been used.

a(AC ) + a(QC) _ a (EA ac) = S + Wat ax ax ax

Where:- t- time;

- X coordinate of the river flow direction;- C concentration;- E- dilution coefficient;

- Si-the baseline for pollutants;

- Ws- pollution load

7.2.3.1.2. MODEL CALIBRATION

The hydraulic model was calibrated on the basis of dry season measurement. Most of thecalculation results matched the measurements with regard to water levels and flows. The timeperiod of measurement was between 1:00 am, December 1 th to 6:00 am, December 24 th. Resultsare provided in Appendix 4, Figures 1 to 6.

7.2.3.1.3. PARAMETERS USED FOR THE MODEL

1) River profile: The river profile information was abstracted from the maritime maps provided bythe Pearl River Water Resources Commission.

2) Boundary conditions and initiation: The upstream boundary is set at Boluo hydraulic station ofDongjiang River, Qilinzui hydraulic station of Zengjiang River and Yagang hydraulic station ofLiuxi River. The downstream boundary is set at Wudou hydraulic station of Pingzhou Shuidao,Bijiang (Lezu) hydraulic station of Chencun Shuidao, Sanshakou hydraulic station of ShawanShuidao and Shanbanzhou hydraulic station of Humen. The whole river system includesGuangzhou Section and part of the Dongjiang river system.

3) Taylor method: My=(0.058H+O.O065B)(gHI ) "2

4) K, The degradation coefficient of BOD 5and NH3-N come from the research results of "Researchon Organic Pollutants Degradation of Guangzhou Section".

5) The coefficient E comes from the Cl- data, as presented in the following Table.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N 355073 PAGE 101 2003- NOVEMBER

GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANKGUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT -DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES

OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR yVASTEWATER COMPONENTS

TABLE 7.4: CL DISTRIBUTION PER SECTIONS AFTER SETTING-UP OF E COEFFICIENT

Section Cl- Measured Cl- Calculated Absolute error Relative error(mg./L) (mg./L)

Huangsha 19.30 16.33 2.97 15.4%

Yuancun 59.80 65.74 -5.94 -9.9%Fubiaochang 16.67 16.58 0.09 0.6%Xinzao 390.85 361.55 29.30 7.5%Huangpu zuo 798.02 682.76 115.26 14.4%Huangpu you 722.99 664.37 58.62 8.1%Haixinsha 4027.73 3295.97 731.76 18.2%Dasheng 858.94 807.19 51.75 6.0%Machong 1542.10 1524.38 17.72 1.1%Zhangpeng 3129.16 3500.49 -371.33 -11.9%Sisheng 4876.62 4710.39 166.23 3.4%

Computations were carried out for each outfall (Liede and Dashadi), in ebb and flood tideconditions and for normal and accidental operation conditions.

Model grid covers a distance of 2 500 m from each outfall, either downstream or upstreamdepending on the ebb or flood tide conditions. Regarding operation of the plant, normal operationconsiders that treated effluent respects the design criteria, and accidental operation simulates abreak down of the plant with direct discharge in the river of untreated effluents.

The model simulates the concentration of 3 water quality criteria: CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N. Resultsof model simulations are provided in the following tables and on Figures 7.19 to 7.22

7.2.3.2. RESULTS FOR LIEDE WWTP

For Liede VWWTP, one sensitive spot is represented by the Yuancun industrial water intake7located about 750 meters downstream the outfall. Another industrial water intake has beenidentified, the Chepo water intake, but located at a greater distance, about 3 250 metersdownstream the outfall.

The following table presents the results of the modelling for the mixing zone of the Liede outfall.The part shows normal operation of the plant, which is the release of treated effluents inaccordance with the treatment design. The second part considers a breakdown in the operationand the release by the plant of raw untreated effluent. The concentrations provided by the tablesrepresent the added concentration resulting from the treated effluent released by the \VVTP. Theconcentration of each criteria is also expressed as a % of the standard maximum concentration ofthese criteria for a Class 4 river quality objective.

It is understood that this intake is no longer used


4 2

40 1 9

3.6

30- 3 360.3

m20- 2.7

10- 2 1

1.8

300- I 1.6

300~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ : 1 6

SEi 200 1.4

0 . . . .... _ 0.6

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0.4

0.2

X(m) 0

FIGURE 7.19-B EBB TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BODS (UNIT: MG/L)

0.2

400 2 0.75

0.65

300- 0 .6

0 .4

E 200t05100-0.35

0 l -..-- - - _- _ C,.25

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0-4

0.21

X(m) 0.05

FIGURE 7.19-B EBB TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF N3-N (UNIT: MG/L)


THE WORLD BANK OVRL ENIOMNALASSMN 35-5073

,- -. * . LIEDE OUTFALL EVOLUTO OF CO T B AND NH3 FIGURE N° 7.19SOGREAH - . EBB TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION

/ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

3.6.3.4400 I I 3 23

E 200- Z8

100 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~60- _ 14

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 H0°6X(m) = 0 .2

FIGURE 7.20-A FLOOD TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF CODCR (UNIT: MG/L)

400 1 1 1 1 C 2.2

300 1.8

E 200- _ * 1.4

0_ t E1.2

100_ 1

0-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0-4

0.2

X(m) 0

FIGURE 7.20-B FLOOD TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MG/L)

0.8

400 - -- -------- -- -. _ _-----_ _0_7_ _

0.65

300-- 0.60.55

0.5E 200 -_0.45

0.41 DG- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.35

0.3

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~020 0.2

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 tl 0.150.1

X(m) 005

FIGURE 7.20-C FLOOD TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF N H3-N (UNIT: MG/L)



: SOGREAH - J LIEDE OUTFALL: EVOLUTION OF COD,r, BOD5 AND NH3 FIGURE NO 7.20FLOOD TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION

27

I I ~~~~~~~25.5400- *225

22.5

300- 21

E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 8

200- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~16.51 5

100- 13.5

.05

0- i /_7-5

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4

3

X(m) 1.50

FIGURE 7.21 -A EBB TIDE - ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF CODCR (UNIT MG/L)

12

400 1 _ I _ __ _ 111 0

300- 98

E 200- 7

1--- ------ 1

0 L&_3_|

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2

X(m) 1

FIGURE 7.21 -B EBB TIDE - ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MGIL)

2.2

400 2I ____ I _ __ 2

1 .8

30%- 1.6

1.4

E 200 P :1.2

100- 10.8

0 - __ __ 0.6

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0.4

0.2

X(m) O

FIGURE 7.21-C EBBTIDE-ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OFNH3-N (UNIT: MG/L)


LIEDE OUTFALL: EBB TIDE & ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE FIGURE NO 7.21SOGREAH EVOLUTION OF COD,r, BODO AND NH3

22.5

400 l 2119.5

300- 18I-N ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 16.5

E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~15

0 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.525304--_ 10.5

9

500 ~1000 1500 2000 2500 3C0004.31.5X(m) 0

FIGURE 7.22-A FLOOD TIDE - ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF CODCR (UNIT: MG/L)

10.5

400 1 4 _0_l _ 198.5

300-7 878.5

E 200-

___ -~~~~~~~~~3.5o1 -3

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1.5

x(m) 0

FIGURE 7.22-B FLOOD TIDE -ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT MG/L)

2.2

400 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2400 1 . I 1.8

300- 1.6

E 2000 1.41.2

1 -- 0.8

0 0-6

500 1000 1500 2000 25o00 04

X(m) 0.2

FIGURE 7.22-C FLOOD TIDE -ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF NH3-N (UNIT MG/L)



SOGREAH ' LIEDE OUTFALL: FLOOD TIDE & ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE FIGURE N° 722AQGREAH ~ EVOLUTION OF CODCr, BODO AND NH3



TABLE 7.5: INCREASE OF CONCENTRATION IN THE LIEDE MIXING ZONE FOR CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3-N (MGIL)

IMPACT ASSESSMENT CODCR BOD5 NH3-N % OF CODCR % OF BOD 5 % OF NH3-N(STANDARD) (STANDARD) (STANDARD)

NORMAL OPERATION SITUATION

Ebb tide - 1350m D/S outfall 0.81 0.40 0.16 2.7 6.67 10.67Ebb tide - 1350m D/S ouffall 0.45 0.22 0.09 3.6 9 14.6760m from river bankEbb tide, Yuancun intake 1.09 0.54 0.22 3.6 9 14.67Flood tide - 1350 m U/S outfall 0.69 0.34 0.14 2.3 5.67 2.33Flood tide - 1350m U/S outfall 0.4 0.2 0.08 1.33 3.33 5.3360m from river bank

BREAKDOWN OPERATION SITUATION

Ebb tide - 1350m D/S outfall 3.70 1.75 0.29 12.33 29.17 19.33Ebb tide - 1350m D/S outfall 1.04 0.49 0.08 3.47 8.17 5.3360m from river bankEbb tide, Yuancun intake 6.80 3.25 0.54 22.67 54.17 36Flood tide- 1350m U/S outfall 3.14 1.49 0.25 10.47 24.83 16.17Flood tide - 1350m U/S outfall 1.00 0.47 0.08 3.33 7.83 5.3360m from river bank

Normal operation of the WWTP results in very limited impacts for the mixing zone. At Yuancunwater intake, located only 750 m from the outfall, the expected increase is only about 1 mg/I forCODCr and about 0.5 mg/I for BOD 5 , which represent respectively only 3.6% and 9% of Class 4related parameters standards.

Impact is more significant in case of discharge of untreated effluent by the WWTP (breakdown oroverflow). Increase of CODCr and BOD5 at Yuancun intake is respectively of 6.8 and 3.2 mg/I, orabout 23 and 54% of the related concentration standards for river Class 4. The pollution incidencezone, where some concentration increase may be expected, extends also up to 2500 m bothupstream and downstream from outfall. These figures must also be compared with the presentsituation observed in the concerned river section during the October 2002 sampling campaigncarried out by the GRIEP. In Liede station, CODCr was ranging from 40 to 51.5 mg/l during floodtide and from 48 to 64.5 mg/l during ebb tide. BOD5 was showing also high values, from 2.4 to3.7 mg/l (flood) and from 2.4 to 4.3 mg/l (ebb). Increase of pollutant level in case of treatmentbreakdown will be significant when compared with the anticipated quality of the river after theimplementation of the project (ref. previous section 6.3.1 related to the far-field modelling) but it willbe a geographically limited and temporary impact, mainly located in the immediate vicinity of theoutfall.

It should be noted however with regard to these comments that the Yuancun intake is no longerused because of the poor ambient water quality of the Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River.Additionally, the impacts quoted above are relative impacts. As demonstrated by the one-dimensional modelling the project will reduce ambient levels of BOD5 to less than 1 mg/l in thevicinity of the Yuancun Intake. During normal operations in the mixing zones the water quality withthe project will be undoubtedly improved with respect to that without the project.


2.2

300 1 1 1 1 2.

21.8

IE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.4>100- 12 = -0

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0.6-4

0.2

X(m) 0

FIGURE 7.23-A EBB TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF CODCR (UNIT: MG/L)

300 0.9

0.7

20V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~01 00- _____ 0.6

,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C 4

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3

,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.Z

X(m) 0.10

FIGURE 7.23-B EBB TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MG/L)

0.55

300 I I I I 0.5

i 0 45

0 4

200 0.35

E 0.3

1 00- _____-.-- --- --- - - - ---.. _02

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l0 + -- - | | ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~-- ulS

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0.10.05

x(m) 0FIGURE 7.23-C EBB TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MG/L)



_OGREH ,DASHADI OUTFALL: EBB TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION FIGURE NO 7.23EVOLUTION OF CODCr, BOD5 AND NH3

2.1

1 .95300 I ________ ______ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.8| GPC Water 1ntake | ] 1.65

p200 d I~ke1.5E 0 0 v t 1 .35%ioo -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.2>- 1 00 1.05

0 -- . -. --- 0.75

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0-450.3

X(m) 0.15

FIGURE 7.24-A FLOOD TIDE- NORMAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF CODCR (UNIT: MG/L)

300 -- _L - I -._ j0.9

GPC Water Intake 0.820V ; a iL 0 70.6

04

| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*, 31C' 3

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0.2

0.1x(m) 0

FIGURE 7.24-B FLOOD TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MG/L)

0.55

300-~ ___~. _ __ *__ _045

~200- |t rInGPC Water 1teeu35

2000 100 31500 2000 2500 30005

() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

FIGURE 7.24-C FLOOD TIDE - NORMAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BODS (UNIT: MG/L)


SOGREAH DASHADI OUTFALL: FLOOD TIDE & NORMAL OPERATION FIGURE N° 7.24SQGREAH, EVOLUTION OF CODer, BODS AND NH3

300 _ _ _ | - | 10.5

9

200- 8E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 57

100- _." ___ 65

t~ ~~ - --- 1-.-- T- - 55

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3

- 5

X(m) 1

FIGURE 7.25-A EBB TIDE-ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF CODCR (UNIT: MG/L)

5.5

300- 1 5

4.5

>200- 3.5

O l ' ' - ---- - --- -- -- -- -- --- --- - . _ _ l l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-----~

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 X.0.5

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 _ 0

x(m) 0

FIGURE 7.25-B EBB TIDE - ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; DOWNSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MG/L)

300- 0.9____

0.8

P '200 0.7

10 -. 0.4

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0.2

0.1

X(m) 0

FIGURE 7.25-C EBB TIDE - AccIDENTAL DiSCHARGE; DOWNSTREAm EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT : MG/L)

PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

.! SOG * . DASHADI OUTFALL: EBB TIDE & ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE FIGURE N° 7.25EVOLUTION OF COD,r, BODs AND NH3

1 0

300 98.58|GPC Waterlake 7.5

200 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7E i 6.5

6

100- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5-55'4 5

G-- ~~~~~~~~_ _ _ _ _ _ 45

0 71- T- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.5

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2

X(m) 1

FIGURE 7.26-A FLOOD TIDE -ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF CODCR (UNIT: MG/L)

300 35

E 200 | ~~~GPC WaterlIntake | 4.5

2100- - 35IE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3

0 i oo--~ j ____4|-1 5

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Y1

X(m) °

FIGURE 7.26-B FLOOD TIDE -ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MG/L)

300 1 0.9GPC Water Intake 0.8

200- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.70.6

> 1 00- t - _ t 0.5

0.40 -------------- - 0. 3

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0_20.1

X(m) 0o

FIGURE 7.26-C FLOOD TIDE - ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE; UPSTREAM EVOLUTION OF BOD5 (UNIT: MG/L)


I DASHADI OUTFALL: FLOOD TIDE & ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE FIGURE N° 7.26SOGREAH // EVOLUTION OF CODC,, BODO AND NH3



7.2.3.3. RESULTS FOR DASHADI WWTP

For Dashadi WWTP, one industrial water intake belonging to Guangzhou PetrochemicalCooperation (GPC) is located close to the proposed outfall, about 250 m upstream, but fell also intothe mixing zone of the outfall because of the tidal character of the river branches. It is understoodthat this intake is only now used during high flow periods, due to the existing poor water quality inthis reach.

Same approach and methodology has been applied to Dashadi 1. Results for normal operationconditions and for breakdown situation are provided in the following table and Figures 7.23 to 7.26.

TABLE 7.6: INCREASE OF CONCENTRATION IN THE DASHADI MIXING ZONE FOR CODCR, BOD5 AND NH3-N (MGIL)

IMPACT ASSESSMENT CODCR BOD5 NH3-N % OF CODCR % OF BOD 5 % OF NH3-N(STANDARD) (STANDARD) (STANDARD)

NORMAL OPERATION SITUATION

Ebb tide - 1000 m D/S outfall 0.50 0.25 0.12 1.7 4.2 8.0Ebb tide- 1000 m D/S outfall 0.32 0.16 0.08 1.1 2.7 5.360m from river bank

Flood tide, GPC intake 0.94 0.47 0.24 3.1 7.8 16.0Flood tide- 1000 m U/S outfall 0.47 0.23 0.12 1.6 3.8 8.0Flood tide - 1000 m U/S outfall 0.31 0.15 0.08 1.0 2.5 5.360 m from river bank

BREAKDOWN OPERATION SITUATION

Ebb tide - 1000m D/S ouffall 2.32 1.23 0.25 7.7 20.5 16.7Ebb tide - 1000m D/S ouffall 1.51 0.80 0.16 5.0 13.3 10.760m from river bank

Flood tide, GPC intake 4.40 2.35 0.47 14.6 39.2 31.3

Flood tide - 1000m U/S ouffall 2.20 1.16 0.23 7.3 19.3 15.3

Flood tide - 1000m U/S ouffall 1.46 0.77 0.16 4.9 12.8 10.760m from river bank

In normal operation conditions, impacts from Dashadi 1 WWTP effluent discharge are ratherlimited, with an increase of COD and BOD at 250 m from outfall equivalent to respectively 3.1 %and 7.8 % of Class 4 river standards. At 1000 m from outfall, either upstream or downstream,impact on mixing zone water quality is almost insignificant.

In case of accidental discharge of untreated effluent, impact at GPC water intake is more serious,with an increase in COD and BOD of respectively almost 15 % and 40 % of Class 4 riverstandards. But these figures have also to be compared with the present situation observed in theconcerned river section, (with CODcr above 26 mg/I, BOD5 at 13.9 mg/l and NH3-N at 0.72 mg/I)and the anticipated quality of the river after the implementation of the project, as demonstrated inprevious section 6.3.1 related to the far-field modelling. Accidental discharge of raw effluent willhave a limited and temporary impact on river water quality, mainly located in the immediate vicinityof the outfall.

Furthermore, it is now understood that due to the existing poor water quality in this section that theGPC water intake is not used during low flow periods.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 PAGE 112 2003-NOVEMBER



7.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY

7.3.1. METHODOLOGY

The impact analysis of the project on air quality during its operation has been carried out into 2steps: The first step involves the qualification of the area in terms of atmospheric stability, and thesecond step relies on modelling to forecast future situation with the project.

7.3.1.1. ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY

Atmospheric stability is an indicator which expresses how easily air particulates can be movedvertically in a certain place. When air particulates hardly move upward or downward, theatmosphere is said to be stable. If air particulates move easily upward or downward, but don't movemuch farther when the cause of movement is removed, then the atmosphere is said to have neutralstability. When air particulates are given an initial push and keep going upward or downward, thenthe atmosphere is said to be unstable.

The more unstable the atmosphere is, the easier it is for air pollutants to be diluted and movedaway from the outlets of pollution sources. The different classes for atmospheric stability of theproject area are presented in the following table.

TABLE 7.7: ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY IN GUANGZHOU

Stability level distribution (in % of time)

Period of the Year A B C D E FMedium Slight Neutral Slight Medium Medium

instability instability stability stability stability stability

Spring - 1.3 5.8 89.5 2.2 1.1

Summer - 6.5 13.8 67.7 9.7 2.4

Autumn - 4.9 18.9 61.7 7.1 7.3

Winter - 3.9 11.2 64.1 11.4 9.5

Whole Year - 4.2 12.5 70.6 7.6 5.1

The results show that most of the time, the project area shows slight to neutral atmosphericstability, which means that pollutants may have sometimes difficulties to disperse in higheratmosphere, particularly during winter.

7.3.1.2. FORECAST MODELLING

Air pollution from WWTP is assimilated to a non-point source of pollution and as such, a specificmodel has been used in accordance with the national regulation on impact assessment (HJIT 2.2-93). The basic equations are presented below:

Q =exp- Y 2 +2 ]

Wind velocity >=11.5mr/s

1)U/la21 lt (a is the coefficient in a,=t)

C(R) = 3 [C(R - a) + 4C(R) + C(R + a)](R 2 a)




C(R) =-) *8Q 12 *x(-H2 2 2 )y2 -12f ) tr R8 + He 2re U 2+ *HI22 2

7 272

2) U=O and U/a<1

C(R)= 2QA, ( 2_ 3(2R2 + 2H

(2ff) 2 yRaH

Sanitation protection distance

According to the national standard methods (GB/T13201-91), the sanitation protection distance canbe calculated with the following equation:

R)=2QA 2)( 3 2R2 + 2 He(27f) 2 7R cH

Odours

Major sources of odour are the aeration tank, sedimentation tank, sludge condensation tank,sludge dewatering zone, etc. Odour sources are all non-point pollution sources.

Standards used for evaluation are presented in the following table.

TABLE 7.8: EVALUATION STANDARDS FOR ODOURS

Source of Odour Emission standards Sanitation design Lowest human sensitivity(Class II) in mg/m3 standards (mg/m 3 ) concentration (mg/m 3 )

NH3 1.5 0.20 0.1

H2S 0.06 0.01 0.00047

S-methanol 0.007 -- 0.0021

Odour gas 20(no unit) --- ---

7.3.2. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION

7.3.2.1. FROM LIEDE 3 WWTP

In order to estimate the odour emission, GRIEP made comparison with monitoring results fromDatansha WWTP and Liede WWTP (phase 1).

TABLE 7.9: MONITORING RESULTS FOR LIEDE I AND DATANSHA

NH 3 H2S S-methanol

DATANSHAWWTP 10:00-11:00 11:00-12:00 10:00-11:00 11:00-12:00 10.00-11:00 11:00-12:00

Sludge cond. tank 0.114 0.104 0.004 0.002 Undetected Undetected

Downwind direction 0.099 0.094 0.002 0.002 Undetected Undetected(1 2m)

Downwind direction 0.071 - 0.002 - Undetected(1 OOm)


GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANKGUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES


LIEDE I WWTP 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00

Sludge cond. tank 0.128 0.125 0.003 0.003 Undetected Undetected

Downwind direction 0.105 0.112 0.004 0.005 Undetected Undetected(12m)

Downwind direction 0.097 0.092 0.003 0.003 Undetected Undetected(1OOm)

The odour emission forecast for the project, based on the monitoring of Datansha and Liede 1 isestimated at:* NH3: 59.5 mg/s or 0.214 kg/hr* H2S: 1.42 mg/s or 0.005 kg/hr

According to the layout of the plant, main odour pollution sources are in the central area of theplant. The sludge condensation tank and sludge dewatering building are in the East part of theplant. The table below shows the distances between the concerned spots and the pollution source.

TABLE 7.10: DISTANCES OF MONITORING SPOTS TO POLLUTION SOURCE

Concerned sensitive spots Distance to the plant Direction from plantpollution source

1 - Yuancun residential area 600m ESE

2 - North bank of the Front Channel 1200m S

3 - Governmental residential buildings 80m WSW

4 - Tancun residential area 250m N

5 - Inside plant site 20 m WSW

Eastern border 300m E

Western border 50m W

Southern border 250m S

Northern border 40m N

Note: pollution source refers to the centre of the aeration tank

Forecast NH3 and H2S concentrations at the level of the sensitive spots has been done using anaverage wind velocity of 2.3 m/s and for 3 levels of atmospheric stability (B, D and E). Also forecastof maximum concentration at 35 m from pollution source has been estimated. Results are given inthe following table.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N 355073 PAGE 115 2003 - NOVEMBER



TABLE 7.11: NH3 AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR FAST WIND VELOCITY (2.3 MIS)

NH 3 Concentration H2 S Concentration

Atmospheric stability B D E B D E

Spot 1 - 600m 0.0014 0.0059 0.0149 0.0000 0.0001 0.0005

Spot 2 - 1200m 0.0002 0.0014 0.0039 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001SensitiveSpots Spot 3- 80m 0.0264 0.0677 0.1177 0.0006 0.0017 0.0024

Spot 4 - 250m 0.0073 0.0295 0.0744 0.0001 0.0007 0.0018

Spot 5 - Inside VWVTP 0.1437 0.1969 0.2283 0.0035 0.0048 0.0060

Standard TJ36-79 0. 20 0.01

Eastern boundary (350m) 0.0054 0.0202 0.0597 0.0001 0.0005 0.0014

Plant western boundary(50m) 0.0766 0.1109 0.1291 0.0019 0.0027 0.0031Boundary southern boundary (250m) 0.0073 0.0295 0.0744 0.0001 0.0007 0.0018

northern boundary (40m) 0.1108 0.1499 0.1782 0.0027 0.0037 0.0043

Standard GB18918-2002 1.5 0.06

TABLE 7.12: NH3 AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR SLOW WIND VELOCITY (1.5 MIS)

NH 3 Concentration H2 S Concentration


Spot 1 - 600m 0.000 0.003 0.006 0.0000 0.0001 0.0008

Spot 2 - 1200m 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002SensitiveSpots Spot 3 - 80m 0.004 0.016 0.020 0.0011 0.0023 0.0037

Spot 4 - 250m 0.001 0.008 0.010 0.0002 0.0009 0.0028

Spot 5 - Inside VWVTP 0.016 0.036 0.030 0.0065 0.0065 0.0092

Standard TJ36-79 0. 20 0.01




Standard GB18918-2002 1.5 0.06




TABLE 7.13: MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF NH3AND H2SAT 35 M FROM FACILITY

Atmospheric stability B D E

NH3

Maximum concentration (mg/m3) 0.143 0.196 0.228

Distance to pollution source (m) 35 35 35

Evaluation standards (mg/m3) Residential sanitation standard (TJ36-79): 0.20Emission standard of the plant at boundary: 1.5

H2SMaximum concentration (mg/rn3) 0.0035 0.0048 0.0054Distance to pollution source (m) 35 35 35

Evaluation standards (mg/m3) Residential sanitation standard (TJ36-79) 0.01,emissionstandard of the plant boundary:0.06

According to these results, it is possible to conclude the followings:* with fast wind velocity of 2.3 m/s, all concerned spot meet the standard (TJ36-79) for NH3

concentration, except spot 5 (inside WWTP), which shows the highest concentration of0.2283 mg/m3 under E atmospheric stability (14% excess of standard). Concentrations forecastedat plant boundaries meet emission standard (1.5mg/rn3).

* With similar wind conditions, all spots including spot 5 meet standard (TJ36-79) for H2S, evenunder E atmospheric stability class, as well as all plant boundaries meet emission standard(0.06 mg/m3).

* However, as the lowest human detection concentration for H2S is considered as low as0.00047 mg/m 3, a slight odour perception near the governmental residential buildings (Spot 3),the Tancun residential area (Spot 4) and along the plant boundary may still be possible, mainlyduring unfavourable weather conditions (small wind velocity and stable weather).

This probable situation will be even reinforced by the existing levels of NH3 and H2S which arealready observed during the survey. Integration of existing pollutant load (background) and futureload from the WWTP is provided in the following table.

TABLE 7.14: PROBABLE FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS OF NH3IAND H2S

Concentration NH3 Concentration H2SSpots Current Forecasted Total Current Forecasted Total

1 0.02 0.0597 0.0799 0.005 0.0014 0.0064

2 0 0.0744 0.0744 0.006 0.0018 0.0078

3 0.03 0.1291 0.1591 0.004 0.0031 0.0071

4 0 0.1782 0.1782 0.003 0.0043 0.0073

5 0.08 0.2283 0.3083 0.003 0.0060 0.0090

Standard020.1(TJ36-79) 0.20 0.01

Note: lowest detection concentration is 0-007 mg/m3 forNH3 and 0.001 mg/m3 for H2S

7.3.2.2. FROM DASHADI I

The same methodology has been applied to the Dashadi WVVTP site. Calibration of model hasbeen made using monitoring results from Liede 1 and Datansha.




According to the layout of the plant, main odour pollution sources consist of the aeration tank andthe sludge dewatering building located in the south-west part of the plant, and the secondarysedimentation tank in the north-west part of the plant.

TABLE 7.15: DISTANCES OF MONITORING SPOTS TO POLLUTION SOURCE

Concerned sensitive spots Distance to the plant Direction from plantpollution source

1 - Wengchong Shipyard 400m E

2 - Residential buildings 350m NW

3 - Dahaosha Island 1500m SE

4 - Inside WWTP site 20 m

5 - Residential Wenchong / Hongshan St 700m N

6 - Office & residential buildings 200m SE

Eastern border 350m E

Western border 50m W

Southern border 1 OOm S

Northern border 250m NNote: pollution source refers to the centre of the aeration tank

Forecast of NH3 and H2S concentrations at the level of the sensitive spots has been done using anaverage wind velocity of 2.3 and for 3 levels of atmospheric stability (B, D and E). Also forecast ofmaximum concentration at 35 m from pollution source has been estimated. Results are given infollowing table.


4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ' -l t ' ts R % ! ,

I II ;- .'.- i7 I * f 7

_.... ... 1_.... - q I X1 ' -1L

___________- / - -- RWNT.I'I -UIG -- - It , rio; ,,ft' +, 1 7:

AA ~3-- . A -l ,,

A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~A?

--- l---- LEGEND

r \ {, - M I d PROJECT SITE K,s4 4r AIR QUAUTY SPOTa

. OMOTORING A

FIGURE 7.27: AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR LIEDE 3

'-I. - - -ls ,]

- _ _ J N _

** ' '

~~t~i ?)4 A £~ ~ *'I-S >: ;m 0 SA F'\

zi: zll'.'flH,'. r . 1J'J3i , r

* - . / Legend3 flQ ,_ Et, r PROJECT SITE

! ° atAJR OUAury MmoNTORING SPOT A

FIGURE 7.28: AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR DASHADI 1

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEM8ER 2003


/f R AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATION FIGURES

SOGREAH FOR LIEDE 3 WWTP AND DASHADI 1 WWTP N° 7.27 & 7.28



TABLE 7.16: NH3 AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR FAST WIND VELOCITY (2.3 M/S)

NH3 Concentration H2S Concentration


Spot 1 - 400m 0.0026 0.0055 0.0132 0 0.0001 0.0003

Spot 2 - 350m 0.0023 0.0058 0.0128 0 0.0001 0.0003

Spots Spot 3 - 1500m 0 0 0 0 0 0Spot 4 - Inside vWvTP 0.116 0.147 0.177 0.0031 0.0039 0.0045

Spot 5 - 700m 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spot 6 - 200m 0.0066 0.0255 0.0640 0.0002 0.0006 0.0015

Standard TJ36-79 0. 20 0.01




Standard GB18918-2002 1.5 0.06

TABLE 7.17: NH3 AND H2S CONCENTRATIONS AT DIFFERENT SPOTS FOR SLOW WIND VELOCITY (1.5 M/S)

NH 3 Concentration H2S Concentration


Spot 1 - 400m 0.0049 0.0076 0.0202 0 0.0001 0.0005

Spot 2 - 350m 0.0043 0.0080 0.0196 0 0.0001 0.0005

Spots Spot 3 - 1500m 0 0 0 0 0 0Spot 4 - Inside VWvTP 0.2189 0.2024 0.2709 0.0058 0.0053 0.0069

Spot 5 - 700m 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spot 6 - 200m 0.0125 0.0351 0.0980 0.0004 0.0008 0.0023

Standard TJ36-79 0. 20 0.01




Standard GB18918-2002 1.5 0.06




TABLE 7.18: MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF NH3AND H2SAT 35 M FROM FACILITY

Atmospheric stability B D E

NH3

Maximum concentration (mg/m 3) 0.116 0.147 0.177


Evaluation standards (mg/rn3) Residential sanitation standard (TJ36-79): 0.20Emission standard of the plant at boundary: 1.5

H2SMaximum concentration (mg/m 3) 0.0031 0.0039 0.0045


Evaluation standards (mg/rn3) Residential sanitation standard (TJ36-79) 0.01,emissionstandard of the plant boundary:0.06

As we can see from the above table, the maximum concentration of NH3 is close to the Residentialsanitation standard (TJ36-79), which is 0.2 mg/m3, with an atmospheric stability of D and E.Regarding H2S, its maximum concentration meets standard whatever the atmospheric stability is.

According to the results of the previous tables, it is possible to conclude the followings:* with fast wind velocity of 2.3 m/s, all concerned spot meet the standard (TJ36-79) for NH3

concentration, even spot 4 (inside WWTP), which shows the highest concentration of0.177 mg/m 3 under E atmospheric stability (89% of standard). Concentrations forecasted at plantboundaries meet emission standard (1.5mg/rn3). No NH3 impact for the residential areas ofWenchong and Hongshan Streets.

* With similar wind conditions, all spots including spot 5 meet standard (TJ36-79) for H2S, evenunder E atmospheric stability class, as well as all plant boundaries meet emission standard(0.06 mg/m 3).

* However, as the lowest human detection concentration for H2S is considered as low as0.00047 mg/m 3, a slight odour perception at sites 1, 2, 4, 6 and along the plant boundary maystill be possible, mainly during unfavourable weather conditions (small wind velocity and stableweather).

This probable situation will be even reinforced by the existing levels of NH3 and H2S which arealready observed during the survey. Integration of existing pollutant load (background) and futureload from the WWTP is provided in the following table.

TABLE 7.19; PROBABLE FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS OF NH3AND H2S

Concentration NH3 Concentration H2S

Spots Current Forecasted Total Current Forecasted Total

1 0.0035 0.0132 0.0167 0.0005 0.0003 0.00082 0.0035 0.0128 0.0163 0.0005 0.0003 0.0008

3 0.0035 0 0.0035 0.0005 0 0.00054 0.0035 0.177 0.1805 0.0005 0.0045 0.005

Standard(TJ36-79) 0.20 0.01

Note: lowest detection concentration is 0.007 mg/me forNH3 and 0.001 mg/m' for H2S




7.3.2.3. SENSITIVE SPOTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

Table 7.20 summarises the sensitive points potentially influenced by odours during the operation ofthe two WWVTP.

TABLE 7.20: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH ODOURS FOR THE 2 WWTP

Distance with boundaryLocation Objective of protection Nature &Type of WWTP

(m)

West Gov. Building & Resident Residenthousing&Office 100housing

LiedeNorth Living area of Tan village Resdenthousing 250

Da West Resident Housing Resident housing 100Sha South- Building of Guangzhou Office building 80di West Waiyun Company with 2 floors

North- Resident Housing Resident housing 350West

The odour is mainly coming from the aerator, sedimentation tank, sludge dewatering tank and inletof lifting pump station. Potential mitigation measures to be considered could include:* Covering of the tanks of each treatment facility with odour removal and treatment;* Design the process units sufficiently well to avoid "dead zones".* The dewatered sludge should be transported quickly to the centralised sludge treatment unit.

Temporary accumulations located in the plant should be cleaned by the chlorine or chloride oflime and sprayed.

* The building in the plant area should be arranged reasonable in order for the odour ofproduction to be away from environmental sensitive point; there should be a "buffer zone" of atleast 300 m within the plant.

* The inlet to the lifting pump station should be covered or the pump station should be buried;there should be a protection area of 50m to the nearest resident housing.

* Trees, shrubs and lawn should be planted around the WVVTP area, for blocking off andabsorbing the odour and the aerosol of wastewater microorganism. The planting of treesaround the aerator and treatment tank should be considered in order to absorb the odour andkill the bacteria and coli form produced by WW. At the same time, the greening area should beconstructed in advance. Plants should be planted within the WVATP area for the prevention ofpollution, such as camphor, dogbane, oil tea plant and canna, etc. These trees all have betterpurification capacity. The combination of the trees and lawn should be paid attention to havegood efficacy.

7.3.2.4. FROM SEWERS AND PUMPING STATIONS

During operation, sewers and pump stations generally do not generally emit odours, if they areappropriately operated. Pump stations may possibly release some odours, but impact is uncertainas they are located far from the nearest residential area. Therefore no significant impact from odourpollutants of pump stations is expected.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 PAGE 122 2003- NOVEMBER



7.3.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY DURING CONSTRUCTION

The main pollution sources are machines burning fuel for digging, transportation, load, unload,vibration. Dust and waste gas from these machines affects air quality surrounding work place. Areamost affected is located in a range of around 100 m all around project sites, but also main accessroads to sites which will be supporting the heavy truck traffic.

Also, same impacts will be observed along the network rehabilitation or extension sites, where theimpact may be more direct for the population than the one from the WWTP sites, as the residentpopulation will be located much closer to works, but should have a shorter duration as the worksites move permanently.

GRIEP estimates that dust air content along major transportation roads could reach 8-10 mg/m3.According to previous research and measurements by GRIEP, dust from a normal construction siteshows significant impact up to 150 m radius. For a large construction site, this raise up to 500 m.For the present project, the hourly average TSP concentration at 500 meters is estimated to reach0.58 mg/m 3, which is already twice the daily average concentration of Class 2 standard(0.30 mg/m3).

Part of the spoil obtained during the WWTP construction should be reused to fill ground. Duringpipe network implantation, spoil will be stockpiled or reused to fill ground. During projectconstruction and especially during transportation and disposal of this spoil, there could be impactson the environment.

Spoil dropped on the ground by vehicles and spoil on the vehicle wheels would generate dustclouds on fine days, and would make the road muddy on wet days, affecting both people andpassing vehicles as well as the local environment.

If the spoil is not properly disposed of or stockpiled, it would impact the cleanliness of the city. Ifexcavated spoil is stockpiled for several weeks, the spoil will be dried by exposure to sunlight andwind and when disturbed, will raise dust clouds resulting in an increase in the fine particulatecontent of the ambient air. Hence, management of spoil during the construction should bereinforced to prevent too much impact on air quality by reducing the emission of dust.

7.3.4. MITIGATION MEASURES

Mitigation measures concern mainly appropriate construction and earthworks managementmethods to be imposed to the Contractor:* During excavation/filling earthworks, water will be sprayed to keep certain humidity; construction

site and worker camps as weel as other project areas soil surface will be regularly sprayedduring dry periods to prevent dust emission;

* Disposal sites for excavated material will be compacted and sprayed with water regularly; spoilnot used on site will be removed at the soonest for eventual disposal outside urbanized areas;

* Inflammable construction waste (cartoon, paper, plastic, wood, etc.) will not be burned on sitebut transported to appropriate landfill or disposal site;

* Cooking for workers on sites will rely on gas or electrical cookers, and will not use charcoal orwood or any product generating dust or fumes;

* Trucks for spoil transportation will be covered before they leave the construction sites to limitdust emission during travel to disposal site; washing stations will be installed in mainconstruction sites (WvTP) to avoid release of mud on public streets and roads with eventualproduction of dust (or sediment to sewers);

* Strict maintenance of engines for trucks and other heavy machinery will be implemented by thecontractor to reduce smoke and gas emission;

* Roads for truck traffic will be selected preferentially outside residential areas.




7.4. IMPACT OF NOISE

7.4.1. IMPACT OF NOISE DURING CONSTRUCTION

During the construction phase, the main source of noise will be the operation of constructionmachines and vehicles transporting building materials. It is not anticipated in the project to useblasting on construction sites.

TABLE 7.21: NoISE VALUE OF MAIN MACHINES DB(A)

Equipment Type 15 m 30 m 50 m 100 m 200 m

Excavator 78 72 67 61 53

Bulldozer 78 72 67 61 53

Drilling machine 89 83 78 72 66

Air compressor 75 69 64 58 52

Vibrator 76 70 65 59 53

Mixer 75 69 64 58 52

Truck 76 70 65 59 53

Truck 77 70 65 59 53

At night, especially, construction noise would impose a severe nuisance on the residents in thevicinity, especially those located at less than 50 m. Night working and especially the use of themost noisy equipment during the night should then be strictly controlled in order to minimise theimpact of noise on the surrounding residents. In particular for excavations or the construction oftunnels (if any tunnelling option is considered), drills used outside at the beginning of tunnelconstruction should be forbidden at night. In order to limit construction noise to people, Chinagovernment issued a regulation "Noise limitation of Construction Field Boundary (GB12523-90) ".

Based on the daytime and night time limiting noise values contained in this regulation, the bufferzones required to respect these limiting values have been calculated and are presented below.

TABLE 7.22: THE MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN NOISE SOURCES TO SENSITIVE POINT

Noise source Maximum noise dB(A) Shortest distance away from source (m)Daytime Night

Bulldozer 95 10 100

Excavator 96 12 115

Mixer 88 8 45

Vibrator 80 4 18

Drill 105 100 Prohibited

Dependent on the nature of the works (WWTP and network) sensitive points for each sub-component have been identified. These are summarised in the following tables below. Mapsindicating the location of these points are provided at the end of this chapter.




TABLE 7.23: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH NOISE FOR THE 2 WWTP

Distance with boundaryLocation Objective of protection Nature &Type of W\VTP

(m)

West Gov. Building & Resident Resdenthousing&Office 100housing RsinhiigOfc

LiedeNorth Living area of Tan village Resdenthousing 250

Da West Resident Housing Resident housing 100

Sha South- Building of Guangzhou Office building 80

di West Waiyun Company with 2 floors

TABLE 7.24: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH NOISE FOR THE NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH DASHADI & LIEDE 3

Network Area Nature & PopulationType affected

Science &South-china plant research institute research 520

instituteLiving area in Chenchun . 653

Living area in Nanxiang village Resident 48Living area in Shangshe Village housing 728Resettlement house in Dongpu 349

Liede Living area in CheBei 242Phase III Living area of High -Tech industry Resident 250

Development Zone in Tianhe housingLiving area in eastern bank of Chebei 668

CreekMiddle school Nol 8 of Guangzou School 480

DongPu Primary school 250Living area in western bank of Chebei Resident 634

creek housingLiving area in the part of west of 363

Lianxinan RoadLiving area along the creek of Shizi Resident

bridge housing 430Living area along east bank of 388

WenchongLimin School of Huangpu School 258

Dashadi Living area along west bank of XinXi 380Phase I creek

Living area along Gangwan Road- 991Hengsha bei zheng jie Resident

Living area along HuangCun housing 235oad - Hulin road

Living area along west raod of 308Dashadi

Living area along Huancun Xi road - Resident 501eastern part of Yuying road housing




TABLE 7.25: SENSITIVE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH NOISE FOR THE 4 NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH DATANSHA, LIEDE, XILANG& LIJIAO

Section No Name Direction Population tobe affected

Network for Liede 1# Tan Cun(network throughout middle of resident East to 255housing) west

Network for LiJiao 2# Living area along east bank of back sea-route eastto 413

3# Baogang Dadao North to 26

4# Living area along south of Jiangnan East 277dadao(Middle) from North to South West 88

5# Living area along south of Jiangnan Da dao East 282(Part of South) from North to South West 110

6# Living area along SiGang road from North to East 189South West 531

7# Living area along Yuejin Road from West to South 541East North 585

8# Living area along Kangle village of Nantai road South 507from West to East North 645

9# Living area along Kangle West street from north East 413to south West 400

10# Living area along the planned road of Suibao South 134Xiang from west to east North 226

11# Living area along planned road of Lujiang East 190village from north to south West 216

12# Living area along planned road of Lujiang South 118village from west of east North 352

13# Living area along Guangzhou light industry East 13mechanical Group Ltd from north to south West 8

14# Living area along planned road of boundary of East 58Xinye road from north to south West 82

South 1015# Living area along Xinye road from west to east Noth 71

16# Living area along planned road of the east side East 253of Wanhua Garden from north to south West 24

17# Living area along planned road of boundary of East 233Yingfeng road from north to south West 215

18# Living area along planned road of eastern part East 11of industry zone from south to north West 39

19# Living area along planned road of Dongfeng West to 247country committee East

20# Living area along west bank of Dong creek from East 266west to east West 436

21# Living area along north bank of Houjiao Creek East to 654from east to west west

22# Living area along east bank of Houjiao creek West to 115from west to east east

23# Living area along east bank of Luoyao creek North to 476from north to south south





24# Living area along west bank of Luoyao creek North to 486from north to south south

East 29125# Living area along the north of Lijiao Da dao West 337

26# Living area along planned road of Huangpu West 150creek

27# Living area along Cangtou road from west to North 163east South 171

28# Living area along Xinlu Dong street West 1286

North 6329# Living area along WWNTP of Nazhou road South 6

30# Living area along east bank of Xijiang creek East to 306west

31# Living area along west bank of Xijiang creek westto 264

West- 4321# Living area along Saibei creek area east

Norht- 147south

2# Living area along west bank of Huadi river Weast - 217

Jinsha 693# Living area along east bank of Huadi river develop-

ment zone4# Living area along Huangcui nan road (near West to 525

Network for XiLang south side) east5# Living area along the north bank of Xiashi creek Weast ° 162

6# Living area along planned road of Jiansha road East 130area from north to south West 125

7# Living area along direction of west-east from South 24west to east North 39

South 1838# Living area along Nantai road from west ot east Noth 146

Network for Datansha 1# Living area along planned raod of Xinshi creek East 328Living area along planned raod of Xinshi and West 1219

2# west of Jichang road East 1201

3# Living area along planned road of east of West 719Jichang road East 799

4# Living area along Huiqiao zhong road (partly in North 311the planning) South 301

5# Living area along planned road of south of North 163Huiqiao zhong road South 340

6# Living area along north bank of xinshi creek North 29347# Living area along north bank of xinshi creek South 1498

8# Living area along west street of mingzhu bei West 877Road East 1820

9# Living area along planned road of west of West 104mingzhu bei road East 77

10# Living area along planned nol of west of North 161





mingzhu bei road South 146

11# Living area along planned road no 2 of west of North 317Mingzhu bei Road South 139

12# Living area along network of west of Zengcha North 372road South 503

13# Living area along xizhou bei road in the West 429planning East 356

14# Living area along planned road of zengbu area East 97

15# Living area along planned road of West 9Wngshengtang East 62

16# Living area along planned road of Sanyuan Li West 305zone East 169

17# Living area along Xin yi road East 133

North 1 318# Living area along planned road of Jingtai area South 179

West 25719# Living area along Tangxi xi street East 1507

20# Living area along sha chong North of 511

North 8121# Living area along shachong South bank South 95

22# Living area along planned road of baiyun line North 287no 1 South 767

23# Living area along the north of planned road of West 16baiyun line Nol East 182

24# Living area along the planned road of west of West 210Datansha East 296

West 22625# Living area along Hesha road

Network for Datansha East 250

West 41526# Living area along location of Zhudao Garden East 158

27# Living area along planned road of north bank of North 447Hesha creek South 49

28# Living area along planned road of north of North 64suangqiao road South 75

29# Living area along east bank of Zhengbu river East 925

West 9230# Living area along Tanwei zhong road East 78

31# Living area along planned road of east of West 124Datansha East 102

32# Living area along Ruyi fang zone East 501

33# Living area along planned road of south of West 289Datansha East 143




7.4.1.1. MITIGATION MEASURES

The following measures should be adopted by the construction unit to reduce the impact of noise:* The utilization of various piling drivers should be forbidden for the construction unit and

engineering unit during the period of construction. The construction unit and engineering unitshould follow the "Regulation for prevention of pollution of environmental noise" and SuiFu[1995]No 145 regulation concerning the "Notice concerning the utilization of premixed concretefor the construction project on the two side of the road in the city.

* The excavation of earth work for the network and pump station shall be forbidden during thenight-time and lunch-time.

* The working of high noise machine should be forbidden during the rest time (noon time ornighttime) .

* Low noise plant or plant with sound insulation should be chosen especially for generators;* The construction unit should reasonably arrange the construction time and site and undertake

the maintenance of equipment on time, carry out strictly the operation standard. The workingarea of high noise should be away from resident area. Temporary sound insulation barriershould be set up near the boundary of the construction to reduce the impact of noise.

* The entrance & exit of transport vehicle should be arranged in order to be away from residentarea.

* The utilization of generator group should be forbidden should their be a municipal power supplyavailable nearby.

7.4.2. IMPACT OF NOISE DURING OPERATION

7.4.2.1. LIEDE WWTP SITE

During the operation phase, the main sources of noise are due to pumping stations and wastewater treatment works with equipment such as pumps, ventilator and air compressors with noiseproduction in the range 86-95 dB(A).

GRIEP carried out measurements around the Liede WWTP site on 12 August 2003, over a 24 hrsperiod, and using 8 measurement spots inside and on the boundary of the site.

Results, based on the Leq method, are presented in the following table.

TABLE 7.26: NOISE MONITORING RESULTS FOR THE LIEDE SITE UNIT: DB (A)

Spot Daytime Night time Remarks Standards

1 66.5 53.8 Affected by Huanan Highway

2 56.7 49.5 Class 4: day-70dB(A), night-55dB(A)

3 55.9 48.2

4 57.3 48.8 Class 2: day-6OdB(A), night-5OdB(A)

5 67.8 54.3 Affected by Huanan Highway Class 4: day-7OdB(A), night-55dB(A)

6 57.3 46.8

7 57.5 55 5* Affected by the aeration tank Class 2: day-6OdB(A), night-5OdB(A)of Liede WWTP (first phase)

8 70.5* 62.5* Affected by Huanan Highway Class 4: day-7OdB(A), night-55dB(A)




TABLE 7.27: NOISE IMPACT FORECAST FOR LIEDE UNIT: DB (A)

Daytime Night timeSpot Standards

Current Future Increase Current Future Increase

1 66.5 66.5 +0.0 53.8 54.4 +0.6Class 4: day-7OdB(A),

2 56.7 57.1 +0.4 49.5 51.1 +1.6 night-55dB(A)

3 55.9 56.3 +0.4 48.2 50.3 +2.1

4 57.3 58.0 +0.7 48.8 52.2 +3.4 Class 2

5 67.8 67.8 +0.0 54.3 55.2 * +0.9 Class 4

6 57.3 57.5 +0.2 46.8 48.5 +1.7 Class 2: day-6OdB(A),

7 57.5 57.5 +0.0 55.5 * 56.5 * +1.0 night-5OdB(A)

8 70.5 * 70.6 * +0.1 62.5 * 63.1 * +0.6 Class 4

Values exceeding standards

Model results show that noise level at spots 5, 7, 8 exceed standards. Spot 5 is mainly affected byHuanan Highway and by the existing aeration devices of Liede 1. Spots 7 and 8 are affected byHuanan Highway and by the aerators. Also, the sludge dewatering system in the southeast cornermay involve some impact.


LEGEND.~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ . R| *8 19 i

NOISE MONITORING-7 .SPOT

t. 1 / (

K. /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t

, I k 1 -, / \

!f w1 -r r ,-fK. t _t t

4 'Ir 1

_ .I I / ''t


THE WORLD BANK OVERALL ENVIRONM ENTAL ASSESSMENT 35-5073

.-

_- , 4 ~~~~~~~SITES FOR NOISE MEASUREMENT BY GRIEP FIGURE NO 7.29SQGREAH s ,.; ~~(EXCEPT WWTP SITES)



7.4.2.2. DASHADI WWTP SITE

GRIEP carried out measurements around the Dashadi WWTP site on 5 August 2003, over a 24 hrsperiod, and using 7 measurement spots inside and on the boundary of the site, as well as 2measurement spots near each of the 2 proposed pumping stations.

Results, based on the Leq method, are presented in the following table.

TABLE 7.28: NOISE MONITORING RESULTS FOR DASHADI SITE UNIT: DB (A)

Spot Daytime Night time Remarks Standards

1 67.5 53.2 Affected by Huangpu Dong RdClass 4: day-7OdB(A), night-55dB(A)

2 68.2 53.8 Affected by Huangpu Dong Rd

3 56.8 50.1

4 58.5 49.3

5 57.6 49.2 Class 3: day-65dB(A), night-55dB(A)

6 67.8 53.3 Affected by Shihua Rd

7 68.5 55.7 Affected by Shihua Rd

P1I1* 60.5 49.3Affected by Zhongshan Rd

P1-2* 60.9 48.8Class 4: day-7OdB(A), night-55dB(A)

P2-1* 71.5 55.5Affected by Huangpu Dong Rd

P2-1* 68.8 54.8*Note: P1-1 & P1-2: Measurement spots 1 and 2 for Pumping station site No 1

TABLE 7.29: NOISE IMPACT FORECAST FOR DASHADI UNIT: DB (A)

Daytime Night timeSpot Standards

Current Future Increase Current Future Increase

1 67.5 67.5 +0.0 53.2 53.9 +0.7 Class 4: day-7OdB(A),

2 68.2 68.2 +0.0 53.8 54.5 +0.7 night-55dB(A)

3 56.8 56.8 +0.0 50.1 50.1 +0.0

4 58.5 58.5 +0.0 50.3 50.3 +0.0

5 57.6 57.6 +0.0 49.2 49.2 +0.0 Class 3 day-65dB(A),

6 67.8 * 67.8 * +0.0 53.3 54.1 +0.8

7 68.5 * 68.7* +0.2 55.7 56.7 +1.0values exceeding standards

For the pumping stations, as the equipment will be installed underground, no significant noisenuisance is anticipated.


Layout of the WWTP should be optimized from the noise reduction point of view; high level noiseequipment should be located far from the residential area outside the plant, or receive specificacoustic features.




For the various works, it is recommended to use low noise equipment and/or to take measures toreduce the noise of the most noisy equipment. For noise sources inside a building, specific noiseprotection device should be built for the equipment; for noise sources outside, specific acousticfeatures should be installed and anti vibration measures should be implemented. For the pumpingstations, buildings should be designed with specific acoustic features. Appropriate location of PS,as anticipated presently (far from residential area) will reduce the risk of noise nuisance.

EPB-GZ will carry out during the duration of the works random monitoring of equipment andmachines used on the construction sites. Control will also be performed at the request of the ESDManager, following either primary request from the CSEA/ESFI of ESU or direct claims fromresidents.

7.5. IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE

7.5.1. DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE

"Domestic" solid waste will be generated during both construction and operation of the wastewatersystems. In both cases these will be collected and disposed to the existing landfill as per ordinarydomestic solid waste.

During the construction phase, solid waste will be generated by the site-offices and the workerscamps. This could cover a variety of wastes ranging from paper, plastics, cans, officeconsumables such as printer cartridges, food waste, etc. Although of a small total quantity (a totalestimate of 1210 kg/day has been made), these could have localised impacts if not managedcorrectly. The management of such wastes will be the responsibility of the contractor as outlined inthe EMP (Volume 4).

7.5.2. IMPACT OF SPOIL DURING CONSTRUCTION

Significant volumes of spoil will be generated during the construction of the project components,mainly composed of earth from excavation works and not re-used for filling or reclamation, and ofthe products from demolition of existing buildings and concrete structures, mainly in Dashadi andalong the sewer network component. Tentative estimate of volumes is provided in the followingtable.

TABLE 7.30: ESTIMATE OF SPOIL PRODUCTION (EARTH SPOIL ONLY)

Component Excavation (m3) Filling (m3 ) Spoil (mi)

Liede 3 WVTP 186 000 58 500 127 500

Liede 3 Network 277 893 230 785 47 108

Dashadi 1 W'TP 256 000 64 500 191 500

Dashadi 1 Network & PS 375 976 324 160 51 816Network 4 areas 327 542 267 989 59 553

TOTAL 1 423 411 945 934 477 477

The project is divided into a number of individual construction sites associated with each of theWvVWTP and the network components. The management of spoil for the project as a whole shouldbe consistent, although the inherent characteristics of each site will require that spoil handling, spoilre-use and disposal and environmental and traffic management strategies are specific to eachcontract. The following paragraphs outline the main considerations inherent to the project. Therequirements of the contractor with regard to the establishment of spoil management plans areoutlined in the EMP (Volume 4 of this EA).




It has been estimated that about half million m3 of earth spoil will need to be removed from theconstruction sites. If totally removed by trucks and based on a unit capacity of 10 tons or 5 m3 pertruck, this will represent a total of more than 100,000 rotations, with evident major impacts on theroad traffic and road surface alteration. It is most probable that spoil will have to be evacuated fromurban areas using trucks, with resulting nuisance for residents and public safety issues related tothe risk of traffic accident. Strict procedures related to this activity will need to be imposed to thecontractor in charge. These procedures are outlined in the EMP (Volume 4) of the EA.

Two spoil dump sites have been identified as indicated in Figures 7.30 and 7.31 within BaiyunDistrict. As these sites will be used for non-hazardous spoil only (largely soil and building material)it is not anticipated that there will be any adverse environmental impact at these spoil sites. It isunderstood that these spoil sites are existing quarries which will be later rehabilitated.

Transport to the spoil sites will be strictly controlled to within normal working hours. Recommendedroutes to the spoil sites are indicated in Figure 7.32. Traffic movement and the routes to beadopted by each contractor will be described in detail in a Traffic Control Plan to be established byeach relevant contractor.


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7.5.3. IMPACT OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL DURING OPERATION

7.5.3.1. ESTIMATED SLUDGE PRODUCTION

In June 2002 a study on "Treatment options and applications for domestic sludge from GuangzhouWWTPs" has been done by Guangzhou Municipal Engineering and Design Institute.

This study points out the necessity of sludge treatment in the future. In order to avoidenvironmental pollution and to reinstall and preserve a good environment in and around the PearlRiver the number of treatment plants in and around the Guangzhou Municipality is increasing. Butwastewater treatment means also sludge production, so solutions have to be found to minimise theamount of sludge produced and its disposal. The study summarises the sludge production in theexisting plants and estimates sludge production in 4 treatment plants until 2004 taking into accounta dry sludge content of about 20 % (thickening and dewatering by filter-belt).

TABLE 7.31: EXPECTED SLUDGE PRODUCTION BY 2004

Capacity in 2004 Dry Sludge Dry Solid Content Wet sludge(m /d) production (tons/d) (%) production (tons/d)

Datansha 550 000 64 20 325

Liede 1-2 440 000 51 20 255

Xilang 200 000 23 20 120

Lijiao 200 000 23 20 120

According to this table, the total of sludge produced after the completion of Liede 2 will be820 tons/day of sludge at 20% dry solid.

Regarding the present WWTP project, the volume estimate of sludge and solids from screen barsto be generated by Liede 3 and Dashadi 1, based on the designed treatment capacity, on thequality of the influent and the effluent, and on the technique adopted (A20), is presented in thefollowing table. Sludge is anticipated to have 20% dry solid and waste from screen bars contains inaverage 40% solids.

TABLE 7.32: DAILY SOLID WASTE PRODUCTION FROM LIEDE 3 AND DASHADI 1 WWTP (TONS/DAY)

Waste Type

Sludge Sludge Screen bar Waste Total (Wet)Production

Dry Solids Wet Sludge Dry Solids Wet Waste

Liede 3 23.0 115.0 36.5 91.2 196.2

Dashadi 1 23.0 115.0 36.5 91.2 196.2

Total 46.0 230.0 73.0 182.4 392.4

The table shows that about 400 tons/day of wet waste will need to be evacuated from both newWWTP. Wet sludge alone will represent 230 tons/day. If added to the production of wet sludgefrom other existing WWTP (Datansha, Liede 1-2, Xiland and Lijiao), and proposed (GuangzhouEconomic Development Zone, western and eastern WWTP, 18 t/day wet sludge each) the dailyproduction of wet sludge should be about 1,086 tons/day.

Calculations for long term wet sludge production in Guangzhou municipality give almost 1,500 t/d8

in 2010. By that year, the production related to the WVTP financed by the present project willrepresent about 15% of the total WWTP sludge production of the whole Guangzhou Municipality.

8 Concerns the whole Guangzhou Municipality. Source: Sogreah, GPDRUEP, Strategic Options Report, 2003.




7.5.3.2. SLUDGE COMPOSITION

Only limited amounts of data are currently available to assess the composition of sludge from theexisting treatment works in Guangzhou as summarised below in Table 2.27.

A comparison of the results for the Year 2000 with those for the Year 2001 illustrate in general areduction in the concentration of toxic metal elements in the sludge, while the overall nutrientcontent remains largely unchanged. It is understood that this is largely due to the relocation ofindustries out of the current urban area of Guangzhou and their partial relocation in "economiczones".

The results for 2001 would indicate that chemical composition of sludge would generally appear tomeet the agricultural land application standards (GB 4284-840); this is consistent with the lowproportions of industrial wastewater in the wastewater treated at the plants (see Section 7.2.2.2 ofthis report); it is also interesting to note that the sludge from the Economic Zone WWTP (treatingalmost entirely industrial wastewater) generally appears to comply with land application standards.

It is nevertheless recognised that these conclusions remain to be confirmed and it is recommendedthat further measurements of sludge composition are undertaken to support these assertions.These measurements would include both routine measurements of sludge composition andmeasurements of sludge toxicity based on tests as detailed in Appendix 3 of this report andoutlined in the EMP.

TABLE 7.33: COMPOSITION OF SLUDGE FROM WWTP

Sludge Composition TN TP TK Ni As Cd Hg Cr Pb Zn Cu(mg/kg)

DatanshaWWTP1-2(Year 428 211 109 268 49.3 1.89 1.74 190 232 1891 16702000)

Subsequent Measures 367 213 174 - 17.9 1.05 0.77 103 153 - -(Year 2001)

Liede WWTP 1 (Year 2000) 468 223 112 - 16.2 4.47 6.62 70.8 182 1700 206

Subsequent Measures 323 225 211 - 17.9 0.58 0.58 77.9 101 - -(Year 2001)

Economic Zone WVVaP 541 332 146 - 14.97 - 0.438 219.2 331 - -(Year 2001)

FarmlandsoilGuangzhou na na na 16.5 13.5 0.17 0.13 57.7 27 50.5 17.9

Standards for agric. reuse - - - 100 75 5 5 600 300 500 250

It may be reasonably expected a progressive reduction in heavy metal contamination of sludge inthe coming years as the result of the implementation of the national clean industry strategy (asembodied in such strategies and plans as the Industrial Pollution Control Action Plan developed byGuangzhou Environmental Protection Bureau), which promotes industrial waste water treatmentfacilities and clean industrial processes with higher recycling level of effluents and waste.

In addition, during future operation, industries discharging to the wastewater network will becontrolled by a specific department within the Guangzhou Wastewater Company responsible forindustrial (trade) wastes and pollution control. This department will be responsible for ensuring thatthe industrial discharges to the wastewater networks do not exceed the allowed concentrations andloading rates (generally based on national standards as described in Appendix 3). The actions ofthis department are likely to further reduce the quantity of toxic elements, notably heavy metals insewage sludge. Further details of the activities of this department are provided in the EMP.




7.5.3.3. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE

In Guangzhou sludge is in general not stabilised. After thickening, conditioning and dewatering thesludge is either dumped into the sea, goes to a land fill or serves as land creation (reclamation).Private enterprises are awarded contracts for taking care of sludge evacuation and disposal.

According to information obtained from the Guangzhou Ocean & Fishery Bureau there are 4 sitesfor dumping sludge into the sea close to Macao and Hong Kong. Part of the sludge produced inGuangzhou is shipped to theses sites. Up to now Guangzhou Ocean & Fishery Bureau has noinformation about specific pollution resulting from this activity.

Part of the sludge from Dantansha WWTP is used for land reclamation of the Pearl River in Panyu.But this is just a short time solution concerning only limited quantities of sludge. AroundGuangzhou, 2 landfill sites (Likeng and Xin Feng) for municipal solid waste from eight urbandistricts are also used for the disposal of sludge. Likeng has been recently closed.

Guangzhou Municipal Government has recently signed a twenty year BOT arrangement with aprivate company (the Guangzhou New Technology Company, GNTC) committing the city to usethe treatment facilities to be constructed by GNTC both for existing wastewater treatment plantsand any further planned plants serving the urban area (this therefore includes the WWvTP under thecurrent project).

The proposed process involves the use of a chemical treatment process to reduce the initially hightoxic metal content of wastewater treatment plants and the final disposal of sludge either by landfillor by re-use within brick making. It is currently understood that the preferred option is to re-use atleast part of the treated sludge in brick making as a consequence of concerns expressed by theGuangzhou EPB at the large quantities of dewatered sludge to be disposed by landfill.

The construction of the Sludge Treatment Centre (STC) for Guangzhou, located in Sha Road ofHualong Town (Panyu District), as part of this BOT arrangement is under study. The centre willhave an initial design capacity of 900 tons/day. Odour removal and heavy metal stabilizationtechniques will be adopted for the treatment of the sludge in the treatment centre. After treatment,sludge would be combined with clay, following a new technology, and used for the production ofconstruction materials as bricks.

The justification for the use of the chemical treatment process was based on a single measurementof toxicity using a leaching test. The results of this analysis are summarised in Table 7.28 below.Testing of the proposed process was carried out on a pilot plant; this demonstrated for the abovesludge sample that the process was able to function correctly.

Comparison of the chemical composition of the sludge associated with the leaching test with thosereported previously indicate a major difference especially for cadmium, mercury and chromium.This analysis would question the need to undertake the proposed chemical treatment given theimprovement (reduction in heavy metal concentrations) associated with the existing plants.Furthermore, assuming a pro-rata relationship between chemical composition and the leaching testresults, it can be appreciated that the sludge quality measured in 2001 is likely to be acceptable forlandfilling in terms of Cd, Hg and most probably Pb.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 PAGE 140 2003- NOVEMBER



TABLE 7.34: COMPOSITION OF SLUDGE FROM WWTP

Sludge Composition TN TP TK Ni As Cd Hg Cr Pb Zn Cu(mg/kg)

Datansha AWTP 1-2 (Year 428 211 109 268 49.3 1.89 1.74 190 232 1891 16702000) (mg/kg)

Subsequent Measures 367 213 174 - 17.9 1.05 0.77 103 153 - -(Year 2001) (mg/kg)

Chemical Composition ofSample used in leaching - - - - - 7.42 6.42 1870 246 2960 265test (mg/kg)

Leaching test (mg/l) - - - - - 1.20 0.56 25.3 11.5 141.5 101

Standards for leaching test 10 1.5 0.3 0.05 - 3 50 50(mg/I)

Standard for waste entering 15 2.5 0.50 0.25 - 5 75 75landfill (mg/I)

It is anticipated that sludge produced by Liede and Dashadi will be transported by barge to theCentre for treatment. However, it should be noted that the 900 tons/day capacity of the treatmentcentre should be rapidly saturated by the production which should reach almost 1,100 tons/day inthe Guangzhou urban area after the completion of Liede 3 and Dashadi 1. Extension of the centreto satisfy the requirements (already anticipated with the purchase of the necessary land) or otherdisposal solutions will need to be considered in the coming few years.

The STC should be operational by the end of 2005, so about 2 years before Dashadi and Liede 3are completed. This period should be sufficient to ensure that treatment of sludge and final disposalparticularly through brick production is reliable and environmentally safe. However, moreinformation should be provided about the technical process anticipated for sludge treatment andthe quality management intended to be implemented.


During Construction stage, a detailed Management Plan for Spoil Transportation and Disposal willbe required from the Contractor before he starts the work, for approval by PMO-ESD and otherconcerned agencies (Guangzhou Traffic Police Department, EPB Guangdong, any other agency asappropriate).

As part of the camps management obligations, the Contractor will also ensure regular removal ofsolid domestic waste produced by the worker camps, by the canteen and by other facilities underits responsibility. He will subcontract the service to the agency or company presently in charge ofcollecting solid waste in the concerned urban area.

During operation, the public organization or private company in charge of running the WWTPfacilities will carry out monitoring of the sludge production including i) to ensure that sludgetreatment performed on site follows regulations regarding air and noise protection, ii) that sludgequality is in accordance with plant design, iii) that handling of sludge to the barge and transport totreatment centre does not result in losses and leakages which could be detrimental to the riverquality.

To guarantee at the time of this EA that an appropriate treatment and disposal of sludge fromDashadi and Liede 3 will be effective as soon as the WWTP are operational, it is recommended toidentify and study alternative suitable options for sludge treatment and disposal, such as a securedlandfill and composting for example - this would be developed as part of a Sludge ManagementPlan for Guangzhou. Even if the STC proves feasible and operates in accordance withexpectations in 2007, this engineering work will still be profitable for the future as it is probable thatsludge production from WVVWTP will soon exceed the STC capacity. This has been subsequentlyincluded as a technical assistance as part of the project.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N 355073 PAGE 141 2003-NOVEMBER



It is also recommended that the Sludge Management Centre prepares during its implementationstage an Environmental Management System Plan in order to apply for ISO 14001 Certification,which is an international standard based guaranteeing that the operation of the plant will follow thebest known practices for the preservation of the environment and the public safety. Municipal orProvincial authorities will ensure that the operation of the sludge treatment centre and the eventualreuse or disposal of treated sludge is performed in accordance with initial design of the project,local regulations and in the respect of the Plant Environmental Management System.

7.6. IMPACTS ON NATURAL AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The project will not involve any destruction of valuable natural land. Site in Dashadi is totallydeveloped, site in Liede is partly covered by few bushes and weeds. Both sites have no significantecological value.

The development of the network may impose the cutting of street trees. This impact can hardly bequantified at present, but during works, field inspectors in charge of supervising the EMP willensure that any tree is cut by absolute necessity, that any cutting is registered and that the projectwill ensure replanting of trees by the Gardens Department of Guangzhou Municipality at a rate ofnot less than one tree planted for one cut.

Regarding aquatic ecology, the baseline survey carried out for the purpose of this study hasdemonstrated the high level of pollution of the river nearby the project sites, and its low biodiversity.With measures imposed to the contractor to control river pollution from construction sites, impact ofconstruction on the aquatic environment is not anticipated.

Impact during operation will be globally beneficial, as a direct result from pollution dischargeabatement.

7.7. IMPACTS ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL ENVIRONMENT

7.7.1. PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION

The project will acquire permanently a total of approximately 110 hectares of land, and occupy 217ha of land temporarily. In total, the project will involve about 11,275 households and 44,662persons plus 3361 agricultural workers. The sewerage collection networks in the urban areainvolve the largest amount of the resettlement. Efforts have been given to optimise the sewer linealignments to minimize the resettlement quantities. Following such efforts, the affected housingarea has been reduced by 163,751 m2, or almost 16% of the original.

Much of this resettlement is due to the ancillary projects such as road construction and creekrehabilitation. The following tables provide the latest figures concerning land acquisition andpersons affected by the project, identifying those items which will be directly ascribed to thisproject.




TABLE 7.35: PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION

SUBCOMPONENT PERMANENT LAND TEMPORARY LANDAREA REQUIREMENT (HA) REQUIREMENT (HA)

TOTAL ASCRIBED TO AREA (HA) ASCRIBED TOPROJECT PROJECT

Liede 3WWTP 0 0 0 0Site

Liede 3 SNE 15.92 2.97 50.9 8.95

Sub-total Liede 15.92 2.97 50.9 8.95

Dashadi 1 39.85 39.85 0 0WWTP Site

Dashadi 1 SNE 19.86 4.91 65.39 12.5

Sub-total 59.71 44.76 65.39 12.5Dashadi

Datansha SNE 12.72 0.36 39.51 0.84

Liede 1-2 SNE 0.61 0.06 1.7 0.18

Xilang SNE 6.15 0.07 17.35 0.23

Lijiao SNE 13.03 2.11 42.05 7.5

Sub-total 32.51 2.6 100.61 8.75Network

TOTAL 108.14 50.33 216.9 30.2

7.7.2. PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS

Of the total number persons affected (approximately 45000 people), approximately 5400 aredirectly related to this project; the remainder are related to road and creek renovation projects.

Of the total number of Projected Affected People, there is a small percentage who can becategorised as falling within a "Vulnerable Group" (the poor, the disabled, households headed by awoman, unemployment, the aged).

Special measures have been proposed to ensure the successful rehabilitation of living standards ofthe vulnerable groups after resettlement. These measures include careful selection of resettledsites, providing priority in employment opportunities, resettlement in the areas with similar culturalbackground particularly for ethnic monitories, comparable housing, comparable renting, first floorhousing for business opportunities and lower floor housing for convenience, etc.




TABLE 7.36: ESTIMATED NUMBER OF AFFECTED PEOPLE

SUBCOMPONENT AREA NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS NUMBER OF AFFECTED NUMBER OF AGRICULTURALPERSONS WORKERS

TOTAL ASCRIBED TO TOTAL ASCRIBED TO TOTAL ASCRIBED TOPROJECT PROJECT PROJECT

Liede 3 VWVTP Site 0 0 0 0 0 0

Liede 3 SNE 1454 236 6296 1014 636 115Sub-total Liede 1454 236 6296 1014 636 115

Dashadi 1 WWTP 42 42 820 820Site 1220 1220Dashadi 1 SNE 2986 278 10272 942

423 82Sub-total Dashadi 3028 320 11092 1762 1643 1302

Datansha SNE 2207 109 10700 286207 4

Liede 1-2 SNE 60 2 249 624 3

Xilang SNE 311 1 808 1 74 0

Lijiao SNE 4200 669 15513 2312 768 135Sub-total Network 6778 781 27270 2605 1073 142

TOTAL 11260 1337 44658 5381 3352 1559

7.7.3. TRANSPORTATION

Proposed sewer systems or pipe networks will certainly cut across some roads or run parallel withthem. During the excavation and pipe-laying stage, there will be traffic congestion along theseroads.

The conventional way to solve the problem is to build side-tracks for vehicles during construction.As these temporary roads are usually very narrow, it is impossible for vehicles to pass each other.In addition, some vehicles will find it necessary to make a detour, which will not increase themileage but also increase the traffic volumes on other roads. During projects construction, spoilencroaching on the road surface will result in narrowing of the carriageway. On dry days, thesurface will be dusty and on wet days, the roads will be covered with mud and become slippery.

The project will take all the necessary measures in order to minimize the detrimental side effects ofnetwork construction. Coordination between the contractor and the traffic police will minimize roadblockage or will reduce it to the minimum duration. Pro-active information will also be implementedin order to have the concerned residents or daily passer-by to be informed of the date and theduration of the works in their area. This information will be done through posters, local meetingsand the creation of an internet site dedicated to the project and providing fresh and up-datedinformation on these issues.




The contractor will be required to implement safety and road signs in sufficient quantities and at theappropriate location, in order to facilitate traffic diversion and to reduce the risk of jam and caraccident.

It should be noted that the proposed second phase works of the Dashadi WWTP may have animpact of the existing navigation aid for river transport at the site. This should be taken intoaccount in the design of the second phase works.

7.7.4. ELECTRIC POWER

During implementation of the network, electricity may be temporary cut-off. The same procedure ofpublic information though posters and internet will be implemented.

At Dashadi, the site is criss-crossed with three 22 KV power lines, with one power line sectionwhich dips to about 10 meters and with about 5 or 6 towers distributed throughout the site.

The proposed design (see Section 5.4 and Figure 5.7) assumes that these power lines will not beremoved during construction of the plant.

It is most probable that the construction of the facility will involve the reorganisation of at leastsome towers, a task which may result in the temporary electricity cut-offs for a significant part of thesurrounding area, including for residential and industrial buildings.

A more detailed study on the subject should be carried out as part of the final design of the site.

7.7.5. CULTURAL PROPERTIES

No cultural property has been reported from the two vWvTP sites. Finding archaeological orhistorical relicts during network excavation may possibly happen. In coordination with theGuangzhou Construction Committee, in charge of archaeological issues, an early warningprocedure will be developed for implementation at the beginning of any new excavation zone, inorder to take any appropriate measure for investigation, study and protection, should a culturalrelict be discovered during the works.

7.7.6. INDUCED BENEFITS FROM PROJECT

The present inadequate state of the sewerage infrastructure in Guangzhou means that largequantities of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater is discharged directly into the PearlRiver and its branches. As a result, heavy pollution of the urban creeks and of the river, particularlyalong its urban branches, has seriously affected the normal uses of the water but also altered theurban environment, creating unhealthy environment along streams with unpleasant odours andlandscape.

The interception and diversion of the sewage would transfer the pollution load away from the areaswhere the load is generated, and help in the revival of the river. Thus, the water environment isexpected to improve, thereby encouraging urban improvement, rehabilitation and real-estatedevelopment along water reaches, resulting into better public health conditions and socio-economicgrowth.

In the project service areas, sewage is discharged at present directly into several creeks joining thepearl River branches. As a result of population growth and economic development, the quantity ofsewage will gradually increase. If no action is taken, the pollution will be considerably worse withthe probable total destruction of the aquatic life, and severe threat on the urban water intakes andlocal water resources.




The implementation of this project will not only curb the deterioration of environmental quality butalso initiate a global move towards regional and inter-municipal planning and investment in the fieldof sanitation and waste management, which is expected to boost economic development of thewhole region and improvement of the PRD water quality with eventually positive impacts on thepresent state of eutrophication of the estuary and reduction of detrimental red tide occurrence.

The direct discharges of industrial and domestic waste water is a significant threat to the waterquality of the water intakes, either for domestic or industrial purpose. The proposed projects whichinclude interception and diversion of this waste water would no doubt result in further direct andobvious water quality improvements at all the water intakes.

An adequate sewerage system is regarded as a prerequisite for economic development. Theseprojects will provide an important support for sustainable development of the concerned areas.

The discharges of polluted water, resulting in plumes along the river banks, will be eliminated,improving the local aesthetic conditions and eliminating the threat to the water intakes.

With these projects, sanitation and public health benefits are anticipated as direct or indirectconsequences.

7.8. RISK ASSESSMENT

7.8.1. WWTP OUTFALLS

Three risks may be associated with the outfall structures:* The risk of damage by an earthquake: the risk is extremely low in this region.* The risk of damage by ships: Both outfalls are located in a river branch with limited depth and

which supports boat traffic. Dashadi is located next to a shipyard, in front of which ships mayoccasionally anchor. Transport of sludge from the WWTP will be done by barge. It isrecommended to provide an adequate warning system around the location of the outfalls anddefining an area which should be forbidden for anchorage, and to place if necessary specificworks (piles, concrete blocks,...) around the outfall to protect them against accidental anchoringby drifting ships.

* Sedimentation in this part of the river may affect the operation of the outfalls. No preciseinformation is readily available on this subject at the time of this EA. An additional risk maycome from an accident during a dredging operation regularly carried out in the river.

7.8.2. OVERFLOW AND ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE

As described in section 6.2.3, a risk is the occurrence of an overflow (during a rain event) or amajor break-down in the operation of the WvvTP which may result in the temporary release ofuntreated wastewater in the river. This occurrence has been analyzed using the near-field model,and results of simulations show that only a limited degradation of the water quality may beanticipated, with the extension upstream and downstream of the area influenced by a significantincrease in organic pollution.

7.8.3. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

This risk threatens the global objective of the project to improve the quality of the PRD. Indeed, thepresent project supported by the WB is only part of a much larger project which concerns othermajor municipalities of the PRD, and as demonstrated with the far-field water quality modelling, thisriver improvement can only be obtained if those other municipalities manage their wastewaters.

Thus the planning risk is the delay or the cancellation of WVvTP in other PRD urban areas.




7.8.4. THREAT FROM INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

As the WWTP will receive part of industrial wastewater, there is still a risk that the release ofexplosive or hazardous products in the sewers affect the plant operation. However, strictregulations do exist in Guangzhou related to the discharge of industrial effluents into the urbansewers, and the authorities are implementing a strong policy for the enforcement of theseregulations and on the treatment of industrial effluents which should, in the near future, stronglyreduce the risk.

7.8.5. RISK RELATED TO SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

As already mentioned, the present project must ensure that treatment of sludge will beappropriately performed by the Sludge Management Centre. To mitigate against the eventualitythat the BOT arrangement proves infeasible, it is proposed to develop alternative strategies andoptions fro sludge treatment in Guangzhou. In the eventuality that the venture proves feasible, it isrecommended that the Centre prepares an Environmental Management System eligible forinternational certification ISO 14001.


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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1. GENERAL

The EMP for the wastewater and Hazardous waste management centre components of the projecthas been elaborated as a separate report. This chapter of the EA is only a summary of the EMPreport, and presents only the key issues. For details on the EMP, refer to Volume 4: EnvironmentalManagement Plan for WB financed Components.

8.2. OBJECTIVES OF EMP

A key objective of the present Impact Assessment process is to identify the potential impacts onthe environment of the anticipated activities and to develop a set of mitigation measures technicallyappropriate, financially acceptable and practically applicable.

The role of the EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to beconsidered during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmentalimpacts, and the actions deemed necessary to implement these measures. The EMP provides thecrucial link between impacts and alternative mitigation measures evaluated and described in thespecific EA reports and the way these measures must be implemented to achieve their mitigationobjectives.

For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, the estimated cost, theschedule of implementation, the role and responsibilities of Government Agencies, the source offunding and the way to monitor the results.

8.3. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS

From experience, it has been observed that obtaining any specific task from a contractor requiresfirst that the task is specified in the contract documents and then, that a specific payment isallocated to that task. This is the basis for any construction contract which relies on detailedtechnical specifications and their related bills of quantities. To be effective, the environmental andsocial obligations of a contractor must be comprehensively specified and individually payablethrough the contract documents. Both actions work together because the payment system willinfluence the way specifications are displayed and prepared.

To secure an efficient implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures, thesemeasures must be presented in the main contractual documentation which includes 1) TheMemorandum of Contract Negotiation and 2) the Technical Specifications, through a clearreference to the EA and EMP and should be detailed in the Technical Specifications. Thus, thepreparation of detailed environmental and social specifications for the Contractor will be a firstmitigation measure proposed prior to the bidding process, with the objective to have eventually acontractual document which establishes clearly the obligations of the contractor, the quantities ofwork involved and the related cost of measures.

An adapted payment procedure is the most efficient tool to ensure a Contractor fulfils itsenvironmental obligations. The payment procedures should provide the executive agency with themaximum guarantee that money is to be paid only when the work is totally and satisfactorilycompleted. Also, the payment procedure should act as an incentive for the Contractor,exacerbating its willingness to fulfil its environmental and social obligations with the best results. Insuch case, the budget considered for the services should be significantly higher than what shouldbe the expenses to implement the measures.




These issues will be discussed between the Project authorities and the World Bank when preparingthe environmental specifications for the contractor, and the most appropriate and acceptablesolution for the remuneration of Contractor's Environmental and Social Obligations will beconsidered. Several models already do exist and may be applicable here as, for example the Bill ofQuantities based payment, the instauration of an Environmental Performance Bond or thepossibility to complement the basic payment by a Bonus for Environmental high Performance.

8.4. OBLIGATIONS OF CONTRACTORS

The concerned subprojects may provide useful models for the several other projects of similarnature to be developed in the Guangdong Province in the coming years. To achieve this objective,it is proposed to develop detailed environmental and social specifications for the Contractor, whichcan be in the future easily adapted to the specific context of each considered project. Thesespecifications will be organized into 4 sections:* Section A: Environmental Protection Management* Section B: Labor Camps and Occupational Health Management* Section C: Safety Management* Section D: Social Management

Each section should address the 2 following aspects

Sub-Section 1 : description of the Contractor's obligations with regards to those aspectscovered by the section.

Sub-Section 2 : description of performance indicators that will be monitored for further paymentof the services.

Section A will specify the Contractor obligations regarding the preparation of a Construction SiteEnvironmental Management Program (CSEMP) aiming at protecting the work sites and theirsurroundings against potentially adverse impacts. The Contractor's CSEMP will include thefacilities and procedures for the management of camps and construction wastes, the soilconservation measures and proposed rehabilitation works once the construction ends, themeasures aiming at protecting cultural and ecological assets if any, the preventive measuresagainst water pollution and the monitoring program (air, water).

Section B will address the minimum standards to be implemented in the labour camps andfacilities required regarding issues as workers accommodation, food supply and canteen, wastemanagement, water supply, treatment of sewage and sanitary conditions on site.

Section C will address safety issues, and the related Environmental Specifications will cover twodistinct aspects, i) On-site Safety, PPE, and Medical issues, and ii) Off site Safety issues.

On-site Safety, PPE (Personal Protection Equipment), and medical aspects address all themeasures the Contractor needs to implement to ensure a safety standard equivalent tointernational practice, and to provide appropriate medical emergency procedures for the workforce.

Off-site Safety concerns all issues to be dealt with outside construction sites proper. It covers traffichazards resulting from the transport of equipment to or from the construction sites, and focusesmainly on the trunk sewer component which will involve construction activities along about 1 000kmin populated and high traffic density areas. Related to off-site issues, the Public Safety componentdeals with the procedures and specific measures the Contractor will implement before and duringconstruction activities to reduce the risk of injuries or severe inconvenience to the local population.For Off-site issues, the Environmental Specifications will define objectives. The Contractor willdetail in its proposal the plan he intends to implement to achieve these objectives.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT ND 355073 PAGE 154 2003 - NOVEMBER



Section D will define the framework conditions for the Contractor to manage social issues relatedto construction activities. Most of these conditions will focus on how to reduce nuisance toresidents, mainly anticipated from noise, from the temporary road closing and the cut-off ofelectricity, gas, water or telephone services when laying the trunk sewer network.

The contractors will be requested to prepare a Nuisance Control Plan (NCP) which will bediscussed with Project authorities and other Municipal Agencies concerned and with concernedresidents during information and consultation meetings. Issues to be discussed will focus on theprocedures to be applied by the contractor prior to close a road or to cut-off water, gas or any otherservice, and on the general nuisance as access to buildings and shops, noise and air pollution.

8.5. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP

8.5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION BODIES

The GPRDUEP implementation will be managed by a Project Management Office (PMO) under theGuangdong Provincial Government and the Guangzhou Municipal Administrative and GardensBureau. Under this PMO, two Project Implementation Units (PIU) will be created, one for theHazardous Waste component and the other for the Wastewater related components. The PMO willbe assisted by an independent Construction Supervision Engineer (CSE) during the constructionstage of the facilities.

It is proposed to strengthen environmental and social management during the implementation ofthe EMP at both PMO and CSE levels.

To ensure that applicable national, provincial and municipal environmental laws, regulations andstandards, as well as WB environmental and social requirements are respected during Projectpreparation and implementation, an Environmental and Social Division (ESD) will be establishedwithin the PMO. The ESD will have the responsibility to coordinate monitoring activities duringconstruction with the contractors and concerned government agencies, in order to ensure theeffective implementation of the mitigation measures decided in the EMP.

The ESD will be composed of 2 specialists, one Head of the Department (Environmental Specialist)and one Resettlement Coordinator. These two specialists will be assisted by a full time Secretary. Itis assumed that accountancy needs of the ESD will be satisfied on a part time basis by theaccountancy staff of the PMO. To carry out their tasks, the personnel of the ESD will havetransportation facilities, office facilities and access to computer network. Two laptop computers (forfield visit, meeting presentation) and two desktop computers will be made available to the staff ofthe ESD.

At field level, the ESD will rely on the Construction Supervision Engineer, through anEnvironmental and Social Unit (ESU) including a Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser(CSEA) assisted by several Environmental and Social Field Inspectors (ESFI). As the wastewatercomponent will involve a greater dispersal of the construction sites with more significant publicsafety and resettlement issues, it is proposed to appoint 2 ESFI to the wastewater component andone to the HWMC component.

The proposed general organization for Environmental and Social management of the project ispresented in the following Figure 8.1.


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8.5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

The management of the environmental and social monitoring effort will involve opencommunications between the field personnel of the CSE, the ESD, the PMO and senior executivestaff of Guangzhou Municipal Government. An important element of the communication processwill be the organized relay of information concerning situations that do not comply with the projectenvironmental requirements, specifications, goals or objectives. These situations are identified onsite by the CSEA and his ESFI staff, and then reported when appropriate at higher level fordecision.

To help focus senior management attention on the most important issues, non-complianceobservations will be separated into 3 levels on the basis of importance, and communicationsrequirements for the observations will be commensurate with the severity of the non-compliancesituation. The proposed non-compliance detection, reporting and resolution flow-chart is presentedin Figure 8.2.

8.5.3. ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR ORGANIZATION

Activities to be carried out for organization, training and management of environmental and socialissues are presented in the following Table.

TABLE 8.1: SCHEDULE FOR ORGANIZATION ACTMTIES

RESPONSIBILITYSCHEDULE ACTIVITIES COMMENTS

C EXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDING

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Year-1 Creation of the ESD with PMO PMO PMO Appointment of personnel withappointment of its 3 staffs (two office and transport facilities,specialists & 1 secretary) equipment, operating budget

Year -1 Prepare and implement a Technical PMO PMO Part of the global trainingtraining program for ESD Assistance component for the project

(TA)

Year-1 Prepare specifications for Technical PMO/VB PMO Specifications to be included inContractor Environmental and Assistance the bidding documentsSocial Obligations (TA) & ESD

Year -i Finalize the mode of payment PMO with GPG PMO Decide on paymentfor environmental services TA procedures, and level ofprovided by the contractors incentive (Bonus)

Year-1 Prepare Work Program for ESD Technical PMO PMO Includes distribution of rolesand ESU Assistance and responsibilities among

(TA) & ESD ESD and ESU staffs,

Year-i Prepare working Technical PMO PMO Initial format documentation todocumentation: Standard Site Assistance be eventually adjusted andInspection Review Sheet (SRS) (TA) & ESD improved during use on sitesand format for various activityreports

Year -1 Prepare QA/QC for ESD/ESU Technical PMO PMOand detailed procedures for Assistancesupervision and reporting of (TA)non-compliances detected

Year-1 Prepare an Internet site for Technical PMO and PMO Includes also preparation ofto Project Environmental Assistance SEPA information posters to inviteyear +1 Management during (TA) & ESD residents to contact the site for

construction information on the project.





EXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDING

Year -1 Contribute to tender evaluation ESD PMO/VB PMOfor the environmental and assisted bysocial aspects & contract TA.negotiation

Year-1 Construction Supervision Eng. CSE PMO CSE Approval of CV by ESD(CSE) to appoint CSEA

Year -1 CSEA to select and appoint 3 CSEA CSE CSEESFIs

Year -1 CSEA to carry out training of CSEA CSE CSEESFis

Year-1 Organize land compensation ESD social GZ Resettl. ESD to ensure procedures areand Resettlement coordinator Bureau applied and land is freed in

assisted by accordance with work planESFIs

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Months 0- ESU staff to discuss with ESD ESD/ESU PMO Required adjustment of3 for adjustmentfimprovement of procedures for improved

documentation and procedures efficiency

Months 0- Each Civil Work Contractor to Contractor PMO Contractor CVs to be approved by PMO3 appoint one Environmental

responsible for dealing withESU and ESD

Year +1 Each Civil Work Contractor to Contractor ESD/ESU Contractor Meetings to introduce environ.organize environmental Management & issues on sitesawareness meetings and by ESD staff and CSEA.measures for labour force

Year +1 Prepare Public Communication ESD PMO PMO Establish communication rulesCampaign and supporting assisted by & procedures, , radio / TVmaterial TA. spots Preparation of posters

and stickers for on-site and off-site safety rules

Formalize co-ordination with ESD PMO PMO Co-ordination for all EMPother Provincial or Municipal activitiesAgencies and Institutions

OPERATION PERIOD

Define procedures for reporting Operators of EPB-GD Operatorsenvironmental issues during WVNTP oroperation HWMC

Ensure 100% sludge produced Operators of EPB-GD Operators WB will require guarantees onis transported to Sludge WVTP or this issueTreatment Centre (STC) HWMC

HWMC and STC apply for ISO Operators of EPB-GD Operators WB will require guarantees on14001 on Environmental WWTP or this issueManagement System HWMC

8.6. MONITORING PROGRAMS

In order to ensure the strict and efficient implementation of the mitigations measures proposed,including the respect of environmental obligations during the construction stage, a program ofmonitoring activities will be required, which includes mainly 3 types of monitoring, 1) The generalenvironmental and social monitoring of construction sites and activities, 2) The specific monitoringof water quality and water pollution control, 3) The specific monitoring of air quality and pollutioncontrol, and of noise. Monitoring of land acquisition and resettlement is considered separately inthe RAP reports and will not be presented in this Chapter.


g ~~Non -compi ance obse rvation byEnoronmental or Social Field Inspector (ESFI)

ESFI nolifies Construction Contractor and CSEA: if needed requests workstoppage Determines incident Severity level te g Level 1. 11 or 111)

Yes |Construcuion Contractor takes (or has taken) correcuve action consistent with , -------- > ~~~EMP7

|No

Lee ILvl 111

Routine notification of PIU Urgent notification of PIUConstruction Representative Construction Representative

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Corrective action CSEA notifies ESD within 3resolved by construction staff days

and by ESU staffCorrective action

resolved by ESD Manager inConsultation with PMO

Technical Divlsion

ESFI makes follow-up observation Is situation satisfactonly resolved9

As appropnate from incident investigation. ESU team to determine if change inprocesses is needed to prevent future recurrences

:

Is/vwas iris a Level III incident?

No Yes

Documentalton in routine vveekly report Documentation in special weekly report............... to CSEA and PIU Construction Manager to ESD Manager and to

PMO Construction Manager

:

Documentation in routine bimonthly report by CSEA to ESD Managerand by ESD Manager to PMO Manager


COMMUNICATION, REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND FIGURE NO 8.2SOGREAH - PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART



8.6.1. MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

The environmental monitoring of construction activities is at the centre of the effectiveimplementation of the EMP: The objective is to carry out a regular and comprehensive review ofthe actual implementation status of the environmental obligations of the Contractor. This monitoringaims at ensuring compliance of Contractor activities with its contractual commitments as well aswith the environmental regulations and standards prevailing in PRC.

Monitoring is carried out all along the project construction stage by the CSEA, assisted in his taskby 3 Environmental and Social Field Inspectors (ESFI). ESFIs monitor field activities on a dailybasis while CSEA will make a monthly routine visit to each construction site, keeping asideexceptional visits resulting from the observation of a non-compliance.

In accordance with the Environmental Specifications of the Contractor, the ESU will monitor allaspects relevant to the 4 sections of the Environmental Specifications. For each section, aStandard Site Review Sheet (SRS) will be prepared at the early beginning of the project, by theESD and the Technical Assistance. The SRS system will allow on a monthly basis a rapid review ofthe environmental progress on the construction sites, a tool for ranking the quality level observedand a formal way to check if requirements expressed to the Contractor the previous month havebeen given due attention and satisfaction. Based on this review by the ESU, the ESD will give ornot its approval for payments of the concerned components for the given period.

Detailed activities anticipated for this monitoring task are presented in the following table.

TABLE 8.2: ACTIVITIES FOR CONSTRUCTION SITE MONITORING


EXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDINGCONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Year 1 Prepare Construction Site Contractor ESU and Contractor Plan submitted not latter than 1(months 1- Environmental Management ESD month after contract notification2) Program (CSEMP) Final plan before end month 2

Review by CSEA, final approvalby ESD

All Review for approval, boundaries CSEA CSE Contractor required to submitDuration proposed by Contractor for each map prior to implementation

Isite

Year +1 Prepare a Nuisance Control Contractor ESU and Contractor Review by CSEA, final approval(months 1- Plan (NCP) for air pollution, ESD by ESD after consultation with3) noise other concerned Agencies and

groups of residents

All Air and Water monitoring (refer to specific activity tables)Duration

All Ensure activities of Contractor ESFIs CSEA Daily to weekly site visits byDuration comply with specifications and ESFIs

provisions of NCP and CSEMP. Monthly visit of all sites byReview every weeks status of CSEAcamps and facilities, of priorrequests made to contractor, ofimplementation of mitigationmeasures

All Fill Standard Review Sheet for ESFIs and CSE Advisory role of CSE, forDuration monthly evaluation of Contractor CSEA eventual decision of ESD/PMO

Environmental compliance on payment issue.

All Report non-compliance ESFIs CSEA levell1Duration observed according procedures ESD level2

& level of seriousness PMO level3






All Decision to retain or not ESD PMODuration Contractor payment concerned

All Ensure expropriation and land ESD resttl. PMO and Role of ESFIs limited to followDuration acquisition progress satisfies coordinator resettlement effective land availability.

construction schedule bureau ESD/PMO to coordinate withGZRB

All Provide information on road Contractor ESU & ESD Contractor Contractor to submit updatedDuration traffic issues resulting from construction program to ESU &

sewers construction program ESD for review with Traffic DeptFinal approval by ESD

All Up dating of Internet site with ESD ESD PMO ESD updates information on theDuration latest info on traffic disruptions Internet site

All Implementation of necessary Contractor ESU & ContractorDuration road signs to secure traffic near Traffic Dept

construction sites

All Information on temporary cut- Contractor ESD and Contractor Contractor to submit updatedDuration off of services (water, gas) concerned plan to ESD for review with

Stick posters in area of concern Agencies Agenciesat least 3 days in advance

All Up dating of Internet site with ESD ESD PMODuration latest info on cut-off of services

All Weekly and monthly reporting ESFI To CSEA Weekly routine reporting of siteDuration visits; monthly filling of SRS

All Bi-monthly and monthly CSEA To CSE & Routine information and non-Duration reporting ESD compliance detected

All Monthly & Quarterly reporting ESD To PMO Reporting to stick to projectDuration organization requirement

All Monthly & Quarterly reporting PMO To GPG and Reporting to stick to projectDuration WB organization requirement

All Monthly Environmental and ESD Meetings at component levelDuration Social Review of Project with PMO Chief Eng., ESD,

components ESU, Contractor; otheragencies invited as appropriate

End of Rehabilitation of temporary Contractor ESU ContractorConstruct. used areas, evacuation of allperiod construction material and

equipment

End of Replanting of road trees cut for Contractor GZ Municip Contractor Minimum requirement will be 1Construct. sewer construction necessity Parks & tree planted for 1 tree cut.period Gardens Specifications to be provided by

Bureau GZ-M Parks & Gardens Bureau

OPERATION PERIOD

First year Follow up of temporary sites ESD PMO Reporting of non-compliance torehabilitation the first year after PMO for suspension ofcompletion of construction payment

Replicate experience gained ESD, Formalize procedures andfrom the project to other similar EPB-GD, organization; participate toprojects in the PRD region EPB-GZ inter agency workshops for

results and benefitsI_________ presentation




8.6.2. WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Objectives of water quality monitoring are:* To ensure a strict control of pollution from construction activities and to check the efficiency of

water quality protection measures set up by the civil work contractor;* To ensure that construction activities do not alter significantly the river or reservoir or aquifer

water quality;

To satisfy these objectives, two distinct monitoring will be organized, one focusing on constructionsites and on the release of pollutants, the other on the condition of the receiving water bodies.

The first monitoring system is called a Compliance Monitoring, which will compare discharges fromthe construction site activities with existing standards in PRC. Routine monitoring will be performedby the Contractor according to determined sampling sites, procedures and laboratory. Randomcontrol of results will be done by the EPB-GD.

The second monitoring type is called an Effect Monitoring, as it tries to link specific human activitiesto any changes in the environmental characteristics of the receiving water body. This monitoringwill be carried out by the EPB-GD using automatic monitoring stations proposed within theWB/GEF supported Water Quality Monitoring Component.

Main activities are presented in the following table.

TABLE 8.3: ACTIVITIES FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING

RESPONSIBILITY 1SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES __________________________________________1COMMENTS

EXECUTION |SUPERVISION FUNDING


Year -1 Prepare Contractor ESD PMO with PMO Defines number of sites,specifications for water quality assisted by advice from location, parameters tocompliance monitoring, to be TA. EPB-GD analyze, frequency ofincluded in the bidding sampling, procedures fordocumentation sampling, identification of

certified laboratory designatedfor analysis, reportingprocedures of results.

Year -1 Identify exact location for EPB-GD in SEPA GD - Sites must be adjusted inautomatic stations on the river coord. with coordination with the WBto be used for construction ESD proposal of EPB-GD for thestage and long term monitoring development of new automaticof the WVVTP discharges stations in the PRD.

CONSTRUCTION PERIODAll Sampling in selected sites on a Contractor ESD Contractor Weekly report submitted toDuration weekly basis, deliver samples ESD

to laboratory and provideweekly report on results

All Carry out monthly random EPB-GD ESD PMO Results to be reported to ESDDuration sampling to control accuracy of for further action if required

contractor's monitoringAll Prepare formal notice to ESD PMO Follow up for effectiveDuration Contractor if results do not implementation of corrective

comply with standards action by Contractor, ifrequired

All Carry out real time monitoring EPB-GD GPG Operational Results to be reported to P-Duration of receiving water body in budget of ESD for further action if

stations located U/S and D/S of EPB-GD requiredeach WvvWTP discharge






All Monthly report of water quality ESD PMO Report with conclusions to beDuration results submitted to PMO with copy to

EPB-GD

All Quarterly report and Annual ESD PMO Report with conclusions to beDuration Summary on water quality submitted to PMO, GPG and

monitoring WB

Year +1 Monthly results of water quality ESD PMO(months 1- monitoring made available on3) the Internet site of the Project

OPERATION PERIOD

Routine monitoring of main WVvTP MGB GMG WWTP Routine compliance monitoringpollution sources (mainly M t Budgetindustries) CMpanygt

Routine monitoring of treated WWTP GD-EPB WWTP Routine complianceeffluent (daily & weekly) and Managt. budget monitoring, with randomsludge Company control by EPB-GD

Routine monitoring of Pearl EPB-GD GPG OperationalRiver water quality and control budget ofof sludge quality EPB-GD

8.6.3. AIR QUALITY & NOISE MONITORING

Monitoring of air quality and noise will be maintained throughout construction and operation stagesof the project. Purpose of monitoring is to ensure that air pollution, dust and noise standards arerespected on the construction sites and that these nuisances are kept at the minimum acceptablelevel for the surrounding residents.

During the operation phase, the noisiest sources should be monitored four times a year and noisemeasurements should be carried out near the plant or treatment work boundary two times a yearduring the day and the night.

Noise will be monitored by Guangzhou EPB, on a base frequency of once per month. Noise levelswill be monitored over 24 hrs duration inside the construction sites and around, following nationalstandard GB16297 for measurement methods. Monitoring will be operated on a random basis,without informing the contractor. A special attention will be provided to noise levels during nighttime and to noise levels around the Network Extension working sites and machinery, most beinglocated in dense residential areas.

Main activities are presented in the following table.

TABLE 8.4: ACTIVITIES FOR NOISE AND AIR QUALITY MONITORING


A IEXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDING


Year-1 Prepare Contractor ESD PMO with PMO Integrate key parameters fromspecifications for air emissions assisted by advice from standards into biddingand noise compliance TA. EPB-GZ documentation

Year -1 Define site locations for TSP EPB-GZ in SEPA GD Preliminary location to rely onmonitoring measurement in and coord. with sites used for EA surveys.around construction sites ESD

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

All I Dust (TSP) monitoring in Contractor ESD /ESU Contractor Weekly report submitted to






Duration selected sites on a weekly with ESDbasis, and provide weekly GZ-EPBreport on results

All Carry out random EPB-GZ ESD PMO Results to be reported to ESDDuration measurement to control for further action if required

accuracy of contractor'smonitoring

All Prepare formal notice to ESD PMO Follow up for effectiveDuration Contractor if results do not implementation of corrective

comply with standards action by Contractor, if

requiredAll Open telephone line to collect EPB-GZ GMG Operational Request control measurementDuration claims of residents regarding budget of by EPB-GZ if several claims

noise, dust or fumes EPB-GZ from same site

All Monthly report of noise and air ESD PMO Report with conclusions to beDuration pollution monitoring results submitted to PMO and copy to

EPB-GZ

All Quarterly report and Annual ESD PMO Report with conclusions to beDuration Summary of noise and air submitted to PMO, GPG and

pollution monitoring WB

OPERATION PERIOD

Routine monitoring of noise WWTP EPB-GZ W'MTP Routine complianceand odors from WVVTP, Managt. operation monitoring, with randompumping stations and HWMC Company budget control by EPB-GZfacilities

Control monitoring of noise and EPB-GZ GMG Operational Ensure compliance of facilitiesodors from WVWTP, pumping budget of with standardsstations and HWMC facilities EPB-GZ

8.7. CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

It is recommended that a provision is made to allow participation to seminars, workshops or shorttraining courses of some engineers or managers from GRIEP, EPB, PMO, in China or in the Asianregion. This should promote the sharing of experience and the capitalization in the field ofenvironmental management. A provision of RMB 300,000 (US$ 37,500) for the wastewatercomponent may be considered for a 5 years period.

8.8. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP

The implementation of the EMP measures relies on the intervention of several parties resulting invarious fund requirements from different budget lines or sources. Most of the activities involvingroutine measurements, field sampling or testing are to be provided by the contractor, and will beincluded in its cost. These costs will be presented in its proposal in accordance with therequirements and specifications of the bidding documentation.

However, the rather limited budgets involved in environmental activities are probably not sufficientto raise a strong interest from the Contractor point of view. Until environmental protection practicesbecome a fully integrated part of construction contracts, incentives are the most efficient way tospeed up the process. For that reason, it is considered to establish the contractor obligationsbudget to a fixed percentage of the construction costs, say 4%. This amount will be split into 2%direct fees to be paid to the contractor in accordance with the progress of the work, and 2% as anretainer, to be paid in accordance with the actual goodwill demonstrated by the Contractor in theimplementation of environmental and social measures and for efficient and quick correction of non-compliance.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 PAGE 164 2003-NOVEMBER



Operational costs for the ESD could be included in the global Project Management Cost related tothe PMO and the PlUs. Office and field equipment as well as transportation facilities costs shouldalso be included in the same budget. Monitoring activity by ESFI and CSEA staff is part of theConstruction Management and Supervision Cost of the Project. Training requirements involvingforeign consultancy should be included in the Technical Assistance budget for the project.

A provision will also be allocated to ESD for the appointment of domestic or foreign specialists onan ad hoc basis, if circumstances during the construction stage require such high level expertise, tobe also charged to the Technical Assistance budget for the project. The budget estimate isprovided in the following table.

TABLE 8.5: TENTATIVE OPERATION BUDGET FOR EMP

ITEM ANNUAL BUDGET 5 YEAR BUDGET SOURCE OF FUNDS(RMB) (RMB)

INVESTMENTS (Year 1 only)Creation of ESD 200,000 PMCCreation of Internet Site 50,000 TACResearch Studies on water Quality 50,000 TACOPERATION EXPENSES

ESD OperationSalaries 300,000 1,500,000 PMCOffice operation costs 120,000 600,000 PMCTransportation 120,000 600,000 PMCInternet site maintenance 10,000 50,000 PMCTotal ESD Operation 550,000 2,750,000 PMC

Water Quality MonitoringFor WWComponent 100,000 500,000 PMCTotal WQ Monitoring 100,000 500,000 PMC

Air and Noise MonitoringFor WW Component 100,000 500,000 PMCTotal Air Noise Monitoring 100,000 500,000 PMC

Archaeological MonitoringRoutine Follow up for WW 50,000 250,000 PMCProvision for special studies 40,000 200,000 PMCTotal Archaeological Monitoring 90,000 450,000 PMC

TA and Training ActivitiesTA to ESD (Year 1 only) 600,000 600,000 TACTraining of ESD / Agencies 800,000 800,000 TACBudget for technical Expertise 40,000 200,000 TACTotal TA/Training 1,440,000 1,600,000 TAC

ESU BudgetSalaries (except HW ESFI) 440,000 2,200,000 CMSCOffice operation costs 150,000 750,000 CMSCTransportation 150,000 750,000 CMSCTotal ESU Budget 740,000 3,700,000 CMSC

Capacity BuildingProvision 60,000 300,000 TAC

Total Operation Budget for EMP 3,080,000 Year 1 9,800,000Notes: PMC: Project Management Cost; CMSC: Construction Management and Supervision Cost;

TAC: Technical Assistance Cost; WQMB: Water Quality Monitoring Budget (WB and GEF component)




The total budget for the implementation of the EMP is estimated at RMB 300,000 (US$ 37,500) forinvestments and RMB 9.8 millions (US$ 1,225,000) for operation, including RMB 3,7 millions(US$ 500,000) for the operation of the ESU of the Works Supervision Engineer. This budget isslightly overestimated as it includes base costs which cover also the requirements for theimplementation of the EMP for the Hazardous Waste Component. Global cost for EMP is given inthe EMP report (Volume 4).

The budget for the fulfilment of Contractor obligations is estimated as a percentage of theconstruction cost. Tentative weighting of various activities is presented in the table below, as apercentage of the related construction cost. The percentages presented include for half theestimated actual expenses and for half an Environmental Performance Bonus as an incentive forthe Contractor. It is proposed 4% of Contracts values for WWTP as the network component willrequired efforts for public safety and social management, and 2.5% for the Hazardous Wastecomponent, developed in rural area with much less environmental constraints.

TABLE 8.6: DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET PERCENTAGES FOR CONTRACTOR'S OBLIGATIONS

CONTRACTOR OBLIGATIONS WW COMPONENT SOURCE OF FUNDS(AS % OF CCV)

Environmental Protection Management 0.5 CCvLabor Camps & Occupational Health 0.5 CCVPublic Safety Management 1.6 CCvSocial Management 1.4 CCV

Notes: CCV: Construction Contract Value

During the operation of the facilities, environmental monitoring will be carried out by the operators.EPBs will be in charge of supervising and controlling the validity of the monitoring data provided bythe Operator. Random sampling and controls upon request (claims by residents for example)regarding quality of treated effluents, of sludge, air and noise will be carried out by the EPBs.

It is considered that this monitoring control budget is supported by the project the first 3 years ofoperation and could then be integrated into EPBs annual budgets. The annual cost for controlmonitoring is estimated at RMB 80,000 (US$ 10,000) for the Wastewater components.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORTN 355073 PAGE 166 2003-NOVEMBER



9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

9.1. OBJECTIVE & METHOD

Consultation with the public has been carried out at various levels during the project preparation.This included a social survey and public consultation process.

9.1.1. SOCIAL SURVEY

A socio-economic situation survey of the project target area was carried out by the China CrossCultural Consulting Center of Sun-Yat Sen University, appointed by SOGREAH. This surveyfocused on three major components, water supply, wastewater and solid waste. The focus group ofthe survey was composed of the main beneficiaries of the project, including individual households,industrial and commercial companies.

The survey covers the area of Guangzhou and Foshan, which includes the area concerned by thefirst stage of the GPRDUEP, and was carried out from November 15 to December 15, 2002 byZhongshan University. 1,500 questionnaires have been delivered to households, 1,321 (88.07%) ofwhich being answered and considered as valid for the survey.

9.1.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

During the feasibility study stage, contacts and discussions were established between the projectand Provincial and Municipal Government, experts, and resident groups potentially affected by landacquisition or nuisance, for their suggestions, proposals and opinions on the issues of construction,compensation and resettlement.

During impact assessment and socio-economic survey, affected groups representatives andindividuals were invited to participate in the survey process, by discussing with survey team,confirming the survey results, and providing ideas and suggestions on compensation policies andrehabilitation approaches.

9.2. RESULTS

9.2.1. SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY

Results from survey are provided in a specific report. However, some of the main conclusions maybe briefly introduced below:* In general, living standard and income in Guangzhou are higher than national average.

Residents show higher income than migrants. There is only a low percentage of population stillliving below the poverty level. These people are mainly inmigrants, jobless and isolated agedpersons.No major income gap has been identified between majority and minority in Guangzhou.

* Household water consumption much higher than observed nation wide. Hot climate, developedbody hygien and house cleaning are some of the main reasons for high water consumption, butas well as a root cause which may be the low water price resulting from the abundant waterresource in Guangzhou and Foshan.

* Interviewees are quite satisfied with current domestic solid waste management situation. Thesystem has been implemented in Guangzhou for quite a long time, providing the population witha relatively good waste free environment. However, situation is less satisfactory in the poorerinmigrant neibourhoods.




Epidemic disease burst out are exceptional in Guangzhou, as a result of a well educatedpopulation with good personal behaviour tradition regarding hygiene. However, epidemicdiseases are much more frequent among the inmigrant population, characterized by lowerincomes and lower sanitation standards.

The GPRDUEP is considered by all the interviewees as an important and necessary project whichwill improve the quality of life of the whole urban community.

9.2.2. FIRST PUBLIC CONSULTATION

GRIEP carried out the public consultation for the project components. Liede WVVTP (third phase)public consultation was carried out during October 2002. Key targets of this public consultationwere residents living adjacent to the selected project site (residents of dormitories of the SafetyAgency and Institute of Information Technology Application, residents of Nanguo Garden), StreetCommittee of Liede, residents near the pumping stations, and Liede Primary school. Publicconsultation for Dashadi was conducted from August to September, 2003. Targets were basicallythe Wenchong Street Committee, and nearby industries including Wenchong Shipyard. Publicconsultation for Network components was conducted from September 22nd to October 12th, 2003.Key targets of this public consultation were residents living adjacent to the network constructionaffected areas.

Approaches adopted included field visits, meetings and release of consultation sheets. Variousgroups of people were involved ranging from enterprises, village dwellers, environmental experts togovernmental departments. Meetings were also organized by the concerned Street Committees forcollecting views of residents on the project.

Following tables lists the main views and suggestions from the consulted groups.

TABLE 9.1: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR WWTP SITES

GROUPS CONSULTED MAIN VIEWS AND SUGGESTIONS

LIEDE WWTP SITE

1) Most residents supported the construction of Liede 3. They do notconsider Liedel operation had a significant impact on their life. Odor doesnot seem a problem. They welcome the idea of constructing Liede 3 sincethey believed that pollution of Liede Creek is a much more serious problem

Residents of Liede Village that needed to be addressed.

2) Few villagers, mainly residents near the plant site, opposed. They areworried about the odor nuisance which would be brought up by the operationof the plant.

1) They welcome the idea of constructing Liede 3. They wish that the projectLiede Street Committee be put into operation as soon as possible to alleviate the local waterand Congress pollution.Representatives of LiedeVillage 2) They suggest advanced technologies to be adopted to avoid adverse

impact on the nearby areas (mainly odors).

The 500 residents of dormitories of the Safety Agency and the Institute ofInformation Technology Application are the closest residents to the plant.

Residents of dormitories of They support the construction of Liede 3 because they don't consider thatthe Safety Agency and Liede 1 brought odor nuisance to them.Institute of Information Meanwhile they wished that advanced technologies should be adopted toTechnology Application avoid or reduce adverse impact.

The primary school is located some 300 meters to the west of the plant. TheyLiede Primary School welcomed the idea of constructing Liede 3 because they didn't think that

Liede PrimaSchool Liede 1 brought adverse impact on them. They hoped that water quality ofGuangzhou Section would be improved when the plant is constructed.




GROUPS CONSULTED MAIN VIEWS AND SUGGESTIONS

Residents were mainly concerned with noise and odour nuisance that wouldResidents near the be brought up by the pumping stations. A certain sanitation protection

pumping stations distance should be set. They hoped that the construction contractor shouldpumping stations follow related regulations to make sure pollutants emission could meet theirstandards.

DASHADI WWTP SITE

1. Part of the pipes along Gangqian Road cross the warehouses and docksarea of the company; it is requested that these pipes follow Haiyuan Road

Huangpu warehouses and instead of Gangqian Road.docks of Sinotrans Co. Ltd. 2. There is only 70 meters between the WWTP site and the eastern part ofGuangdong the company workers residential area. This distance is very short regarding

the sanitation protection distance. The Company requests this problem besolved.

The Company is reluctant to locate the WVVTP next to its facilities,considering that i) it may affect its activities with detrimental impacts on

Guangzhou Wenchong export, ii) the location area if used for the WWTP will not comply with theShipyard development planning objectives of Huangpu District and iii) the plant would

have adverse impact on the nearby residential areas

The present land use of the Wv'TP site includes factories, parking areas,docks and gardens. The area provides most of the total village revenue.Construction of the WWTP on the selected site would affect the villageincome.

It was claimed that compensation should be higher to cover for economiclosses. Meanwhile, it is required that a land for the factory reconstruction (tothe west of the plant site) be set aside. The factory will be removed when the

Wenchong Street new factory is built.Committee (3) new employment opportunities should be created for people from our

community.

(4) Funding should be allocated to help the street committee complete therenovation of the sewage networks. Wastewater tariff should be waived forthe street committee once the WvvTP is constructed.

(5) covers should be installed for the odor generated tanks and houses toavoid odor annoyance on the nearby residents.

1. The outlet of the WW'TP is very close to the intake of the GuangzhouPetrochemical corporation. When there is a flood tide, the outflow from theplant will go into the company's water intake. Water quality of the outflow ofthe WWTP usually cannot meet Class III standard of industrial water usage.Therefore the outflow would have adverse impact on the company's dailyoperation. Severe impact is expected especially during the dry season, which

Guangzhou Petrochemical often last 4-6 months.Corporation 2. As it is shown in the layout map of the plant, two DN800 water distribution

pipes of Guangzhou Petrochemical Corporation are within the site of theWvvTP.

3. The company required that the outlet of Dashadi WWTP be relocated atleast 1000 meters away from the company's water intake, or the WvTP itselfbe relocated.




TABLE 9.2: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR LIJIAO NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT

STREET VILLAGES WITHIN POPULATION SEWERS WITHIN MAIN VIEWS COLLECTEDCOMMITTEE JURISDICTION AREA

Dongfeng Shangyong Village;Residents: 4,100 Sewers along Residents support project; properStreet Datang Village Immigrants: 40,000Shang Creek, compensation for resettlementCommittee Datang Creek should be granted according to

and Dong Creek national regulations.

Longtan Street Longtan village Residents: 4,000 Sewers along Residents support the project;Committee Immigrants: 10,000Longtan Creek proper compensation for

resettlement should be grantedaccording to national regulations.

Lijiao Street Lijiao village Residents: 4,790 Sewers along Residents support the project;Committee Immigrants: 20,000 Houjiao Creek, major concern is demolition of

Luoga Creek and their factories and small shops;Lijiao Dadao they want to know whether theRoad compensation would be paid

based on area of factories andshops.

Shixi Street Shixi village Residents: 8,000 Sewers along Residents support the project;committee Immigrants: 50,00OShixi Creek, main concern is demolition of

Xinye Road & a their factories; they require otherplanned road land provided for their factories.

Ruibao street Ruibao village Residents: 3,000 Sewers along Residents support the project; butcommittee Immigrants: Ruibao Creek, expect resettlement

100,000 Shipai Creek & a compensation two times higherplanned road than what District Government

offers.

Fenghe street Kangle village; Residents: 10,000 Sewers along Residents support the project;committee Lujiang village Immigrants: Nantai Road, proper compensation for

100,000 Kangle Xi Road resettlement should be grantedand two planned according to national regulations.roads

TABLE 9.3: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR XILANG NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT

STREET SEWERS WITHIN MAIN VIEWS COLLECTEDCOMMITTEE THE REGION

Longfeng Sewers along 1) Proper compensation for resettlement should be granted accordingStreet Ma Creek, to national regulations.Committee Gexin Road and

Jinsha Road 2) Accelerate the construction progress to improve regionalenvironmental quality

Demolition and construction spoils to be removed quickly

Dongsha Sewers to the No resettlement problem, Residents support the projectStreet north ofCommittee Nanhuan

Highway

Shiweitang Sewers along Residents support the project;Street Saiba Creek and Project is already undergoing, and during excavation works, cracksCommittee two planned appeared on some resident houses. This issue must be addressed and

roads public information on the project should be improved. Resettlement andcompensation issues for old houses should be addressed correctly.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 PAGE 170 2003- NOVEMEER



TABLE 9.4: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR LIEDE 1-2 NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT


Liede Street No new Sewers Residents support the project; they expect that water quality of LiedeCommittee Creek will improve quickly.

Wushan Sewers along Residents support the project;Street Dongguan Street Committee expects to launch a road renovation project for

Wushan road. Dongguan Zhuang Road in a short period. Therefore they expect thatconstruction of sewer network can be done at the same time.

It is suggested that sewer network extend to Tianyi Xincun and northernpart of Dongguan Zhuang Road to collect wastewater from that area.

TABLE 9.5: RESULTS FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR DATANSHA NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT


Shijing Sewers along Coordination for private residential houses resettlement would beStreet Xicuo Road, difficult to handle.Committee eastern part of Try to avoid network construction in Zhang Village and Qingfeng Village

Front Channel,Jichang Roadand HuananRoad.

Xinjing Sewers along Construction schedule should be strictly under control;Street Xinshi Creek Proper compensation for resettlement should be granted according toCommittee national regulations.

Construction should start quickly to address water pollution of creeks.Tangjing Sewers along Green areas should be promoted along Xinshi Creek;Street Xinshi Creek Forestation should be densified along the railwayCommittee

Jingtai Street Sewers along Construction contractors should ensure their works follow relatedCommittee Jingtai Creek regulations;

Interception project is welcomed, but the design of gas outlet of thecreek should be carefully addressed.

Shahe Street Resettlement & compensation issues must be carefully handled;Committee Sewers to be laid before the planned road is constructed.Qiaozhong Wastewater from Datansha Island has not been intercepted yet; it isStreet expected that an interception project would be implemented soon toCommittee address this problem.

Possibility of combing flood control project with sewage project

9.2.3. SECOND PUBLIC CONSULTATION

In accordance with the WB safeguards, a second Public Consultation process has been carried outby GRIEP after the release of the Draft EA. Results from this second consultation which arecurrently being compiled will be incorporated into the final EA document.

Based on the first public consultation, a second public consultation was conducted in November,2003. Areas within consideration were spots adjacent to Liede III WWTP and Dashadi WWTP, aswell as areas that the wastewater network extension project goes through. Parties that have beenconsulted in the first consultation expressed no new concerns and they were more concerned withwhether their suggestions had been taken into consideration. Therefore, in this second publicconsultation, we focused more on the residents instead of companies or corporations. And a fewkey entities were consulted in addition.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORTN' 355073 PAGE 171 2003-NOVEMBER



9.2.4. RESULTS OF RESIDENTS CONSULTATION

A total 120 consultation tables were given out and 95 valid ones were reclaimed. When askedabout the exact location of the plant, only 62.3% consulted gave a positive answer, which was arelatively low ratio.

100% consulted people thought the wastewater treatment project would have positive impact ontheir daily life, new job opportunity and work. It was believed that treatment of wastewater wouldchange the environment people were living and it would be good for economic development andjob opportunities.

When asked about the appropriateness of the plant location, altogether 98 people answered thisquestion. 90% of those who live at least 400 meters away from the site said that the site wasrationally located. But few people live within 400 meters to the site believed that the plant locationwas rational.

As it is shown by the consultation results, 100% agreement was recorded on the construction ofwastewater treatment project. But people who live near the site thought the plant could be locatedat other places.

The public was aware that construction of wastewater treatment plants and associated networkextension project was an environmental project which would improve the current waterenvironment of Guangzhou. Therefore they gave positive responses to the project. However, therewas some concern over adverse impacts on the adjacent communities. The public hoped thatthese impacts would be addressed.

9.2.5. KEY ENTITIES CONSULTED

9.2.5.1. DASHADI WWTP COMPONENT

Concerns collected at Huangpu District Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) and EnvironmentalProtection Sector of Guangzhou Petrol-Chemical Corporation are summarized as follows:

(1) Huangpu District Environmental Protection Bureau

The director of Planning and Construction section of Huangpu EPB, commented that dwellers ofHuangpu District are concerned with the construction of Dashadi WWTP, especially odourannoyance during operational stage of the WVvTP. Concerns he mentioned included:

1 ) Are technologies and processes adopted by the plant advanced?

2) Is there any odour prevention measures designed when the plant is put into operation? Arethese measures good enough to deal with odour pollutants generated?

3) Since Huangpu District shapes like a narrow belt, the plant would have some adverseimpacts on residents living on the north bank of the Pearl River. Is it possible to locate the plant atDahaosha Island?

4) Space for current plant site is limited, is there any measure to address future expansion ofthe plant?

5) Wastewater treatment project is an environmental protection project. Therefore, secondarypollution should be prevented.




(2) Environmental Protection Sector of Guangzhou Petrol-Chemical Corporation

People from Environmental Protection Sector of Guangzhou Petrol-Chemical Corporation told theGRIEP that Guangzhou Petrol-Chemical Corporation has a major water intake located 200 metersupstream of the designed outlet of Dashadi WWTP with an annual flow of 26,280,000 tons.Concerns they mentioned included:

1 ) It is suggested that outlet of Dashadi WWTP be relocated at Guangzhou Ethane Plant, thatis, near the Huangpu Power Plant or the outlet be relocated downstream to the outlet of WenchongShipyard.

2) When outlet of the Wen Creek is altered straight away, its outlet will be just close to theintake. And this will have more adverse impact on the water.

3) Outlet location should be in accordance with national standards and should have a certaindistance away from an intake.

9.2.5.2. LIEDE III COMPONENT

During the second public consultation, street committees and residents near the plant told theGRIEP that although the plant was located near the community, water in nearby creeks andvillages had not been treated. They hoped that wastewater within their communities could betreated as soon as possible.

9.2.5.3. WASTEWATER NETWORK EXTENSION COMPONENT

Residents near the network layout areas hoped that water in creeks could be treated as soon aspossible and greenery areas could be set by the sides of the creeks. Other concerns were almostthe same as the first consultation.

9.3. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE

The documentation on the project, including Feasibility studies, specific EA reports, Overall EA andRAP reports will be made available for public access and information in a desk located in the WorldBank Project Office in Guangzhou. Additionally, the summary report will be made available in bothChinese in English versions on both national and internationally accessible web-sites.




TABLE 9.6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER COMPONENT

SUBSTANCE BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE WORLD BANKREQUIREMENTS

Interview during field China Cross Cultural Project November 15'n to Foshan and OD 4.30 and OPsocial economic survey Consulting Center of Beneficiaries December l5e Guangzhou 4.01and follow-up field Sun-Yat Sen (Domestic and 2002 (Districts:surveys University and Industrial Users) July 3dh to Liwan,

SOGREAH August 5" 2003 Huangpu,Consultants Haizhu, Baiyun

and Tianhe)RAP outline GREO GDEPB, GZEPB, December 2002 Guangzhouconsultation GZMGB, to August 2003

GZWSC,GZWRB,SEPA,GDPMOSOGREAH,Word Bank

Draft EA TOR GRIEP GDEPB, GZEPB, October to Guangzhou OP4.0:consultation GZMGB, December 2002 consultation

GZWSC, during TOR stageGZWRB, (their work doneSEPA, before OPGDPMO requirement)SOGREAH,World Bank

EA TOR consultation GRIEP GDEPB, GZEPB, January 2003 Guangzhou OP4.01:GZMGB, consultationGZWSC, during TOR stageGZWRB, (their work doneSEPA, before OPGDPMO requirement)

Distribution of GRIEP Areas potentially October 2003 Areas affectedquestionnaires and key affected by the by project inEA and RAP messages project and Guangzhouin bullet point format in beneficiariesfirst public meetingsRAP Surveys Sino-French PAPs within the October to Areas affected

Research Institute of project area December 2003 by project inZhongshan GuangzhouUniversity

Distribution of project GRIEP Areas potentially November 2003 Areas affected OP4.01:information and draft affected by the by project in Consultation priorEA and RAP in second project and Guangzhou to finalization ofpublic meetings beneficiaries draft reportFinal EA GRIEP in association January 2004

with SOGREAHFinal RAP GREO January 2004

DOCUMENT DATE OF DISCLOSURE LOCATION WORLD BANKREQUIREMENT

Copies of EA TOR and RAP October 2002 to January OP 4.01; OD4.30;outline 2003 BP 17.50Questionnaires and key EA October & Novemberand RAP messages 2003Draft EA reports September 2003Draft RAP reports November 2003Final EA and RAP reports December 2003/January On Web-Site (World Bank

2004 and GRIEP)Notice for availability of EA and January 2004 Local NewspapersRAP reports on Web SiteResettlement information January 2004 Office of the resettlementbooklet implementing organisation

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 PAGE 174 2003 - NOVEMBER



10. FINDINGS & CONCLUSION

10.1. IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT

GPRDUEP components loaned by the World Bank will strengthen city environmental protection,protect PRD system and water resources and water quality (especially in urban region ofGuangzhou), reduce environment pollution resulted from wastewater discharge, protect surfacewater and underground water, improve people's quality of life and public heath.

Improvement of urban environmental quality boosts also city economic development though abetter attractiveness for investors and middle class residents, a raise in land and building valuealong rehabilitated river sides and creeks. Reduction of pollution load to the river results alsofurther downstream in water quality improvement with beneficial impacts on aquatic biodiversity,fisheries and protection of water resources.

10.2. MAJOR ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MEASURES

The three main branches of the Pearl River Delta and many of its tributaries draining the urbanarea are heavily polluted. In the Pearl River urban zones, almost 60% of the river reachesconcerned were ranked Quality Class 4, 5 and above. Dissolved Oxygen in the Liede reach of theriver is below 0.5 mg/I and hardly reaches 1.5 mg/l in rainy season. As a result, sources of cleandrinking water are progressively threatened by pollution, aquatic life has almost vanished andquality of life of residents along creeks and river branches has been seriously degraded because ofthe persistent smells and unpleasant view.

Site anticipated for Liede3 is appropriate. Land was secured when the first phase of the WWTPwas implemented, and its development today does not result in new land acquisition orresettlement. Site for Dashadi 1 WWTP was planned for this purpose several years ago. Sincethen, development of warehouses, shops and residential buildings occurred, as well as theconstruction of a road and of a high voltage 22kV lines which criss-cross the site. The developmentof this site will involve land acquisition, demolition and eventually constraints to design andconstruction because of the HV lines.

A preliminary design of the extension and rehabilitation of the sewer networks in 6 areas, based onplanning maps of the Planning Municipal Bureau led to the evaluation of a significant demolition ofbuildings and resettlement. However, most of this resettlement impact results from planned newroad construction program, and not directly from sewer extension project. It is doubtful to considerthat this preliminary design may be maintained in the future, as there is probably seriousincompatibility of construction schedule between the present project, expected to be rapidlyimplemented and the new roads development which addresses a much longer implementation. Thedetailed design for the network will have to identify these incompatibilities of schedule and re-routethe network along existing roads accordingly. Detailed design will also optimize the route in order tominimize building demolition and resettlement.

During operation, Liede3 and Dashadi 1 will provide an additional treatment capacity of 400,000 m3

per day, resulting in a total annual river pollution abatement of about 15,000 t BOD5, 30,600tCODcr, 19,000 t Suspended Solids, 1,700 t NH3-N and 510 t PO43 P.




According to the far-field modelling of the Guangzhou branches of the PRD, the WB supportedcomponent of the GPRDUEP will improve dramatically the overall water quality of theGuangzhou Section of the PRD. For the so-called "Front Section" of the river system bothaverage DO and BOD values are generally sufficient to attain the Class IlIl (or in the case of BODthe Class II) standards from present Class IV or V. By 2010, DO is expected to reach 5.5 to over6 mg/I with project, compared to 1.5 mg/I without project. Ammonia values are neverthelessstill in general in Class IV or even less than Class V in some sections. It can also be noted thatthere remains a marked section of poor water quality downstream of the junction of this riversystem with the Dongjiang section.

For the "Back Section", the improvement, while marked, does not generally enable water qualityobjectives to be attained. While there are marked improvements upstream of the Huangshamonitoring point (where water quality broadly attains the Class IlIl standard, apart from ammonia),the water quality in the sections between Huangsha and Huangpuyou remains largely in the rangeClass IV-V. Close to Donglang there remains a marked oxygen deficit which would appear to bedue to pollutant flows from the Beijiang Section (principally Foshan). This confirms the importanceof an Inter-Municipal approach in the implementation of the whole GPRDUEP to achieve eventuallythe quality improvement of the PRD and of its estuary.

Another important aspect is the probable time inertia to expect between the reduction of pollutionload by the project and the measurable effects on the DO of the concerned river branches andcreeks. This will be the consequence of large accumulation of anoxic sediments at the bottom ofthe streams, presently supporting anaerobic digestion, but which will capture in the future most ofthe DO made available by the reduction of the effluent pollution load. It will take time before thesuperficial layer is oxidized and the oxygen demand from sediment decreases.

Near-field model used to analyse impacts at outfall level concludes that limited impacts regardingthe extend and magnitude of pollutant concentration increase nearby the WWTP outfalls may beexpected under normal operation. The situation is more critical in case of accidental discharge ofuntreated effluent. There are currently two disused (or partially used) industrial water intakes in themixing zone of these two WWTP; no water intake for domestic purpose is affected negatively bythe project.

The project is not anticipated to involve detrimental impacts on the terrestrial and aquaticecosystems. Sites dedicated to the facilities are already urbanized. Any road tree felled because ofthe sewer laying works will be replanted at the end of the works, under the supervision of theGuangzhou Municipal Garden Bureau. Regarding the aquatic ecosystem, the eventualimprovement of the river and creeks water quality will regenerate a virtually dead ecosystem.

The proposed and existing wastewater treatment plants, will generate significant quantities ofsewage sludge. It is understood that the sludge from the major parts of the catchment served bythe system are unlikely to be toxic. This however should be confirmed as part of further detailedmeasurements. To treat this sludge, Guangzhou Municipality has entered into a BOT arrangementwith a private company; the feasibility of this venture remains to be proven from a technical,environmental and financial viewpoint. It is recommended that GMG develop an overall sludgemanagement strategy to identify possible options which should form part of the EMP of the project.

The project is not anticipated to affect any known cultural spot, and definitely not at WVvTP sites.As it happened in the past in Guangzhou, excavations in the city for the sewer network may revealsome buried remains of historical value. Procedures will be set-up for construction, and EMPalready includes a specific budget for routine monitoring and for exceptional researches by theGuangzhou Municipal Cultural Bureau.

The social impacts of the project are large, including land acquisition (permanent land acquisition of108 hectares of land; temporary use of 217ha). In total, the project will affect about 11,260households and 44,648 persons. Of these totals 50.33 ha of permanent land acquisition and 1337households (5381 project affected persons) have been directly ascribed to this project; theremainder is associated with road and creek renovation projects.

To mitigate these impacts two actions will be undertaken:




* further reduction of resettlement impacts by adaptation of the proposed composed, notably thenetwork subcomponents, as part of the detailed design;

* a specific Resettlement Action Plan has been developed for the component.

A major part of these impacts are due to

At the time of the construction, and particularly for the network component, many construction siteswill be implemented over the city in densely inhabited areas. Several nuisances and risks for thepublic safety may result if appropriate measures are not strictly enforced. For this purpose, theEnvironmental Management Plan develops several measures including:* The preparation of environmental specifications for the Contractors, to be included into the

bidding documents* The obligation for the Contractor to devote 4% of the construction costs for environmental and

social management, both on sites and off-sites. It is anticipated that actual cost of measures willnot exceed 2% of the construction costs, and that an additionnal 2% as a retainer is consideredas an incentive for the Contractors.

* The set up of a special organization attached to the Project Management Office and called theEnvironmental and Social Department (the ESD) in charge of supervising environmental issuesduring construction, coordinating with Government Agencies and with another special structure(Environmental and Social Unit, ESU) attached to the Work Supervision Engineer.

* The implementation of clear procedures for routine monitoring, reporting and adressing non-compliances detected on the construction sites.

* The implementation of procedures for public information, to deal with nuisances as road trafficdisturbance, water, electricity or gas temporary cut-off, temporary noise, and including amongclassical information measures the creation of an Internet site dedicated to the Project.

For the Wastewater Components, and aside from the budget dedicated by the Contractors to fulfiltheir obligations, a total budget for 5 years construction environmental monitoring and managementof RMB 9.8 millions (US$ 1,225,000) is proposed.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 PAGE 177 2003-NOVEMBER

II



APPENDIX 1LIST OF EA PREPARERS

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 2003- NOVEMBER



This Overall Environmental Assessment for the Project Wastewater Components has beenprepared by the Guangzhou Research Institute for Environmental Protection (GRIEP) with theassistance of SOGREAH Consultants.

The following persons participated to its preparation:

From the GRIEP:

* Xu Guanpu - Senior Engineer* Zhang Jinhong - Engineer* He Wanliang - Senior Engineer* Peng Lin - Engineer* Huang Xiaoshan

From SOGREAH Consultants

* Dr. Gary Moys, Project Director* Dr. Bernard Yon, Environmental Expert* Liu Wen, Research Assistant.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 2003- NOVEMBER



APPENDIX 2REFERENCES




No TITLE AUTHOR DATE

1 Pearl River Delta Regional Environmental Mott MacDonald April 2000Management Project

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4 Proposal for Sewage Treatment System in Guangzhou Municipal February 2002Guangzhou City (original in Chinese) Engineering Design and

Research Institute

5 Assessment of Alternative Wastewater Y.X. Tao and P. Hills 1999Treatment Approaches in Guangzhou, China inWat.L Sci. Tech Vol 39 No. 5, pp227-234

6 China - Guangzhou Pearl River Delta Urban The World Bank August 2001Environment Project, Aide Memoire No. 3, Final

7 China - Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban The World Bank April 2002Environment Project, Aide Memoire No. 2, Draft

8 China - Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban The World Bank August 2002Environment Project, Aide Memoire No. 3, Final

9 Proposal for Sewage Treatment System of Guangzhou Municipal August 2002Guangzhou financed by the World Bank (In Engineering Design andChinese) Research Institute

10 Guangzhou City Centre Transport Projects, Guangzhou Municipal July 1995Inner Ring Road Project Feasibility Study Administration Bureau;Report Guangzhou Municipal

Engineering Design andResearch Institute

11 Environmental Assessment Report of Guangzhou Environmental June 1996Guangzhou Inner Ring Road Project (In Scientific Research InstituteChinese)

12 The Tenth Five Year Environmental ProtectionPlan of Guangzhou City ( In Chinese)

13 Guangzhou City Centre Inner Ring Road Project Guangzhou Environmental September 1997Environmental Assessment, Summary Report Scientific Research Institute

14 Transportation Plan of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Construction June 1995Scheme of Improving the Transportation of the Committee, GuangzhouCentral Urban Area (In Chinese) Municipal Planning Bureau

15 Guangzhou City Centre Transport Projects, Guangzhou Road Expansion June 1997Resettlement Policy for Inner Ring Road Project and Engineering Office

16 Guangzhou City Centre Transport Projects, Guangzhou Road Expansion June 1997Resettlement Action Plan for Inner Ring Road and Engineering OfficeProject





17 Guangzhou Urban Transport Study, Final MVA ASIA LIMITED in March 1995Report associated with URCC,

Guangzhou

18 Pearl River Estuary Pollution Project, Summary Hong Kong University of December 2001Report Science and Technology

19 2000 Statistics Data of Shunde Planning & Census Bureau of 2000Shunde

20 Feasibility Study of a Wastewater Treatment Guangzhou Municipal N/APlant in Panyu (In Chinese) Engineering Design and

Research Institute

21 2001-2006 Cleaning and Protection Plan of Foshan Environmental November 2001Water-body in Foshan (In Chinese) Protection Bureau

22 Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Project, Chreod Ltd. September 2002Strategic Options Report

23 The Tenth Fiver Year Plan of Economics and Approved by the forth Meeting March 2001Social Development of Shunde (In Chinese) of the twelfth People

Delegation Conference ofShunde

24 Study of Sustainable Development of Geological and Environmental April 2002Infrastructure in Urban Area of Shunde (In Technology Application andChinese) Research Centre of

Zhongshan University

25 Study of Environmental Protection and Geological and Environmental April 2002Sustainable Development in Urban Area of Technology Application andShunde (In Chinese) Research Centre of

Zhongshan University

26 Combination of Strategic Plans of Guangdong Provincial Sept. 2002Environmental Protection in Guangdong Environmental ProtectionProvince (In Chinese) Bureau

27 Guangdong Province City and Town System Guangdong Province May 2002Plan - Outline of Major Report 2001-2020 (In Construction CommissionChinese)

28 China - Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban The World Bank October 2002Environment Project, Aide Memoire No. 4, Draft

29 Proposal for New Liede Sewage System of Guangzhou Municipal Nov. 2002Guangzhou (Part A) (In Chinese) Engineering Design &

Research Institute

30 Proposal for New Dashadi Sewage System of Guangzhou Municipal Nov. 2002Guangzhou (Part A) (In Chinese) Engineering Design &

Research Institute

31 Proposal for Completing Four Sewage Guangzhou Municipal Nov. 2002Collection Systems in Guangzhou City (Part A) Engineering Design &(In Chinese) Research Institute

32 The city planning of Zengcheng Guangdong (In Zengcheng Municipal Planning 1994Chinese) Bureau & Zengcheng People's

Government

33 Investment Estimation of Taiping WvVTP at N/A N/AConghua (In Chinese)





34 Proposal for WWTP Project in Conghua (In N/A N/AChinese)

35 Proposal for WVNTP Extension in Conghua (In N/A N/AChinese)

36 Investment Estimation of Hot Spring WVvTP in N/A N/AConghua (In Chinese)

37 Master Plan for Urban Development of Conghua Guangzhou Urban Planning 1998(In Chinese) and Survey Research Institute

38 The Comprehensive Plan of Taiping Guangzhou Urban Planning Nov. 2000Town.Guangzhou (In Chinese) and Survey Research Institute

39 The 10 th 5 Year Plan for Economics and Social Conghua Municipal May 2001Development of Conghua and Strategic plan Governmentafter 2010 (In Chinese)

40 Environmental Protection Plan in Conghua Conghua Municipal Oct.1996(1997 - 2010) Government

41 Map for Water Discharge Network in Zengcheng N/A N/A(In Chinese)

42 Sustainable Development Study of Zengcheng Geology and Environmental Nov.2001Urban Area (in Chinese) Techn. Appl. Center,

Zhongshan Univ.

43 Environment Assessment of West Bank WWTP Guangzhou Environ. Prot. And June 2000of Zengcheng (In Chinese) Res. Ins.

44 Measuring Economic Benefits for Water R.A. Young, World Bank Tech. Sept 1996Investments and Policies Paper No. 338

45 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(UDC628.39:628.54/GB 8978-88)

46 Chinese Drinking Water Standards GB5749 1985

47 Clear Water Blue Skies World Bank Sept 1997

48 The State of the Environment in China 1998 SEPA (on UNDP Web site)

49 Environment Assessment Source Book The World Bank 1991

50 Solid Waste Management Sector Assessment - CPG Consultants November 2002Inception Report

51 The Pearl River Delta Megalopolis: CHREOD November 2002Development Trends and Key Priorities.Summary Final Report

52 Development of a regional transport Becky P.Y.Loo (1999)43 -63infrastructure: Some lessons from the ZhujiangDelta, Guangdong, China

53 Guide Price of synthetical cost for construction Construction Committee of GZ August, 2001engineering of year 2001 in GZ (Proposal)

54 Additional synthetical Quota of main project in Construction Committee of GZ June, 2002GZ




N° TITLE AUTHOR DATE

55 Price rules and List of tendering & bidding Construction Committee of GZ August, 2001engineering quantity for construction of year2001 in GZ (Proposal)

56 Technical & Economical index for construction Administrative Station of July 2001engineering in GZ construction engineering

pricing of Guangzhou

57 GuangDong / Pearl River Delta Urban Qian-ming Lu January 2003Environment Project - Water quality Modellingand Strategic Analysis of the Pearl River - Claus Bjorn PedersenInterim Report Mads Madsen

58 Circular Recommendations Commercialize SDPC, MOC, SEPA Oct. 2002Urban Wastewater and Garbage Treatment

59 Circular on Printing and Distributing City Dirty MOC, SEPA, MOST May 2000Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention andTreatment Policy

60 Sediments Monitoring Data of Pearl River Provided by GZ EPB January 2003Guangzhou Section

61 Water Law of P.R.C. Xinhua News Agency August 29, 2002

62 Overview of HuaDu / Existing Wastewater Provided by HuaDuPiping Network / Planning Design of new plant /Wastewater Treatment planning / Water quality

63 Design Report or XiLang & FanChun GD Construction Design August 2002Institute & MunicipalEngineering Design

64 Synthetical proposal of sludge treatment of GZ Municipal Engineering June 2002Guangzhou Wastewater Treatment Plant Design

65 Investment estimation & benefit analyse (3rd South west Design Institute / June 2002book) about Feasibility Study for system GZ Municipal Design Instituteengineering of LiJiao Wastewater treatmentsystem (Modified version)

66 EIA for DaTanSha /Liede/ 4 Networks GRIEP November 2002

67 Masterplan for Sewage Treatment in the Guangzhou Municipal & 1988Guangzhou Urban Area Gardens Bureau/SMEDI

68 Guidelines for Air Quality World health Organization

69 Guangzhou Urban Transport Study URCC, GZ March 1995

70 Urban Air Quality Management Strategy in Asia Jitendra J. Shah Tanvi NagpalCarter J. Brandon

71 A Survey of Public Finance in Guangdong Executive Office of GD 2001Provincial Fiscal Dept.

72 Introduction of Guangdong province Ou GuangYuan 2001

73 Guangdong Yearbook 2002 2002

74 Public report of Environment Situation of GD EPB GD 2000

75 Magazine of Guangzhou Environment Guangzhou Environment 2001Protection bureau





76 FoShan Yearbook Guangdong People Published 2001edition

77 The Price of Dirty Water: pollution Costs in the Claudia W. Sadoff June 1996Sebou Basin

78 Handbook on economic Analysis of Investment Pedro Belli May 1996Operations

79 Model Specification for tunnelling Thomas Telford 1997

80 Private Participation in infrastructure in China IFC October 2001

81 Technical Guidance manual for Developing United State EPA March 1997Total maximum Daily Loads

82 La Seine et son basin: de la Recherche a la E. Fustec et G. De Marsily Avril 1993Gestion

83 Feasibility study of Datansha WVvTP extension SMEDI, Guangdong June 2002(phase ll) Construction Design &

Research Ins., CSTengineering

84 Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, Metcaff & Eddy 1991Reuse, 3rd Edition

85 Industrial Water Pollution Control, 3rd Edition W.Wesley Eckenfelder, Jr. July, 2001

86 New Wastewater Treatment Technology: Sun Liping, etc. 2001samples for calculation and design (In Chinese)

87 Engineering Appraisal (in Chinese) Liu Zhongyin August 2002

88 Engineering Project Management, 2nd Edition N.J. Smith 2002

89 Water treatment handbook, sixth edition Degremont 1991

90

91 Control standards for pollutants in sludge fromagricultural use, P.R. China, GB 4284 - 84

92 Feasibility study of Lijiao sewage system, Southwest china Municipal July, 2002Guangzhou engineering design &

Research institute, etc.

93 Feasibility study of Liede sewage system phase Guangzhou Municipal Feb. 200111 engineering design & research

institute, etc.

94 2002 Colloque Franco-Chinese sur la protection Shanghai - Suzhou 06-09 Nov. 2002utilisation durable de la resources en eau

95 GD Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Sogreah Oct. 2002Project - Design Review & Advisory Services -Inception Report

96 Mathematical Problems in Environmental Alexandre Ern / Liu Weiping July 2002Science and Engineering

97 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Eric Guibelin - OTV Feb. 2003

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 2003- NOVEMBER




98 Introduction to Urban Geological Investigation In Duan Weiwu, Guangzhou 2002Coastal Area of East China Marine Geological Survey,

MGMR

99 Bridging the Water Divide SUEZ 2003

100 Country Report of the P.R.C. Chinese Ministry of Water March 2003Resources

101 Report of the World Panel on Financing Water Report written by James March 2003Infrastructure Winpenny

102 Disbursement Handbook World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2001

103 Guide to the Design of Combined sewer FR 0488 Nov.1994overflow structures

104 Situatiion du recyclage agricole des boues ADEMEd'epuration urbaines en Europe

105 Les coOts de traitement et de recycllage ADEME et CEMAGREFagricole des boues d'epuration urbaines

106 GD - Solid Waste management Sector CPG March 2003Assessment Final Report - Volume 1

107 Appendix B - Existing Conditions & Inventory CPG March 2003Report

108 GDPRD - Solid Waste Management Sector CPG March 2003Assessment Final Report - Volume 2 -Municipal Solid Waste

109 GDPRD - Solid Waste Management Sector CPG March 2003Assessment Final Report - Volume 3 -Industrial Solid Waste & Hazardous WasteTreatment Center

110 Summary Report of EIA & EAP for GD Scientific Research Institute of May, 2002Component of Inland Waterway Fourth Project the Pearl River Water

Resource Protection

111 The third period engineering of GZ LieDe GMG / GZ Municipal April 2002Wastewater Treatment System Engineering Design Institute

112 Bidding Doc - Economic bidding - Construction GD water & electricity No2 Feb. 2003of Pipeline Installation for LieDe (2 phase) Co.Ltd.WVvTP

113 Private Participation in infrastructure in China The World Bank December 2002

114 Analysis of the Cost Difference of Bank-Loaned The World Bank July 2002Urban Projects in China

115 Special Plan for Master Plan of GZ City (1991- July 19942010)

116 Air Pollution Control in Hongkong - Seminar The HK Polytechnic 28'h may 2002Proceedings University, Department of

Mechanical Engineering

117 MWH - CUEP REVIEWED BY: JOHN AUT.2002BLOCK





118 EIA about GZ Dashadi / Liede Wastewater GRIEP Nov. 2002Treatment System (Phase I) & Network systemEngineering of 4 wastewater treatment sections

119 Feasibility Study Report for GZ HSWT Center in GZ IECC & GRIEP April 2002Guangzhou

120 EIA Report (Draft ) for HSWT Centre in GZ GRIEP Oct. 2002

121 EIA Report for GZ Liede VVWTS (Phase I) GRIEP Nov. 2002

122 EIA Report for GZ Dashadi WVVWTS (Phase I GRIEP Dec. 2002200,000 ton / day)

123 EIA report for the network system of 4 WW GRIEP Dec. 2002sections

124 Evaluation of Environmental Strategic Options SOGREAH March 2003

125 Network Completion of Guangzhou, FS Report GZ Design Institute July 2003

126 GZ LieDe WT System Phase IlIl / FS Report GZ Design institue July 2003

127 GZ Dashadi WT System / FS Report GZ Design Institue July 2003

128 GD DRA - Institutional Reform Report SOGREAH August 2003

129 Work List for Interception of DongLang Creek GZ Municipal Engineering April 2003Group Company

130 Geotechnical Investigation Report - selection of GD Design Institute of Heavy Sept. 2003site for GZ Hazardous Solid Waste Treatment Industry & Architecture(with CD)




APPENDIX 3ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY & EMISSION STANDARDS IN PRC




1. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS

1.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) with regulation GB3095-96 for Fluoride andstandard for maximum concentration of Chlorine from Industry Designing Sanitary Standards(TJ36-1979).

ENVIRONMENTAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Concentration limitsPollutants 1 hourly Daily Yearly Source of standards and units

average average average

SO2 0.50 0.15 0.06(GB3095-1996)

Nox 0.15 0.10 0.05(mg/Nm3)

TSP 0.30 0.20

F- 7 20 (GB3095-1996) (pg/m3)

C12 0.10* 0.03 (TJ36-79)(mg/Nm 3)

1.2. AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CROPS

Standards for the Protection of Crops (GB9173-88) set the maximum concentration of some airpollutants in order to preserve the safe consumption of crops..

AIR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION LIMITS FOR PROTECTING CROPS

Average DailyPollI utants SensibiIity iconcentration average Any time CropsPollutants ensibility in growing concentratio

season n

Vvinter wheat, spring wheat, barley,Sensitive crop 0.05 0 15 0.50 soybean, ginger, spinach, cabbage,

SO2 and so on

(mg/m 3) Medium 0.08 0.25 0.70 Rice, corn, cotton, tobacco, tomato,sensitive crop broomcorn, etc.

Insensitive crop 0.12 0.30 0.80 Horsebean, , taro, strawberry, etc.

Sensitive crop 1.0 5.0 Winter wheat, earthnut, sugarcane, apple, peach, pear, etc.

NO. Middling Barley, rice, corn, soybean,(mg/dm2d) sensitive crop 2.0 10.0 broomcorn, cabbage, etc.

Insensitive crop 4.5 15.0 Cotton, tea, helianthus, eggplant,Insensitve crop 4.5 15.0 capsicum, potato, etc.

1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATER

Surface Water Quality Standards (GB3838-88) are presented in the following table. Someparameters not covered by this standard adopt the Class I of the Fishery Water Quality Standards(GB1 1607-89) and of the Waste Water Comprehensive Emission Standards (GB8978-1996).

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 2003-NOvEMBER



ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS OF SURFACE WATER (GB3838-2002) UNIT: MGIL (EXCLUDING PH)

Ref Pollutants Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V

1 pH 6to9 6to9 6to9 6to9 6to9

2 DO> 7.5 6 5 3 2(or 90% sat)

3 COD Mn•5 2 4 6 10 15

4 CODc,!S 15 15 20 30 40

5 BOD5S 3 3 4 6 10

6 N-NH3• 0.015 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.07 Total phosphorus (P) s 0.02 (0.01)* 0.1 (0.025)* 0.2 (0.05) 0.3 (0.1) 0.4 (0.2)'

8 Total Nitrogen (N) s 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.09 Copper (Cu) s 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

10 Zinc (Zn) s 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0

11 Fluoride (F) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

12 Selenium (Se) s 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02

13 Arsenic (As) S 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.114 Mercury (Hg) s 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001

15 Cadmium (Cd) s 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01

16 Chromium (Cr 6 ) s 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1

17 Total lead (Pb) s 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1

18 Total cyanide (CN-) s 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.219 Volatile phenol s 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1

20 Oil < 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0

21 Anionic detergent S 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 3 0.3

22 Sulphide s 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.023 Coli forms (number/L) s 200 2000 10,000 20,000 40,000

*Value within bracket for lakes and reservoirsFishery water quality standards, ** Class 1 of Waster water comprehensive emission standards

1.4. DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

Drinking Water Quality Standards GJ3020-1993 is presented in the following table.

WATER QUALITY STANDARDS OF DRINKING WATER

Ref Parameters Limits for Class 2

1 Colour no obvious colour

2 Turbidity

3 Smell and taste No obvious smell and taste

4 pH value 6.5 to 8.5

5 Total hardness (by CaCO 3 ) (mg/L) <=450

6 Dissolved Fe" (mg/L) <=0.5

7 Manganese (mg/L) <=0.1

8 Copper (mg/L) <=1.0

9 Zinc (mg/L) -1.0

10 Volatile hydroxybenzene (by phenol) (mg/L) <=0.004

11 Anion synthetic detergent (mg/L) <=0.3




Ref Parameters Limits for Class 2

12 Sulfate (mg/L) <250

13 Chloride (mg/L) <250

14 DTS (mg/L) <1000

15 Fluoride (mg/L) <=1.0

16 Cyanide (mg/L) <=0.05

17 Arsenic (mg/L) <=0.05

18 Selenium (mg/L) <=0.01

19 Hg (mg/L) <=0.001

20 cadmium (mg/L) <=0.01

21 chrome (+6) (mg/L) <=0.05

22 Pb (mg/L) <=0.07

23 Ag (mg/L) <=0.05

24 Beryllium (mg/L) <=0.0002

25 N-NH3 (mg/L) <=1.0

26 Nitrate (by Nitrogen) (mg/L) <=20

27 COD (KMnO4) (mg/L) <=6

28 Benzene (pg/L) <=0.01

29 DDT (pg/L) <=1

30 BHC (pg/L) <=5

31 BaiJunqing (mg/L) <=0.01

32 Total coli form group (no./L) <=10000

33 Total a radioactivity (Bq/L) <=0.1

34 Total D radioactivity (Bq/L) <=1

1.5. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GROUND WATER

Ground Water Quality Standards GB/T14848-1993 is presented in following table.

QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GROUND WATER

Ref Parameter valuenty Class I Class |1 Class III Class IV Class V

Color <=5 <=5 <=15 <=25 >25

2 Smell and taste non non non non yes

3 turbidity <=3 <=3 <=3 <=10 >10

Material can be seen by non non non non yeseyes

5.5 to 6.55 pH 6.5 to 8.5 <5.5,>9

8.5 to 9

Total6 hardness(byCaCO3)(mg/L <=150 <=300 <=450 <=550 >550




Ref Parameter Svaue typr Class I Class II Class IlIl Class IV Class V

7 TDS (mg/L) <=300 <=500 <=1000 <=2000 >2000

8 Sulfate(mg/L) <=50 <=150 <=250 <=350 >350

9 Chloride(mg/L) <=50 <=150 <=250 <=350 >350

10 Fe (mg/L) <=0.1 <=0.2 <=0.3 <=1.5 >1 5

11 Mn (mg/L) <=0.05 <=0.05 <=0.1 <=1.0 >1.0

12 Cu(mg/L) <=0.01 <=0.05 <=1.0 <=1.5 >1.5

13 Zn (mg/L) <=0.05 <=0.5 <=1.0 <=5.0 >5.0

14 Mo (mg/L) <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.1 <=0.5 >0.5

15 Co (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.05 <=0.05 <=1.0 >1.0

16 Volatile hydroxybenzene -0001 -0.001 <=0.002 <=0.01 >0 01(by phenol) (mg/L)

17 Anion synthetic detergen Can not be <=0.1 <=0.3 <=0.3 >0.3(mg/L) inspected

18 Permanganate inde <=1.0 <=2.0 <=3.0 <=10 >10(mg/L)

19 Nitrate (by N) (mg/L) <=2.0 <=5.0 <=20 <=30 >30

20 nitrite (by N)(mg/L) <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.02 <=0.1 >0.1

21 N-NH3 (mg/L) <=0.02 <=0.02 <=0.2 <=0.5 >0.5

22 Fluoride (mg/L) <=1.0 <=1.0 <=1.0 <=2.0 >2.0

23 Iodide (mg/L) <=0.1 <=0.1 <=0.2 <=1.0 >1.0

24 Cyanide (mg/L) <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

25 Hg (mg/L) <=0.00005 <=0.0005 <=0.001 <=0.001 >0.001

26 As (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.01 <=005 <=0.05 >0.05

27 Se (mg/L) <=0.01 <=0.01 <=0.01 <=0. 1 >0.1

28 Cd (mg/L) <=0.0001 <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.01 >0.01

29 Cr(+6) (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

30 Pb (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

31 Be (mg/L) <=0.00002 <=0.0001 <=0.0002 <=0.001 >0.001

32 Ba (mg/L) <=0.01 <=0.1 <=1.0 <=4.0 >4.0

33 Ni (mg/L) <=0.005 <0.05 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

34 DDT(pg/L) No inspected <=0.005 <=1.0 <=1.0 >1.0

35 BHC(pg/L) <=0.005 <=0.05 <-5.0 <=5.0 >5.0

36 Total coliform grou <=3.0 <=3.0 <=3.0 <=100 >100(no.IL)

37 Total number of bacteria <=100 <=100 <=100 <=1000 >1000(no.IL)

38 Total a radioactivit <=0.1 <=0.1 <=0.1 >0.1 >0.1(Bq/L)

39 Total f radioactivit <=0.1 <=1.0 <=1.0 >1.0 >1.0(BqYL)

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 2003- NOVEMBER



1.6. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR NOISE

Class Two standard of Urban Area Environmental Noise Standards GB3096-1995, applies toresidential, commercial and industrial mixed area.

NOISE STANDARDS OF URBAN AREA

Types Day Unit; [Leq[dB(A)] Night [Unit; Leq[dB(A)j

0 50 45

1 55 45

2 60 50

3 65 55

4 70 55

1.7. ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION STANDARDS

Environmental vibration adopts Urban Area Environmental Vibration Standards (GB10070-88),which applies to mixed area and commercial center area: day 75dB(A), night 72dB(A).

1.8. TOXICITY (LEACHATE) TEST

National Standard GB5085.3-1996<ldentification Standards of Hazardous Waste, Identificationof Lixiviating Toxicity>

Hazardous Items Identification date ofcharacters hazardous wasteCorrosivity pH of lixivium Ž12.5 ors2.0

1:1 lixivium compound thefilling quantity of little white

Original sieving of Half death rate of little white mice (or big) which were filed mice is no more thanacute toxicity with lixivium through mouth 0.4mL/20g avoirdupois,

while that of big is1.0mL/100g avoirdupois

Organic mercury NoneMercury and its compounds (in total Hg) 0.05

Lead (in total Pb) 3Cadmium (in total Cd) 0.3

Total chromium 10Concentration of Crb+ 1 .5

hazardous Copper and its compounds (in total Cu) 50Lixiviating toxicity elements in Zinc and its compounds (in total Zn) 50

lixivium Beryllium and its compounds (in total Be) 0.1Barium and its compounds (in total Ba) 100Nickel and its compounds (in total Ni) 10

Arsenic and its compounds (in total As) 1.5Inorganic fluoride (except calcium 50

fluoride)Cyanide (in CN) 1.0




2. EMISSION STANDARDS

2.1. WASTE WATER

Waste water treatment plant effluents must conform to the Comprehensive Emission Standards ofWaste Water (GB8978-1996), as presented below.

COMPREHENSIVE EMISSION STANDARDS OF WASTE WATER (UNIT MGIL EXCEPT PH)

Ref. Pollutant Class One Class Three

1 PH 6 to 9 6 to 9

2 SS 70 400

3 CODCr 100 500

4 BOD5 20 300

5 Oil 5 20

6 P 0.1 0.3

7 N-NH3 15

8 Volatile hydroxybenzene 0.5 2.0

9 Sulfide 1.0 1.0

10 Fluoride 10 20

11 Total Cu 0.5 2.0

12 Total Zn 2.0 5.0

13 Total Mn 2.0 5.0

14 Total Hg* 0.05 0.05

15 Total Cd 0.1 0.1

16 Total Cr* 1.5 1.5

17 Cr6'* 0.5 0.5

18 Total As 0.5 0.5

*Adopts maximum acceptable emission concentration

2.2. WASTE WATER DISCHARGED TO A SEWERAGE SYSTEM

This standard (CJ3082-1999) covers discharges of different sources to a waste water network andcovers:

* Industrial pollution source (newly built or existing) which discharges wastewater into awastewater treatment system collection network should meet Discharge Standards of Municipalsewers (CJ3082-1999).

* Newly built residential areas within a wastewater treatment catchments should discharge theirwastewater through a separate system installed within the residential area itself.

* Wastewater generated from restaurants, recreation spots or services places should go throughoil and residue removal pretreatment before they discharge into a wastewater collectionnetwork.

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N° 355073 2003 - NOVEMBER



* Disinfection should be applied to wastewater discharged from hospitals.

Details of the standard are listed in the following table.

STANDARDS FOR WASTEWATER DISCHARGE TO A WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM COLLECTION NETWORK

Parameters Highest allowed value Parameters Highest allowedconcentration

pH 6-9 Hg 0.05mg/LSS 400mg/L Cd O.1 mg/LOil 20.Omg/L Pb 1.0mg/L

BOD5 300mg/L Zn 5.Omg/LCODcr 500mg/L Ni 1.Omg/LNH3-N 35mg/L Cu 2.Omg/L

Phosphate 1.Omg/L As 2.0mg/Lchromatic value 80mg/L Cr6+ 0.5mg/L

2.3. EXHAUST GAS

Exhaust gas adopts Comprehensive Emission Standards of AirPollutant (GB16297-1996)

Limited Values of Air Pollutant from New Source (Unit; mg/rn3)

Ref Pollutant Maximum acceptable Controlling value to in-organizedemission concentration emission

1 SO2 Beyond boundary; 0.40

2 TSP 120 (others) Beyond boundary; 1.0

3 NO, 240 (others) Beyond boundary; 0.12

4 Cl2 65 Beyond boundary; 0.40

5 F- 9.0 (others) Beyond boundary; 20(pg/m3)

2.4. NOISE

Construction noise adopts Limiting Values in Construction Area (GB12523-90) standards.

NOISE LIMITING VALUES IN CONSTRUCTION AREA UNIT: LEQ(DB(A))

Limiting valuesConstruction period Main noise sources

Day Night

Cubic meter of earth Bulldozer, grab, loading truck 75 55and stone

Piling Various pile driver 85 Ban

Construction Concrete mixer, vibrating tamper, 70 55electrical saw, etc.

Fitting Crane, elevator, etc 65 55




oOo




APPENDIX 4PRD WATER QUALITY DATA




WATER QUALITY OF HUANGSHA, LIEDE, AND CHANGZHOU SECTIONS IN 1999 UNIT MG/L (EXCEPT PH)

Items Ternp.S h oard es N ni ic AvergSections Hem5 TemP PH SS hardness DO COD,M BOD5 NH3-N NO2-N- NO3-N- Phenol Oil TN TP C No ammonia samples Peiae

amna >stand. P

Samples 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

Maximum / 7.67 109 8.57 3.1 8.14 7 11.4 0.574 1.78 0.006 0.27 14.2 0.34 88.5 0.1838

Minimum / 6.98 20 3.17 0.5 4.9 3.75 0.65 0.088 0.08 0.001(Y) 0.02(Y) 2.65 0.1 10.3 0.0174Huangsha Average 25.1 7.31 52 5.62 1.5 5.8 4.81 4.37 0.26 1.09 0.003 0.14 6.16 0.22 40.4 0.056 36 0.88

% samples / 0 0 0 100 33.3 86.1 100 75 0 2.8 97.2 / 97.2 / 91.7>standards

Pollution index / 0.19 0.35 0.22 2.14 0.97 1.2 I 1.73 0.05 0.6 2.8 I 2.2 _ 2.8

Samples 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

Maximum / 7.45 148 14.2 3.8 6.69 4.9 2.97 0.549 4.88 0.007 0.2 8.22 0.29 501 0.0393

Minimum I 7.1 26 4.05 0.6 3.25 2.6 0.19 0.112 0.28 0.001(Y) 0.06 2.13 0.09 7.1 0.0027Changzhou Average 24.7 7.25 55 6.91 2.1 4.5 3.33 1.38 0.3 2.02 0.003 0.12 3.86 0.17 123 0.017 29 0.73

% samples I 0 0 0 100 16.7 12.5 87.5 79.2 0 12.5 100 / 87.5 I 37.5>standards

Pollution index / 0.25 0.37 0.28 1.93 0.75 0.83 I 2 0.1 0.6 2.4 I 1.7 / 0.85

Samples 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

Maximum / 7.8 144 10.8 2.6 10.1 7.77 9.52 0.36 1.04 0.014 0.3 14.6 0.72 168 0.167

Minimum / 7 23 3.77 0.2 4.91 3.73 0.44 0.014 0.11 0.001(Y) 0.02(Y) 1.8 0.12 15.9 0.008Liede Average 24.8 7.31 51 6.15 0.9 6.59 5.21 4.26 0.11 0.51 0.005 0.14 6.06 0.39 52 0.055 36.4 0.97

% samples / 0 0 0 100 50 91.7 98.6 27.8 0 27.8 94.4 I 100 I 84.7>standards

Pollution index / 0.19 0.34 0.25 2.31 1.1 1.3 / 0.73 0.03 1 2.8 _ 3.9 I 2.75




WATER QUALITY OF HUANGSHA, LIEDE, AND CHANGZHOU SECTIONS IN 2000 UNIT MG/L (EXCEPT PH)

Sections Items Tempera pH SS Tal DO CODM. BOD5 NH3-N NO2-N NO 3-N- Phenol Oil TN TP Ci Non ature hardness ammonia

Samples 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

Maximum _ 7.61 93 68.8 4.9 7.86 6.90 8.73 0.472 2.08 0.008 0.26 9.92 0.58 77.5 0.123

Huangsha Minimum / 7.15 28 46.9 0.3 4.38 3.54 1.81 0.005 0.140 0.001(Y) 0.02(Y) 3.02 0.09 12.4 0.023

Average 25.1 7.31 53 55.4 2.0 5.71 4.93 4.22 0.226 0.981 0.004 0.12 5.70 0.31 35.4 0.057

% samples _ 0 0 0 100 33.3 83.3 100 69.4 0 0 80.6 0 94.4 0 100>standards

Samples 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

Maximum / 7.55 92 71.0 5.5 7.11 5.72 7.81 0.452 2.90 0.005 0.15 8.02 0.48 80.0

Changzhou Minimum I 7.08 23 45.6 1.4 3.08 2.20 0.27 0.060 0.180 0.001(Y) 0.02(Y) 2.41 0.04 4.4

Average 24.7 7.31 52 56.4 3.0 4.32 3.40 2.83 0.214 1.30 0.003 0.07 4.67 0.22 32.0

% samples / 0 0 0 95.8 12.5 25.0 91.7 62.5 0 0 50.0 0 83.3 0>standards

Samples 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

Maximum I 7.48 98 73.8 3.2 10.20 8.83 11.8 0.456 1.71 0.020 0.30 13.00 1.28 64.0 0.126

Liede Minimum / 7.18 30 47.2 0.3 4.81 3.83 1.64 0.011 0.120 0.001(Y) 0.02(Y) 3.36 0.12 13.2 0.024

Average 24.8 7.31 61 57.4 1.3 6.55 5.58 5.08 0.192 0.704 0.002 0.11 6.44 0.48 35.0 0.063

% samples _ 0 0 0 100 11.7 94.4 100 56.9 0 80.6 0 100 0 100>standards

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 2003 - NOVEMBER

GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. THE WORLD BANKGUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES


Table 4.1-6 Results of surface water quality monitoring Unit: mg/L (except pH)

SECTION pH SS COD,r BOD, DO OIL NH,-N NO2uN NO3-N Cu Zn PHENOL Cr6 , Cd TP TN Bacteria

Flood 32.3- 9.37- 3.12-- 0.04- 0.92- 0.060- 0.81- 0.007- 0.025-- 0.02- 1.90-- 884--6.53--6.881 27--43 0.OOl(y) 00O02(Y) 0.005(y)tide 36.7 12.2 3.60 0.07 1.59 0.112 1.80 0.012 0.06 . 0.32 3.60 1322

38.4- 10.1- 1.65- 0.06- 1.01 - 0.062- 0.99- 0.007- 0.025-0 0.24- 2.01-- 1200-Da;iSha Ebb tide 6.33--6.74| 52--60 .. .0.001(Y) 0.00 2(Y) 0.005(y)Section 42.7 14.8 2.23 0.09 2.00 0.140 2.28 0.017 0.07 0.43 3.90 2200

AVerage 6.63 48 37.8 11.6 2.63 0.07 1.43 0.090 1.52 0.011 0.046 <0.002 0.00 2(y) 0.005(y) 0.30 3.14 1354

Flood 20.3- 10.8-- 3.39- 0.04- 0.47- 0.020- 0.47- 0.007- 0.025-- 0.09- 1.18--6.53--6.85, 27--41 0.001 (Y) 0.002(Y) 0.0005(Y 444--9262# tide 29.6 15.3 4.91 0.05 0.80 0.051 0.84 0.012 0.06 0.17 1.70

Wenchong 23.1- 12.5- 1.72- 0.05- 0.77- 0.030- 0.68- 0.007- 0.025- 0.15- 1.47-E hb t;de 6.31-6.78 42 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 59 ~0.001 (Y) 0.002(Y ) 0.0005(Y 624--982sShipyjard Ebbtide 6.31-6.78 4259 31.9 15.6 2.17 0.06 0.91 0.052 0.93 0.017 0.07 . 0.20 1.79Section__ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _

AVerage 6.64 42 26.1 13.9 2.90 0.05 0.72 0.037 0.76 0.011 0.046 0.001(y) 0.002(y) 0.0005(y 0.16 1.60 729

FlOOd _ 27.9-- 8.47-- 2.09-- 0.06-- 0.001-- 0.04--_ 0.005-- 0.17--6.48-6.95 38-58 0.02 (y) . . . 0.0005(y 0.025(y) 0.001(y) 0.002(y) 0.0005(y . . 80-520tide 59.7 14.6 3.68 0.44 0.010 0.45 0.06 1.01

29.2- 12.8- 1.74- 0.07- 0.004- 0.08- 0.005- 0.17-Duntouji Ebb tide 6.38-6.69 43-68 0.02 (y) 0.0005(y 0.025(y) 0.001(y) 0.002(y) 0.0005(y . 104-552Section 62.8 16.1 2.82 0.45 0.016 0.52 0.35 1.21

Average 6.64 52 42.0 13.2 2.65 0.02 (y) 0.25 0.006 0.30 0.0005(y 0.0 25(y) 0.001(y) 0.002(y) 0.0005(y 0.06 0.65 311

Source: survey by GRIEP




Yagang Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

65. 6 56

4.67 4.83

E 4 3. 84 -- \.8 -3.7 3. 87

0ED 2 _zz 4_-.) 71 _. -. _.

O - DK n1 :F A A )n 3t n 11 0. 11i 3K441996 1997 1998 1999 2000

+-- DO -- BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate -*--P

Huangsha Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

9

8 8.15

7 7- - 05 - AAE 6 .2 _ 6.38

.0 4.62

L.C 34 --___ _ . __ _ _ _ _

0c 2-

0 1-

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

+-- DO -U--BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate -XI(P

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 2003 -NOVEMBER



Pingzhou Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

6

5 254.38

4 4 4 1 7 A 1A

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000~~~~~~7

0 2

02

1_1. 25

X O. 2 5, )K. 24 A 0 5 R 4O24

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

-4--DO --- BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate_-*--P

Changzhou Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

87 7. 2

6 -6 01---

E 54.36K- 4 56 _43 4 354

03

123 - -- _ __ _ __

22

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

-4-DO- - -BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate -.*--P




Linhua Mountain Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

5

2 .5 .7 49C _ _ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

o 2.5 1.71 82

1. 5~ ~ ~~~~~~~3

0 5302

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 5**jZJ8

|+-DO + BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate -*-- P

Yingjingshai Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

65.51 5.48 5.6 6

5 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~4. 84.49 4.48

--. 4 -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

E 3 :-91~ _Sl-- %3 40C)

0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~.0 2 -X _K_ _ _ __. _ 0 .

1 B F2 -- ~ - 0. 7

0 ! IO2 I~2 K.

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

-- DO --- BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate *P




Donglang Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

12 -

10 9. 75

8 8. 24 -- ___75 _

2- 6 b_ \ _,

0

o RU.~~~~~J ).-. 03 -~1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

-4--DO -- BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate -*---P

Liede Water Quality, Dry Season, 1996-2000

14

12- 12E10 _, 7.7

4C _ _ _ _8.6

6. c:~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~:~

4-o 2

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

-4--DO -- BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate -X*--P




Duntouji Water Quality Dry Season 1996-2000

6 5.68

_5 4-- m ? 4.99T91 > m ~~~-4. 3 2 _4. 29_/

c i~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - ' 3 . 6 66 - L

0O 2- \1.8

AV A 1A ,V ns _ fi A A Vns9 A0-- G.1 1" u. r16~ u 'I

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

+*--DO -BOD NH3-N COD Permanganate P




APPENDIX 5NEAR FIELD MODEL CALIBRATION AND SIMULATION RESULTS


n reasur ernent s

cal cul at ed

2 -_.___ _ mat er I evel

1 i O55/ A

E-1, 5 .

FIGURE 1-A: MEASURED AND COMPUTED WATER LEVELS

3000

2000

a) 0

i g 4 9 9 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~calcltdfo

- 2000

FIGURE 1-B: MEASURED AND COMPUTED WATER FLOWS


SO GREAH 0 MEASURED AND COMPUTED RIVER LEVELS AND FLOWS FIGURE N° 1SQGREAH , HUANGSHA STATION

2

1, 5

>EI 2 MAeasure nN ent s

0) I iFIIyl evel

-0, 5

1nn 5 .- .- .---- . . ------ ..- . -.. ................... .... ........... ..-- ... .. -.-. -.. .......................... ......

FIGURE 2-A: MEASURED AND COMPUTED WATER LEVELS

1 5 00 - -- - ----- ---

-1000

-1500 -


0.- * MEASURED AND COMPUTED RIVERLEVELS AND FLOWS FIGURE ND 2SOGREAH J> , FUBIAOCHANG STATION

2

1, .E 1X 15t*i|

a -0,5 '_____ _-1-1 U V g V Q t _ - ~~~~~~~~~~~rreas ur ernent s

-1,5 c c

FIGURE 3-A: MEASURED AND COMPUTED WATER LEVELS -

2000 ---- ------------- -

1500-

-1000-

-500-

- 2500

FIGURE 3-B: MEASURED AND COMPUTED WATER FLOWS-



SOGREAH bLMEASURED AND COMPUTED RIVER LEVELS AND FLOWS FIGURE NO 3S;GREAH .. ~s YUANCUN STATION

2-

-1 , 5

0, 5

0~~~~~~~~~~~~ cal clat ed

ci)~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~L

-1, 5 eauenns

2 cal cul at ed


4 o0 .,. I I. _~ II I I

FIGURE 4-B: MEASURED AND COMPUTED WATER FLOWS -


!SOGREAH IV MEASURED AND COMPUTED RIVER LEVELS AND FLOWS FIGURE N° 4,A S

figure4.2-9 Caculated water level and measurements ofHuangpuyou section

2

FIGURE 5-A: MEASURED AND COMPUTED WATER ILEVELS-.

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~____. _

4000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~__

3000 0X^^ [

100

;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a 'ril atS Pd-1000

-200


PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003


'SO)GREAH / 0 MEASURED AND COMPUTED RIVER LEVELS AND FLOWS FIGURE N° 5N 4;RX ~~~HUANGPUYOU STATION

2

>,- neasur erent s0-0°5 S -ac -calculated

-2


2000015000 -10000

500 -

0z [lb-15000

- 20000 -____

- 25000 -- measurements- 30000 - calculated flow




: -O MEASURED AND COMPUTED RIVER LEVELS AND FLOWS FIGURE No 6SOGREAH H_,. ~~~~~HAIXINSHA STATION

I



APPENDIX 6INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGES IN THE GUANGZHOU CATCHMENTS




1. LIEDE 3 CATCHMENT

TABLE 1 -1: YEAR 2000 WASTEWATER DISCHARGE FROM MAJOR INDUSTRIES WITHIN LIEDE III CATCHMENTS

Name Wastewater discharge COD(kg/d) Oil (kg/d)(m3/d)

Guangzhou oil to gas 1386.4 344.8 5.2factoriesGuangzhou Langqi Limited 2459.9 471.0 8.5corporationGuangzhou Haotian 10804.4 638.8 15.1Chemical Limitedcorporation

Guangzhou Yingjinqian 1966.8 128.3 0.6Corporation

Guangzhou Battery Factory 2325.3 221.1 2.8(Yuancun)Guangzhou wireless 309.2 27.2 0.5industry corporationGuangzhou Jianhong 71.4 4.9 0.3Chemical factoryGuangzhou Zhaomei 43.8 16.5 0.0Leather factory (TianheDistrict)

Guangzhou Tianhe Leather 15.3 1.3 0.0factoryGuangzhou state-owned 12.4 0.4 0.0Xintang Chemical factoryGuangzhou Tianxiang 18.1 1.3 0.0Leather FactoryGuangzhou fashion 82.6 16.9 0.0corporationGuangzhou Printing Ink 42.8 3.3 0.0factoryGuangdong Jianjinmian 4.2 0.0 0.0Chemical factoryGuangzhou crop and oil 20.9 1.2 0.0companyGuangzhou Fulin wooden 65.8 7.0 0.0industry CorporationGuangzhou Guanhua Platic 96.0 7.6 0.1factoryGuangzhou Tianhe District 34.2 0.5 0.0Dongpu Tangxiagalvanization factoryGuangzhou communication 443.9 53.9 0.5devices for post systemlimited corporationGuangzhou patterning 98.6 4.9 0.0company (Wanbao Group)Guangzhou plaster factory 1.8 0.2 0.0Guangzhou Tianhe District 66.4 6.0 0.0Jeans factoryGuangzhou Tangyi paper 1228.8 73.5 0.1making factoryGuangzhou Pearl River 19.7 4.4 4.9special paper makinglimited corporationGuangzhou Ailin make-up 6.8 0.6 0.0factory

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NO 355073 2003- NOVEMBER



Guangzhou Southern Flour 345.0 37.8 0.0limited corporationGuangmei Food limited 524.8 31.1 0.4companyGuangzhou Flax limited 728.3 101.2 0.0corporationNo 1. cotton factory 1050.7 142.9 1.9affiliated to GuangzhouGuangfanglian GroupGuangdong Aolian Glass 1347.3 215.9 1.5limited CorporationGuangzhou Yuancun power 2088.5 2017.0 10.3plantTotal: 27710.2 4581.6 52.7

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N 355073 2003 - NOVEMBER



2. DASHADI CATCHMENT

TABLE 2-1: YEAR 2000 WASTEWATER DISCHARGE FROM MAJOR INDUSTRIES WITHIN DASHADI CATCHMENTS

Name Wastewater COD(kg/d) Oil (kgid)discharge (m3/d)

Guangzhou Huangpu Power plant 20045.8 5.3 0.1

Guangzhou Petrol-chemical Plant 36842.3 14.0 0.3

Ruiming Power limited corporation 542.0 0.1 0.0

Guangzhou Honda limited corporation 1051.6 0.3 0.0

Guangzhou Ethene Plant (affiliated to GuangzhouPetrol-chemical Plant ) 12152.3 0.9 0.0Guangzhou Steel Pipe limited corporation 694.9 5.0 0.2

Guangzhou Junwei passenger vehicle limitedcorporation 345.7 1.5 0.0Guangzhou Huangpu Chemical Plant 310.9 7.1 0.0

Guangzhou Wenchong Shipyard 2453.1 9.9 0.6

Guangzhou Taigu Coke limited corporation 2390.1 4.1 0.0

Guangzhou Huanmei Furniture Limited corporation 33.5 2.5 0.0

Guangzhou Huangpu Dongyue Aluminum Plant 122.5 3.2 0.0

Guangzhou Suijie cleaning detergent limitedcorporation 57.5 91.8 0.5Guangzhou Yifeng industrial china plant 44.4 4.2 0.0

Guangzhou Dongfeng Chemical limited corporation 257.3 83.8 0.1

Guangzhou Chengtai Knitting industrial limitedcorporation 4.3 162.2 4.3Guangzhou Huangpu Rainbow Chemical Plant 3.0 22.5 0.7

Guangzhou Hengmei Food limited corporation 7.4 24.8 1.5

Guangzhou Huangpu port company 134.8 13.8 0.2

Guangzhou Hongda Knitting Plant 15.3 6.4 0.0

Guangzhou Huangwei Food limited corporation 49.3 14.7 0.5

Guangzhou Valve plant 130.7 2.2 0.0

Guangzhou State-owned vehicle containertransportation company 54.4 0.9 0.1Guangzhou Huaguang electrical watch company 49.3 7.0 0.0

Guangzhou Micro-axletree plant 29.7 5381.5 286.2

Xinguang Group Guangzhou Pear River smeltingplant 414.8 5.3 0.1Guangzhou Zhonglian elevator channel plant 40.4 14.0 0.3

Guangdong Yuzhu wooden industry limitedcorporation 690.1 0.1 0.0Guangzhou Titanic Powder plant 4770.1 0.3 0.0

Guangzhou Municipal Engineering maintenancecompany Jishan asphalt plant 153.8 0.9 0.0Guangzhou Guanglian knitting dyeing limitedcorporation 745.2 5.0 0.2Guangzhou Tianhe Dongpu Daxing Jeans Factory 137.0 1.5 0.0

Guangzhou Tianhe Dongpu Dyeing plant 48.8 7.1, 0.0Guangzhou Tianhaijing knitting limited corporation 218.6 9.9 0.6




Guangdong Xiangmanlou farming limited corporation 23.7 4.1 0.0

Guangzhou Tianshu plating plant 31.8 2.5 0.0

Guangzhou Fulin wooden industry limited corporation 65.8 3.2 0.0

Total 85162.4 91.8 0.5

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT N' 355073 2003 -NOVEMBER



APPENDIX 7WASTEWATER SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS




APPENDIX 7: SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS

Excluding the sludge produced in Conghua WWTP and WVVWTP in Economic Zone, for which thereis currently no information the sludge production in Guangzhou is currently:

SLUDGE PRODUCTION OF DATANSHA AND LIEDE WWTPs IN GUANGZHOU [REF. 64]

Average wet sludge Solid content (%) Dr solid production (ton dry solid/ 104

production (ton/month) m wastewater treated)Datansha WWTP 5,575 19.17 1.26

Liede WWTP 2,924.45 25.58 1.06

Activated sludge process 20 -25 (typical belt 0.84(typical) [Ref. 84] filter press)

About 8,500 ton/month of wet sludge with the solid content between 22% to 23% is presently beingproduced in Guangzhou. Considering no further treatment processes are being adapted undercurrent situation, this is the amount of sludge has to be disposed in Guangzhou. More wet sludge isexpected when more W'VVTPs have been built in Guangzhou.

It is noticed that more solid is produced comparing with the typical solid production when every 104cubic meter wastewater is treated. The fact that there is no sludge digestion might explain whymore solid is produced in Guangzhou.

The chemical composition of sludge from the W\NTPs of Guangzhou has changed through theiroperation period. Measurements which have been done in 2001 show that sludge produced fromDatansha and Liede WWTP has met the national regulation for land application as below:

SOGREAH -BYN -REPORT NE 355073 2003 - NOVEMBER



SLUDGE COMPOSITION OF SLUDGE FROM ECONOMIC ZONE, DATANSHA AND LIEDE WWTPS IN 2001 [REF. 64,91]

Composition Unit Economic Liede Datansha Regulationzone WVVTP WVVTP WWMTP GB4284-84

Organic compound % 56.9 34.9 42.39 N/A

SiO2 % 7.08 30.35 21.45 N/A

A1203 % 3.39 11.58 8.89 N/A

Fe2O3 % 2.63 4.44 3.57 N/A

CaO % 1.52 1.82 2.42 N/A

MgO % 1.1 0.96 0.96 N/A

K20 % 1.753 2.544 2.092 N/A

Na2O % 1.25 1.469 1.462 N/A

P205 % 7.61 5.16 4.88 N/A

S % 0.34 0.26 0.25 N/A

TN % 5.41 3.23 3.67 N/A

TP % 3.32 2.25 2.13 N/A

TK % 1.455 2.112 1.736 N/A

Cd mg/kg 1.37 0.68 1.05 5 (pH<6.5);20(pH>=6.5)

Cr mg/kg 219.2 77.91 102.7 600(pH<6.5);1,000(pH>=6.5)

As mg/kg 14.97 11.43 17.90 75

Hg mg/kg 0.438 0.578 0.768 5(pH<6.5);15(pH>=6.5)

Pb mg/kg 331.3 100.5 153.1 300(pH<6.5);1,000(pH>=6.5)

Data in the above table shows that sludge produced from the Datansha WvTP and Liede WVVTPhas met the national regulation for land application. This implies a potential sludge final disposal.Sludge from economic zone should be treated and disposed in a different manner.
