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CHAPTER 2

•COMPUTER GRAPHICS

•COMPUTER SIMULATIONS

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Computer graphics are graphics created

using computers and, more generally, the representation

and manipulation of image data by a computer with help

from specialized software and hardware.

The development of computer graphics has made

computers easier to interact with, and better for

understanding and interpreting many types of data.

Developments in computer graphics have had a

profound impact on many types of media and have

revolutionizedanimation, movies and the video

game industry.

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The term computer graphics has been used in a broad sense to describe "almost everything on computers that is not text or sound".

Typically, the term computer graphics refers to several different things:

The representation and manipulation of image data by a computer

the various technologies used to create and manipulate images

the sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content, see study of computer graphics.

Computer graphics is widespread today.

Computer imagery is found on television, in newspapers, for example in weather reports, or for example in all kinds of medical investigation and surgical procedures

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TWO –DIMENSIONAL 2D computer graphics are the computer-based generation

of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models, such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images, and by techniques specific to them.

PIXEL ART

Pixel art is a form of digital art, created through the use of raster graphics software, where images are edited on the pixel level. Graphics in most old (or relatively limited) computer and video games, graphing calculator games, and many mobile phone games are mostly pixel art.

VECTOR GRAPHICS

Vector graphics formats are complementary to raster graphics. Raster graphics is the representation of images as an array of pixels and is typically used for the representation of photographic images

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THREE DIMENSIONAL

3D computer graphics in contrast to 2D computer

graphics are graphics that use a three-

dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored

in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations

and rendering 2D images. Such images may be for later

display or for real-time viewing.

COMPUTER ANIMATION

Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animation. Increasingly it is created by means of 3D computer graphics, though 2D computer graphics are still widely used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time rendering needs.

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A computer simulation, a computer model, or

a computational model is a computer program, or

network of computers, that attempts to simulate an

abstract model of a particular system.

Computer simulations have become a useful part

of mathematical modeling of many natural systems

in physics (computational

physics),astrophysics, chemistry and biology, human

systems in economics, psychology, social science,

andengineering.

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Computer simulations are used in a wide variety of practical contexts, such as:

analysis of air pollutant dispersion using atmospheric dispersion modeling

design of complex systems such as aircraft and also logistics systems.

design of Noise barriers to effect roadway noise mitigation

flight simulators to train pilots

weather forecasting

Simulation of other computers is emulation.

forecasting of prices on financial markets (for example Adaptive Modeler)

behavior of structures (such as buildings and industrial parts) under stress and other conditions

design of industrial processes, such as chemical processing plants

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Reservoir simulation for the petroleum engineering to

model the subsurface reservoir Process Engineering Simulation tools. Robot simulators for the design of robots and robot

control algorithms Urban Simulation Models that simulate dynamic

patterns of urban development and responses to urban land use and transportation policies. See a more detailed article on Urban Environment Simulation.

Traffic engineering to plan or redesign parts of the street network from single junctions over cities to a national highway network, for transportation system planning, design and operations. See a more detailed article on Simulation in Transportation.

modeling car crashes to test safety mechanisms in new vehicle models

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REVISION

Q & A

THANKYOU

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