Soile Aatos GTK Geomodelling Services to Mining Companies GTK Stakeholder Seminar 07.05.2013 Hotel Scandic Kuopio, Finland Surpac model: J. Luukas
Soile Aatos
GTK Geomodelling Services to Mining Companies
GTK Stakeholder Seminar 07.05.2013 Hotel Scandic
Kuopio, Finland
Surpac model: J. Luukas
Soile Aatos
Contents of this presentation • Viewing some main aspects of the geomodelling capacity of GTK
Eastern Finland Office • Visualising examples of modelling work and developments Geomodelling of bedrock, Quaternary cover and ore deposit
features for exploration and mining in 2D-3D(-4D) • Data • Mapping and prospecting by geomodelling • Ore deposit modelling and resource evaluation • Computational modelling
Soile Aatos
Our 2D-3D modelling mineral exploration people in GTK Eastern Finland Office at your service • Bedrock geology: J. Luukas, P. Sorjonen-Ward, S. Aatos • Exploration geology: S. Aatos (regional), J. Hokka (active GTK
project targets) • Exploration and computational geophysics: J. Lerssi, M.
Niskanen, S. Niemi, A. Ruotsalainen • Exploration and computational geochemistry: S. Aatos • Mineral resource evaluation: E. Koistinen from 1.8.2013 on • Mineral resource modeling: E. Koistinen, J. Hokka, S. Aatos • Contact persons (firstname.surname[at]gtk.fi):
– Geologist Soile Aatos (3D geological modelling) – Senior Scientist Esko Koistinen (mineral resource evaluation, QP)
Soile Aatos
Our tools for bedrock, Quaternary cover and ore deposit modelling and visualisation • Statistics: IBM SPSS Statistics 21 (R) • Pattern recognition: SiroSOM (Matlab) • (Image processing: eCognition Developer 8.8) • Geochemistry: GCDKit • 2D-3D GIS for prospecting: ArcGIS 10.1, ArcSDM, Target for ArcGIS • Geological 3D modelling: Surpac 6.3 (gOcad for academic purposes
only) • Ore deposit 3D modelling for ore evaluation: Surpac 6.3, GEMS (gOcad
for academic purposes only) • Geophysics: Encom ModelVision, Geosoft (e.g. VOXI), Emigma • 3D vision, 3D laboratory: FracSIS (GeoVisionary)
GTK data production and services for modelling • National INSPIRE body of geodata • Nationwide GIS data production and waring services are being developed
actively in co-operation with global and European colleague developers – Digital GIS databases, e.g. DigiKP (bedrock geology), FODD (ore
deposits) • Data acquisition scales from regional to targeted, funded by state, joint
ventures and customers • Digitalising also old data • Digital data archives and products, e.g.
– Library reference databases – Observations, geophysical and geochemical measurements in GIS – Drillhole and exploration data archives and databases – Layman’s samples – Existing models
Soile Aatos
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Recovering old drilling and mine data to 3D
Digital image and drilling data: Outokumpu Oy, Pahtavuoma Mine (GTK/Northern Finland Office) 3D modelling: S. Aatos (ISY)
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Solid model of Lampinsaari orebody (originating from old mine data)
Skma
Fekma
Znma
12 10
13 11 9
8 7
6 5
4 1 2
3
3D model: P. Heino
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Block model of the Lampinsaari orebody (originating from old mine data)
200-10000
10000-30000
30000-50000
50000-100000
100000-150000
150000-220000
Zn - ppm
3D-model: P. Heino (ISY)
Soile Aatos
Common practicalities • Data policy (e.g. ownership, usage, publicity, pricing) • Mineral resource classification policy, when needed • Coordinate system (JHS recommendations in Finland/GTK:
EUREF-FIN) • Quality: data (e.g. accuracy, metadata), model (e.g. uncertainty),
personnel (e.g. QP status, when needed) • Compatibility of various data, database and model formats and
resolution of the data: e.g. ASCII (.txt), spread-sheet (.xls), database (.mdb), GIS (.shp), CAD (.dxf), image (.jpg, .tif), GRID (.grd)
• Importing and exporting 2D-3D data and models • Sought data and product types
Mapping and prospecting by geomodelling
10 Soile Aatos 8.5.2013
Geophysical model data: Jouni Lerssi, Matti Niskanen 3D modelling and visualisation: Soile Aatos
Soile Aatos
Building up a 3D geomodel Geological data conversions from GIS to 3D
Bedrock geological database: DigiKP Surpac processing: S. Aatos
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Case I: Building up a 3D geological model 2D planes in 3D space from geological data
3D model: Jouni Luukas
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Valmiita 2D-leikkauksia ja -tasoja 3D-avaruudessa
3D-malli: J. Luukas (ISY)
Case I: Building up a 3D model 2D planes and 3D solids from geological data
3D model: J. Luukas
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Case II: Building up an integrated 3D model Integrated geodata for 3D interpretation
1. Tekstiä 2. Tekstiä
Digital bedrock map data: DigiKP 3D sketch of geology in Surpac: S. Aatos Magnetic worms data: J. Lerssi
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Case II: Building up an integrated 3D model Interpreting computational model data by hand
3D modelling: S. Aatos Original worms model data: J. Lerssi
Soile Aatos
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Case II: Building up an integrated 3D model Utilising image and GIS data together
2D bedrock: DigiKP HIRE model: I. Kukkonen Surpac models: S. Aatos
Soile Aatos
The next generation of geological models will be in 4D • A conceptualised 4D geological model created and constructed in
3D by J. Luukas • ProMine project (2009-2013), work package 2
• bimodal felsic and mafic early arc volcanism
• lavas, breccias and porphyries
• subvolcanic felsic intrusion
Pyhäsalmi group (~1930-1925 Ma)
• felsic to mafic early arc volcanism
• abundant volcaniclastics
• calc silicate rocks • subvolcanic felsic
intrusion
Vihanti group (~1925 -1920 Ma) Vihanti model
Pyhäsalmi model
The main volcanic units of the Pyhäsalmi-Vihanti ore district
Geology layout: J. Kousa, geological data: DigiKP
Soile Aatos
Modelling for prospecting purposes
• Prospectivity modelling is mainly carried out in 2D, i.e. integrated, computational GIS geomodels, but results can also be visualised in 3D
• Lithogeochemical 2D models and 3D modelling: S. Aatos
Developing Deep Mining Camp Exploration User needs • More systematic and efficient mineral exploration • Shallow parts being already explored and existing deposits more
rapidly consumed, need to go deeper (< 5 km) Solution • Integrated application of state-of-the-art deep exploration methods
and Common Earth Modeling (CEM) concept with best available data and compiled new data
Benefits • Deep exploration and modeling methods and skills development for
Finnish conditions and experts • Resource potential given in 3D • Improved international exploration, research and knowledge
dissemination network Users • Mining, exploration and consulting companies • Geoscience institutes, universities
27 Tekes Green Mining kick off/Soile Aatos (Geological Survey of Finland) & Ilmo Kukkonen (University of Helsinki) 21.01.2013
Over hundred years of mineral exploration and mining give prestigious prominence to Outokumpu ore belt acting as the project target area.
Soile Aatos
Ore deposit modelling and resource evaluation can be realised in more standardised ways
3D ore deposit model and resource evaluation: E. Koistinen et al. (2010)
Soile Aatos
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Kuuhkamo
Geological 3D model: J. Luukas
3D-model of the mineralisation: P. Heino
Soile Aatos
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Vihanti
Geological and mine models by J. Luukas
Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)
Soile Aatos
Ore deposit modelling techniques can be used for mine-scale geological interpretations, too: The D4 structural model of Pyhäsalmi mine
3D structural interpretation and modelling: J. Luukas
Mobilised parts
F4
Inversion model of regional gravity data
Soile Aatos
3D computational modelling: A. Ruotsalainen in ProMine project (2009-2013), work package 2