GROWING NATION (1780 – 1830) POLITICAL GROWTH National Government Structure, National Issues, Foreign Issues, Rising Nationalism v. Sectionalism PHYSICAL.
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GROWING NATION(1780 – 1830)•POLITICAL GROWTH
•National Government Structure, National Issues, Foreign Issues, Rising Nationalism v.
• Political and Physical Growth– Jefferson / Madison / War of 1812 /
Monroe Doctrine / Missouri Compromise
• Economic Growth– Madison / Clay / Industrial Revolution
• Political and Social Growth– Age of Jackson– Social Reform
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AMERICA
• Tariffs and the National Bank– In 1816, Second Bank of the United
States chartered for 20 years– James Monroe elected president (1816)
begins the: ERA of GOOD FEELINGS• Period of growing economic, social and
political stability and strength; increased national views on issues and less regional conflicts.
Clay Proposes the American System• House speaker Henry Clay proposes the
American Economic Plan (System) to encourage a strong – expanding economy– NORTH (New England And North East
regions encouraged to produce manufactured goods
– SOUTH & WEST encouraged to based their economy on food, cotton Agriculture products
– National Currency, Transportation increases trade
– ALL Regions sustain the others, making U.S. economically independent
Henry Clay’s American Economic System• North EastNorth East
– Manufacturing• Urban Cities
• North WestNorth West– Agriculture
• Food crops, livestock
• SouthSouth– Agriculture
• COTTON KING
Factories
FOOD
COTTON
Henry Clay Proposes the American American SystemSystem
• Uniting the Nation’s Economic Interests– James Madison’s plan to unite the country’s
regions, create a strong, growing strong, growing economyeconomy
• NEED 3 things for this to work - Protective Tariffs (Tariff Act of 1816) - Improved Transportation (national Rd - National Banking System (1816 - 2nd)
Clay Proposes the American System• Eric Canal and other Internal Improvements
– Railroads not yet common use, first steam engine built in 1825
– Many states build turnpikes, toll roads pay for themselves
– Federal Government funds highways to connect different regions
– 1838, National Road extends from Cumberland, Md. To Vandalia, Illinois
– Erie Canal links Hudson River to Lake Erie; Atlantic to Great Lakes
– Other states build over 3,000 miles of canals by 1837
• ATLANTA– 1836 Georgia Assembly
• Trade route from coast to the midwest• Western and Atlantic Railroad of the
State of Georgia
– Colonel Stephen Harriman Long (engineer)• STAKE (Five Points)• TERMINUS • MARTHASVILLE• ATLANTA
Clay Proposes the American SystemTariffs and the National Bank
• Madison proposes Tariff of 1816 – tariff on imports– Increase the cost of foreign goods– People more likely to buy american goods– Helps pay for improvements
• Northeast welcomes Tariff, South & West resent the higher prices– Clay, Calhoun sway congress from South &
west to approve– Most leaders agree National Bank, National
Currency benefits ALL
Balancing Nationalism andSectionalism, 1815-1840
Changes in manufacturing launch an Industrial Revolution, Sectionalism continues to grow with Slavery and other issues divide the North and South, Andrew Jackson has popular appeal but uproots
many Native Americans. Many Reform movements change the country.
Industrial Revolution Affects America• Great Britain Starts a Revolution
– In 18th century, British first generate power from Streams, coal to produce Steam
– Develop power-driven machines for mass production, build factories
• The Industrial Revolution in America– After Independence, U.S. income primarily
from international trade (England)– Thomas Jefferson’s Embargo Act on 1807,
War of 1812 blockade shut down trade– Americans begin to invest in American
Industries and New Businesses
1st Industrial Revolution Water / Steam Textile Mills
-Thread Machine -Weaving Machine -Cutting Machine
• Mass Production – production of goods in large quantities (prices drop)
North West Territories NorthWest Ordinance of 1787 (north of Ohio River)
– NOT decided in Louisiana Purchase Territories
– 1819 Missouri applies as state “slavery hotly debated”
Nationalism Pushes America WestThe Missouri Compromise• When territories population reaches
60,000 may apply for statehood• Missouri Compromise preserves
balance between non-slave & slave states– Maine admitted as Free State– Missouri admitted as Slave State– Divide Louisiana Territory at 36-30 line
• Slavery legal SOUTH
• Samuel Slater (Textiles)– LOWELL, Mass.– WALTHAM, Mass.
• Eli Whitney– Interchangeable Parts– Cotton Gin
• Charles Goodyear– Vulcanized Rubber
• Elias Howe– Sewing Machine
• I.M. Singer– Foot Treadle (Sewing)
• Joseph Henry• Samuel F.B. Morse
– Telegraph
• James Watts– Steam Engine
Transportation Changes
• Robert Fulton– Steam Boat
• Others changes– Eric Canal– National Road (Hwy)
• Cumberland Md.
• Rail Roads (Iron Horse)Agricultural
Inventions• John Deere
– Steel Plow (Horse v. Ox)
• Cyrus McCormick– Mechanized Reaper
Thomas Jefferson *R (1801-1809 ) Midnight Judges Marbury v. Madison Westward Expansion Louisiana Purchase Lewis & ClarkEmbargo Act of 1807
James Madison *R ( 1809 - 1817 ) War of 1812Causes / Events Washington, D.C.Battle of New Orleans (A. Jackson) Treaty of Ghent
James Monroe * R ( 1817 - 1825 ) Adams-Onis Treaty Nationalism – SectionalismEra of Good Feelings American SystemNational Growth Monroe Doctrine Missouri Compromise
John Quincy Adams *R 1824 election issues
Andrew Jackson * Democrat
New Campaign StyleJacksonian DemocracySpoils System (Patronage)Trail of Tears (Removal)States Rights (Nullification)Bank War
Martin van BurenWilliam Henry Harrison
(Whig)
CHAPTER 8 – REFORM MOVEMENTS
•UNIT TEST –NEXT FRIDAY
Henry Clay’s American Economic System• North EastNorth East
– Manufacturing• Urban Cities
• North WestNorth West– Agriculture
• Food crops, livestock
• SouthSouth– Agriculture
• COTTON KING
• We build massive INFRASTRUCTURE– Road, Bridges,
Highways, Canal, Railroads, etc…
Factories
FOOD
COTTON
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AMERICA
• Samuel Slater (Textiles)– LOWELL, Mass.– WALTHAM, Mass.