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FOTOSINTESISFOTOSINTESIS
Presented by
Mawaddah : 13/348791/BI/09101
Fitri Nirmawati : 13/349067/BI/09135
Nur Fadli Ikram : 13/352087/BI/09178
Teuh !aidar : 13/352102/BI/09181
"#ali$a B% Taria# : 13/352222/BI/09200
Fakulta$ Bi&l&i
'#i(er$ita$ )ad ah Mada
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' )
FotosintesisFotosintesis
+uatu ,r&$e$ -i&kimia
,em-e#tuka# .at maka#a#
kar-&hidrat luk&$a a#
dilakuka# &leh tum-uha#
terutama tum-uha# a#
me#a#du# .at hi*au
dau# atau kl&r&il de#a#
-a#tua# e#eri ahaa
matahari &t
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TumbuhanTumbuhan
Autotrophs:Autotrophs: $el,r&duer$
&ati:
1au#a Stomata (stoma)
- Sel Mesofil Daun
StomaMesophyll
Cell
Chloroplast
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Stomata (stoma)Stomata (stoma)
PoresPores i# a ,la#t$ utile thr&uhwhih waterwater a#d asesases areeha#ed -etwee# the ,la#t a#d
the atm&$,here
Guard
Cell
Guard
Cell
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
Oxygen
(O2)
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Mesoph!ll "ellMesoph!ll "ell
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Central acuole
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"hloroplast"hloroplast
;ra#el ter*adi#a F&t&$i#te$i$
Granum!hyla"oid
Stroma
Outer Membrane
#nner Membrane
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Th!la#oi$Th!la#oi$
!hyla"oid Membrane
!hyla"oid SpaceGranum
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Mole#ul %lorofilMole#ul %lorofil
&ated i# the th!la#oi$ membranesth!la#oi$ membranes
"hloroph!ll piments"hloroph!ll piments har(e$t e#er ,h&t$- absorbinabsorbin ertai# wa&elenthswa&elenths blue'*blue'*
nmnm a#d re$'++* nm are m&$t im,&rta#t
PlantsPlants are reenreen -eau$e the reen wa&elenthwa&elenth i$ refle,te$refle,te$ not absorbe$not absorbe$
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-elomban ,aha!a (nm)-elomban ,aha!a (nm)
$%% &%% '%% %%
Short a*e +ong a*e(more energy) (less energy)
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"aha!a !an $iserap oleh"aha!a !an $iserap oleh
%lorofil%lorofil
a*elengtha*elength
,bsorption
*iolet blue green yello orange red
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Fall "olorsFall "olors
I# additi t& the hl&r&,hll ,ime#t$ there are &ther
pimentspiments ,re$e#t
uri# the all the reen ,hloroph!ll (a)reen ,hloroph!ll (a) ,ime#t$ arereatl! re$u,e$reatl! re$u,e$ re(eali# the &ther pimentspiments
"arotenoi$s"arotenoi$s are ,ime#t$ that are either re$re$ or !ellow!ellow
*i#a
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Fotosintesis merupa#anFotosintesis merupa#an
.ea#si .e$o#s.ea#si .e$o#s The transfertransfer & oneone &r moremore
ele,tronsele,trons r&m one rea,tantone rea,tant t&
anotheranother
Two t!pes:Two t!pes:
/0/0 O1i$ationO1i$ation
00 .e$u,tion.e$u,tion
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O1i$ation .ea,tionO1i$ation .ea,tion
The lossloss & ele,tronsele,trons r&m asubstan,e
glucoseglucose'CO2 - '.2O C'./2O' - 'O2
OxidationOxidation
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.e$u,tion .ea,tion.e$u,tion .ea,tion
The ainain & ele,trons t& asubstan,e
glucoseglucose
'CO2 - '.2O C'./2O' - 'O2
0eduction0eduction
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Dua rea#si $alamDua rea#si $alam
FotosintesisFotosintesis Two main parts (rea,tions)0Two main parts (rea,tions)0
/0 2iht .ea,tion or/0 2iht .ea,tion or
2iht Depen$ent .ea,tion2iht Depen$ent .ea,tion
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00 "al&in "!,le or"al&in "!,le or
2iht In$epen$ent .ea,tion or2iht In$epen$ent .ea,tion or
"arbon Fi1ation or"arbon Fi1ation or
""44 Fi1ationFi1ation
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/0 2iht .ea,tion (Ele,tron/0 2iht .ea,tion (Ele,tron
Flow)Flow) ;ur$ i# the Th!la#oi$ membranesTh!la#oi$ membranes
uri# the liht rea,tionliht rea,tion there aretwo possibletwo possible r&ute$ &r ele,tron flowele,tron flow
(aliran ele,tron)(aliran ele,tron)
A0A0 "!,li, Ele,tron Flow"!,li, Ele,tron Flow
6060 Non,!,li, Ele,tron FlowNon,!,li, Ele,tron Flow
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A0 "!,li, Ele,tron FlowA0 "!,li, Ele,tron Flow
Ter7a$i $i membrane tila#oi$0
3an!a menuna#an Fotosistem I
P8** rea,tion ,enter' ,hloroph!ll a
9ses Ele,tron Transport "hain (ET")Ele,tron Transport "hain (ET")
-enerates ATP onl!
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A0 "!,li, Ele,tron FlowA0 "!,li, Ele,tron Flow
1%%
1rimary
lectron
,cceptor
e3
e3
e3
e3
,!1,!1
produced
by !C
1hotosystem #
,ccessory
1igments
S4N
1hotons
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60 Non,!,li, Ele,tron Flow60 Non,!,li, Ele,tron Flow
O,,urs in the th!la#oi$ membraneth!la#oi$ membrane
9ses PS IIPS II an$ PS IPS I P+* r1n ,enter (PSII) ' ,hloroph!ll a
P8** r1n ,enter (PS I) ' ,hloroph!ll a
9ses Ele,tron Transport "hain (ET")Ele,tron Transport "hain (ET")
-enerates O-enerates O)); ATP an$ NADP3; ATP an$ NADP3
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60 Non,!,li, Ele,tron Flow60 Non,!,li, Ele,tron Flow
1%%
1hotosystem #1'5%
1hotosystem ##
1rimary
lectron
,cceptor
1rimary
lectron
,cceptor
!C
n6yme
0eaction
.2O
/72O/72O22 - 2.-
,!1,!1
N,D1.N,D1.
1hoton
2e3
2e3
2e3
2e3
2e3
S4N
1hoton
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"al&in "!,le
"arbon Fi1ation (liht in$epen$ent r1n)0"arbon Fi1ation (liht in$epen$ent r1n)0
"4 plants 80? & ,la#t$ earth
;ur$ i# the stroma
"T= da# N"=! dari reak$i tera# diu#aka# $e-aai@#eri
"O $iuna#an untu# membentu# ula seperti lu#usa$an fru#tosa
T& ,r&due lu,ose: it take$ + turns a#d uses / ATP an$/ NADP3
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"al&in "!,le (""al&in "!,le ("44 fi1ation)fi1ation)
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+iklu$ Aal(i# -erla#$u# dalam tia taha, aitua$e ik$a$i kar- a$e reduk$i da# a$e
ree#era$i %uB=
=ada a$e ik$a$i ter*adi ,e#am-ata# A;2 &lehri-ul&$e -i&$at %i-ul&$e -i,h&$,hat %uB=me#*adi 3&$&li$erat 3 ,h&$,h&lerate =)" %eak$i i#i dikatali$i$ &leh e#.im ri-ul&$e
-i&$at kar-&k$ila$e %u-i$&
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=ada a$e reduk$i di,erluka# "T= da# i !C dariN"=!2 u#tuk mereduk$i 3&$&li$erat =)"
me#*adi 13-i&$&li$erat =)"= kemudia#mem-e#tuk &$&li$eraldehid leraldehde3,h&$,hat =)" atau )3= luk&$a 3&$at
=ada taha, ree#era$i %uB= leraldehde 3,h&$,hate dik(er$i me#*adi %uB= melalui
$e-uah $eri reak$i a# meli-atka# &r&rila$im&lekul &leh "T=
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FotorespirasiFotorespirasi
;ur$ hot; $r!; briht $a!shot; $r!; briht $a!s
Stomates ,lose0
Fiati & O instea$ of "O
=r&due$ '" mole,ules'" mole,ules i#$tead & 4'"4'"
suar mole,ulessuar mole,ules
=r&due$ no suar mole,ules or no ATP0
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FotorespirasiFotorespirasi
6e,ause of photorespiration6e,ause of photorespiration:PlantsPlants ha(e spe,ial a$aptationsspe,ial a$aptations t&
limit the eet &photorespirationphotorespiration
/0"4 Plants
0" Plants
40"AM Plants
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"4 Plant
Mempun!ai en
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" Plants
%eak$i F&t&re$,ira$i ,ada tum-uha# A4
$a#at re#dah ter*adi kare#a ,ada
tum-uha A4 memiliki e#.im ,e#ikat A;2
=@= $ehi#a tidak ter*adi k&m,eti$i
a#tara A;2 da# ;2 kare#a =@= ha#a
me#ikat A;2
=e#a#ka,a# A;2 ter*adi ,ada i daerah
me$&il da# di $eluda# -erka$
,e#a#kut -u#dle $eath
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" Plants" Plants
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At
Tum-uha# A4Tum-uha# A4
+e#awa a# ter-e#tuk ,ertama kali $etelah
-erikata# de#a# A;2 adalah $e#awa -erkar-
em,at
&k$al&a$etat Tem,at ter*adi#a &t&$i#te$i$ ter*adi di dua
tem,at aitu $el me$&il $iklu$ A3 da# $el $eluda#
-erka$ ,e#a#kut
$iklu$ A4
Tum-uha##a $e,erti $&rum amara#thu$ *au#
Tum-uha# A4 kemam,ua# melak$a#aka#→
&t&$i#te$i$ le-ih ti#i da# le-ih taha# terhada,
kekeri#a#
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At
Tum-uha# A4 memi#imalka# ke,erlua#
&t&re$,ira$i de#a# ara me#a-u#ka#
A;2 ke dalam $e#awa em,at kar- di $elme$&il
+e#awa em,at kar- ter$e-ut diek$,&rt ke
$el -erka$ ,em-uluh dima#a A;2
dile,a$ka# a# diu#aka# dalam $iklu$Aal(i#
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"AM Plants"AM Plants
1 !idu, di daerah keri# da# ,a#a$ da#
kelem-a,a# a# re#dah
2 5? terdiri dari tum-uha# kaktu$ da#lili#e#a$
3 +t&mata ter-uka ,ada malam hari
4 +t&mata me#utu, ,ada $ia# harikare#amalat me#alami reak$i dekar-&k$ila$i da#me#ha$ilka# ,iru(at da# A;2
5 Aal(i# Ale mem-e#tuk =)" )3= ,adamalam hari da# $ia# hari
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"AM Plants
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%@DI@E ;'%N"
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%@DI@E ;'%N"
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"FT"% ='+T"G"
Aam,-ell N" a#d B %eee 2008 Biology 8th =ear$
@duati I# +a# Fra#$i$& ,,: 200218
!&,ki#$ E ) a#d N = " !u#er 2009 Introduction to
Plant Physiology 4th.&h# Eile H +$ I#
Tai. a#d @ Jeier 2010 Plant Physiology 5th ed. +i#auer
"$$&iate$
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Terima ka$ih
a# Kue$tiL